International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry最新文献

Purpose: Developmental disturbances of teeth in children with neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can significantly impact their oral health. Children with these disorders show behavior and cognitive impairment. Both the disorders are associated with environmental, genetic, and systemic factors that can impact odontogenesis. Although dental anomalies have been reported in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, the frequency and distribution of these disturbances remain insufficiently studied in children with ASD and ADHD, especially in comparison to their neurotypical peers. The study aims to determine and compare the frequency and distribution of developmental dental disturbances in children with ASD and ADHD and neurotypical children.

Materials and methods: A total of 673 children in Chennai, aged 3-13, were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographic data and oral examinations were recorded after obtaining informed consent. Statistical analysis included Chi-squared test. A p -value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Children with ASD and ADHD had a significantly higher prevalence of developmental disturbances of teeth (51.6%) compared to controls (22.6%). Anomalies such as hypodontia, peg-shaped laterals, talon's cusp, and enamel hypoplasia had higher prevalence in the case group than in the control group.

Conclusion: Developmental dental abnormalities are more prevalent in children with ASD and ADHD than in neurotypical peers. These findings emphasize the need for early dental screening and interdisciplinary management to address systemic, genetic, and environmental factors influencing odontogenesis.

How to cite this article: Shan S, Swaminathan K, Vivek K, et al. Developmental Disturbances of Teeth in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S80-S85.

Behavioral modernity is reshaping behaviors, perspectives, and expectations in pediatric dentistry, often leading to less-than-optimal experiences for children, parents, and dental professionals. This paper addresses these evolving challenges and introduces the strategic structured collaborative technique (SSCT), an innovative approach developed to enhance the pediatric dental experience. SSCT integrates evidence-based behavior guidance techniques with contemporary principles of child-centered care, parental engagement, and professional work behavior optimization. By fostering collaboration among all participants, SSCT creates a safe and supportive care environment that personalizes care to each child's needs. This dynamic approach aims to improve patient outcomes, increase parental satisfaction, and streamline the delivery of pediatric dental care.

How to cite this article: Venkatesh SP. Reimagining Pediatric Dental Behavior Guidance: Introducing the Strategic Structured Collaborative Technique. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S99-S106.

Pediatric dental anxiety continues to present a significant barrier to effective oral healthcare delivery, often necessitating pharmacological interventions or rudimentary distraction techniques. Although audiovisual (AV) aids have found widespread application in dental behavior management, their limited sensory scope often fails to create a transformative experience. This paper introduces the Conceptualized Immersive Projection Environment-Nilesh Rathi Technique (CIPE-NRT©), a novel operatory design and behavioral management approach conceptualized by Dr Nilesh Rathi. CIPE-NRT© employs panoramic ceiling and wall projections, curated soundscapes, and spatial elements to create a fully immersive and customized environment within the dental operatory. Grounded in attentional modulation and sensory integration principles, this technique aims to modulate emotional and cognitive responses in pediatric patients. Adaptable for use with both conscious and sedated children, as well as those with special healthcare needs, the CIPE-NRT© offers a noninvasive, cost-effective, and scalable alternative to traditional methods. The infrastructure, classification, ethical considerations, and potential applications beyond dentistry are discussed, along with hypothesized behavioral and physiological outcomes. This technique represents a paradigm shift toward neuroethical and emotionally intelligent pediatric dental care.

How to cite this article: Rathi N, Saha S. Conceptualized Immersive Projection Environment (CIPE-NRT^©): A Novel Immersive Projection Environment for Multisensory Modulation in Pediatric Dental Anxiety Management. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S107-S112.

Background: The ability to predict the difference between chronological age (CA) and dental age (DA) is an important aid in the accurate diagnosis and treatment planning process in the pediatric population.

Aim: To establish a dental reference data set (DRDS) of Emirati children aged between 5 and 15 years.

Materials and methods: Dental panoramic tomography (DPT) of 139 Emirati children aged 5-15 years was obtained from a retrospective case-note cross-sectional study and used to establish a DRDS. The Demirjian tooth development stages system was used to assess all the permanent teeth on the left side of the mandible.

Results: The estimated ages of both sexes tended to be higher than their chronological age, meaning that they matured early. The mean maturation score of the Emirati population was not statistically significantly different from that of the French-Canadian children. Emirati children's DA was higher compared to the Canadian standards. The mean difference between chronological age and dental age (DA-CA) was 1.21 and 0.79 years in girls and boys, respectively (p < 0.001). Using a normalization methodology, self-weighted scores were developed for Emirati girls and boys.

Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the Demirjian method was suitable for estimating the dental age in a group of Emirati children.

How to cite this article: AlHaj S, Halabi MA, Kowash M, et al. Development of a Clinical Dental Reference Data Set for Dubai Emirati Children and Adolescents Based on the Demirjian Method. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S66-S79.

Aim: This study aims to compare and evaluate parental satisfaction with three different pediatric composite resins.

Study design: This study employed both in vitro and in vivo components. In vitro, composite resin samples were restored with the respective materials and evaluated for shade matching using spectrophotometry. In vivo, parental satisfaction with the esthetic restoration of primary incisors was assessed using a feedback form.

Subjects and methods: The study involved obtaining informed consent from participants and assigning subjects to three groups. Group I consisted of 10 samples treated with Activa Kids bioactive, group II had 10 samples treated with Kedo E max, and group III included 10 samples treated with FGM Vittra unique flow. Thirty samples were collected for each of in vitro and in vivo studies. In the in vitro component, samples were restored with the respective composite materials, and shade matching was assessed using spectrophotometry. In the in vivo component, parental satisfaction was evaluated postrestoration using a feedback form.

Results and statistics: The results indicated a significant preference for Activa™ Kids Bioactive-Restorative in terms of appearance, color match, size, contour, and overall satisfaction compared to the other two composite resins. Spectrophotometric analysis showed minimal color change postrestoration with Kedo E max, followed by Activa™ Kids Bioactive-Restorative.

Conclusion: The study concluded that both Activa™ Kids Bioactive-Restorative and Kedo E max exhibited good shade-matching capabilities and overall esthetic outcomes compared to FGM Vittra APS, which is unique in restoring primary incisors. Activa™ Kids Bioactive-Restorative garnered higher parental satisfaction, while Kedo E max demonstrated superior color-matching outcomes. These findings provide valuable guidance for dentists and patients in selecting the most suitable pediatric composite resin for achieving optimal esthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction in anterior teeth restorations.

How to cite this article: Raj P, Choubey S, Doneria D, et al. Comparative Study of Esthetic Outcome of Pedo Shades of Composite Resin-A Randomized Controlled Trial: In Vivo and In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S22-S28.

Background: The commonest multifactorial disease affecting mankind is dental caries. Oral pediatric liquid medications (PLMs) are the best line of treatment for young children, as they are available in the form of syrups, suspensions, and solutions. Extended use of liquid medicines has a deleterious effect on dentition in chronic asthmatic patients, sensitive respiratory problems, and epileptic patients, along with frequent sudden conditions such as sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, tonsillitis, and otitis media, and has a deleterious effect on the dentition of young adults.

Materials and methods: The study was performed in three phases on two antiasthmatic and two antiepileptic liquid medications. Phase I: cariogenic potential of the selected PLMs was assessed using endogenous pH determination, determination of total sugar, and Streptococcus mutans growth rate. Phase II: erosive capacity of the selected PLMs was assessed using determination of viscosity, titratable acidity, buffering properties, and total soluble solids content. Phase III: erosive capacity of selected liquid medications on permanent tooth surface was assessed by scanning electron microscope-electronic dispersion X-rays and microhardness.

Results: Cariogenic and erosive potential was statistically significant in group B (antiasthmatic-omnacortil) and group C (antiepileptic-valparin).

Conclusion: Individually, it would be feasible to educate youngsters and their parents about the importance of brushing their pearly whites after every medicine they take. On the contrary, producing medicines for kids without fermentable carbohydrates at minimal expense would be a desirable health improvement strategy.

How to cite this article: Ghosh R, Dhinsa K, Rai A, et al. An In Vitro Analysis of Erosive and Cariogenic Potential of Commonly Prescribed Antiasthmatic and Antiepileptic Liquid Medications on Permanent Teeth: An SEM-EDX Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S40-S44.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the physical properties of different modifications of glass ionomer cement, namely giomer, zirconomer, and type IX glass ionomer cement (GIC) (pediatric), with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in the primary dentition in terms of their compressive strength (CS), flexural strength (FS), wear resistance, and microleakage.

Materials and methods: A total of 224 extracted human primary molars were selected and allocated into three interventions and one control group (n =14); group I: RMGIC (control group), group II: giomer, group III: zirconomer, and group IV: type IX GIC (pediatric). The samples (n = 14) were restored after making standardized class II cavities and then evaluated for CS using a universal testing machine. The evaluation for FS was done using a three-point bending test on bar-shaped tooth samples (n = 14) after restoration. To assess wear resistance, restored tooth samples (n = 14) were evaluated after being subjected to a two-body wear test. For microleakage tests, restored tooth samples (n = 14) were prepared and subjected to thermocycling after storage in distilled water for 24 hours. After applying two coats of nail varnish 1 mm short of the restorative margins, samples were sectioned buccolingually and immersed in methylene blue dye for 24 hours. The evaluation of the cut sections was done using a stereomicroscope. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: Type IX GIC (pediatric) exhibited significantly greater CS, FS, and wear resistance in primary teeth as compared to RMGIC, giomer, and zirconomer in primary teeth. However, there was no significant difference in microleakage among the tested restorative materials.

Conclusion: Primary teeth restored with type IX GIC (pediatric) exhibited superior physical properties compared to other materials tested. However, further in vitro and clinical trials with large sample sizes are recommended to validate these results.

Clinical relevance: Although GIC is the most frequently used dental material for restorative purposes in pediatric dentistry, the long-term success of conventional GIC is questionable due to suboptimal physical properties. The results of the study will help restore primary teeth with improved physical properties and long-term success.

How to cite this article: Mehta V, Srivastava N, Chaudhry SA, et al. Evaluation of the Physical Properties of Different Modifications of Glass Ionomer Dental Restorative Materials in Primary Dentition: A Comparative Ex Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(S-1):S86-S93.

Aim and background: Children and young adults frequently sustain traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) to their permanent teeth. Injury to permanent incisors is most commonly caused by a collision with an object or person and by a self-fall. Complicated crown fractures account for 2-13% of all dental injuries, in which the maxillary central incisors are most commonly affected. Anterior tooth fracture not only causes functional and esthetic problems but also has a psychological impact on the child.

Case description: A 9-year-old boy reported to the department complaining of broken teeth in the upper front tooth region while playing. Intraoral examination showed complicated crown fracture at the cervical third of teeth 11, 12, and 22, and Elli's class II fracture with tooth 21. The management consisted of calcium hydroxide apexification, followed by root canal obturation and orthodontic extrusion to provide a long-lasting and esthetic restoration. Finally, prosthetic rehabilitation was done using a fiber post and fabrication of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns. The case was reviewed for a period of 1 year, and the teeth were symptom-free, and the patient was happy with the treatment done.

Conclusion: In managing complicated crown fractures encroaching on biological width typically demands a coordinated approach, involving endodontic therapy, periodontal surgery, orthodontic movement, and restorative procedures to achieve optimal results.

Clinical significance: The present case report was intended to achieve a possible conservative treatment option following a complicated crown fracture.

How to cite this article: Hiremath MC, Srinath SK, Vidya S, et al. Comprehensive Management of Complicated Crown Fractures at the Cervical Third of Young Permanent Maxillary Incisors in a 9-year-old Boy: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1400-1403.

Background: In minimally invasive dentistry, adhesive restorative materials are widely used both as bulk restoratives and for the repair of occlusal, proximal, cervical, and multisurface cavities. These consist of conventional, modified glass ionomers, compomers, composites, and new alkasite materials. Few investigations have focused on comparing the in vitro behavior of recently developed restorative materials.

Aim: To compare and assess the microleakage and shear bond strength (SBS) of 3M ESPE Composite (Filtek Z350 XT), Kids-e-Restore, and Cention N in primary molar teeth.

Materials and methods: This experimental investigation was divided into three groups: Cention N was in group I, Kids-e-Restore was in group II, and 3M ESPE composite (Filtek Z350 XT) was in group III. Shear bond strength testing was done by a universal testing machine. The maximum load was recorded during the testing. Samples were analyzed through a stereomicroscope to evaluate bond failure mode. Dye penetration was used to assess microleakage, and a stereomicroscope was used for examination.

Results: 3M Filtek Z350XT had the highest SBS, and Cention N had the lowest. Kids-e-Restore showed the least amount of microleakage, then by Cention N and 3M Filtek Z350 XT.

Conclusion: Composite resin (3M Filtek Z350 XT) has better SBS than Cention N and flowable GIC (glass ionomer cement) (Kids-e-Restore) in primary molar teeth. Flowable GIC (Kids-e-Restore) showed less microleakage and is a good adjunct for class II restorations.

How to cite this article: Dadpe MV, Kendre UR, Kale YJ, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Three Different Restorative Materials in Primary Molar Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1349-1353.

Obturation creates a seal along the root canal, preventing fluid movement and blocking potential entry points for bacteria found between the periodontal tissues and the root canal system. Several techniques are used for obturating primary tooth canals, including tuberculin syringe, disposable injection technique, manual incremental lateral condensation, Jiffy tubes, Navi-tip, lentulo spiral (hand-held or rotary), past inject, and endodontic pressure syringe. These methods only prioritize cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and material control for successful outcomes. However, to date, no classification has been proposed for the method of material placement in the root canal. Thus, this article highlights the obturating methods in the direction of placement of material and proposes a newer classification for the criteria of obturation, which can significantly influence the success rate of the endodontic therapy.

How to cite this article: Srivastava N, Kaushik N. Obturation of Primary Teeth: Time to Redefine Objectives and Techniques. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1407-1411.