Plant Stress最新文献_第9页

Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into temperature-dependent changes in catechin and anthocyanin accumulation in tea plants with different leaf colors

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100705

Jingbo Yu , Qianying Wang , Wenli Wang, Ruihong Ma, Changqing Ding, Kang Wei, Liyuan Wang, Shibe Ge, Yuanzhi Shi, Xin Li

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a globally important cash crop, with a variety of kinds depending on colors and constituents. Temperatures influence leaf color and secondary metabolite accumulation in tea plants and thus it is worth investigating global metabolic and transcriptomic changes in different tea cultivars under different temperature regimes. In this study, the dynamic changes in key genes and secondary metabolites were analyzed in the purple-leaf tea cultivar ‘Zijuan’ (ZJ) and the green-leaf cultivar ‘Longjing 43’ (LJ) under four temperature conditions (15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C), employing RNA-sequencing and targeted metabolomics (UPLC-GC/MS). Results showed that anthocyanin content in ZJ was significantly higher at 15 °C and 20 °C than at 25 °C and 35 °C, suggesting that low temperatures strongly enhance anthocyanin synthesis. In contrast, LJ exhibited greater catechin accumulation at lower temperatures, especially at 15 °C and 20 °C, where the relative content of key compounds was significantly higher than at 25 °C. Low temperatures enhanced the expression of ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE (ANS) in ZJ while inhibiting the expression of ANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE (ANR) and LEUCOANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE (LAR). Nonetheless, all three genes were suppressed by high temperatures in ZJ. In LJ, the expression of ANS, ANR, and LAR showed similar trends under both low and high temperatures, suggesting that the metabolic responses to temperature changes are more consistent in LJ. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified key transcription factors that are significantly positively correlated with catechin and anthocyanin accumulation, including bHLH (CSS0002807), NAC (CSS0035736), AP2/ERF (CSS0000647), MYB (CSS0000220), MYB (CSS0002706), and WRKY (CSS0024910). Overall, this study provides novel insights into the secondary metabolite response mechanisms of tea plants under different temperatures and offers theoretical support for the breeding and selection of new tea cultivars.

{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into temperature-dependent changes in catechin and anthocyanin accumulation in tea plants with different leaf colors","authors":"Jingbo Yu , Qianying Wang , Wenli Wang, Ruihong Ma, Changqing Ding, Kang Wei, Liyuan Wang, Shibe Ge, Yuanzhi Shi, Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tea (<em>Camellia sinensis</em>) is a globally important cash crop, with a variety of kinds depending on colors and constituents. Temperatures influence leaf color and secondary metabolite accumulation in tea plants and thus it is worth investigating global metabolic and transcriptomic changes in different tea cultivars under different temperature regimes. In this study, the dynamic changes in key genes and secondary metabolites were analyzed in the purple-leaf tea cultivar ‘Zijuan’ (ZJ) and the green-leaf cultivar ‘Longjing 43’ (LJ) under four temperature conditions (15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C), employing RNA-sequencing and targeted metabolomics (UPLC-GC/MS). Results showed that anthocyanin content in ZJ was significantly higher at 15 °C and 20 °C than at 25 °C and 35 °C, suggesting that low temperatures strongly enhance anthocyanin synthesis. In contrast, LJ exhibited greater catechin accumulation at lower temperatures, especially at 15 °C and 20 °C, where the relative content of key compounds was significantly higher than at 25 °C. Low temperatures enhanced the expression of <em>ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE</em> (<em>ANS</em>) in ZJ while inhibiting the expression of <em>ANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE</em> (<em>ANR</em>) and <em>LEUCOANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE</em> (<em>LAR</em>). Nonetheless, all three genes were suppressed by high temperatures in ZJ. In LJ, the expression of <em>ANS, ANR</em>, and <em>LAR</em> showed similar trends under both low and high temperatures, suggesting that the metabolic responses to temperature changes are more consistent in LJ. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified key transcription factors that are significantly positively correlated with catechin and anthocyanin accumulation, including bHLH (<em>CSS0002807</em>), NAC (<em>CSS0035736</em>), AP2/ERF (<em>CSS0000647</em>), MYB (<em>CSS0000220</em>), MYB (<em>CSS0002706</em>), and WRKY (<em>CSS0024910</em>). Overall, this study provides novel insights into the secondary metabolite response mechanisms of tea plants under different temperatures and offers theoretical support for the breeding and selection of new tea cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing tolerance to Phytophthora spp. in eggplant through DMR6–1 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout 通过 DMR6-1 CRISPR/Cas9 基因敲除增强茄子对疫霉属植物的耐受性

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100691

Martina Ferrero, Danila Valentino, Anna Maria Milani, Cinzia Comino, Sergio Lanteri, Alberto Acquadro, Andrea Moglia

Agricultural production is affected by the worsening effects of climate change with severe yield losses caused by rising temperatures, water scarcity and consequent modifications in the interactions between crops, pests, and pathogens. The availability of stress-tolerant plants will thus be a key point to guarantee the world food security in the next future. To this purpose, a significant contribution might be provided by the New Genomic Techniques (NGTs), such as CRISPR/Cas9, which allow to insert targeted modifications in the plants’ genomes offering new opportunities for crop improvement. Susceptibility genes encode proteins that pathogens can take advantage of during the colonization process, and their disabling confers a broad-spectrum and long-lasting pathogen tolerance to the plant. Among the S-genes, Downy Mildew Resistance 6 (DMR6) encodes an enzyme involved in Salicylic Acid (SA) degradation, and its inactivation in other Solanaceae species has proven to increase SA levels and confer tolerance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. We identified two orthologs of this gene in eggplant's genome, namely SmDMR6–1 and SmDMR6–2. In the ‘Black Beauty’ cultivar, only SmDMR6–1 expression significantly increased upon infection by the two oomycetes Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora capsici, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of plant responses to biotic stresses. Here we report, for the first time in eggplant, the knockout of SmDMR6–1 gene through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The regenerated T₀ plants were screened by Sanger sequencing and one was selected and self-pollinated to generate T₁ and then T₂ plants. The mutant lines were subjected to pathogen assays which highlighted an increased tolerance to infection by P. infestans and P. capsici, if compared to non-edited plants.

农业生产受到气候变化日益严重的影响，气温升高、缺水以及作物、害虫和病原体之间相互作用的改变导致严重减产。因此，提供抗逆植物将是保证未来世界粮食安全的一个关键点。为此，新基因组技术（NGT）（如 CRISPR/Cas9）可能会做出重大贡献，它可以在植物基因组中插入有针对性的修饰，为作物改良提供新的机会。易感基因编码病原体在定殖过程中可利用的蛋白质，禁用这些基因可赋予植物广谱、持久的病原体耐受性。在 S 基因中，抗霜霉病基因 6（DMR6）编码一种参与水杨酸（SA）降解的酶，在其他茄科植物中使其失活已被证明能提高 SA 含量并赋予植物对多种病原体的耐受性。我们在茄子基因组中发现了该基因的两个直向同源物，即 SmDMR6-1 和 SmDMR6-2。在 "黑美人 "栽培品种中，只有 SmDMR6-1 在受到两种卵菌 Phytophthora infestans 和 Phytophthora capsici 感染时表达量显著增加，这表明它参与了植物对生物胁迫反应的调控。在此，我们首次报道了通过 CRISPR/Cas9 技术在茄子中敲除 SmDMR6-1 基因。通过桑格测序筛选出再生的 T0 株系，并选择其中一株进行自花授粉，生成 T1 株系，然后再生成 T2 株系。对突变株系进行了病原体检测，结果表明，与未经编辑的植株相比，突变株系对侵染花叶病毒（P. infestans）和蒴果花叶病毒（P. capsici）感染的耐受性更强。

{"title":"Enhancing tolerance to Phytophthora spp. in eggplant through DMR6–1 CRISPR/Cas9 knockout","authors":"Martina Ferrero, Danila Valentino, Anna Maria Milani, Cinzia Comino, Sergio Lanteri, Alberto Acquadro, Andrea Moglia","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural production is affected by the worsening effects of climate change with severe yield losses caused by rising temperatures, water scarcity and consequent modifications in the interactions between crops, pests, and pathogens. The availability of stress-tolerant plants will thus be a key point to guarantee the world food security in the next future. To this purpose, a significant contribution might be provided by the New Genomic Techniques (NGTs), such as CRISPR/Cas9, which allow to insert targeted modifications in the plants’ genomes offering new opportunities for crop improvement. Susceptibility genes encode proteins that pathogens can take advantage of during the colonization process, and their disabling confers a broad-spectrum and long-lasting pathogen tolerance to the plant. Among the S-genes, <em>Downy Mildew Resistance 6</em> (<em>DMR6</em>) encodes an enzyme involved in Salicylic Acid (SA) degradation, and its inactivation in other <em>Solanaceae</em> species has proven to increase SA levels and confer tolerance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. We identified two orthologs of this gene in eggplant's genome, namely <em>SmDMR6–1</em> and <em>SmDMR6–2.</em> In the ‘Black Beauty’ cultivar, only <em>SmDMR6–1</em> expression significantly increased upon infection by the two oomycetes <em>Phytophthora infestans</em> and <em>Phytophthora capsici</em>, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of plant responses to biotic stresses. Here we report, for the first time in eggplant, the knockout of <em>SmDMR6–1</em> gene through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The regenerated T<sub>0</sub> plants were screened by Sanger sequencing and one was selected and self-pollinated to generate T<sub>1</sub> and then T<sub>2</sub> plants. The mutant lines were subjected to pathogen assays which highlighted an increased tolerance to infection by <em>P. infestans</em> and <em>P. capsici</em>, if compared to non-edited plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SlNRT1.5 transporter and the SlSKOR K+ channel jointly contribute to K+ translocation in tomato plants SlNRT1.5 转运体和 SlSKOR K+ 通道共同促进番茄植株的 K+ 转运

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100689

Almudena Martínez-Martínez , Maria Ángeles Botella , Manuel Francisco García-Legaz , Elvira López-Gómez , Jesus Amo , Lourdes Rubio , Jose Antonio Fernández , Vicente Martínez , Francisco Rubio , Manuel Nieves-Cordones

Accumulation of K⁺ in shoots is largely dependent on K⁺ transport via the xylem and has important implications not only for K⁺ nutrition but also for stress tolerance. In tomato plants, the K⁺ channel SlSKOR contributed to K⁺ translocation but the decrease in the shoot K⁺ content in slskor mutants was only ∼15 %, indicating that additional K⁺ transport systems operated in the tomato stele. Here, we studied the physiological roles of the transporter SlNRT1.5 in tomato plants, whose homolog in Arabidopsis, AtNRT1.5, contributed to xylem K⁺ load. By using heterologous expression of SlNRT1.5 in Xenopus oocytes and a slnrt1.5 knock-out mutant, we have gained insights into its role in shoot K⁺ nutrition. Expression of SlNRT1.5 in Xenopus oocytes resulted in K⁺ efflux, similar to that mediated by AtNRT1.5, which could indicate that SlNRT1.5 operates as a K⁺ transport system. Plants lacking slnrt1.5 accumulated less K⁺ in shoots than WT plants under low external pH (4.5), and low supply of K⁺ (0.05 mM) and N (0.5 mM). Interestingly, slnrt1.5 plants accumulated less Na⁺ and Cl^- in shoots than WT plants. Further analyses on slskor slnrt1.5 double mutant plants revealed an overlapping role of SlSKOR and SlNRT1.5 in shoot K⁺ accumulation. Double mutants showed a 40 % decrease in shoot K⁺ content in comparison with slskor and slnrt1.5 single mutants. Altogether, this study showed that SlNRT1.5 and SlSKOR are major players in shoot K⁺ accumulation in tomato plants.

芽中 K+ 的积累在很大程度上依赖于木质部的 K+ 运输，这不仅对 K+ 营养，而且对胁迫耐受性都有重要影响。在番茄植株中，K+通道SlSKOR有助于K+转运，但在slskor突变体中，芽中K+含量的降低幅度仅为15%，这表明番茄骨架中还有其他K+转运系统。在这里，我们研究了番茄植株中转运体 SlNRT1.5 的生理作用，其在拟南芥中的同源物 AtNRT1.5 对木质部 K+ 负荷有贡献。通过在爪蟾卵母细胞中异源表达 SlNRT1.5 和 slnrt1.5 基因敲除突变体，我们深入了解了它在芽 K+ 营养中的作用。在爪蟾卵母细胞中表达 SlNRT1.5 会导致 K+ 外流，与 AtNRT1.5 介导的外流类似，这可能表明 SlNRT1.5 作为 K+ 转运系统起作用。在外部 pH 值低（4.5）、K+（0.05 mM）和 N（0.5 mM）供应量低的条件下，缺乏 slnrt1.5 的植株在嫩枝中积累的 K+ 比 WT 植株少。有趣的是，与 WT 植物相比，slnrt1.5 植物芽中积累的 Na+ 和 Cl- 较少。对 slskor slnrt1.5 双突变体植株的进一步分析表明，SlSKOR 和 SlNRT1.5 在芽 K+ 积累中的作用是重叠的。与 slskor 和 slnrt1.5 单突变体相比，双突变体的嫩枝 K+含量降低了 40%。总之，这项研究表明，SlNRT1.5 和 SlSKOR 是番茄植株嫩枝 K+ 积累的主要参与者。

{"title":"SlNRT1.5 transporter and the SlSKOR K+ channel jointly contribute to K+ translocation in tomato plants","authors":"Almudena Martínez-Martínez , Maria Ángeles Botella , Manuel Francisco García-Legaz , Elvira López-Gómez , Jesus Amo , Lourdes Rubio , Jose Antonio Fernández , Vicente Martínez , Francisco Rubio , Manuel Nieves-Cordones","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accumulation of K<sup>+</sup> in shoots is largely dependent on K<sup>+</sup> transport via the xylem and has important implications not only for K<sup>+</sup> nutrition but also for stress tolerance. In tomato plants, the K<sup>+</sup> channel SlSKOR contributed to K<sup>+</sup> translocation but the decrease in the shoot K<sup>+</sup> content in <em>slskor</em> mutants was only ∼15 %, indicating that additional K<sup>+</sup> transport systems operated in the tomato stele. Here, we studied the physiological roles of the transporter SlNRT1.5 in tomato plants, whose homolog in Arabidopsis, AtNRT1.5, contributed to xylem K<sup>+</sup> load. By using heterologous expression of SlNRT1.5 in Xenopus oocytes and a <em>slnrt1.5</em> knock-out mutant, we have gained insights into its role in shoot K<sup>+</sup> nutrition. Expression of SlNRT1.5 in Xenopus oocytes resulted in K<sup>+</sup> efflux, similar to that mediated by AtNRT1.5, which could indicate that SlNRT1.5 operates as a K<sup>+</sup> transport system. Plants lacking <em>slnrt1.5</em> accumulated less K<sup>+</sup> in shoots than WT plants under low external pH (4.5), and low supply of K<sup>+</sup> (0.05 mM) and N (0.5 mM). Interestingly, <em>slnrt1.5</em> plants accumulated less Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> in shoots than WT plants. Further analyses on <em>slskor slnrt1.5</em> double mutant plants revealed an overlapping role of SlSKOR and SlNRT1.5 in shoot K<sup>+</sup> accumulation. Double mutants showed a 40 % decrease in shoot K<sup>+</sup> content in comparison with <em>slskor</em> and <em>slnrt1.5</em> single mutants. Altogether, this study showed that SlNRT1.5 and SlSKOR are major players in shoot K<sup>+</sup> accumulation in tomato plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Dalbergia sissoo as host species in physiological and molecular adaptation of sandalwood under individual and interactive salinity and water deficit stress Dalbergia sissoo 作为宿主物种在单独和交互盐度及缺水胁迫下对檀香生理和分子适应性的作用

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100679

Aarju Sharma , Ashwani Kumar , Sulekha Chahal , Pooja Dhansu , Raj Kumar , Shruti Kaushik , Bindu Battan , Parvender Sheoran , Poonam Choudhary

The aim of present study was to investigate the viability of cultivating white sandalwood (Santalum album L.) in sub-tropical India where farmers are primarily concerned with salinity stress and water deficit as well as different genes that regulate the growth. The present research was undertaken to explore the molecular mechanism of salinity and drought tolerance in sandalwood planted with Dalbergia sissoo (selected based on prior studies) by conducting an RBD experiment under water deficit (50 %), salinity stress (EC_iw ∼ 8 ds/m) and combined 50 % water deficit and saline stress (EC_iw ∼ 8 ds/m). After two years of imposed treatments, leaves were collected from sandalwood to study the relative gene expression of salinity tolerance (SOS 1, NHX 1 and NHX 2), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and POX), proline synthesis (P5CS and P5CR) and nitrogen metabolism (NR, NIR, GS and GDH) related genes using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Different morpho-physiological and biochemical traits showed reduction under individual and interactive stresses except proline and Na⁺ content as well as anti-oxidative enzyme activities. So far, gene expression studies have not been fully validated in sandalwood under abiotic stresses. The results displayed that SOS 1, NHX 1, NHX 2, APX, POX, CAT, SOD, P5CS and P5CR genes showed maximum expression under combined salinity and water deficit stress. On the other side, genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, i.e., NR, NIR, GS and GDH showed lowest expression under individual as well as interactive water deficit and salinity stress. The current study also highlights the significance of the host D. sissoo which may be good long-term host species in terms of stress tolerance mechanism at molecular level for sandalwood production under changing environmental conditions.

本研究的目的是调查在印度亚热带地区种植白檀（Santalum album L.）的可行性，那里的农民主要关注盐度胁迫和水分亏缺以及调节生长的不同基因。本研究通过在缺水（50%）、盐分胁迫（ECiw ∼ 8 ds/m）以及 50%缺水和盐分胁迫（ECiw ∼ 8 ds/m）条件下进行 RBD 试验，探索了白檀（Dalbergia sissoo，根据先前研究选定）耐盐碱和耐干旱的分子机制。经过两年的处理后，采集檀香叶片，利用实时 PCR（RT-PCR）技术研究耐盐基因（SOS 1、NHX 1 和 NHX 2）、抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、APX 和 POX）、脯氨酸合成基因（P5CS 和 P5CR）以及氮代谢相关基因（NR、NIR、GS 和 GDH）的相对表达。除脯氨酸和 Na+ 含量以及抗氧化酶活性外，不同的形态生理和生化性状在单独胁迫和交互胁迫下均有所下降。迄今为止，非生物胁迫下的檀香基因表达研究尚未得到充分验证。研究结果表明，在盐度和缺水联合胁迫下，SOS 1、NHX 1、NHX 2、APX、POX、CAT、SOD、P5CS 和 P5CR 基因的表达量最大。另一方面，参与氮代谢的基因，即 NR、NIR、GS 和 GDH 在单独以及缺水和盐度胁迫交互作用下的表达量最低。本研究还强调了宿主 D. sissoo 的重要性，它可能是在不断变化的环境条件下，檀香生产在分子水平上具有良好抗逆机制的长期宿主物种。

{"title":"Role of Dalbergia sissoo as host species in physiological and molecular adaptation of sandalwood under individual and interactive salinity and water deficit stress","authors":"Aarju Sharma , Ashwani Kumar , Sulekha Chahal , Pooja Dhansu , Raj Kumar , Shruti Kaushik , Bindu Battan , Parvender Sheoran , Poonam Choudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of present study was to investigate the viability of cultivating white sandalwood (<em>Santalum album</em> L.) in sub-tropical India where farmers are primarily concerned with salinity stress and water deficit as well as different genes that regulate the growth. The present research was undertaken to explore the molecular mechanism of salinity and drought tolerance in sandalwood planted with <em>Dalbergia sissoo</em> (selected based on prior studies) by conducting an RBD experiment under water deficit (50 %), salinity stress (EC<em><sub>iw</sub></em> ∼ 8 ds/m) and combined 50 % water deficit and saline stress (EC<em><sub>iw</sub></em> ∼ 8 ds/m). After two years of imposed treatments, leaves were collected from sandalwood to study the relative gene expression of salinity tolerance (<em>SOS 1, NHX 1</em> and <em>NHX 2</em>), antioxidant enzymes (<em>SOD, CAT, APX</em> and <em>POX</em>), proline synthesis (<em>P5CS</em> and <em>P5CR</em>) and nitrogen metabolism (<em>NR, NIR, GS</em> and <em>GDH</em>) related genes using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Different morpho-physiological and biochemical traits showed reduction under individual and interactive stresses except proline and Na<sup>+</sup> content as well as anti-oxidative enzyme activities. So far, gene expression studies have not been fully validated in sandalwood under abiotic stresses. The results displayed that <em>SOS 1, NHX 1, NHX 2, APX, POX, CAT, SOD, P5CS</em> and <em>P5CR</em> genes showed maximum expression under combined salinity and water deficit stress. On the other side, genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, i.e., <em>NR, NIR, GS</em> and <em>GDH</em> showed lowest expression under individual as well as interactive water deficit and salinity stress. The current study also highlights the significance of the host <em>D. sissoo</em> which may be good long-term host species in terms of stress tolerance mechanism at molecular level for sandalwood production under changing environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acclimation of barley plants to elevated CO2 concentration and high light intensity does not increase their protection against drought, heat, and their combination 大麦植物适应高浓度二氧化碳和高光照强度并不能增强其抗旱、抗高温及抗旱、抗高温组合的能力

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100687

Hana Findurová , Otmar Urban , Barbora Veselá , Jakub Nezval , Radomír Pech , Vladimír Špunda , Karel Klem

Plants face fluctuations in environmental conditions throughout their life cycles. Some of these conditions, such as CO₂ concentration and increasing temperature, are closely linked to ongoing climate change. These conditions not only affect plant growth and development but also modify the response to sudden exposure to stressors through morphological, physiological, and biochemical acclimation. Understanding these responses is therefore important for defining adaptation strategies for future crop production. In this study, we tested the acclimation effect of light intensity (low, high) and CO₂ concentration (low, ambient, elevated) on barley plants and its implications for subsequent responses to drought, heat, and their combination. The acclimation to the growth conditions induced numerous changes both in plant morphology and physiology. The whole-plant leaf area was stimulated by increasing light intensity and CO₂ concentration. That led to increased whole-plant transpiration despite the trend of stomatal conductance was the opposite in comparison to leaf area. The increased whole-plant transpiration then increased the sensitivity of barley plants to the stress treatments. Similarly, the stimulatory effect of high light intensity on antioxidative capacity was not sufficient to improve barley performance under the stress treatments. The presented results show that for physiological or biochemical indicators of stress tolerance to be realistically used to evaluate the expected response to stress conditions, they must be related to the morphology of the whole plant, which influences both the severity of stress and the quantitative role of resistance mechanisms.

植物在其整个生命周期中都面临着环境条件的波动。其中一些条件，如二氧化碳浓度和温度升高，与正在发生的气候变化密切相关。这些条件不仅会影响植物的生长和发育，还会通过形态、生理和生化适应改变植物对突然暴露于压力源的反应。因此，了解这些反应对于确定未来作物生产的适应策略非常重要。在本研究中，我们测试了光照强度（低、高）和二氧化碳浓度（低、常温、高）对大麦植株的适应效应及其对随后干旱、高温及其组合反应的影响。对生长条件的适应引起了植物形态和生理上的许多变化。光照强度和二氧化碳浓度的增加刺激了整个植株的叶面积。尽管气孔导度的趋势与叶面积相反，但这却导致了整株植物蒸腾量的增加。全株蒸腾作用的增加提高了大麦植株对胁迫处理的敏感性。同样，高光照强度对抗氧化能力的刺激作用也不足以改善大麦在胁迫处理下的表现。上述结果表明，要真正利用抗逆性的生理或生化指标来评估对胁迫条件的预期反应，这些指标必须与整株植物的形态有关，因为整株植物的形态既影响胁迫的严重程度，也影响抗逆机制的定量作用。

{"title":"Acclimation of barley plants to elevated CO2 concentration and high light intensity does not increase their protection against drought, heat, and their combination","authors":"Hana Findurová , Otmar Urban , Barbora Veselá , Jakub Nezval , Radomír Pech , Vladimír Špunda , Karel Klem","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants face fluctuations in environmental conditions throughout their life cycles. Some of these conditions, such as CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and increasing temperature, are closely linked to ongoing climate change. These conditions not only affect plant growth and development but also modify the response to sudden exposure to stressors through morphological, physiological, and biochemical acclimation. Understanding these responses is therefore important for defining adaptation strategies for future crop production. In this study, we tested the acclimation effect of light intensity (low, high) and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (low, ambient, elevated) on barley plants and its implications for subsequent responses to drought, heat, and their combination. The acclimation to the growth conditions induced numerous changes both in plant morphology and physiology. The whole-plant leaf area was stimulated by increasing light intensity and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. That led to increased whole-plant transpiration despite the trend of stomatal conductance was the opposite in comparison to leaf area. The increased whole-plant transpiration then increased the sensitivity of barley plants to the stress treatments. Similarly, the stimulatory effect of high light intensity on antioxidative capacity was not sufficient to improve barley performance under the stress treatments. The presented results show that for physiological or biochemical indicators of stress tolerance to be realistically used to evaluate the expected response to stress conditions, they must be related to the morphology of the whole plant, which influences both the severity of stress and the quantitative role of resistance mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100687"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Salicylic acid promotes endosperm development and heat-tolerance of waxy maize (Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh) under heat stress 水杨酸促进热胁迫下蜡质玉米（Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh）胚乳的发育并提高其耐热性

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100684

Jian Guo , Zitao Wang , Jing Li , Lingling Qu , Yanping Chen , Guanghao Li , Dalei Lu

High temperature (HT) during the grain-filling stage has become an important factor restricting endosperm development and yield formation in maize. Saicylic acid (SA) is an efficient plant-protective hormone, but its specific function and molecular mechanism regulating the heat tolerance of maize grains have not been reported. In this study, two waxy maize varieties cultivated in pots were used as research materials, and exogenous SA and HT were applied at the initial grain-filling stage. Compared with HT, the application of SA prolonged grain-filling duration and increased grain numbers per panicle, thereby improving the grain weight and yield. SA enhanced the ploidy level and promoted the proliferation of endosperm cells under HT. SA promoted the biosynthesis and accumulation of sucrose and starch in endosperm under HT by regulating their metabolism. SA stabilized the balance of endogenous hormones in heat-tolerant variety, and activated the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. SA triggered alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and jasmonic acid signaling pathways of heat-tolerant variety. Furthermore, SA adjusted the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways of heat-sensitive variety. In conclusion, the physiological, biochemical, transcription profile, and metabolite level changes induced by SA treatment form the basis for the enhancement of heat tolerance of maize endosperm.

玉米籽粒灌浆期的高温（HT）已成为制约玉米胚乳发育和产量形成的重要因素。水杨酸（SA）是一种高效的植物保护激素，但其调节玉米籽粒耐热性的具体功能和分子机制尚未见报道。本研究以两个盆栽蜡质玉米品种为研究材料，在籽粒灌浆初期施用外源 SA 和 HT。与 HT 相比，施用 SA 可延长籽粒灌浆期，增加每穗粒数，从而提高粒重和产量。在 HT 条件下，SA 提高了胚乳细胞的倍性水平，促进了胚乳细胞的增殖。在 HT 条件下，SA 通过调节蔗糖和淀粉的新陈代谢，促进胚乳中蔗糖和淀粉的生物合成和积累。SA 稳定了耐热品种的内源激素平衡，激活了植物激素信号转导途径。SA触发了耐热品种的α-亚麻酸代谢和茉莉酸信号转导途径。此外，SA 还调整了热敏感品种的苯丙氨酸和黄酮类化合物的生物合成途径。总之，SA 处理诱导的生理、生化、转录谱和代谢物水平变化是提高玉米胚乳耐热性的基础。

{"title":"Salicylic acid promotes endosperm development and heat-tolerance of waxy maize (Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh) under heat stress","authors":"Jian Guo , Zitao Wang , Jing Li , Lingling Qu , Yanping Chen , Guanghao Li , Dalei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High temperature (HT) during the grain-filling stage has become an important factor restricting endosperm development and yield formation in maize. Saicylic acid (SA) is an efficient plant-protective hormone, but its specific function and molecular mechanism regulating the heat tolerance of maize grains have not been reported. In this study, two waxy maize varieties cultivated in pots were used as research materials, and exogenous SA and HT were applied at the initial grain-filling stage. Compared with HT, the application of SA prolonged grain-filling duration and increased grain numbers per panicle, thereby improving the grain weight and yield. SA enhanced the ploidy level and promoted the proliferation of endosperm cells under HT. SA promoted the biosynthesis and accumulation of sucrose and starch in endosperm under HT by regulating their metabolism. SA stabilized the balance of endogenous hormones in heat-tolerant variety, and activated the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. SA triggered alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and jasmonic acid signaling pathways of heat-tolerant variety. Furthermore, SA adjusted the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways of heat-sensitive variety. In conclusion, the physiological, biochemical, transcription profile, and metabolite level changes induced by SA treatment form the basis for the enhancement of heat tolerance of maize endosperm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100684"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveal the key regulator in BTH-induced fruit resistance of banana 转录组学和代谢组学分析揭示了 BTH 诱导香蕉果实抗性的关键调控因子

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100682

Faiz Ur Rahman , Yulin Yao , Xiaoying Xie, Jiangping Chen, Ke Ma, Weixin Chen, Xueping Li, Xiaoyang Zhu

Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a plant resistance inducer that effectively delays ripening and senescence in fruits. To understand its possible mechanism, transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were performed on banana (Musa spp.) fruit treated with BTH after their inoculation with the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum musae. A total of 1,747 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 1,160 were up- and 587 downregulated between the BTH and control conditions. These DEGs were highly enriched in metabolic pathways related to disease resistance, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoids, and starch and sucrose metabolism. A metabolome analysis identified 138 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) of which 73 were upregulated and 65 downregulated between the BTH and control conditions. Flavonoids were significantly upregulated DAMs. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that the lignin biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways played important roles in the disease resistance of banana fruit induced by BTH by upregulating the expression of PAL, 4CL, PER, CHS, FLS, and FL3H. Moreover, WRKY transcription factors (TFs) also played key roles in this process of resistance by mediating genes related to disease resistance, such as PR1, PR1c, TLPH, PTI5, and other genes. Our results suggested that the BTH treatment significantly changed the expression of transcripts and metabolites related to the hormone signaling, secondary metabolism, disease resistance, and key TFs, which induced the disease resistance and delayed the ripening process. The insights into these molecular mechanisms also provide potential targets for genetic or chemical approaches to further enhance fruit quality and resistance.

苯并噻二唑（BTH）是一种植物抗性诱导剂，能有效延迟水果的成熟和衰老。为了了解其可能的作用机制，研究人员对接种真菌病原体 Colletotrichum musae 后用 BTH 处理的香蕉（Musa spp.）果实进行了转录组学和代谢组学分析。共鉴定出 1,747 个差异表达基因（DEGs），其中 1,160 个基因在 BTH 和对照条件下上调，587 个基因下调。这些 DEGs 高度富集于与抗病性相关的代谢途径，如苯丙类生物合成、类黄酮、淀粉和蔗糖代谢。代谢组分析确定了 138 种差异积累代谢物（DAMs），其中 73 种在 BTH 和对照条件下上调，65 种下调。类黄酮是明显上调的 DAMs。转录组和代谢组分析表明，木质素生物合成和类黄酮生物合成途径通过上调 PAL、4CL、PER、CHS、FLS 和 FL3H 的表达，在 BTH 诱导的香蕉果实抗病性中发挥了重要作用。此外，WRKY 转录因子（TFs）通过介导与抗病相关的基因，如 PR1、PR1c、TLPH、PTI5 等基因，也在抗病过程中发挥了关键作用。我们的结果表明，BTH 处理显著改变了与激素信号转导、次生代谢、抗病性和关键 TFs 有关的转录本和代谢产物的表达，从而诱导了抗病性并延迟了成熟过程。对这些分子机制的深入了解也为进一步提高果实品质和抗性的遗传或化学方法提供了潜在靶标。

{"title":"Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveal the key regulator in BTH-induced fruit resistance of banana","authors":"Faiz Ur Rahman , Yulin Yao , Xiaoying Xie, Jiangping Chen, Ke Ma, Weixin Chen, Xueping Li, Xiaoyang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a plant resistance inducer that effectively delays ripening and senescence in fruits. To understand its possible mechanism, transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were performed on banana (<em>Musa</em> spp.) fruit treated with BTH after their inoculation with the fungal pathogen <em>Colletotrichum musae.</em> A total of 1,747 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 1,160 were up- and 587 downregulated between the BTH and control conditions. These DEGs were highly enriched in metabolic pathways related to disease resistance, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoids, and starch and sucrose metabolism. A metabolome analysis identified 138 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) of which 73 were upregulated and 65 downregulated between the BTH and control conditions. Flavonoids were significantly upregulated DAMs. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that the lignin biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways played important roles in the disease resistance of banana fruit induced by BTH by upregulating the expression of <em>PAL, 4CL, PER, CHS, FLS</em>, and <em>FL3H</em>. Moreover, WRKY transcription factors (TFs) also played key roles in this process of resistance by mediating genes related to disease resistance, such as <em>PR1, PR1c, TLPH, PTI5,</em> and other genes. Our results suggested that the BTH treatment significantly changed the expression of transcripts and metabolites related to the hormone signaling, secondary metabolism, disease resistance, and key TFs, which induced the disease resistance and delayed the ripening process. The insights into these molecular mechanisms also provide potential targets for genetic or chemical approaches to further enhance fruit quality and resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drought is a lesser evil than cold for photosynthesis and assimilation metabolism of maize 对于玉米的光合作用和同化代谢来说，干旱比寒冷更可怕

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100669

Kamirán Á. Hamow , Kinga Benczúr , Edit Németh, Csaba Éva, Krisztina Balla, Magda Pál, Tibor Janda, Imre Majláth

Cold is one of the abiotic environmental factors that severely affect plant metabolism. It causes changes in the fluidity of biological membranes, induces oxidative and osmotic stress, photoinhibition, reduces photosynthetic rates and slows down numerous metabolic enzyme activities. Some effects of cold overlap with drought response processes. Drought itself has a dualistic effect on plants. Severe drought stress is detrimental, while a mild preceding drought may prepare the otherwise sensitive maize to cope with cold. This study focused on the effects of mild drought on photosynthesis, sugar and amino acid metabolism at low temperature. Maize (Zea mays L.) plants were drought-hardened (15±5% relative soil moisture) between stages V4 and V6 at 25°C for 10 days and then subjected to cold treatmet at 10°C for 2 weeks at two light levels (PPFD=450 and 150 µmol m^-2 s^-1). The control population was watered daily (35±5% soil moisture), and in completely dried pots, 5±3% soil moisture was measured. The present results confirmed that photosynthetic performance and glutamine biosynthesis were positively affected by drought under both light intensities. Plants exposed to combined cold and moderate drought stress had a higher dry weight than those exposed to cold stress alone. The metabolism of several sugars, organic acids and amino acids was maintained by mild drought acclimation. The cold protective DHN2-like dehydrin gene was induced by moderate drought treatment, which may have contributed to the drought-induced higher tolerance to low temperature. However, cold stress markers were lower in low light than in normal growth light under drought acclimation, suggesting that drought-induced stress defense may require a certain level of light.

寒冷是严重影响植物新陈代谢的非生物环境因素之一。寒冷会导致生物膜的流动性发生变化、诱发氧化和渗透胁迫、光抑制、降低光合速率并减缓多种代谢酶的活动。寒冷的某些影响与干旱反应过程重叠。干旱本身对植物具有双重影响。严重的干旱胁迫是有害的，而之前的轻度干旱可能会让原本敏感的玉米做好应对寒冷的准备。本研究的重点是轻度干旱对低温下光合作用、糖和氨基酸代谢的影响。将 V4 期和 V6 期之间的玉米（Zea mays L.）植株在 25°C 下进行为期 10 天的干旱硬化（相对土壤湿度为 15±5%），然后在两种光照水平（PPFD=450 和 150 µmol m-2 s-1）下于 10°C 下进行为期 2 周的冷处理。对照组每天浇水（土壤湿度为 35±5%），在完全干燥的花盆中，测量土壤湿度为 5±3%。本研究结果证实，在两种光照强度下，光合作用和谷氨酰胺生物合成都受到干旱的积极影响。与只受到冷胁迫的植物相比，同时受到冷胁迫和中度干旱胁迫的植物干重更高。通过轻度干旱适应，几种糖类、有机酸和氨基酸的代谢得以维持。中度干旱处理诱导了类似 DHN2 的冷保护性脱水素基因，这可能是干旱诱导的较高低温耐受性的原因之一。然而，在干旱适应条件下，弱光下的冷胁迫标记低于正常生长光下的标记，这表明干旱诱导的胁迫防御可能需要一定的光照水平。

{"title":"Drought is a lesser evil than cold for photosynthesis and assimilation metabolism of maize","authors":"Kamirán Á. Hamow , Kinga Benczúr , Edit Németh, Csaba Éva, Krisztina Balla, Magda Pál, Tibor Janda, Imre Majláth","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold is one of the abiotic environmental factors that severely affect plant metabolism. It causes changes in the fluidity of biological membranes, induces oxidative and osmotic stress, photoinhibition, reduces photosynthetic rates and slows down numerous metabolic enzyme activities. Some effects of cold overlap with drought response processes. Drought itself has a dualistic effect on plants. Severe drought stress is detrimental, while a mild preceding drought may prepare the otherwise sensitive maize to cope with cold. This study focused on the effects of mild drought on photosynthesis, sugar and amino acid metabolism at low temperature. Maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) plants were drought-hardened (15±5% relative soil moisture) between stages V4 and V6 at 25°C for 10 days and then subjected to cold treatmet at 10°C for 2 weeks at two light levels (PPFD=450 and 150 µmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). The control population was watered daily (35±5% soil moisture), and in completely dried pots, 5±3% soil moisture was measured. The present results confirmed that photosynthetic performance and glutamine biosynthesis were positively affected by drought under both light intensities. Plants exposed to combined cold and moderate drought stress had a higher dry weight than those exposed to cold stress alone. The metabolism of several sugars, organic acids and amino acids was maintained by mild drought acclimation. The cold protective DHN2-like dehydrin gene was induced by moderate drought treatment, which may have contributed to the drought-induced higher tolerance to low temperature. However, cold stress markers were lower in low light than in normal growth light under drought acclimation, suggesting that drought-induced stress defense may require a certain level of light.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolite profiling in ten bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in response to drought stress 十种面包小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）基因型对干旱胁迫响应的代谢物谱分析

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100680

Makhubu FN , Mutanda M , Madala NE , Figlan S

Wheat is frequently constrained by extreme environmental conditions such as drought. Improving drought tolerance in wheat genotypes is crucial for ensuring food security, especially considering the challenges posed by climate change. To reveal the involvement of metabolites in drought response, ten diverse wheat genotypes were investigated under control and water scarcity conditions. The field experiments were set-up, using a 5 × 2 alpha lattice design, with two replicates per treatment, in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. Metabolites associated with drought tolerance were analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with a quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS). Multivariate statistical analysis (MVDA) tools, viz. principal component analysis (PCA) and the orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) loading scatter plot were used to identify the metabolites that are positively and negatively correlated to drought stress. Significant variation (p < 0.05) among genotypes was observed, with 58 metabolites annotated, including phenolic acids, carbohydrates, and fatty acids. The annotated compounds were linked to thirteen most significant pathways, with one carbon metabolism, cutin, suberin and wax synthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism being significantly affected by water stress, based on the KEGG pathway analysis. The two high-yielding wheat genotypes (LM48 and BW140) under drought stress displayed significant upregulation of key metabolites such as sinapoyl hydroxyagmatine, 7-oxostigmasterol, 1-O-caffeoyl-3-O-p-coumaroylglycerol, and 3-beta-3-lupanol, when compared to the non-stressed conditions. This study demonstrates the prospects of applied metabolomics for chemotaxonomic classification, phenotyping and selection in plant breeding, as well as potential use in crop improvement.

小麦经常受到干旱等极端环境条件的制约。特别是考虑到气候变化带来的挑战，提高小麦基因型的抗旱性对于确保粮食安全至关重要。为了揭示代谢物在干旱响应中的作用，研究人员在对照和缺水条件下对 10 种不同的小麦基因型进行了调查。田间试验在 2022 年和 2023 年生长季节进行，采用 5 × 2 α格子设计，每个处理有两个重复。采用超高效液相色谱-四重飞行时间质谱（UHPLC-qTOF-MS）分析与耐旱性相关的代谢物。使用多变量统计分析（MVDA）工具，即主成分分析（PCA）和正交投影潜结构-判别分析（OPLS-DA）负荷散点图来确定与干旱胁迫正相关和负相关的代谢物。观察到基因型之间存在显著差异（p < 0.05），共注释了 58 种代谢物，包括酚酸、碳水化合物和脂肪酸。根据 KEGG 通路分析，注释的化合物与 13 个最重要的通路相关联，其中一碳代谢、角质素、单宁和蜡的合成以及淀粉和蔗糖的代谢受水分胁迫影响显著。与非胁迫条件相比，干旱胁迫下的两个高产小麦基因型（LM48 和 BW140）的关键代谢物，如 sinapoyl hydroxyagmatine、7-oxostigmasterol、1-O-咖啡酰-3-O-p-香豆酰甘油脂和 3-beta-3-lupanol，均有显著上调。这项研究展示了应用代谢组学进行植物育种中的化学分类、表型和选择的前景，以及在作物改良中的潜在用途。

{"title":"Metabolite profiling in ten bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes in response to drought stress","authors":"Makhubu FN , Mutanda M , Madala NE , Figlan S","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wheat is frequently constrained by extreme environmental conditions such as drought. Improving drought tolerance in wheat genotypes is crucial for ensuring food security, especially considering the challenges posed by climate change. To reveal the involvement of metabolites in drought response, ten diverse wheat genotypes were investigated under control and water scarcity conditions. The field experiments were set-up, using a 5 × 2 alpha lattice design, with two replicates per treatment, in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. Metabolites associated with drought tolerance were analysed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with a quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS). Multivariate statistical analysis (MVDA) tools, viz. principal component analysis (PCA) and the orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) loading scatter plot were used to identify the metabolites that are positively and negatively correlated to drought stress. Significant variation (<em>p</em> < 0.05) among genotypes was observed, with 58 metabolites annotated, including phenolic acids, carbohydrates, and fatty acids. The annotated compounds were linked to thirteen most significant pathways, with one carbon metabolism, cutin, suberin and wax synthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism being significantly affected by water stress, based on the KEGG pathway analysis. The two high-yielding wheat genotypes (LM48 and BW140) under drought stress displayed significant upregulation of key metabolites such as sinapoyl hydroxyagmatine, 7-oxostigmasterol, 1-O-caffeoyl-3-O-p-coumaroylglycerol, and 3-beta-3-lupanol, when compared to the non-stressed conditions. This study demonstrates the prospects of applied metabolomics for chemotaxonomic classification, phenotyping and selection in plant breeding, as well as potential use in crop improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dynamic transcriptome reveals response patterns to black shank disease in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) 动态转录组揭示烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.）对黑柄病的反应模式

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Stress

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100676

Zhijun Tong , Zuoqian Fan , Tianyu Du , Dunhuang Fang , Xueyi Sui , Chuyu Ye , Qian-Hao Zhu , Longjiang Fan , Bingguang Xiao , Enhui Shen

Black shank disease, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, is one of the major causes of yield loss in tobacco production. The present study aimed to explore the dynamic transcriptome in tobacco genotypes resistant or susceptible to black shank disease and to understand the defense response of tobacco to P. nicotianae infection. Roots and stems were sampled from two resistant and two susceptible materials at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post infection and used in RNA-sequencing. Conventional approaches that identify differentially expressed genes are not the best way for handling the complex datasets, so a new method that calculates the standard deviation among samples was applied to identify transcripts with variable expression levels in roots and stems of the four materials at different time points. Of the total of 229,501 transcripts, 7,261 were found to be variable transcripts, with many of them annotated to be related to defense responses against pathogen infection. These variable transcripts showed expression patterns that varied significantly between roots and stems as well as between the resistant and the susceptible materials. Several transcripts were identified to be potential candidates for further functional characterization. Our findings provide invaluable insights into the dynamic transcriptome in defense responses of tobacco against P. nicotianae infection.

烟草黑柄病由烟草疫霉菌（Phytophthora nicotianae）引起，是烟草生产中产量损失的主要原因之一。本研究旨在探索对黑柄病具有抗性或敏感性的烟草基因型的动态转录组，并了解烟草对烟粉虱感染的防御反应。研究人员在感染后 0、12、24、48 和 72 小时分别对两种抗病材料和两种易感材料的根部和茎部进行了取样，并对其进行了 RNA 测序。传统的识别差异表达基因的方法并不是处理复杂数据集的最佳方法，因此我们采用了一种计算样本间标准偏差的新方法来识别四种材料的根和茎在不同时间点的不同表达水平的转录本。在总共 229,501 个转录本中，发现了 7,261 个可变转录本，其中许多被注释为与病原体感染的防御反应有关。这些可变转录本的表达模式在根和茎之间以及抗性材料和易感材料之间存在显著差异。有几个转录本被确定为进一步功能表征的潜在候选转录本。我们的研究结果为我们深入了解烟草对烟粉虱感染的防御反应中的动态转录组提供了宝贵的信息。

{"title":"The dynamic transcriptome reveals response patterns to black shank disease in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)","authors":"Zhijun Tong , Zuoqian Fan , Tianyu Du , Dunhuang Fang , Xueyi Sui , Chuyu Ye , Qian-Hao Zhu , Longjiang Fan , Bingguang Xiao , Enhui Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stress.2024.100676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black shank disease, caused by <em>Phytophthora nicotianae</em>, is one of the major causes of yield loss in tobacco production. The present study aimed to explore the dynamic transcriptome in tobacco genotypes resistant or susceptible to black shank disease and to understand the defense response of tobacco to <em>P. nicotianae</em> infection. Roots and stems were sampled from two resistant and two susceptible materials at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post infection and used in RNA-sequencing. Conventional approaches that identify differentially expressed genes are not the best way for handling the complex datasets, so a new method that calculates the standard deviation among samples was applied to identify transcripts with variable expression levels in roots and stems of the four materials at different time points. Of the total of 229,501 transcripts, 7,261 were found to be variable transcripts, with many of them annotated to be related to defense responses against pathogen infection. These variable transcripts showed expression patterns that varied significantly between roots and stems as well as between the resistant and the susceptible materials. Several transcripts were identified to be potential candidates for further functional characterization. Our findings provide invaluable insights into the dynamic transcriptome in defense responses of tobacco against <em>P. nicotianae</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34736,"journal":{"name":"Plant Stress","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100676"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0