Abeer Salih Ali, Rana Hazim Hamoode, Zena A. Khalaf, Bahaa Abdullah Lafttah Al-Rubaii
Introduction and Aim: Grave’s disease is a disease of the thyroid glands. Early diagnosis of hyperthyroidism can improve treatment and control. This study examined hyperthyroidism-related insulin hormone alterations before and after radioactive iodine 131 treatment. This study also examined how the medical condition affected these indicators. Materials and Methods: The participants in this study included 50 people who were diagnosed with Grave’s disease, as well as 23 healthy individuals as controls. Direct inquiry was used as the technique for gathering demographic information from the patients who participated in the study. The thyroid stimulating and insulin hormonal levels of each patient were recorded before and after undergoing a hypothyroidism treatment regimen of three months that consisted of a dose of radioactive iodine 131 ranging from 10 to 20 mci. Results: This research indicated a significant relation to exist between age and insulin levels among patients diagnosed with Grave’s disease. In addition, the research also demonstrated a significant association between levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and insulin hormones in patients both before and after radiation therapy. Conclusion: Insulin hormonal levels could be used as a predictor of the severity of hyperthyroidism.
{"title":"Predictive value of insulin marker before and after recovery of Grave’s disease patients","authors":"Abeer Salih Ali, Rana Hazim Hamoode, Zena A. Khalaf, Bahaa Abdullah Lafttah Al-Rubaii","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3104","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Grave’s disease is a disease of the thyroid glands. Early diagnosis of hyperthyroidism can improve treatment and control. This study examined hyperthyroidism-related insulin hormone alterations before and after radioactive iodine 131 treatment. This study also examined how the medical condition affected these indicators. Materials and Methods: The participants in this study included 50 people who were diagnosed with Grave’s disease, as well as 23 healthy individuals as controls. Direct inquiry was used as the technique for gathering demographic information from the patients who participated in the study. The thyroid stimulating and insulin hormonal levels of each patient were recorded before and after undergoing a hypothyroidism treatment regimen of three months that consisted of a dose of radioactive iodine 131 ranging from 10 to 20 mci. Results: This research indicated a significant relation to exist between age and insulin levels among patients diagnosed with Grave’s disease. In addition, the research also demonstrated a significant association between levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and insulin hormones in patients both before and after radiation therapy. Conclusion: Insulin hormonal levels could be used as a predictor of the severity of hyperthyroidism.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poojitha B. Sridara Setty, Raghavendra L.S. Hallur, Gopinath S.M.
Introduction and Aim: The qualitative evaluation of phytochemicals is the most important consideration in the evaluation of phytochemicals as biomedicines. The present study deals with qualitative assessment of phytochemical components of leaf, peel and bark extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Materials and Methods: The phytochemical components were biochemically qualitatively assessed and their profiles analyzed using TLC and HPLC techniques. Solvent extracts were prepared in methanol, chloroform, hexane, and water. The methanol leaf fraction was further subjected to LC-MS, FTIR and NMR. The identified compound in silico analyzed for inhibition towards topoisomerase I (1A36) and topoisomerase II (5GWK). Results: Methanol recovered the highest amount of phytoconstituents, specifically 2.30 g (11.5%), 2.80 g (14%) and 3.20 g (16%) for leaves, peel and bark. The methanol extract of the leaf (LE), peel (PE) and bark (BE) showed two bands in the TLC profile. On HPLC analysis LE confirmed a purity of 82.49 % with an area of 24729443 24729443 and an RT of 2.129. The PE showed a purity of 98.93% with an area of 16074171 and an RT of 2.176. The BE confirmed 99.63% purity with a range of 35396516 and an RT of 2.168. LC-MS, FTIR and NMR analysis identified the compound as Ethyl Heneicosanoate (EHO). In in silico analysis, EHO showed good binding affinity to topoisomerase I (1A36) and topoisomerase II (5GWK) with binding energies of -6.8 kcal/mol and -6.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggested that EHO may have anticancer potential and could be further explored as an anticancer drug.
{"title":"Qualitative and in silico evaluation of phytochemical constituents of leaf, peel and bark extracts of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)","authors":"Poojitha B. Sridara Setty, Raghavendra L.S. Hallur, Gopinath S.M.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3036","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: The qualitative evaluation of phytochemicals is the most important consideration in the evaluation of phytochemicals as biomedicines. The present study deals with qualitative assessment of phytochemical components of leaf, peel and bark extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Materials and Methods: The phytochemical components were biochemically qualitatively assessed and their profiles analyzed using TLC and HPLC techniques. Solvent extracts were prepared in methanol, chloroform, hexane, and water. The methanol leaf fraction was further subjected to LC-MS, FTIR and NMR. The identified compound in silico analyzed for inhibition towards topoisomerase I (1A36) and topoisomerase II (5GWK). Results: Methanol recovered the highest amount of phytoconstituents, specifically 2.30 g (11.5%), 2.80 g (14%) and 3.20 g (16%) for leaves, peel and bark. The methanol extract of the leaf (LE), peel (PE) and bark (BE) showed two bands in the TLC profile. On HPLC analysis LE confirmed a purity of 82.49 % with an area of 24729443 24729443 and an RT of 2.129. The PE showed a purity of 98.93% with an area of 16074171 and an RT of 2.176. The BE confirmed 99.63% purity with a range of 35396516 and an RT of 2.168. LC-MS, FTIR and NMR analysis identified the compound as Ethyl Heneicosanoate (EHO). In in silico analysis, EHO showed good binding affinity to topoisomerase I (1A36) and topoisomerase II (5GWK) with binding energies of -6.8 kcal/mol and -6.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggested that EHO may have anticancer potential and could be further explored as an anticancer drug.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Despite being popular, composite materials frequently degrade, and cause secondary caries in the oral cavity. Studies suggest that surface characteristics, particularly surface roughness, can impact the functionality, durability, and biofilm formation of these materials. This study was carried out to evaluate and compare the surface roughness of nano-ceramic restorative and bulk-fill flowable composite materials and their bacterial adhesion properties using Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: 16 disks of each composite type, Ceram x SphereTEC one universal nano-ceramic restorative material and SDR flow plus bulk-fill flowable material were fabricated and grouped as A and B, respectively. 2D surface roughness of the samples were recorded using Contact Profilometer. For bacterial adhesion test, samples were incubated in a culture of S. mutans overnight. Adhered bacteria were determined by spread plate technique, colonies were enumerated and reported as CFU/mL. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests helped determine normality distribution of surface roughness, and statistical significance was analysed using Independent-samples t test. Bacterial adhesion was analysed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Surface roughness values were found to be normally distributed, and the difference between the two groups was noted to be statistically significant (p<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between bacterial adhesion amongst the two materials (p>0.05). Conclusion: Surface roughness value of the nano-ceramic restorative material was lower than that of bulk-fill flowable resin material albeit, the two composites did not show a significant difference in terms of bacterial adherence.
简介与目的:复合材料虽广受欢迎，但易降解，导致口腔继发性龋病。研究表明，表面特性，特别是表面粗糙度，会影响这些材料的功能、耐久性和生物膜的形成。本研究以变形链球菌为研究对象，评价和比较了纳米陶瓷修复和填充型可流动复合材料的表面粗糙度及其细菌粘附性能。材料与方法:制备每种复合类型的16个圆盘，Ceram x SphereTEC一种通用纳米陶瓷修复材料和SDR流动加块状填充流动材料，分别分为A和B。使用接触式轮廓仪记录样品的二维表面粗糙度。为了进行细菌粘附试验，样品在变形链球菌培养物中孵育过夜。涂布平板法测定粘附菌数，计数菌落，报CFU/mL。Kolmogorov-Smirnov和Shapiro-Wilk检验确定表面粗糙度的正态分布，采用独立样本t检验分析统计显著性。采用Mann-Whitney U检验分析细菌粘附性。结果:表面粗糙度值呈正态分布，两组间差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。两种材料的细菌粘附性差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论:纳米陶瓷修复材料的表面粗糙度值低于填充型可流动树脂材料，但两种复合材料在细菌粘附方面无显著差异。
{"title":"Surface roughness and bacterial adhesion on composite materials: an in vitro comparative evaluation","authors":"Ishani Sengupta, Mamatha Ballal, Saahithya Mahesh, Shashi Rashmi Acharya","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2947","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Despite being popular, composite materials frequently degrade, and cause secondary caries in the oral cavity. Studies suggest that surface characteristics, particularly surface roughness, can impact the functionality, durability, and biofilm formation of these materials. This study was carried out to evaluate and compare the surface roughness of nano-ceramic restorative and bulk-fill flowable composite materials and their bacterial adhesion properties using Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: 16 disks of each composite type, Ceram x SphereTEC one universal nano-ceramic restorative material and SDR flow plus bulk-fill flowable material were fabricated and grouped as A and B, respectively. 2D surface roughness of the samples were recorded using Contact Profilometer. For bacterial adhesion test, samples were incubated in a culture of S. mutans overnight. Adhered bacteria were determined by spread plate technique, colonies were enumerated and reported as CFU/mL. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests helped determine normality distribution of surface roughness, and statistical significance was analysed using Independent-samples t test. Bacterial adhesion was analysed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Surface roughness values were found to be normally distributed, and the difference between the two groups was noted to be statistically significant (p<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between bacterial adhesion amongst the two materials (p>0.05). Conclusion: Surface roughness value of the nano-ceramic restorative material was lower than that of bulk-fill flowable resin material albeit, the two composites did not show a significant difference in terms of bacterial adherence.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Most studies indicate that between 10% and 45% of older people have anemia. The etiology is diverse and usually complicated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and hematological models of anemia in elderly residents of nursing homes in Kyrgyzstan's southern regions who are 60 years of age and older. Materials and Methods: A total of 223 elderly persons, including 97 (43.5%) men and 126 (56.5%) women, participated in this study at nursing facilities in the southern areas of Kyrgyzstan. The elderly persons were 77.95.18 years old on average. Results: 23.3% of the 223 older people in the study living in wards of nursing facilities in the southern areas of Kyrgyzstan were anemic. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) (50%) was the most prevalent type of anemia, followed by vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (26.7%), and anemia of chronic disease (23.1%). Both blood ferritin and serum iron levels were considerably below normal, which is common for IDA. The value of vitamin B12 in the blood, which was within the usual limits (461.0–5.73 ng/l), was also revealed, indicating IDA. Conclusion: Anemia affects quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality in elderly people.
{"title":"Patterns of clinical and biochemical studies on elderly patients with anemia in the southern regions of Kyrgyzstan","authors":"Sabirakhan Mamatova, Nazgul Karabekova, Venera Madraimova, Umutai Tazhibaeva, Taalaibek kyzy Akmaral, Mira Arstanbekova, Sagynali Mamatov, Farida Imanalieva","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3114","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Most studies indicate that between 10% and 45% of older people have anemia. The etiology is diverse and usually complicated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and hematological models of anemia in elderly residents of nursing homes in Kyrgyzstan's southern regions who are 60 years of age and older. Materials and Methods: A total of 223 elderly persons, including 97 (43.5%) men and 126 (56.5%) women, participated in this study at nursing facilities in the southern areas of Kyrgyzstan. The elderly persons were 77.95.18 years old on average. Results: 23.3% of the 223 older people in the study living in wards of nursing facilities in the southern areas of Kyrgyzstan were anemic. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) (50%) was the most prevalent type of anemia, followed by vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (26.7%), and anemia of chronic disease (23.1%). Both blood ferritin and serum iron levels were considerably below normal, which is common for IDA. The value of vitamin B12 in the blood, which was within the usual limits (461.0–5.73 ng/l), was also revealed, indicating IDA. Conclusion: Anemia affects quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality in elderly people.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Anaesthesia is a balance between adequate usage of anaesthetic drugs and the state of arousal of the patient. Inadequate dose of anaesthesia leads to increased incidence of awareness, while administration of generous drugs leads to complications such as hemodynamic instability and delayed recovery. The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of propofol auto co-induction (PP) and midazolam propofol co-induction (PM) using the priming principle among patients undergoing surgeries. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized and comparative study, recruited 80 patients who were admitted for elective surgeries was carried out after the approval from institutional ethics committee approval and the trial was registered with the clinical trial registry-India (CTRI). Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: PP group, where patients received 0.4mg/kg of propofol and PM group, where patients received 0.05mg/kg of midazolam. This was followed by propofol induction (2 mg/kg)-10mg every 15 seconds until a BIS value of 45 was attained in both groups. The collected data was assessed for the normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. A p-value greater than 0.05 (>0.05) was considered to check the normality. The Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyse parametric data and non-parametric data before and after the intervention, respectively. Results: The results depicted a significantly reduced requirement of propofol (induction dose) in the PM group. Conclusion: Pre-dosing with Midazolam significantly decreases the induction dose (propofol) requirement without affecting hemodynamic stability.
{"title":"Comparison of clinical effectiveness of propofol auto co-induction and midazolam propofol co-induction using the priming principle among patients undergoing surgeries","authors":"Chethana Chaparala, Anand Subramanian, Balamurugan Balasubramaniya","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2775","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Anaesthesia is a balance between adequate usage of anaesthetic drugs and the state of arousal of the patient. Inadequate dose of anaesthesia leads to increased incidence of awareness, while administration of generous drugs leads to complications such as hemodynamic instability and delayed recovery. The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of propofol auto co-induction (PP) and midazolam propofol co-induction (PM) using the priming principle among patients undergoing surgeries.\u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized and comparative study, recruited 80 patients who were admitted for elective surgeries was carried out after the approval from institutional ethics committee approval and the trial was registered with the clinical trial registry-India (CTRI). Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: PP group, where patients received 0.4mg/kg of propofol and PM group, where patients received 0.05mg/kg of midazolam. This was followed by propofol induction (2 mg/kg)-10mg every 15 seconds until a BIS value of 45 was attained in both groups. The collected data was assessed for the normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. A p-value greater than 0.05 (>0.05) was considered to check the normality. The Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyse parametric data and non-parametric data before and after the intervention, respectively.\u0000 \u0000Results: The results depicted a significantly reduced requirement of propofol (induction dose) in the PM group.\u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Pre-dosing with Midazolam significantly decreases the induction dose (propofol) requirement without affecting hemodynamic stability.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health crisis that has led to an urgent need for new strategies to combat bacterial infections. One promising approach is the use of natural compounds derived from plants, which have shown potential in combating pathogens. However, the efficacy of plant-based compounds can be limited by their bioavailability and the difficulty of targeting specific pathogens. The development of nano vehicles that encapsulate plant-based compounds has provided a solution to these challenges. In this article, we provide an overview of the various mechanisms by which nano-formulated plant-based compounds combat pathogens, including disruption of cell membranes, inhibition of enzyme activity, interference with quorum sensing, oxidative stress, immunomodulation, and interference with biofilm formation. We also present case studies demonstrating the efficacy of nano-formulated plant-based compounds in treating various bacterial and fungal infections, including candidiasis, tuberculosis, periodontitis, acne, and urinary tract infections. Finally, we discuss promising areas for future research and development of nano-formulated plant-based compounds, including combination therapy, synergistic effects, personalized medicine, alternative to traditional antibiotics, environmental applications, novel delivery systems, and large-scale production.
{"title":"Harnessing the power of plants: How nano-formulated plant-based compounds are revolutionizing pathogen treatment?","authors":"Suganya Kannan, Jeyakumar Balakrishnan, Mohan Sundaram","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2768","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance is a global public health crisis that has led to an urgent need for new strategies to combat bacterial infections. One promising approach is the use of natural compounds derived from plants, which have shown potential in combating pathogens. However, the efficacy of plant-based compounds can be limited by their bioavailability and the difficulty of targeting specific pathogens. The development of nano vehicles that encapsulate plant-based compounds has provided a solution to these challenges. In this article, we provide an overview of the various mechanisms by which nano-formulated plant-based compounds combat pathogens, including disruption of cell membranes, inhibition of enzyme activity, interference with quorum sensing, oxidative stress, immunomodulation, and interference with biofilm formation. We also present case studies demonstrating the efficacy of nano-formulated plant-based compounds in treating various bacterial and fungal infections, including candidiasis, tuberculosis, periodontitis, acne, and urinary tract infections. Finally, we discuss promising areas for future research and development of nano-formulated plant-based compounds, including combination therapy, synergistic effects, personalized medicine, alternative to traditional antibiotics, environmental applications, novel delivery systems, and large-scale production.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumitha A., Parthiban Brindha Devi, Vidhya Subramanian, Geetha B., Vaishnavi G.
Introduction and Aim: COVID-19(Corona viral disease) has caused morbidity and mortality across the globe. In spite of some repurposed drugs and vaccines, researchers are in search of effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Donepezil and Galantamine are acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs with pharmacological benefit in Alzheimer’s therapy. An effort has been made in this study for in silico evaluation of drugs Donepezil and Galantamine for its antiviral activity against Coronavirus. Materials and Methods: Molecular docking studies of ligands Donepezil and Galantamine were executed by using corona viral Protease (Mpro) protein as a target. Docking study was performed using Autodock 4.2.6 software. The activity of ligands depends on hydrogen bond interactions with active sites of protein of Mpro protein and docking score. Results: Docking studies reveal that the compound Donepezil is well interacted with nonpolar amino acids. The Galantamine molecule has good affinity towards the protein and reveals the docking score of -7.3 kcal/mol. The tight binding of ligands Donepezil and Galantamine to the protein of MPro will stop further replication and transcription of viral proteins. Conclusion: Ligands Donepezil and Galantamine are well engaged with the active site of the main protease (M Pro) of SARS-CoV-2. These compounds can help in novel drug identification towards Covid-19.
{"title":"In silico molecular docking studies of drugs Donepezil and Galantamine towards SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro)","authors":"Sumitha A., Parthiban Brindha Devi, Vidhya Subramanian, Geetha B., Vaishnavi G.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2646","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: COVID-19(Corona viral disease) has caused morbidity and mortality across the globe. In spite of some repurposed drugs and vaccines, researchers are in search of effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Donepezil and Galantamine are acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs with pharmacological benefit in Alzheimer’s therapy. An effort has been made in this study for in silico evaluation of drugs Donepezil and Galantamine for its antiviral activity against Coronavirus. Materials and Methods: Molecular docking studies of ligands Donepezil and Galantamine were executed by using corona viral Protease (Mpro) protein as a target. Docking study was performed using Autodock 4.2.6 software. The activity of ligands depends on hydrogen bond interactions with active sites of protein of Mpro protein and docking score. Results: Docking studies reveal that the compound Donepezil is well interacted with nonpolar amino acids. The Galantamine molecule has good affinity towards the protein and reveals the docking score of -7.3 kcal/mol. The tight binding of ligands Donepezil and Galantamine to the protein of MPro will stop further replication and transcription of viral proteins. Conclusion: Ligands Donepezil and Galantamine are well engaged with the active site of the main protease (M Pro) of SARS-CoV-2. These compounds can help in novel drug identification towards Covid-19.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shazia Neelam N., Swathi Saina, P. Senthil, Om Prakash P.
Cardiovascular illness encompasses a group of diseases affecting the blood vessels and the structure of the heart, and it remains one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. Over the years, the rate of death from cardiovascular diseases has shown a significant decline in several high-income countries, primarily due to reductions in risk factors and advancements in cardiovascular disease management. Nonetheless, the global burden of cardiovascular diseases remains substantial, with an estimated 55 million deaths occurring in 2017, out of which 17.7 million were attributed to cardiovascular disease. The focus of this review is to explore the burden of illness, risk factors, and physical activity levels in populations affected by cardiovascular diseases. Studies have identified 14 potentially modifiable risk factors that were strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality, surpassing the significance of body mass index (BMI), as evidenced by the PURE (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology) study and prior research. While cardiovascular deaths have decreased in several developed countries, there has been a significant increase in low- and middle-income countries. Physical activity has emerged as a critical factor in reducing the risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events, regardless of the type of physical activity and other risk factors. The Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG) for Americans in 2008 recommended a range of moderate and vigorous physical activity and highlighted its inverse association with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and incident CVD. Emphasizing the importance of physical activity, this low-cost approach holds tremendous potential in reducing deaths and cardiovascular diseases on a global scale. Overall, this review highlights the ongoing global challenge of cardiovascular diseases and underscores the importance of preventive measures, including promoting physical activity, to improve cardiovascular health and reduce the burden of illness worldwide.
{"title":"Burden of illness, risk factor and physical activity in cardiovascular disease- A review","authors":"Shazia Neelam N., Swathi Saina, P. Senthil, Om Prakash P.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2139","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular illness encompasses a group of diseases affecting the blood vessels and the structure of the heart, and it remains one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. Over the years, the rate of death from cardiovascular diseases has shown a significant decline in several high-income countries, primarily due to reductions in risk factors and advancements in cardiovascular disease management. Nonetheless, the global burden of cardiovascular diseases remains substantial, with an estimated 55 million deaths occurring in 2017, out of which 17.7 million were attributed to cardiovascular disease. The focus of this review is to explore the burden of illness, risk factors, and physical activity levels in populations affected by cardiovascular diseases. Studies have identified 14 potentially modifiable risk factors that were strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality, surpassing the significance of body mass index (BMI), as evidenced by the PURE (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology) study and prior research. While cardiovascular deaths have decreased in several developed countries, there has been a significant increase in low- and middle-income countries. Physical activity has emerged as a critical factor in reducing the risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events, regardless of the type of physical activity and other risk factors. The Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG) for Americans in 2008 recommended a range of moderate and vigorous physical activity and highlighted its inverse association with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and incident CVD. Emphasizing the importance of physical activity, this low-cost approach holds tremendous potential in reducing deaths and cardiovascular diseases on a global scale. Overall, this review highlights the ongoing global challenge of cardiovascular diseases and underscores the importance of preventive measures, including promoting physical activity, to improve cardiovascular health and reduce the burden of illness worldwide.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yethindra Vityala, Gulnura Turdumambetova, Jun Yi Lim, Nestan Moidunova, Elnura Usubalieva, Altynai Baitelieva, None Vipin
Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (TB) accounts for 3.5% of extrapulmonary TB cases and is associated with active or inactive pulmonary TB in 76% of cases. A 53-year-old lady with no prior history of morbidity visited our hospital's department with weakness, an inability to eat, a 39°C fever, no chills, and night sweats that had been present for about six months. Additionally, a colonoscopy revealed a mamelonated mass of a stenotic character in the ascending colon, along with minor mesenteric adenitis, on computed tomography scans of the abdomen and pelvis. The obtained specimen's histological analysis revealed histiocytes and a few large cells producing granulomas without neoplastic features. The colonic biopsy's Löwenstein-Jensen medium culture revealed development of the Mycobacterium TB complex. After receiving therapy for two months with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, followed by four months with rifampicin and isoniazid, the patient had significantly improved. The current case serves as an example of the difficulty in diagnosing GI TB. The lack of symptoms and occasionally false-positive imaging results reinforce the necessity for increased clinical suspicion.
{"title":"The diagnostic challenge of gastrointestinal tuberculosis mimicking colon cancer: A case report","authors":"Yethindra Vityala, Gulnura Turdumambetova, Jun Yi Lim, Nestan Moidunova, Elnura Usubalieva, Altynai Baitelieva, None Vipin","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3113","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (TB) accounts for 3.5% of extrapulmonary TB cases and is associated with active or inactive pulmonary TB in 76% of cases. A 53-year-old lady with no prior history of morbidity visited our hospital's department with weakness, an inability to eat, a 39°C fever, no chills, and night sweats that had been present for about six months. Additionally, a colonoscopy revealed a mamelonated mass of a stenotic character in the ascending colon, along with minor mesenteric adenitis, on computed tomography scans of the abdomen and pelvis. The obtained specimen's histological analysis revealed histiocytes and a few large cells producing granulomas without neoplastic features. The colonic biopsy's Löwenstein-Jensen medium culture revealed development of the Mycobacterium TB complex. After receiving therapy for two months with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, followed by four months with rifampicin and isoniazid, the patient had significantly improved. The current case serves as an example of the difficulty in diagnosing GI TB. The lack of symptoms and occasionally false-positive imaging results reinforce the necessity for increased clinical suspicion.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raffif Sami Mahdi, Maryam Ibrahim Salman, Rawaa AlChalabi
Introduction and Aim: Psoriasis is a skin ailment that typically affects the scalp, lower back, knees, elbows, and results in flaky skin patches. The purpose of this study was to compare cytokines, leptin, and adiponectin levels, as well as several physiological characteristics, in psoriasis patients with and without treatment to levels in healthy people in Iraq. Materials and Methods: The study included 310 subjects, males and females aged (25-65) years. The patients were attending a dermatology consultant at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from all individuals. The Sandwich ELISA was used to estimate serum levels of IL-2, IL-8, IL-22, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, ADP and Leptin. Results: Patients with psoriasis had considerably decreased lymphocyte and RBC counts while having significantly higher neutrophil, platelet, NLR, and PLR counts. WBC mean values in females and males among control groups were 7.16 ± 3.09x 103/µl and 8.6 ±3.62 x103/µl respectively. In psoriasis patients the WBC counts varied from 3.69 x103/µl to 12.8 x103/µl with a mean of 7.27 x 103/µl in female patients and from 6.47 x 103/µl to 13.62 x103/µl in males. Serum levels of cytokines, leptin and adiponectin were significantly higher in Group I patients, while in Group II it was almost like levels in the control group. Conclusion: Smoking is a risk factor for psoriasis. Lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin levels are decreased in patients with psoriasis, while platelets and cytokines are elevated, signifying a relationship between these immunological parameters and development and severity of psoriasis disease.
{"title":"Serum level of certain cytokines associated with psoriasis progression in Iraqi patients","authors":"Raffif Sami Mahdi, Maryam Ibrahim Salman, Rawaa AlChalabi","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3111","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Psoriasis is a skin ailment that typically affects the scalp, lower back, knees, elbows, and results in flaky skin patches. The purpose of this study was to compare cytokines, leptin, and adiponectin levels, as well as several physiological characteristics, in psoriasis patients with and without treatment to levels in healthy people in Iraq. Materials and Methods: The study included 310 subjects, males and females aged (25-65) years. The patients were attending a dermatology consultant at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from all individuals. The Sandwich ELISA was used to estimate serum levels of IL-2, IL-8, IL-22, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, ADP and Leptin. Results: Patients with psoriasis had considerably decreased lymphocyte and RBC counts while having significantly higher neutrophil, platelet, NLR, and PLR counts. WBC mean values in females and males among control groups were 7.16 ± 3.09x 103/µl and 8.6 ±3.62 x103/µl respectively. In psoriasis patients the WBC counts varied from 3.69 x103/µl to 12.8 x103/µl with a mean of 7.27 x 103/µl in female patients and from 6.47 x 103/µl to 13.62 x103/µl in males. Serum levels of cytokines, leptin and adiponectin were significantly higher in Group I patients, while in Group II it was almost like levels in the control group. Conclusion: Smoking is a risk factor for psoriasis. Lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin levels are decreased in patients with psoriasis, while platelets and cytokines are elevated, signifying a relationship between these immunological parameters and development and severity of psoriasis disease.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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