Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-2-6-15
S. Seryagin
The author presents an unknown drawing by N. V. Gogol, and offers a brief description of it. The honor of discovering the drawing belongs to the researcher of the Ulyanovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore Tatiana Alekseevna Gromova. Gogol's drawing was found in the handwritten memoirs of the Siberian landowner A. P. Rodionov, which do not have any artistic value, but contain a representation of some historical events. Based on the facts of Gogol's life, described by researchers, the author of the article determines the approximate date of the drawing, and also conveys its content. Gogol was returning from Germany to Russia, in Berlin he moved in with the Rodionov family, then part of the way they rode together, and the published drawing was made by the writer for A.P. Rodionov, who at that time was six years old. Due to the fact that the figure shows a building that combines architectural elements of different styles, special attention is paid to Gogol's understanding of architecture, and references are made to his article “On the Architecture of the Present Time”.
作者介绍了一幅不知名的果戈理的画，并对它作了简要的描述。发现这幅画的荣誉属于乌里扬诺夫斯克地方文化博物馆的研究人员Tatiana Alekseevna Gromova。果戈理的这幅画是在西伯利亚地主a.p. Rodionov的手写回忆录中发现的，它没有任何艺术价值，但包含了一些历史事件的代表。根据研究人员描述的果戈理的生活事实，文章的作者确定了这幅画的大致日期，并传达了它的内容。果戈理从德国返回俄罗斯，他在柏林与罗季奥诺夫一家住在一起，然后他们一起骑马，发表的这幅画是作者为A.P.罗季奥诺夫画的，当时他才六岁。由于图中展示的是一个结合了不同风格的建筑元素的建筑，所以我们特别关注果戈理对建筑的理解，并参考了他的文章“On the architecture of the Present Time”。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-2-40-61
Alexey V. Svyatoslavsky
The article is devoted to the functional role of nature images in the formation of the imaginary structure of Russian odic poetry of the 18th – early 19th centuries. Examples are taken from the odic poetry of Mikhail Lomonosov, Vasily Trediakovsky, Alexander Sumarokov, Mikhail Kheraskov, Gavrila Derzhavin, Dmitry Khvostov. An attempt was undertaken to answer two questions: the place nature images occupied in odic poetry in the era of its pride and, secondly, the possibility to find in the poetry of classicism, despite the condescending attitude towards it that developed later in the history of Russian literature, something that constituted an organic part of the Russian classics of the 19th and 20th centuries. The functional role of nature images in the odic genre is shown, which, as it seemed, by definition is alien to natural themes, being organically connected with the pathos of civic consciousness and the appeal to the themes of heroism, great personalities, and historical events. However, as it turns out in a number of cases, the very objects of nature evoke the poet's admiration as an impressive work of the Creator, in others, nature is a background that in a certain way enhances the impression of the very historical events that constitute the subject of odic poetry. The conclusion is made about a certain continuity in the depiction of nature – from odic poetry to Russian lyric poetry and prose of the 19th and 20th centuries.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-4-58-79
V. Melnik
The article is a continuation of our works devoted to I. A. Goncharov's novel trilogy (“Ordinary History”, “Oblomov”, “Cliff ”) and, at the same time, to the traditions of Dante's “Divine Comedy” in this trilogy. We are talking about the similarity of philosophical and theological attitudes (“the deification of man”), which found expression in the poetics of Dante's poem and Goncharov's novels, built into a single work. It is suggested that the early “super-task” of the writer to create a novel trilogy could have been formed under the influence of F. S. Schelling’s article “On Dante from a Philosophical Point of View”, which suggests that every major epoch can reproduce a three-part work in the spirit of the “Divine Comedy”. Especially important, in addition to the three-part structure, is the poetics of light in “Divine Comedy” and Goncharov’s novels — with a weakened attention (and almost complete absence in Goncharov’s works) of the color scheme. This feature of the poetics of the two writers seems to be connected with the deeply embedded theological meaning of their works and a single common source — the Holy Scripture.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22455/2686-7494-2023-5-2-156-167
Viktor M. Guminskiy
The author’s memoirs about meetings with P. V. Palievsky serve in the article as a material for reflection on the originality of the personality of an outstanding Russian scholar and his unique place in the scientific and social life of the USSR (Russia) of the 20th – early 21st centuries. The article testifies to numerous episodes related to work at the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University at the turn of the 1960s–1970s of the legendary seminar of Palievsky and reflects from the point of view of a not indifferent eyewitness of the speeches of the scientist and thinker during the public discussion in 1977 in the Central House of Writers and at the International Congress of Slavists in 2003 in Ljubljana (Slovenia). The author notes that Palievsky’s thought and his peculiar ideology were based on Russian classical literature and the historical life of the Russian people, and traces how, in the conditions of the “break of times,” Palievsky invariably acted as a defender of centuriesold national values and meanings.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-2-96-119
A. Gulin
The article considers the most ambitious attempts in Russian literature of the 19th century to create an epic work on the material of the Decembrist movement and the fate of its participants made by L. N. Tolstoy in the genre of novel and by N. A. Nekrasov in the genre of poem. The study of main stages of Tolstoy's work on the unfulfilled plan of the Decembrists and Nekrasov's work on the poem Grandfather and the cycle of poems “Russian Women” allows to conclude that Tolstoy and Nekrasov, creating their epic works in prose and verse, came to extremely dissimilar results. Tolstoy’s psychologically deep sketches and hot and sometimes melodramatic pathos of Nekrasov’s poems formed in many ways contrasting artistic worlds. Tolstoy's moral search in the failed novel presupposes the resolution of social contradictions in the field of a kind of “religion of feeling” and causes a grandiose “side effect” — the creation of the epic novel War and Peace. Nekrasov’s poems, following the journalism of A. I. Herzen, laid the foundations of the Decembrist myth and the cult of the Decembrists as martyrs of the revolutionary faith. The hypothesis is put forward that Tolstoy's failure to work on a novel about the Decembrists and the low artistic viability of Nekrasov's “Decembrist” poems are explained by the lack of a basis for truly epic creativity in the historical material.
本文考虑了19世纪俄罗斯文学史上最雄心勃勃的尝试，即以十二月党人运动及其参与者的命运为素材，创作一部史诗作品，这两种尝试分别是托尔斯泰(L. N. Tolstoy)和涅克拉索夫(N. A. Nekrasov)的小说和诗歌。通过对托尔斯泰关于十二月党人未完成的计划的主要阶段的研究，以及涅克拉索夫关于《祖父》和《俄罗斯妇女》系列诗歌的研究，我们可以得出这样的结论:托尔斯泰和涅克拉索夫在散文和诗歌中创作史诗作品时，产生了截然不同的结果。托尔斯泰心理上深刻的素描和涅克拉索夫诗歌中激烈的，有时是夸张的悲情，在许多方面形成了截然不同的艺术世界。在这部失败的小说中，托尔斯泰的道德探索预设了在一种“情感宗教”领域解决社会矛盾的前提，并导致了一个宏大的“副作用”——史诗小说《战争与和平》的创作。涅克拉索夫的诗歌，继a·i·赫尔岑(A. I. Herzen)的新闻报道之后，奠定了十二月党人神话和对十二月党人作为革命信仰殉道者的崇拜的基础。有一种假设认为，托尔斯泰未能创作一部关于十二月党人的小说，以及涅克拉索夫的“十二月党人”诗歌艺术生命力低下，都是由于在历史材料中缺乏真正史诗创作的基础。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-3-160-171
M. Smirnova
The article is devoted to a review of autobiographical works and the personal archive of the Russian humorous writer Nikolai Aleksandrovich Leykin. His figure traditionally attracted the attention of literary critics in connection with the work of A. P. Chekhov, whose early stories appeared in the journal Oskolki published by Leykin. At the same time, the humorist’s extensive and interesting autobiographical legacy has hardly been studied and fully published. The article provides an overview of the currently known handwritten and published autobiographical works of N. A. Leykin: memoirs, notes and diaries. A separate issue is the fate of the writer’s personal archive and the characteristics of his materials in the archives of Russia. In the cataclysms of the first half of the 20th century Leykin’s archive was dispersed and divided into three parts. By a lucky coincidence, many documents survived and entered the state archives, but some diaries and handwritten memoirs have not yet been found. The study of the extant volumes of the diaries allows us to speak about their uniqueness. In addition to being important for the scientific community, the diaries will be of interest to a wide range of readers, as they recreate the picture of the life of Russian society on the eve of cardinal changes.
这篇文章致力于回顾俄罗斯幽默作家尼古拉·亚历山德罗维奇·莱金的自传作品和个人档案。传统上，他的形象与a·p·契诃夫(A. P. Chekhov)的作品有关，吸引了文学评论家的注意，契诃夫的早期小说发表在莱金出版的《奥斯科尔基》(Oskolki)杂志上。与此同时，这位幽默家广泛而有趣的自传遗产几乎没有得到研究和充分发表。这篇文章提供了一个概述，目前已知的手写和出版的自传作品n.a.莱金:回忆录，笔记和日记。另一个问题是作家个人档案的命运和他的材料在俄罗斯档案中的特点。在20世纪上半叶的大灾难中，莱金的档案被分散，分为三部分。幸运的是，许多文件幸存下来并进入了国家档案馆，但一些日记和手写回忆录尚未被发现。对现存日记卷的研究使我们能够谈论它们的独特性。除了对科学界具有重要意义外，这些日记还将引起广大读者的兴趣，因为它们重现了俄罗斯社会在重大变革前夕的生活图景。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22455/2686-7494-2022-4-2-166-193
O. Fetisenko
The article reconstructs for the first time the creative history of the memoir essay Visiting Father John of Kronstadt by Ivan L. Leontiev (Ivan Shcheglov) on the basis of the author’s diaries and his correspondence with Sergey A. Rachinsky, Vasily P. Gorlenko, Mikhail O. Menshikov and Priest Iosif Fudel. The essay was published for the first time in 1892, during the revered canonized churchman’s lifetime. The work on this essay coincided with the time of a fundamental spiritual change in the life of a “depressed humorist” (as Ivan Shcheglov was labelled by the critic Alexey A. Izmailov) and was underway in parallel to the completion of a story denouncing Leo Tolstoy’s ideology and the Tolstoyan movement (Around the Truth) and the creation of a story about “psychopathic times” (The Soul on the Wane). Conceived as an ordinary article for the Christmas issue of the Novoe Vremia newspaper, the essay grew both in size and content and was published in the Niva magazine’s book of collected stories and articles, which was followed by a separate edition. An impetus for making the concept more elaborate was the publication of Nikolay Leskov’s story Midnight People, which contained sharp criticism of Father John and his trustees. Abstaining from an open debate with Leskov, Ivan Shcheglov sought to treat the figure of his holy contemporary “with heroic grandeur.”
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-3-52-69
Zhu Jiangang
Herzen is always presented primarily as a revolutionary aristocrat and admirer of Western Europe. However, Herzen quickly became disillusioned with the prospects for the development of European civilization, and this was understood and felt by some of his astute contemporaries. Literary critic N. N. Strakhov wrote a voluminous article “Herzen”, in which he proved that Herzen went from a desperate nihilist to an adherent of Russian cultural traditions. The author examines Strakhov’s article, analyzes the course of his reflections, dwells on the philosophical and worldview features in the works of Herzen, which the critic highlights. The article shows that Strakhov defines Herzen as the first literary man who began the struggle against the West. According to the author of the article, this statement is not only a typical case of anti-Westernism by the nationalist Strakhov, but also the starting point of self-reflection in Russian culture in the second half of the 19th century. The article also discusses in detail the impact of Strakhov’s article on criticism and academic science.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-1-134-159
During the period of rapid development of science and technology among the main representatives of Russian classical literature, only Alexander Herzen and Ivan Goncharov experienced a deep and substantive interest in the philosophy of science. For the author of “The Precipice,” this interest was associated with the main issue around which the dominant problematics of his work is concentrated: this is the question of the compatibility of scientific thinking and traditional faith. This work examines mainly one aspect of the topic: the writer's interest in natural science and, above all, in astronomy. Darwinism, with its thesis on the origin of man from ape, and astronomical discoveries that activated thoughts about life on other planets, gave rise to doubts in the mass consciousness about the established religious picture of the world. Goncharov defined his attitude to these changes long before the outbreak of the crisis of religious consciousness in the 1860s. As a conservative and deeply religious person, he took scientific progress seriously, not opposing it to religion and considering it an instrument of God's Providence for humanity. The crisis of religious consciousness in Russian society of the 19th century is regarded as the main subject of Goncharov's artistic research, which binds “A Common Story,” “Oblomov” and “The Precipice” into a trilogy.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-4-130-145
A. Skoropadskaya
In F. M. Dostoevsky’s works and working notes there are medical terms and expressions written in Latin. The article provides a textual description of these foreign language inserts and analyzes their stylistic and ideologically meaningful functions. The Latin names of diseases used by Dostoevsky denote fever, feverish states and act more as stylistic means. Terminological inserts are also used in relation to the image of a doctorresident from the story “Notes from the House of the Dead”. On one hand, the inserts mark the hero’s professional affiliation, and on the other, they graphically mark the boundaries of the prisoner’s “rest” in the hospital. The use of a Latin aphorism, which goes back to the dictum of Hippocrates, in the novel “The Adolescent” is noteworthy. It is known that Dostoevsky relied on the published protocols of the trial of N. A. Dolgushin’s secret society. One of the protocols contained the saying of Hippocrates written on the wall of Dolgushin’s room, but in Russian translation. In his working notes, Dostoevsky always writes an aphorism in Latin. This gives grounds to assume that through an appeal to the Latin primary source, the writer shows the transformation of humanistic values in modern society at the substantive and stylistic levels.
{"title":"Medical Latin of F. M. Dostoevsky","authors":"A. Skoropadskaya","doi":"10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-4-130-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2021-3-4-130-145","url":null,"abstract":"In F. M. Dostoevsky’s works and working notes there are medical terms and expressions written in Latin. The article provides a textual description of these foreign language inserts and analyzes their stylistic and ideologically meaningful functions. The Latin names of diseases used by Dostoevsky denote fever, feverish states and act more as stylistic means. Terminological inserts are also used in relation to the image of a doctorresident from the story “Notes from the House of the Dead”. On one hand, the inserts mark the hero’s professional affiliation, and on the other, they graphically mark the boundaries of the prisoner’s “rest” in the hospital. The use of a Latin aphorism, which goes back to the dictum of Hippocrates, in the novel “The Adolescent” is noteworthy. It is known that Dostoevsky relied on the published protocols of the trial of N. A. Dolgushin’s secret society. One of the protocols contained the saying of Hippocrates written on the wall of Dolgushin’s room, but in Russian translation. In his working notes, Dostoevsky always writes an aphorism in Latin. This gives grounds to assume that through an appeal to the Latin primary source, the writer shows the transformation of humanistic values in modern society at the substantive and stylistic levels.","PeriodicalId":359000,"journal":{"name":"Two centuries of the Russian classics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131699910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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