Introduction and Aim: In recent years research on molecular mechanisms leading to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has discovered the promising role of microRNA (miRNA) as an early biomarker for the diagnosis of the clinical state. However, there is a lack of data from the Indian population exploring the global expression of circulating miRNA using precise and sensitive methods. The aim was to identify and quantify the circulating miRNAs from biological samples of T2DM and healthy controls using the Nanostring nCounter Platform. Material and Methods: The miRNA analysis was performed using the NanoString nCounter platform. The T2DM patients within a duration of 5 to 15 years without any complications were recruited. The healthy controls were identified without any chronic diseases. The NanoString nCounter platform probes were used to detect the newly discovered miRNAs in the chosen panel of nearly 800 miRNAs. Results: Our analysis has identified many unique miRNAs that are not reported earlier such as miR -25-3p, miR451a, miR365a, miR-129-2, miR-1271, miR572, and others. Conclusion: Identification of differential patterns of circulating miRNAs could offer optimistic chances for managing T2DM diagnostically and prognostically. The specific expansion of the miRNAs to know the intercommunication among miRNAs and other genes involved in the development of T2DM must be further explored to uncover the potential role in clinical practice.
{"title":"Detection of differentially expressed circulating micro-RNA among Indians with Type 2 Diabetes using a global expression profile and systematic analysis","authors":"Sucharita Sambashivaiah, Ashwini Priyanka, Vidya Nimbalkar, Snijesh V. P., Jyothi Prabhu","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3029","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: In recent years research on molecular mechanisms leading to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has discovered the promising role of microRNA (miRNA) as an early biomarker for the diagnosis of the clinical state. However, there is a lack of data from the Indian population exploring the global expression of circulating miRNA using precise and sensitive methods. The aim was to identify and quantify the circulating miRNAs from biological samples of T2DM and healthy controls using the Nanostring nCounter Platform. Material and Methods: The miRNA analysis was performed using the NanoString nCounter platform. The T2DM patients within a duration of 5 to 15 years without any complications were recruited. The healthy controls were identified without any chronic diseases. The NanoString nCounter platform probes were used to detect the newly discovered miRNAs in the chosen panel of nearly 800 miRNAs. Results: Our analysis has identified many unique miRNAs that are not reported earlier such as miR -25-3p, miR451a, miR365a, miR-129-2, miR-1271, miR572, and others. Conclusion: Identification of differential patterns of circulating miRNAs could offer optimistic chances for managing T2DM diagnostically and prognostically. The specific expansion of the miRNAs to know the intercommunication among miRNAs and other genes involved in the development of T2DM must be further explored to uncover the potential role in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rakad M. Kh Al-Jumaily, Iman I. AL-Sheakli, Haidar J. Muhammed, Bahaa Abdullah Lafttah Al-Rubaii
Introduction and Aim: Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) are the key regulators controlling the activity of Treg cells, which are crucial for maintaining immune tolerance and reducing autoimmune reactions. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential utility of elevated levels of FOXP3 and IL-10 gene expression as a diagnostic indicator in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: The study used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to examine the expression levels of FOXP3 and IL-10 transcripts in whole blood samples from Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A group of healthy control subjects were also included in the study. Results: In blood samples taken from Iraqi patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, a statistically significant decrease (P 0.01) in the expression levels of the FOXP3 gene and a statistically significant elevation (P 0.01) of IL-10 expression were seen in contrast to the healthy control group. Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis patients in Iraq may benefit from FOXP3 and IL-10 gene expression tests. IL-10 and FOXP3 overexpression promotes T cell and immune system immunoreactivity.
{"title":"Gene expression of Interleukin-10 and Foxp3 as critical biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis patients","authors":"Rakad M. Kh Al-Jumaily, Iman I. AL-Sheakli, Haidar J. Muhammed, Bahaa Abdullah Lafttah Al-Rubaii","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3107","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) are the key regulators controlling the activity of Treg cells, which are crucial for maintaining immune tolerance and reducing autoimmune reactions. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential utility of elevated levels of FOXP3 and IL-10 gene expression as a diagnostic indicator in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: The study used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to examine the expression levels of FOXP3 and IL-10 transcripts in whole blood samples from Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A group of healthy control subjects were also included in the study. Results: In blood samples taken from Iraqi patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, a statistically significant decrease (P 0.01) in the expression levels of the FOXP3 gene and a statistically significant elevation (P 0.01) of IL-10 expression were seen in contrast to the healthy control group. Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis patients in Iraq may benefit from FOXP3 and IL-10 gene expression tests. IL-10 and FOXP3 overexpression promotes T cell and immune system immunoreactivity.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Heart failure (HF) with increased morbidity and mortality is a critical condition where the cardiac pumping capacity fails to meet up with the body’s demand. Its development is silent due to slow, progressive remodeling presenting with symptoms later. Brain Natriuretic peptides (BNP) denotes ventricular loading status which do not reveal other mechanisms whereas a novel marker Galectin-3 (Gal-3) provides information about cardiac structural changes which includes inflammation, fibrosis, remodeling for guiding treatment. Research studies demonstrated that there is upregulation of Galectin- 3 in both acute and chronic heart failure (CHF) individuals. The objectives of our study were to compare Galectin- 3 levels in moderate and severe LVD CHF patients and determine whether serum Galectin -3 can be used as an independent cardiac marker of ventricular structural remodeling in such HF individuals. Materials and Methods: 80 patients between 20 - 80 years diagnosed with CHF using Framingham criteria with ejection fraction (EF) of 45% and classified into two groups:(i) moderate LVD and (ii) severe LVD. Those with abnormal kidney functions were excluded. Comparison was done between serum Galectin - 3 and BNP; Gal- 3 was determined to be an independent marker of structural remodeling of LV between the two categories. Results: Galectin-3 and BNP were significantly increased in HF with severe LVD than moderate LVD. Multivariate linear regression showed Galectin-3 as an independent predictor of LV remodeling with respect to changes in LV end- diastolic dimension with statistically significant p 0.001 whereas BNP did not show any such significance. Conclusion: Galectin -3 and BNP levels were elevated in severe LV dysfunction than moderate LVD and concluded that Gal-3 is an independent cardiac biomarker of LV remodeling in Chronic heart failure.
{"title":"Galectin -3: an independent cardiac marker of left ventricular (LV) remodeling in chronic heart failure","authors":"Mario Leesha Fernando, Santhi Silambanan","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3343","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Heart failure (HF) with increased morbidity and mortality is a critical condition where the cardiac pumping capacity fails to meet up with the body’s demand. Its development is silent due to slow, progressive remodeling presenting with symptoms later. Brain Natriuretic peptides (BNP) denotes ventricular loading status which do not reveal other mechanisms whereas a novel marker Galectin-3 (Gal-3) provides information about cardiac structural changes which includes inflammation, fibrosis, remodeling for guiding treatment. Research studies demonstrated that there is upregulation of Galectin- 3 in both acute and chronic heart failure (CHF) individuals. The objectives of our study were to compare Galectin- 3 levels in moderate and severe LVD CHF patients and determine whether serum Galectin -3 can be used as an independent cardiac marker of ventricular structural remodeling in such HF individuals. Materials and Methods: 80 patients between 20 - 80 years diagnosed with CHF using Framingham criteria with ejection fraction (EF) of 45% and classified into two groups:(i) moderate LVD and (ii) severe LVD. Those with abnormal kidney functions were excluded. Comparison was done between serum Galectin - 3 and BNP; Gal- 3 was determined to be an independent marker of structural remodeling of LV between the two categories. Results: Galectin-3 and BNP were significantly increased in HF with severe LVD than moderate LVD. Multivariate linear regression showed Galectin-3 as an independent predictor of LV remodeling with respect to changes in LV end- diastolic dimension with statistically significant p 0.001 whereas BNP did not show any such significance. Conclusion: Galectin -3 and BNP levels were elevated in severe LV dysfunction than moderate LVD and concluded that Gal-3 is an independent cardiac biomarker of LV remodeling in Chronic heart failure.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hameedah Abdul Hussein Mohsin, Hayder A. L. Mossa, Mufeeda Ali Jawad
Introduction and Aim: Adipose tissue adipokines and cytokines impede oocyte maturation and endometrial epithelial receptivity. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5), a novel antagonist adipokine secreted by adipocytes, may have anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing actions, but data is conflicting. This study examined serum and follicular fluid Sfrp5 levels in Iraqi infertile women with varying BMIs undergoing IVF/ICSI, as well as ICSI outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study comprised 90 infertile females aged 18–45 who underwent IVF/ICSI at the High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies Centre in Baghdad, Iraq. Participants received antagonist ovarian hyperstimulation. All individuals' blood fasting sugar, serum fasting insulin, serum, and follicular fluid SFRP5 were tested on oocyte retrieval day. HOMA-IR was computed. Oocyte maturity and embryo morphology were categorized. Serum B-hCG was measured 14 days after embryo transfer. Results: A notable disparity was observed in the levels of serum and follicular Sfrp5, total oocyte count, mean metaphase II (MII), grade I, and pregnancy rate (p<0.05) among the participants categorized as normal weight, overweight, and obese. A notable disparity was observed in the average germinal vesicles (GV), grade III (GIII) embryos, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05) among patients with varying body mass index (BMI) values. The study found a positive correlation between the levels of Sfrp5 in both serum and follicular fluid and the total count of oocytes, MII oocytes, grade I embryos, and pregnancy rate. However, there was a negative correlation between Sfrp5 levels and HOMA-IR, with statistical significance at p<0.05. Conclusion: Increased BMI is associated with lower serum and follicular fluid Sfrp5, reduced total oocyte count, reduced metaphase II oocyte count, more germinal vesicle oocytes, reduced embryo quality and lower pregnancy rate. Serum and follicular fluid Sfrp5 levels are negatively correlated with HOMA-IR but positively associated with ICSI outcome.
{"title":"The impact of serum and follicular fluid secreted frizzled-related protein-5 on ICSI outcome in Iraqi infertile women with different body mass index","authors":"Hameedah Abdul Hussein Mohsin, Hayder A. L. Mossa, Mufeeda Ali Jawad","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3109","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Adipose tissue adipokines and cytokines impede oocyte maturation and endometrial epithelial receptivity. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5), a novel antagonist adipokine secreted by adipocytes, may have anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing actions, but data is conflicting. This study examined serum and follicular fluid Sfrp5 levels in Iraqi infertile women with varying BMIs undergoing IVF/ICSI, as well as ICSI outcomes. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study comprised 90 infertile females aged 18–45 who underwent IVF/ICSI at the High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies Centre in Baghdad, Iraq. Participants received antagonist ovarian hyperstimulation. All individuals' blood fasting sugar, serum fasting insulin, serum, and follicular fluid SFRP5 were tested on oocyte retrieval day. HOMA-IR was computed. Oocyte maturity and embryo morphology were categorized. Serum B-hCG was measured 14 days after embryo transfer. Results: A notable disparity was observed in the levels of serum and follicular Sfrp5, total oocyte count, mean metaphase II (MII), grade I, and pregnancy rate (p<0.05) among the participants categorized as normal weight, overweight, and obese. A notable disparity was observed in the average germinal vesicles (GV), grade III (GIII) embryos, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05) among patients with varying body mass index (BMI) values. The study found a positive correlation between the levels of Sfrp5 in both serum and follicular fluid and the total count of oocytes, MII oocytes, grade I embryos, and pregnancy rate. However, there was a negative correlation between Sfrp5 levels and HOMA-IR, with statistical significance at p<0.05. Conclusion: Increased BMI is associated with lower serum and follicular fluid Sfrp5, reduced total oocyte count, reduced metaphase II oocyte count, more germinal vesicle oocytes, reduced embryo quality and lower pregnancy rate. Serum and follicular fluid Sfrp5 levels are negatively correlated with HOMA-IR but positively associated with ICSI outcome.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Regulatory T cells (Treg) are characterized by CD25+ expression and Foxp3+ transcription factors which is a characteristic marker for these cells. This study aimed to investigate the expression of Foxp3 in patients with post-burn injuries in Baghdad, Iraq. Materials and Methods: The study samples included 38 persons divided into two groups: the first group included patients with Total Body surface area (TBSA) of burn less than 45% (TBSA 45 %), and patients with TBSA of burn more than 45 % (TBSA 45%). The control group included healthy individuals (n=10). The expression of FOXP3 and CD25 of Treg cells was measured by using flow cytometry and data obtained was statistically analyzed. Results: The result of the study showed a significant increase in Foxp3 and CD25 expression in Treg cells that were isolated from peripheral blood in patients with TBSA 45 % and TBSA 45% following day 1 and day 5 of the burn injury in contrast to the control group, and the expression level of Foxp3 was (35.674, 63.768 ,16.147) respectively after the first day of the burn, while the expression level of Foxp3 after the fifth day of the burn was (39.588, 47.275, 16.1470) respectively. Similarly, the levels of CD5 recorded for patients in TBSA 45%, TBSA45% and control group on day1 was 29.747, 43.447 and 16.793 respectively, while on day 5 it was 33.870.197 and 16.793, for the three groups, respectively. Conclusion: The increase of Foxp3 and CD25 expression in Treg cells isolated from burn patients has an important effect in enhancing the activity of Treg cells in inhibiting the immune response.
调节性T细胞(Regulatory T cells, Treg)以CD25+表达和Foxp3+转录因子为特征，Foxp3+转录因子是这些细胞的特征标记。本研究旨在研究Foxp3在伊拉克巴格达烧伤后患者中的表达。材料与方法:研究样本38人，分为两组:第一组为烧伤总体表面积小于45% (TBSA 45%)和烧伤总体表面积大于45% (TBSA 45%)的患者。对照组为健康个体(n=10)。流式细胞术检测Treg细胞FOXP3和CD25的表达，并对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果:这项研究的结果显示,Foxp3和CD25表达显著增加Treg细胞中分离出患者外周血和回溯回溯45%和45%后第一天,第五天的烧伤病人与对照组相比,和Foxp3的表达水平(35.674,63.768,16.147)分别后的第一天烧,而Foxp3的表达水平在燃烧的第五天分别为(39.588,47.275,16.1470)。同样，TBSA45%组、TBSA45%组和对照组患者在第1天的CD5水平分别为29.747、43.447和16.793，而在第5天，三组患者的CD5水平分别为33.870.197和16.793。结论:烧伤患者Treg细胞Foxp3和CD25表达的升高在增强Treg细胞活性抑制免疫应答中起重要作用。
{"title":"The expression level of FOXP3 and CD25 in Iraqi patients with post burn injuries","authors":"Zainab Thamer Showait AL-Asady","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3110","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Regulatory T cells (Treg) are characterized by CD25+ expression and Foxp3+ transcription factors which is a characteristic marker for these cells. This study aimed to investigate the expression of Foxp3 in patients with post-burn injuries in Baghdad, Iraq. Materials and Methods: The study samples included 38 persons divided into two groups: the first group included patients with Total Body surface area (TBSA) of burn less than 45% (TBSA 45 %), and patients with TBSA of burn more than 45 % (TBSA 45%). The control group included healthy individuals (n=10). The expression of FOXP3 and CD25 of Treg cells was measured by using flow cytometry and data obtained was statistically analyzed. Results: The result of the study showed a significant increase in Foxp3 and CD25 expression in Treg cells that were isolated from peripheral blood in patients with TBSA 45 % and TBSA 45% following day 1 and day 5 of the burn injury in contrast to the control group, and the expression level of Foxp3 was (35.674, 63.768 ,16.147) respectively after the first day of the burn, while the expression level of Foxp3 after the fifth day of the burn was (39.588, 47.275, 16.1470) respectively. Similarly, the levels of CD5 recorded for patients in TBSA 45%, TBSA45% and control group on day1 was 29.747, 43.447 and 16.793 respectively, while on day 5 it was 33.870.197 and 16.793, for the three groups, respectively. Conclusion: The increase of Foxp3 and CD25 expression in Treg cells isolated from burn patients has an important effect in enhancing the activity of Treg cells in inhibiting the immune response.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samyuktha Rani V., Rukmini M. S., Nandini M., Ashok Prabhu K.
Introduction and Aim: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) characterised by normal free thyroxine (FT4), “free triiodothyronine (FT3)”, and raised serum TSH, is an early stage of mild thyroid hormone deficiency. A change in the lipid profile most often observed in SCH is mainly caused by increased serum levels of Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels can be normal or elevated. Studies on small dense Low Density Lipoprotein – Cholesterol (sdLDL-C), associated with CVD risk are few. The aim of this study was to estimate serum sdLDL-C and find its correlation with thyroid profile (FT4 and TSH) and cardiometabolic risk indicators in female subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: The study had 112 female participants in total. After screening, subjects were divided into two groups. Control group (euthyroid) and study group (SCH). Age, TSH, FT4, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, sdLDL-C & Lipid ratios “(TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C”, “Log TG/ HDL-C)” were examined and compared between the two groups. Results: The correlation of sdLDL-C with TSH, FT4, lipid parameters & lipid ratios were studied. TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C were not clinically significant. While sdLDL-C and lipid ratios had a statistical decrease, it was not clinically significant. A highly significant negative association between sdLDL-C, other lipid parameters, except HDL-C, lipid ratios are observed in the study group. Conclusion: As anticipated, the current investigation did not demonstrate any statistically significant improvement in the sdLDL-C as a better predictor of CVD risk. No apparent lipid abnormalities were also seen in women, in the age group of 20-40 years as observed in the correlation studies. However, measurement of AIP along with FT4 would make a better assessment of CVD risk.
{"title":"Correlation of sdLDL-C with cardiometabolic risk indices in women with subclinical hypothyroidism– A cross-sectional study","authors":"Samyuktha Rani V., Rukmini M. S., Nandini M., Ashok Prabhu K.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3344","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) characterised by normal free thyroxine (FT4), “free triiodothyronine (FT3)”, and raised serum TSH, is an early stage of mild thyroid hormone deficiency. A change in the lipid profile most often observed in SCH is mainly caused by increased serum levels of Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels can be normal or elevated. Studies on small dense Low Density Lipoprotein – Cholesterol (sdLDL-C), associated with CVD risk are few. The aim of this study was to estimate serum sdLDL-C and find its correlation with thyroid profile (FT4 and TSH) and cardiometabolic risk indicators in female subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: The study had 112 female participants in total. After screening, subjects were divided into two groups. Control group (euthyroid) and study group (SCH). Age, TSH, FT4, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, sdLDL-C & Lipid ratios “(TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C”, “Log TG/ HDL-C)” were examined and compared between the two groups. Results: The correlation of sdLDL-C with TSH, FT4, lipid parameters & lipid ratios were studied. TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C were not clinically significant. While sdLDL-C and lipid ratios had a statistical decrease, it was not clinically significant. A highly significant negative association between sdLDL-C, other lipid parameters, except HDL-C, lipid ratios are observed in the study group. Conclusion: As anticipated, the current investigation did not demonstrate any statistically significant improvement in the sdLDL-C as a better predictor of CVD risk. No apparent lipid abnormalities were also seen in women, in the age group of 20-40 years as observed in the correlation studies. However, measurement of AIP along with FT4 would make a better assessment of CVD risk.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death and disability. The purpose of this study is to assess the neuropsychological features of cognitive alterations in men and women who have had a concussion. Materials and Methods: Patients with moderate TBI with concussion of the brain and damage duration ranging from 1–5 years were included in the study (n=136), between 19–63 years old. The following methods were chosen for the neuropsychological phase of the study: Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, 10 Words Test, Clock Drawing Test, Schulte Table Test, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. Results: In both groups, there were no difficulties in a simple choice reaction, in performing dynamic praxis, or in assessing the grasping reflex. The differences in delayed reproduction indicators were 6.5±0.19 and 6.9±0.39, significantly differing from the control group of 8.7±0.23 (P<0.001), which also indicates a cognitive deficit. During the use of the attention parameter in the Schulte Table Test, finding numbers in two groups went beyond the normal indicators of the control group. Conclusion: The revealed features of cognitive deficits were characterized by neurodynamic disorders in the form of slowing down of mental activity and insufficient concentration of attention.
{"title":"The neuropsychological aspects of cognitive alterations in men and women with concussion","authors":"Venera Kemelova, Dzhamalbek Turgumbaev, Gulina Sydykova, Gulzira Baigazhanova, Zhanara Altynbekova","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3115","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of death and disability. The purpose of this study is to assess the neuropsychological features of cognitive alterations in men and women who have had a concussion. Materials and Methods: Patients with moderate TBI with concussion of the brain and damage duration ranging from 1–5 years were included in the study (n=136), between 19–63 years old. The following methods were chosen for the neuropsychological phase of the study: Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, 10 Words Test, Clock Drawing Test, Schulte Table Test, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. Results: In both groups, there were no difficulties in a simple choice reaction, in performing dynamic praxis, or in assessing the grasping reflex. The differences in delayed reproduction indicators were 6.5±0.19 and 6.9±0.39, significantly differing from the control group of 8.7±0.23 (P<0.001), which also indicates a cognitive deficit. During the use of the attention parameter in the Schulte Table Test, finding numbers in two groups went beyond the normal indicators of the control group. Conclusion: The revealed features of cognitive deficits were characterized by neurodynamic disorders in the form of slowing down of mental activity and insufficient concentration of attention.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheryl Sarah Philipose, Sunita Hegde, Amit Kumar, Sharada Rai, Sneha J., Sandeep Gopal, Hema Kini, Chaithra G.V.
Introduction and Aim: Diagnosis of UC is challenging and calls for an integrated clinical, endoscopic, serological, and histological examination. Although inexpensive and non-invasive, endoscopic findings do not always correlate with disease activity, as demonstrated by traditional histopathological examination. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2014 and December 2019. Specimens of patients diagnosed with UC that were received in the Department of Pathology were included. An experienced pathologist assessed the histological disease activity using the Geboes score. The Mayo endoscopic subscore was recorded for endoscopic activity. Results thus obtained were entered into MS Excel and analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0. Results: Of the 123 cases of UC, (age, 14 to 74 years; males: 60.2%, females: 39.8%) majority had endoscopic findings of erythema and edema (n=20) with the least common finding being ileocolitis (n=1). Mayo subscore was available in 24 cases (ranging from 1 to 3; Mayo subscores of 1, 2, and 3 in 1, 14 and 9 cases respectively). Active colitis was noted in 78% (96/123) of the patients while the remaining 22% (27/123) of patients had inactive colitis. Only 24 cases had both Mayo subscore and Geboes score correlation. Fourteen cases had a Mayo subscore of 2 and a Geboes score ranging from 2A to 5.2; 9 cases had a Mayo subscore of 3 and a Geboes score ranging from 4.1 to 5.2. Conclusion: Assessment of histological disease activity by Geboes score provides useful information in routine reporting of biopsy specimens of cases of Ulcerative colitis
{"title":"Utility of Geboes score for assessing histological activity in ulcerative colitis","authors":"Cheryl Sarah Philipose, Sunita Hegde, Amit Kumar, Sharada Rai, Sneha J., Sandeep Gopal, Hema Kini, Chaithra G.V.","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3044","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Diagnosis of UC is challenging and calls for an integrated clinical, endoscopic, serological, and histological examination. Although inexpensive and non-invasive, endoscopic findings do not always correlate with disease activity, as demonstrated by traditional histopathological examination. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2014 and December 2019. Specimens of patients diagnosed with UC that were received in the Department of Pathology were included. An experienced pathologist assessed the histological disease activity using the Geboes score. The Mayo endoscopic subscore was recorded for endoscopic activity. Results thus obtained were entered into MS Excel and analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0. Results: Of the 123 cases of UC, (age, 14 to 74 years; males: 60.2%, females: 39.8%) majority had endoscopic findings of erythema and edema (n=20) with the least common finding being ileocolitis (n=1). Mayo subscore was available in 24 cases (ranging from 1 to 3; Mayo subscores of 1, 2, and 3 in 1, 14 and 9 cases respectively). Active colitis was noted in 78% (96/123) of the patients while the remaining 22% (27/123) of patients had inactive colitis. Only 24 cases had both Mayo subscore and Geboes score correlation. Fourteen cases had a Mayo subscore of 2 and a Geboes score ranging from 2A to 5.2; 9 cases had a Mayo subscore of 3 and a Geboes score ranging from 4.1 to 5.2. Conclusion: Assessment of histological disease activity by Geboes score provides useful information in routine reporting of biopsy specimens of cases of Ulcerative colitis","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a well-established and minimally invasive technique in the diagnosis and management of lesions of salivary gland. Literature shows a sensitivity of salivary gland cytopathology varying from 57% to 100% and a specificity varying from 90% to 100%. The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology was put forth with the idea of bringing out uniformity in reporting. Our study objectives were to classify all the lesions of salivary glands using the Milan system and to calculate the risk of malignancy for each Milan category with histology as the gold standard. Methods and Materials: This was a two-year observational, retrospective study wherein the cases were categorised using the Milan system on cytology. Cytohistologic correlation was done wherever histopathologic follow-up was available and the risk of malignancy for each category was calculated with histology as gold standard. Results: During the study period, 87 FNACs of salivary gland lesions were done. Of these, 54 cases had histopathologic follow-up. The category wise distribution of cases was as follows: 20.7%, 13.8%, 2.3%, 43.7%, 9.2%, 3.4%, and 6.9% for Milan category 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5, and 6 respectively, and the risk of malignancy was 20%, 0, 0, 3.8%, 87%, 100%, and 100% respectively. Conclusion: The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology is of great value in categorising lesions of salivary gland. This system helps cytopathologists and clinicians in better patient management as it guides in risk stratification and provides an idea of risk of malignancy.
{"title":"A two-year study on fine needle aspiration cytology of salivary gland lesions with cytohistologic correlation and application of the Milan system","authors":"Archana S. Bhat, Mathew Alisha","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.2903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.2903","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a well-established and minimally invasive technique in the diagnosis and management of lesions of salivary gland. Literature shows a sensitivity of salivary gland cytopathology varying from 57% to 100% and a specificity varying from 90% to 100%. The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology was put forth with the idea of bringing out uniformity in reporting. Our study objectives were to classify all the lesions of salivary glands using the Milan system and to calculate the risk of malignancy for each Milan category with histology as the gold standard. Methods and Materials: This was a two-year observational, retrospective study wherein the cases were categorised using the Milan system on cytology. Cytohistologic correlation was done wherever histopathologic follow-up was available and the risk of malignancy for each category was calculated with histology as gold standard. Results: During the study period, 87 FNACs of salivary gland lesions were done. Of these, 54 cases had histopathologic follow-up. The category wise distribution of cases was as follows: 20.7%, 13.8%, 2.3%, 43.7%, 9.2%, 3.4%, and 6.9% for Milan category 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5, and 6 respectively, and the risk of malignancy was 20%, 0, 0, 3.8%, 87%, 100%, and 100% respectively. Conclusion: The Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology is of great value in categorising lesions of salivary gland. This system helps cytopathologists and clinicians in better patient management as it guides in risk stratification and provides an idea of risk of malignancy.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction and Aim: COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is distinguished by the manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that play crucial roles in the innate immune system through their recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns in diverse microorganisms, including coronaviruses. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the plausible association between the TLR4 gene Asp299Gly polymorphism and the degree of infection severity among individuals who contracted COVID-19 in Baghdad, Iraq. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was carried out in Baghdad to investigate the Asp299Gly polymorphism within the TLR4 gene in a cohort of 90 patients diagnosed with Covid-19. Out of the total number of patients, 45 individuals exhibited symptoms indicative of a moderate infection, while the remaining 45 patients presented with a severe illness. The Asp299Gly polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: Genotyping for the Asp299Gly polymorphism showed only one among the 90 (1.1%) Covid-19 patients tested to be positive. No significant association was seen between covid-19 severity and Asp299Gly (P = 0·31) polymorphism. Conclusion: Our study found no association between SNP rs4986790 of TLR4 gene and COVID-19 severity among Covid-19 patients in Baghdad city.
{"title":"Association between SNP rs4986790 and COVID-19 infection severity among Baghdad patients","authors":"Marwa Fadil Jabber, Anfal Mohammed Khudhair","doi":"10.51248/.v43i4.3108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51248/.v43i4.3108","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Aim: COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is distinguished by the manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that play crucial roles in the innate immune system through their recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns in diverse microorganisms, including coronaviruses. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the plausible association between the TLR4 gene Asp299Gly polymorphism and the degree of infection severity among individuals who contracted COVID-19 in Baghdad, Iraq. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was carried out in Baghdad to investigate the Asp299Gly polymorphism within the TLR4 gene in a cohort of 90 patients diagnosed with Covid-19. Out of the total number of patients, 45 individuals exhibited symptoms indicative of a moderate infection, while the remaining 45 patients presented with a severe illness. The Asp299Gly polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: Genotyping for the Asp299Gly polymorphism showed only one among the 90 (1.1%) Covid-19 patients tested to be positive. No significant association was seen between covid-19 severity and Asp299Gly (P = 0·31) polymorphism. Conclusion: Our study found no association between SNP rs4986790 of TLR4 gene and COVID-19 severity among Covid-19 patients in Baghdad city.","PeriodicalId":35655,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine (India)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136241294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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