Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-68-74
G. Gulomova, S. Shamansurov, D. M. Rakhmatova
Currently, activated carbon adsorbents are widely used in the world for industrial wastewater treatment from various organic compounds, sorption of heavy metal ions and life-threatening radioactive substances. Carbon adsorbents with hydrophobic properties are mainly modified based on the brown coal, coke, scape, and bark of plants. The methods of manufacturing coal adsorbents based on Angren coal, petroleum coke and asphaltenes are listed. The physicochemical composition and complete thermodynamic properties of the activated carbon adsorbent were studied. It was found that during the heat treatment of mixtures of carbonaceous raw materials, its mass is lost with increasing temperature. At the same time, the adsorption activity of iodine increases with increasing temperature. Depending on the change in temperature of the obtained carbon adsorbent samples, the calculated surface area with respect to iodine is 280.7 m2/g with a weight loss of 0.2 g. The differential heat of adsorption, isotherm, molar entropy and thermokinetics of the benzene and toluene molecules studied in the article are calculated. The adsorption of 4.5 mmol/g of benzene and 3.5 mmol/g of toluene on the activated carbon adsorbent was determined. It is noted that during the adsorption of benzene and toluene by the obtained adsorbent from activated carbon, the differential heat of reaction gradually decreases. When recalculating the isothermal adsorption of benzene and toluene on activated carbon according to the equation of the volumetric theory of micropore saturation, it was obtained that 84.5 % of benzene and 94.2 % of toluene were adsorbed on the pores of the adsorbent.
{"title":"Development of Methods for Obtaining Carbon Adsorbents Based on Angren Coal and Oil Residues","authors":"G. Gulomova, S. Shamansurov, D. M. Rakhmatova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-68-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-68-74","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, activated carbon adsorbents are widely used in the world for industrial wastewater treatment from various organic compounds, sorption of heavy metal ions and life-threatening radioactive substances. Carbon adsorbents with hydrophobic properties are mainly modified based on the brown coal, coke, scape, and bark of plants. The methods of manufacturing coal adsorbents based on Angren coal, petroleum coke and asphaltenes are listed. The physicochemical composition and complete thermodynamic properties of the activated carbon adsorbent were studied. It was found that during the heat treatment of mixtures of carbonaceous raw materials, its mass is lost with increasing temperature. At the same time, the adsorption activity of iodine increases with increasing temperature. Depending on the change in temperature of the obtained carbon adsorbent samples, the calculated surface area with respect to iodine is 280.7 m2/g with a weight loss of 0.2 g. The differential heat of adsorption, isotherm, molar entropy and thermokinetics of the benzene and toluene molecules studied in the article are calculated. The adsorption of 4.5 mmol/g of benzene and 3.5 mmol/g of toluene on the activated carbon adsorbent was determined. It is noted that during the adsorption of benzene and toluene by the obtained adsorbent from activated carbon, the differential heat of reaction gradually decreases. When recalculating the isothermal adsorption of benzene and toluene on activated carbon according to the equation of the volumetric theory of micropore saturation, it was obtained that 84.5 % of benzene and 94.2 % of toluene were adsorbed on the pores of the adsorbent.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45773507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-75-82
O. Tomarovshchenko, V. Petrova
The current level of injuries and occupational morbidity in the construction industry of the Russian Federation is assessed based on the application of a statistical research method, the essence of which is to provide comparative characteristics of a posteriori quantitative indicators. The ranking of harmful factors of the working environment and the labor process was carried out for reducing the degree of prevalence at the workplaces in construction: severity — chemical factor — biological factor — non-ionizing radiation — vibration (general and local) and tension — aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action — ionizing radiation — microclimate — noise, air ultrasound, infrasound — light medium. The regularity in distribution of accidents in the studied time interval was revealed, which consists in reducing the frequency coefficient, and the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry with persistently high rates of fatal injury to employees relative to the largest sectors of economic activity. It is established that the risk of injury for one employee during one year in the construction industry varies from 3.03·10–3 to 1.33·10–3, which is higher than the acceptable risk of 1·10–6. Thus, it is required to develop additional measures to reduce industrial injuries and the severity of the consequences of employee injury. Change in the frequency rate of occupational diseases in the studied time interval is uneven, the maximum was recorded in 2015. A survey was conducted among the employees of construction organizations in the Belgorod region, the problem was identified related to concealing the information about injuries (microtraumas, minor accidents). The implementation of the corrective and preventive measures presented in the work will allow to reduce the likelihood of identified hazards, the level of industrial injuries and occupational morbidity.
{"title":"A Posteriori Assessment of the Statistical Indicators of Occupational Injuries and Occupational Morbidity of Employees in the Construction Industry","authors":"O. Tomarovshchenko, V. Petrova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-75-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-75-82","url":null,"abstract":"The current level of injuries and occupational morbidity in the construction industry of the Russian Federation is assessed based on the application of a statistical research method, the essence of which is to provide comparative characteristics of a posteriori quantitative indicators. The ranking of harmful factors of the working environment and the labor process was carried out for reducing the degree of prevalence at the workplaces in construction: severity — chemical factor — biological factor — non-ionizing radiation — vibration (general and local) and tension — aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action — ionizing radiation — microclimate — noise, air ultrasound, infrasound — light medium. The regularity in distribution of accidents in the studied time interval was revealed, which consists in reducing the frequency coefficient, and the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry with persistently high rates of fatal injury to employees relative to the largest sectors of economic activity. It is established that the risk of injury for one employee during one year in the construction industry varies from 3.03·10–3 to 1.33·10–3, which is higher than the acceptable risk of 1·10–6. Thus, it is required to develop additional measures to reduce industrial injuries and the severity of the consequences of employee injury. Change in the frequency rate of occupational diseases in the studied time interval is uneven, the maximum was recorded in 2015. A survey was conducted among the employees of construction organizations in the Belgorod region, the problem was identified related to concealing the information about injuries (microtraumas, minor accidents). The implementation of the corrective and preventive measures presented in the work will allow to reduce the likelihood of identified hazards, the level of industrial injuries and occupational morbidity.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42907537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-7-13
V. Golovanov, A. Pekhotikov, G. I. Kryuchkov, V. Pavlov, N. Novikov
One of the main directions of research in the field of increasing the actual limits of fire resistance of steel structures is the development and implementation of fire-resistant rolled products with increased thermal stability. Fire-resistant steels are steels whose yield strength when heated to 600 °C is at least 60 % of the yield strength at 20 °C. For their wide application in construction, information is needed on the change in the strength properties of fire-resistant rolled metal products at high heating temperatures. In addition, it is required to develop a method for assessing the bearing capacity of steel structures considering the nature of the temperature distribution in their cross section. The introduction of fire-resistant steels and the proposed method of calculation will in some cases will allow to ensure the normative limit of fire resistance of load-bearing structures or reduce the cost of their fire protection. The experimental and calculated data are obtained concerning the limits of fire resistance of beams made of steel rolled metal of classes S355, S390, as well as S355P and S390P with increased heat resistance. The use of the method for calculating the fire resistance limit of bent steel structures heated from three sides considering uneven heating in the cross section, demonstrates satisfactory convergence with the experimental data for beams made of building steels, including fire-resistant ones with increased thermal stability. Various levels of static load were modeled under the influence of the temperature regime of a standard fire. The research results contribute to the introduction of new types of fire-resistant building steels for the construction of buildings from metal structures. This will increase their safety and stability in case of fire and will lead to a reduction in the construction costs.
{"title":"Features of Calculating the Fire Resistance Limit of Beams From Construction Steels","authors":"V. Golovanov, A. Pekhotikov, G. I. Kryuchkov, V. Pavlov, N. Novikov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-7-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-7-13","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main directions of research in the field of increasing the actual limits of fire resistance of steel structures is the development and implementation of fire-resistant rolled products with increased thermal stability. Fire-resistant steels are steels whose yield strength when heated to 600 °C is at least 60 % of the yield strength at 20 °C. For their wide application in construction, information is needed on the change in the strength properties of fire-resistant rolled metal products at high heating temperatures. In addition, it is required to develop a method for assessing the bearing capacity of steel structures considering the nature of the temperature distribution in their cross section. The introduction of fire-resistant steels and the proposed method of calculation will in some cases will allow to ensure the normative limit of fire resistance of load-bearing structures or reduce the cost of their fire protection. The experimental and calculated data are obtained concerning the limits of fire resistance of beams made of steel rolled metal of classes S355, S390, as well as S355P and S390P with increased heat resistance. The use of the method for calculating the fire resistance limit of bent steel structures heated from three sides considering uneven heating in the cross section, demonstrates satisfactory convergence with the experimental data for beams made of building steels, including fire-resistant ones with increased thermal stability. Various levels of static load were modeled under the influence of the temperature regime of a standard fire. The research results contribute to the introduction of new types of fire-resistant building steels for the construction of buildings from metal structures. This will increase their safety and stability in case of fire and will lead to a reduction in the construction costs.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49445570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-27-33
A. Poroshin, A. A. Kondashov, E. V. Bobrinev, E. Udavtsova
The mathematical model was developed for assessing the state of the occupational safety management system at the small enterprises. It is assessed depending on various indicators grouped into four groups. Group I included the indicators characterizing availability of the organizational documentation on occupational safety and observance of the labor rights of personnel. Group II indicators are related to the organization of training and briefings on occupational safety. Group III indicators characterize the organization of accounting for injuries, prevention of injury rate and deaths among the personnel. Group IV includes the indicators of personnel death and injury rate. The cases of group deaths and injury rate are considered, a gradation of injuries is carried out according to the severity of the damage caused. The model is based on the provisions of the theory of fuzzy sets. For each indicator that affects the state of the occupational safety system, a membership function is defined. It varies from 0 to 1 and demonstrates which values of the indicator correspond to one or another of its state in the enterprise. When evaluating the efficiency of the occupational safety system, the unequal contribution of each indicator to the final assessment is considered. To obtain it, a hierarchical construction system is used. First, generalized estimates are built for each group of indicators. Within the group, weight factors are determined that characterize the degree of influence of the corresponding indicator on the resulting assessment. The values of the weight factors are found by solving the optimization problem using the method of indefinite Lagrange multipliers. As an example, the calculation of the assessment of the state of the occupational safety management system for a small enterprise is considered. It is shown that in the presence of cases of injury or death of personnel, the assessment of its condition sharply decreases.
{"title":"Issues of Assessing the Organization of the Occupational Safety Management System in the Small Enterprises","authors":"A. Poroshin, A. A. Kondashov, E. V. Bobrinev, E. Udavtsova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-27-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-3-27-33","url":null,"abstract":"The mathematical model was developed for assessing the state of the occupational safety management system at the small enterprises. It is assessed depending on various indicators grouped into four groups. Group I included the indicators characterizing availability of the organizational documentation on occupational safety and observance of the labor rights of personnel. Group II indicators are related to the organization of training and briefings on occupational safety. Group III indicators characterize the organization of accounting for injuries, prevention of injury rate and deaths among the personnel. Group IV includes the indicators of personnel death and injury rate. The cases of group deaths and injury rate are considered, a gradation of injuries is carried out according to the severity of the damage caused. The model is based on the provisions of the theory of fuzzy sets. For each indicator that affects the state of the occupational safety system, a membership function is defined. It varies from 0 to 1 and demonstrates which values of the indicator correspond to one or another of its state in the enterprise. When evaluating the efficiency of the occupational safety system, the unequal contribution of each indicator to the final assessment is considered. To obtain it, a hierarchical construction system is used. First, generalized estimates are built for each group of indicators. Within the group, weight factors are determined that characterize the degree of influence of the corresponding indicator on the resulting assessment. The values of the weight factors are found by solving the optimization problem using the method of indefinite Lagrange multipliers. As an example, the calculation of the assessment of the state of the occupational safety management system for a small enterprise is considered. It is shown that in the presence of cases of injury or death of personnel, the assessment of its condition sharply decreases.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46024806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-76-81
K. Atabaev, L. Petrosova, M. Atabaeva
Due to their economic and productive instability, the small businesses very rarely become the objects of control by the state inspection services, in particular, in the field of ensuring occupational safety. Newly created enterprises are provided by the state with tax benefits and other types of state preferences aimed at support and development. Under various government programs, small businesses can be exempted from any inspections for up to three years. At the same time, due to concessions, the occupational safety system in these enterprises often suffers, such a superior attitude can lead to the following consequences: complete lack of understanding and responsibility for occupational safety in their organization; getting used to and subsequently ignoring the rules of occupational health and safety; gaps in knowledge in matters of ensuring the safety of their employees; increasing risks to the life and health of the employees. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that in order to eradicate the above consequences, one should start with the latter, namely, the study of risks for employees in small enterprises. The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing methods for assessing production risks for the life and health of employees and their application in small businesses entities. It is determined that the risk assessment system has improved in recent years. A large number of different methodologies and methods of risk analysis was developed and practically proven, but at the same time it was found that their use in small enterprises due to their characteristics is not always possible. As a result, a methodology was recommended for assessing production risk in the small enterprises synthesized based on other methods. This methodology considers the quantitative indicators of dangerous actions, hazardous working conditions and their ratio to the number of implemented events based on the severity of the harm caused to health. The proposed risk analysis methodology was practically tested in several small enterprises with various types of activities and confirmed its efficiency.
{"title":"Peculiarities of Occupational Risk Assessment in Small Enterprises","authors":"K. Atabaev, L. Petrosova, M. Atabaeva","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-76-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-76-81","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their economic and productive instability, the small businesses very rarely become the objects of control by the state inspection services, in particular, in the field of ensuring occupational safety. Newly created enterprises are provided by the state with tax benefits and other types of state preferences aimed at support and development. Under various government programs, small businesses can be exempted from any inspections for up to three years. At the same time, due to concessions, the occupational safety system in these enterprises often suffers, such a superior attitude can lead to the following consequences: complete lack of understanding and responsibility for occupational safety in their organization; getting used to and subsequently ignoring the rules of occupational health and safety; gaps in knowledge in matters of ensuring the safety of their employees; increasing risks to the life and health of the employees. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that in order to eradicate the above consequences, one should start with the latter, namely, the study of risks for employees in small enterprises. The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing methods for assessing production risks for the life and health of employees and their application in small businesses entities. It is determined that the risk assessment system has improved in recent years. A large number of different methodologies and methods of risk analysis was developed and practically proven, but at the same time it was found that their use in small enterprises due to their characteristics is not always possible. As a result, a methodology was recommended for assessing production risk in the small enterprises synthesized based on other methods. This methodology considers the quantitative indicators of dangerous actions, hazardous working conditions and their ratio to the number of implemented events based on the severity of the harm caused to health. The proposed risk analysis methodology was practically tested in several small enterprises with various types of activities and confirmed its efficiency.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43367273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-62-68
A. Poroshin, E. V. Bobrinev, A. A. Kondashov, E. Udavtsova
The state of fire safety at industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation in various industries is analyzed based on the study of the indicators of large fires at the industrial facilities. Most of the major fires during the analyzed period of time occurred at the enterprises of the forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries. The largest loss of life per 100 major fires was recorded in the light industry, fuel industry and construction. The lowest levels of safety (estimated by the indicator «the proportion of injured people out of the total number of people killed and injured in fires») were recorded at the light, forestry, and agricultural enterprises. It is noted that about 56 % of fires at the light and forestry enterprises occurred at small and micro-enterprises, which is much higher than the national average (on average for all the industries in Russia, large fires at small and micro-enterprises over the analyzed period amounted to 38 %). The state of ensuring fire safety of industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation of various forms of ownership is analyzed based on the study of the indicators of large fires at the industrial facilities. It is established that most of the fires during the analyzed period occurred at the private enterprises — 84 % of all large fires at the industrial facilities in Russia. An additional analysis of the state of fire safety at the industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation was carried out based on the study of the indicators of large fires at the industrial facilities by business entities. The lowest levels of safety were recorded in the microenterprises and small enterprises, which confirms the assumptions about the problems with occupational safety and health management systems in these enterprises. In this regard, the task of developing approaches to improve occupational safety management systems at these enterprises is relevant.
{"title":"Fire Safety of Industrial Enterprises Considering Various Industries, Forms of Ownership and Subjectivity","authors":"A. Poroshin, E. V. Bobrinev, A. A. Kondashov, E. Udavtsova","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-62-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-62-68","url":null,"abstract":"The state of fire safety at industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation in various industries is analyzed based on the study of the indicators of large fires at the industrial facilities. Most of the major fires during the analyzed period of time occurred at the enterprises of the forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries. The largest loss of life per 100 major fires was recorded in the light industry, fuel industry and construction. The lowest levels of safety (estimated by the indicator «the proportion of injured people out of the total number of people killed and injured in fires») were recorded at the light, forestry, and agricultural enterprises. It is noted that about 56 % of fires at the light and forestry enterprises occurred at small and micro-enterprises, which is much higher than the national average (on average for all the industries in Russia, large fires at small and micro-enterprises over the analyzed period amounted to 38 %). The state of ensuring fire safety of industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation of various forms of ownership is analyzed based on the study of the indicators of large fires at the industrial facilities. It is established that most of the fires during the analyzed period occurred at the private enterprises — 84 % of all large fires at the industrial facilities in Russia. An additional analysis of the state of fire safety at the industrial enterprises of the Russian Federation was carried out based on the study of the indicators of large fires at the industrial facilities by business entities. The lowest levels of safety were recorded in the microenterprises and small enterprises, which confirms the assumptions about the problems with occupational safety and health management systems in these enterprises. In this regard, the task of developing approaches to improve occupational safety management systems at these enterprises is relevant.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42816728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-21-27
N. V. Smirnov, A. Kazakov, V. V. Agafonov, N.P. Kopilov
Fire-extinguishing aerosol particles efficiently suppress the flame combustion but worsen evacuation conditions due to a decrease in the atmospheric transparency. After deposition, the particles create a corrosive environment. In addition, solid particles negatively affect the operation of devices moving parts and mechanisms. Removal of aerosol particles from the object is significantly difficult, especially from the closed cavities of devices, computers, etc. Known studies contain sufficiently detailed information about the fire-extinguishing ability of various formulations of an aerosol-forming composition considering the conditions for their use. Less attention is paid to the transparency study of gas media with micron-sized particles both in our country and abroad. At the same time, the study of fire extinguishing ability in relation to the transparency of the aerosol is extremely rare. Therefore, a study aimed at finding the mutual dependence of the aerosol-forming composition on the aerosol transparency is an urgent task. The article proposes a calculated dependence for calculating the transparency index of a medium with an aerosol on the concentration and average diameter of the particles, while noting the convergence of the results of calculation and experiment. All the experimental data on the transparency of fire-extinguishing aerosol correlate with the known data on the dispersion of aerosol particles, which were obtained by the laser diffraction method. In this case, the dispersion assessment was carried out in a fairly simple way without use of the sophisticated equipment. The medium transparency index and the fire-extinguishing ability of the aerosol are considered in interrelation. A series of experimental data was processed for the number of compounds of the aerosol-forming composition. As a result of data generalization, the dependence of the aerosol-forming compounds minimum extinguishing ability on the aerosol transparency in the range from zero to 100 % was obtained. It is shown that the use of aerosol filtration allows to increase the medium transparency to 50 % or more due to reducing the concentration of particles and increasing their size. For all the compounds, the mass of the aerosol-forming composition increases, the combustion of which leads to an efficient fire extinguishing and more transparent aerosol. The application of the obtained results allows to reduce the volume of fire experiments in the development of new efficient and safe aerosol-forming compositions for fire extinguishing, as well as in the study of the transparency of media with aerosol.
{"title":"Study of the Efficiency and Transparency of Fire Extinguishing Aerosols","authors":"N. V. Smirnov, A. Kazakov, V. V. Agafonov, N.P. Kopilov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-21-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-21-27","url":null,"abstract":"Fire-extinguishing aerosol particles efficiently suppress the flame combustion but worsen evacuation conditions due to a decrease in the atmospheric transparency. After deposition, the particles create a corrosive environment. In addition, solid particles negatively affect the operation of devices moving parts and mechanisms. Removal of aerosol particles from the object is significantly difficult, especially from the closed cavities of devices, computers, etc. Known studies contain sufficiently detailed information about the fire-extinguishing ability of various formulations of an aerosol-forming composition considering the conditions for their use. Less attention is paid to the transparency study of gas media with micron-sized particles both in our country and abroad. At the same time, the study of fire extinguishing ability in relation to the transparency of the aerosol is extremely rare. Therefore, a study aimed at finding the mutual dependence of the aerosol-forming composition on the aerosol transparency is an urgent task. The article proposes a calculated dependence for calculating the transparency index of a medium with an aerosol on the concentration and average diameter of the particles, while noting the convergence of the results of calculation and experiment. All the experimental data on the transparency of fire-extinguishing aerosol correlate with the known data on the dispersion of aerosol particles, which were obtained by the laser diffraction method. In this case, the dispersion assessment was carried out in a fairly simple way without use of the sophisticated equipment. The medium transparency index and the fire-extinguishing ability of the aerosol are considered in interrelation. A series of experimental data was processed for the number of compounds of the aerosol-forming composition. As a result of data generalization, the dependence of the aerosol-forming compounds minimum extinguishing ability on the aerosol transparency in the range from zero to 100 % was obtained. It is shown that the use of aerosol filtration allows to increase the medium transparency to 50 % or more due to reducing the concentration of particles and increasing their size. For all the compounds, the mass of the aerosol-forming composition increases, the combustion of which leads to an efficient fire extinguishing and more transparent aerosol. The application of the obtained results allows to reduce the volume of fire experiments in the development of new efficient and safe aerosol-forming compositions for fire extinguishing, as well as in the study of the transparency of media with aerosol.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":"184 S488","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41266672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-42-47
D. A. Kozyr
Waste dumps are the man-made wastes of the mining industry. Particles of magnesium and aluminum are part of waste dumps and emissions from their combustion. Release of the dispersed particles of these metals leads to the spread of fire on the surface of the waste dump and beyond. Assessment of the dispersed composition of magnesium and aluminum particles, their flammability and the induction period allow to predict the fire hazard of rock dumps and the surrounding area. This contributes to ensuring the environmental safety of mining agglomerations. The most probable particle sizes of its oxide were established by sedimentation analysis of metallic magnesium scale. It was experimentally determined that the maximum temperature, at which magnesium particles of any fraction do not ignite, is 983 K. When the temperature reaches 1053 K, ignition of magnesium particles of all the rock dump fractions occurs, and at 1243 K, aluminum particles. The induction period for magnesium particles 1∙10–4 m in size at a temperature of 1053 K is 0,057 s. With increasing temperature, it decreases linearly. It is established that with an increase in temperature, the particles of the fraction 4,9∙10–5 m are the first to burn. The last to flash are the smallest particles of 6∙10–6 m. During research it was found that at the fixed particle sizes, an increase in temperature leads to a rapid reduction in the induction period. Its drop is observed at temperatures close to the flammability temperatures of the particles. An increase in the mass of magnesium particles leads to an increase in the induction period.
{"title":"Assessment of the Flammability of Dispersed Components of the Mining Industry Waste","authors":"D. A. Kozyr","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-42-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-42-47","url":null,"abstract":"Waste dumps are the man-made wastes of the mining industry. Particles of magnesium and aluminum are part of waste dumps and emissions from their combustion. Release of the dispersed particles of these metals leads to the spread of fire on the surface of the waste dump and beyond. Assessment of the dispersed composition of magnesium and aluminum particles, their flammability and the induction period allow to predict the fire hazard of rock dumps and the surrounding area. This contributes to ensuring the environmental safety of mining agglomerations. The most probable particle sizes of its oxide were established by sedimentation analysis of metallic magnesium scale. It was experimentally determined that the maximum temperature, at which magnesium particles of any fraction do not ignite, is 983 K. When the temperature reaches 1053 K, ignition of magnesium particles of all the rock dump fractions occurs, and at 1243 K, aluminum particles. The induction period for magnesium particles 1∙10–4 m in size at a temperature of 1053 K is 0,057 s. With increasing temperature, it decreases linearly. It is established that with an increase in temperature, the particles of the fraction 4,9∙10–5 m are the first to burn. The last to flash are the smallest particles of 6∙10–6 m. During research it was found that at the fixed particle sizes, an increase in temperature leads to a rapid reduction in the induction period. Its drop is observed at temperatures close to the flammability temperatures of the particles. An increase in the mass of magnesium particles leads to an increase in the induction period.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44872046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-28-32
O. Cherskikh, V. S. Minakov, A. Makarov
Relevance of the study is due to a number of factors. Firstly, a typical trend in the activity of coal mines, especially newly opened ones, is an intensive increase in coal production in difficult geological and climatic conditions, while using more and more powerful mining equipment. Secondly, an important circumstance is the use of the shift method of personnel work, which causes its high turnover. These features predetermine an increase in the risk of injury to the coal mines employees. These trends are clearly manifested in the dynamically developing Solntsevo coal mine. In accordance with the general line of the Eastern Mining Company, aimed at further improving production efficiency and occupational safety, a risk management system for negative events is formed at the mine. At the first stage, the employees were introduced to the methodology for identifying hazardous production situations, which they tested in practice in their area of responsibility. The second stage continued mastering this methodology in assessing the risk of identified hazards and developing measures to eliminate them. At the third stage, the employees of the mine began to master the tools for improving the quality of workflows, which is based on an assessment of its main components: personnel, equipment, workflow, and its conditions. Each of these components, in turn, is evaluated against four components. The use of this toolkit allows to identify «narrow» links in the workflow, unsafe operations and actions, the elimination of which reduces the risks of negative events and removes obstacles to efficient work. When testing this toolkit, critical risks were identified, the factors that cause them, measures were developed and taken for implementation to ensure a systematic increase in employee safety when performing the specific operations.
{"title":"Improving the Quality of Workflows is a Means of Systematically Reducing the Risk of Injury to the Coal Mine Personnel","authors":"O. Cherskikh, V. S. Minakov, A. Makarov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-28-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-28-32","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance of the study is due to a number of factors. Firstly, a typical trend in the activity of coal mines, especially newly opened ones, is an intensive increase in coal production in difficult geological and climatic conditions, while using more and more powerful mining equipment. Secondly, an important circumstance is the use of the shift method of personnel work, which causes its high turnover. These features predetermine an increase in the risk of injury to the coal mines employees. These trends are clearly manifested in the dynamically developing Solntsevo coal mine. In accordance with the general line of the Eastern Mining Company, aimed at further improving production efficiency and occupational safety, a risk management system for negative events is formed at the mine. At the first stage, the employees were introduced to the methodology for identifying hazardous production situations, which they tested in practice in their area of responsibility. The second stage continued mastering this methodology in assessing the risk of identified hazards and developing measures to eliminate them. At the third stage, the employees of the mine began to master the tools for improving the quality of workflows, which is based on an assessment of its main components: personnel, equipment, workflow, and its conditions. Each of these components, in turn, is evaluated against four components. The use of this toolkit allows to identify «narrow» links in the workflow, unsafe operations and actions, the elimination of which reduces the risks of negative events and removes obstacles to efficient work. When testing this toolkit, critical risks were identified, the factors that cause them, measures were developed and taken for implementation to ensure a systematic increase in employee safety when performing the specific operations.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43816864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-69-75
D. Borodavkin, A. V. Zaytsev, O. Parshakov, D.S. Khokhryakov
Development of the deep deposits of minerals is inevitably associated with an increase in the temperature of the rock mass and, as a result, an increase in the air temperature in the workings. Working in such conditions reduces the productivity of labour and leads to a deterioration in health of the underground personnel. In the world practice, complex indicators of heat stress are used to accurately assess the microclimate. In the Russian Federation, the index of environmental heat load is most widely used. The article is devoted to the study of microclimatic working conditions of the underground workers of a deep polymetallic mine located in the northern part of the country. As part of the study, all the professions involved in the excavation of a preparatory dead-end development were considered. Among them: a mine foreman, load-haul-dump machine driver, stope miner, a sinker, a driller. At the same time, the microclimatic parameters were continuously monitored at the locations of employees, the heart rate of each of them was constantly recorded, and the type of work performed was also recorded. According to the research results, four out of five professions are classified as a harmful class of working conditions. The most unfavorable conditions were recorded at the sinker. This is due to the long stay of the employee in the dead end during the shift and the severity of the operations performed. The most favorable conditions were recorded for the driver of a load haul dumper, the cabin of which is equipped with an air conditioner.
{"title":"Experimental Study of Working Conditions of Underground Workers in the Heating Microclimate of a Deep Polymetallic Mine","authors":"D. Borodavkin, A. V. Zaytsev, O. Parshakov, D.S. Khokhryakov","doi":"10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-69-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2023-2-69-75","url":null,"abstract":"Development of the deep deposits of minerals is inevitably associated with an increase in the temperature of the rock mass and, as a result, an increase in the air temperature in the workings. Working in such conditions reduces the productivity of labour and leads to a deterioration in health of the underground personnel. In the world practice, complex indicators of heat stress are used to accurately assess the microclimate. In the Russian Federation, the index of environmental heat load is most widely used. The article is devoted to the study of microclimatic working conditions of the underground workers of a deep polymetallic mine located in the northern part of the country. As part of the study, all the professions involved in the excavation of a preparatory dead-end development were considered. Among them: a mine foreman, load-haul-dump machine driver, stope miner, a sinker, a driller. At the same time, the microclimatic parameters were continuously monitored at the locations of employees, the heart rate of each of them was constantly recorded, and the type of work performed was also recorded. According to the research results, four out of five professions are classified as a harmful class of working conditions. The most unfavorable conditions were recorded at the sinker. This is due to the long stay of the employee in the dead end during the shift and the severity of the operations performed. The most favorable conditions were recorded for the driver of a load haul dumper, the cabin of which is equipped with an air conditioner.","PeriodicalId":35650,"journal":{"name":"Bezopasnost'' Truda v Promyshlennosti","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44115443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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