This is to differentiate indigenous chickens at different agro-ecologies based on morphometric traits using multivariate analysis. Morphometric data were collected from a total of 520 (130 male and 390 female) adult indigenous chickens. Traits scored were body weight, body length, breast circumference, wingspan, shank length, shank circumference, comb length, wattle length, earlobe length and beak length. Ten quantitative traits for both sexes were subjected to the stepwise discriminant analysis, of which four (wingspan, live body weight, shank circumference, and body length) in females and two of them (shank length, and wingspan) in males were identified as the best discriminating variables. CAN1 and CAN2 were extracted with 61.5% and 38.6% of the total variation in females, respectively and CAN1 (89.3%) and CAN2 (10.7%) of the total variation in parameters of male chicken populations. The higher classification rates were obtained in highland agroecology for female (64.7%) and midland for male (89.8%) chickens. Cross-validation with split–sample indicated that 62.7% (highland), 39% (lowland) and 59.3% (midland) success rate. The longest pairwise Mahalanobis distance was observed between midland and highland in male chickens and between lowland and highland in females, whereas the shortest distance was observed between lowland and highland in male and female chicken populations. The variations obtained in chickens of different agro-ecologies and sexes considered as opportunities for genetic improvement of indigenous chicken genetic resources, because significantly related parameters could be used as selection criterion for improving body weight of Ethiopian indigenous chickens under small scale farmers.
{"title":"Multivariate analysis of morphometric traits to differentiate the indigenous chicken reared under different Agro-ecologies of Ethiopia","authors":"B. Bekele, A. Melesse, W. Esatu, T. Dessie","doi":"10.12982/vis.2022.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2022.060","url":null,"abstract":"This is to differentiate indigenous chickens at different agro-ecologies based on morphometric traits using multivariate analysis. Morphometric data were collected from a total of 520 (130 male and 390 female) adult indigenous chickens. Traits scored were body weight, body length, breast circumference, wingspan, shank length, shank circumference, comb length, wattle length, earlobe length and beak length. Ten quantitative traits for both sexes were subjected to the stepwise discriminant analysis, of which four (wingspan, live body weight, shank circumference, and body length) in females and two of them (shank length, and wingspan) in males were identified as the best discriminating variables. CAN1 and CAN2 were extracted with 61.5% and 38.6% of the total variation in females, respectively and CAN1 (89.3%) and CAN2 (10.7%) of the total variation in parameters of male chicken populations. The higher classification rates were obtained in highland agroecology for female (64.7%) and midland for male (89.8%) chickens. Cross-validation with split–sample indicated that 62.7% (highland), 39% (lowland) and 59.3% (midland) success rate. The longest pairwise Mahalanobis distance was observed between midland and highland in male chickens and between lowland and highland in females, whereas the shortest distance was observed between lowland and highland in male and female chicken populations. The variations obtained in chickens of different agro-ecologies and sexes considered as opportunities for genetic improvement of indigenous chicken genetic resources, because significantly related parameters could be used as selection criterion for improving body weight of Ethiopian indigenous chickens under small scale farmers.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47264626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidences of obesity-associated chronic diseases are increasing worldwide. Research into the causes of obesity as well as potential treatments has highlighted the crucial role of preclinical studies using animal models. Rats are one of the most widely used species in obesity research. However, even with decades of research in both genetically obese rats and diet-induced obese rat models, definitive criteria to practically classify levels of obesity in the rat are not well established. The current study proposes new criteria modified from a 5-point body condition score (BCS) using in an animal health monitoring system and added a half-point scale to extend the range of body weight associated with subcutaneous fat deposition. The modified criteria were tested and compared with body composition from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and selected adipose tissue weights. The results showed that the modified body condition scale was highly correlated with fat deposition in the rat body, particularly the visceral and inguinal fat pads. Both pads were closely related to changes in some specific landmarks used for the scale determination. These finding should extrapolate to obese rats in other models, with the advantage that data classified in BCS can pair the animal data with human body mass index. This will enhance the value of information from preclinical studies to design and predict outcomes of subsequent human clinical trials.
{"title":"Correlation between body condition score and body composition in a rat model for obesity research","authors":"Parkpoom Siriarchavatana, M. Kruger, F. Wolber","doi":"10.12982/vis.2022.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2022.040","url":null,"abstract":"The incidences of obesity-associated chronic diseases are increasing worldwide. Research into the causes of obesity as well as potential treatments has highlighted the crucial role of preclinical studies using animal models. Rats are one of the most widely used species in obesity research. However, even with decades of research in both genetically obese rats and diet-induced obese rat models, definitive criteria to practically classify levels of obesity in the rat are not well established. The current study proposes new criteria modified from a 5-point body condition score (BCS) using in an animal health monitoring system and added a half-point scale to extend the range of body weight associated with subcutaneous fat deposition. The modified criteria were tested and compared with body composition from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans and selected adipose tissue weights. The results showed that the modified body condition scale was highly correlated with fat deposition in the rat body, particularly the visceral and inguinal fat pads. Both pads were closely related to changes in some specific landmarks used for the scale determination. These finding should extrapolate to obese rats in other models, with the advantage that data classified in BCS can pair the animal data with human body mass index. This will enhance the value of information from preclinical studies to design and predict outcomes of subsequent human clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43320758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nguyen Trong Hong Phuc, Pham Dong Hai, Phan Thanh Dat, Nguyen Thi Yen Lan, P. Hang, Dang Minh Quan Minh Quan
Balanophora latisepala has been used in traditional medicine in Vietnam for many years with both proven and unproven scientific proofs. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of B. latisepala by testing safety parameters of hot water, ethanol and methanol extracts of B. latisepala in Mus musculus. The acute toxicity was studied according to the World Health Organisations guideline for the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines. During study, a single dose of 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of each extract was orally administered to Swiss mice. To determine the median lethal dose, experimental mice were observed in behavior and mortality for 72 hours. Data of organ weight, histopathology,biochemical and hematology were also collected. The results showed that hot water, ethanol and methanol extracts at a dose of 5000 mg/kg did not induce mortality in experimental mice; therefore, LD50 is not determined. Insignificant changes were found in relative organ weight at dose 5000 mg/kg for all of the extracts. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in biochemical indices and organ histology. However, changes in hematological indices in both male and female mice were noticed. In male mice, it is likely that all B. latisepala extracts induced anemia. Moreover, clotting or bleeding abnormalities were also observed in female mice. Methanol extracts had the highest effect to hematology indices (p<0.05). Therefore, B.latisepala in different doses was shown its safety under acute toxicity studies with promising applications in drug therapy.
{"title":"Acute toxicity evaluation of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Balanophora latisepala (V.Tiegh.) Lec.","authors":"Nguyen Trong Hong Phuc, Pham Dong Hai, Phan Thanh Dat, Nguyen Thi Yen Lan, P. Hang, Dang Minh Quan Minh Quan","doi":"10.12982/vis.2022.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2022.051","url":null,"abstract":"Balanophora latisepala has been used in traditional medicine in Vietnam for many years with both proven and unproven scientific proofs. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of B. latisepala by testing safety parameters of hot water, ethanol and methanol extracts of B. latisepala in Mus musculus. The acute toxicity was studied according to the World Health Organisations guideline for the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines. During study, a single dose of 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of each extract was orally administered to Swiss mice. To determine the median lethal dose, experimental mice were observed in behavior and mortality for 72 hours. Data of organ weight, histopathology,biochemical and hematology were also collected. The results showed that hot water, ethanol and methanol extracts at a dose of 5000 mg/kg did not induce mortality in experimental mice; therefore, LD50 is not determined. Insignificant changes were found in relative organ weight at dose 5000 mg/kg for all of the extracts. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in biochemical indices and organ histology. However, changes in hematological indices in both male and female mice were noticed. In male mice, it is likely that all B. latisepala extracts induced anemia. Moreover, clotting or bleeding abnormalities were also observed in female mice. Methanol extracts had the highest effect to hematology indices (p<0.05). Therefore, B.latisepala in different doses was shown its safety under acute toxicity studies with promising applications in drug therapy.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42331726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluoxetine is an antidepressant that acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Fluoxetine has exhibited different mechanisms of action on many different cell lines. In this study, the effect of fluoxetine on cAMP production in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells under the stimulation of bovine follicle-stimulating hormone were examined. HEK cells were incubated for 60 minutes with fluoxetine at different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μM), and then cAMP accumulation, ATP level, and AMPK phosphorylation and cell viability were tested. Our results showed that fluoxetine at 25 and 50 μM attenuated cAMP levels in cells after bFSH stimulation. The depletion of cAMP at this concentration is accompanied by a decrease in ATP energy and an increased capacity to phosphorylate AMPK. As such, this study showed that fluoxetine induces a reduction in cAMP accumulation and that it is associated with the AMPK pathway in HEK cells
{"title":"Effect of fluoxetine on cyclic adenosine monophosphate response to follicle-stimulating hormone in HEK cells","authors":"TH. Nguyen, Thi Mong Diep Nguyen","doi":"10.12982/vis.2022.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2022.056","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoxetine is an antidepressant that acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Fluoxetine has exhibited different mechanisms of action on many different cell lines. In this study, the effect of fluoxetine on cAMP production in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells under the stimulation of bovine follicle-stimulating hormone were examined. HEK cells were incubated for 60 minutes with fluoxetine at different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μM), and then cAMP accumulation, ATP level, and AMPK phosphorylation and cell viability were tested. Our results showed that fluoxetine at 25 and 50 μM attenuated cAMP levels in cells after bFSH stimulation. The depletion of cAMP at this concentration is accompanied by a decrease in ATP energy and an increased capacity to phosphorylate AMPK. As such, this study showed that fluoxetine induces a reduction in cAMP accumulation and that it is associated with the AMPK pathway in HEK cells","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41986955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ratchadaporn Boripun, P. Paopradit, Jindarha Prampramote, Ruethai Narinthorn, Sutsiree Intongead, S. Sangkanu, Tanapat Narongrit, W. Mitsuwan
Piper betle L. leaves have traditionally been used to treat various infectious diseases and to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the Piper betle leaf extract against antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from pig farms located in Southern Thailand. Of this, 12 Salmonella spp. isolates were isolated from 24 pig fecal samples from 24 pig farms. The isolates were resistant to ampicillin (91.67%), penicillin (91.67%), tetracycline (81.81%), and doxycycline (81.81%). Antibacterial activity of the Piper betle ethanolic leaf extract against Salmonella spp. was carried out by disc diffusion assays, followed by Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) determination, as well as Time kill study. Piper betle extract exhibited antibacterial activity against all the isolates and S. Typhimurium with the inhibition zone ranged from 15.11 ± 0.34 to 20.30 ± 0.50 mm as observed by disc diffusion assay. The extract showed bactericidal activity against the isolates with the MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.5-1.0 mg/mL. Furthermore, the extract at 4 × MIC showed the killing activity with the reduction of the pathogen at least 3 logs within 8 h. The information suggests potential medicinal benefits of the Piper betle leaf extract to inhibit the growth of antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from pig farms.
{"title":"Bactericidal activity of Piper betle L. extract against antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from pig farms in Southern Thailand","authors":"Ratchadaporn Boripun, P. Paopradit, Jindarha Prampramote, Ruethai Narinthorn, Sutsiree Intongead, S. Sangkanu, Tanapat Narongrit, W. Mitsuwan","doi":"10.12982/vis.2022.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2022.042","url":null,"abstract":"Piper betle L. leaves have traditionally been used to treat various infectious diseases and to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the Piper betle leaf extract against antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from pig farms located in Southern Thailand. Of this, 12 Salmonella spp. isolates were isolated from 24 pig fecal samples from 24 pig farms. The isolates were resistant to ampicillin (91.67%), penicillin (91.67%), tetracycline (81.81%), and doxycycline (81.81%). Antibacterial activity of the Piper betle ethanolic leaf extract against Salmonella spp. was carried out by disc diffusion assays, followed by Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) determination, as well as Time kill study. Piper betle extract exhibited antibacterial activity against all the isolates and S. Typhimurium with the inhibition zone ranged from 15.11 ± 0.34 to 20.30 ± 0.50 mm as observed by disc diffusion assay. The extract showed bactericidal activity against the isolates with the MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.5-1.0 mg/mL. Furthermore, the extract at 4 × MIC showed the killing activity with the reduction of the pathogen at least 3 logs within 8 h. The information suggests potential medicinal benefits of the Piper betle leaf extract to inhibit the growth of antibiotic resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from pig farms.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45536224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xayngeun Phengvongsone, C. Thamrongyoswittayakul, P. Sukon, Jareerat Aimsaard, R. Mektrirat
This study was conducted to determine the in vitro antibacterial effect of an ethanolic Morus alba L. (mulberry) leaf extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitis dairy cows and against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 reference strains. The antibacterial efficacy was evaluated by a microdilution method to determine the MIC, MBC, and a time-kill assay by using azithromycin as a positive control. The data were analyzed nonparametric tests with a significance level of p<0.05. The quercetin content of the mulberry leaf extract was 83.187 ± 0.272 µg/g dried plant material, as determined by HPLC. The extract had MICs of 10, 20, 10, and 10 mg/mL and MBCs of 20, 20, 20, and 10 mg/mL for E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli ECCM62, S. aureus ATCC 25923, and S. aureus SACM62, respectively. Quercetin had relevant MIC of 10 mg/ml and MBC of 20 mg/mL to the extract for both ATCC strains. Time-kill tests showed a complete elimination of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. aureus SACM62 after a 30-min exposure to 10 and 20 mg/mL M. alba extract. E. coli ATCC 25922 and E. coli ECCM62 showed reductions of 6.8 log CFU/mL after a 360 min exposure to 40 mg/mL M. alba extract. In this study, the inhibitory effect was stronger against S. aureus than against E. coli (p<0.05). Overall, the M. alba L. extract showed appreciable in vitro antibacterial efficacy against mastitis-causing E. coli and S. aureus strains and against reference ATCC strains
{"title":"Antibacterial effect of ethanolic Morus alba Linn. leaf extract against mastitis-causing Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro","authors":"Xayngeun Phengvongsone, C. Thamrongyoswittayakul, P. Sukon, Jareerat Aimsaard, R. Mektrirat","doi":"10.12982/vis.2022.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2022.039","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the in vitro antibacterial effect of an ethanolic Morus alba L. (mulberry) leaf extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitis dairy cows and against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923 reference strains. The antibacterial efficacy was evaluated by a microdilution method to determine the MIC, MBC, and a time-kill assay by using azithromycin as a positive control. The data were analyzed nonparametric tests with a significance level of p<0.05. The quercetin content of the mulberry leaf extract was 83.187 ± 0.272 µg/g dried plant material, as determined by HPLC. The extract had MICs of 10, 20, 10, and 10 mg/mL and MBCs of 20, 20, 20, and 10 mg/mL for E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli ECCM62, S. aureus ATCC 25923, and S. aureus SACM62, respectively. Quercetin had relevant MIC of 10 mg/ml and MBC of 20 mg/mL to the extract for both ATCC strains. Time-kill tests showed a complete elimination of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. aureus SACM62 after a 30-min exposure to 10 and 20 mg/mL M. alba extract. E. coli ATCC 25922 and E. coli ECCM62 showed reductions of 6.8 log CFU/mL after a 360 min exposure to 40 mg/mL M. alba extract. In this study, the inhibitory effect was stronger against S. aureus than against E. coli (p<0.05). Overall, the M. alba L. extract showed appreciable in vitro antibacterial efficacy against mastitis-causing E. coli and S. aureus strains and against reference ATCC strains","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44305027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vanhnaly Dala, U. Pongchairerk, A. Boonsoongnern, N. Ratanavanichrojn, Pichai Jirawattanapong, Prapassorn Boonsoongnern
The skeletal muscle, which largely forms meat, constitutes most of the body mass in pigs. Growth and meat quality mainly depend on the relationship between prenatal and postnatal development. Feed additives are used in the diet of pigs to improve production efficiency. In this study, we determined the effect of feeding pregnant pigs fermented potato extract protein on the characteristics of the skeletal muscles of newborn piglets. Ten Danish gilts (Large white x Landrace) were supplemented with or without fermented potato extract protein (5 gilts each) during the gestation period. After parturition, two neonate piglets from each sow were randomly selected, and the birth weight, organ weight, morphometrics, and the characteristics of the semitendinosus muscle, including weight, length, circumference, muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA), number of total muscle fibers, number of primary fibers, number of secondary fibers, and the ratio of secondary to primary (S:P) fibers were recorded. The piglets from sows that were fed fermented potato extract protein showed a significantly higher S:P ratio (p = 0.02) than those from control sows. The weights of the body and visceral organs at birth tended to be higher in the newborn offspring of the treated sows. The supplementation with fermented potato extract protein during gestation in pigs can increase the S:P ratio, which can be used to follow changes in the hyperplasia of secondary fibers in the fetus and might also affect postnatal growth.
{"title":"Effect of feeding pregnant gilts fermented potato extract protein on the prenatal development and semitendinosus muscle characteristics of newborn piglets","authors":"Vanhnaly Dala, U. Pongchairerk, A. Boonsoongnern, N. Ratanavanichrojn, Pichai Jirawattanapong, Prapassorn Boonsoongnern","doi":"10.12982/vis.2022.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2022.048","url":null,"abstract":"The skeletal muscle, which largely forms meat, constitutes most of the body mass in pigs. Growth and meat quality mainly depend on the relationship between prenatal and postnatal development. Feed additives are used in the diet of pigs to improve production efficiency. In this study, we determined the effect of feeding pregnant pigs fermented potato extract protein on the characteristics of the skeletal muscles of newborn piglets. Ten Danish gilts (Large white x Landrace) were supplemented with or without fermented potato extract protein (5 gilts each) during the gestation period. After parturition, two neonate piglets from each sow were randomly selected, and the birth weight, organ weight, morphometrics, and the characteristics of the semitendinosus muscle, including weight, length, circumference, muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA), number of total muscle fibers, number of primary fibers, number of secondary fibers, and the ratio of secondary to primary (S:P) fibers were recorded. The piglets from sows that were fed fermented potato extract protein showed a significantly higher S:P ratio (p = 0.02) than those from control sows. The weights of the body and visceral organs at birth tended to be higher in the newborn offspring of the treated sows. The supplementation with fermented potato extract protein during gestation in pigs can increase the S:P ratio, which can be used to follow changes in the hyperplasia of secondary fibers in the fetus and might also affect postnatal growth.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47664177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prayuth Saekhow, Chayaphon Sriphannam, P. Yamsakul
Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is the causative agent of swine reproductive disease, particularly in naive gilts and sows. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of the partial nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene and to compare the substitution of amino acid residues that affect relevant biological properties. The prevalence of PPV1 was found to be 12% (12/100) when the viral genome was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Determination of the genetic diversity of a partial nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene through phylogenetic analysis indicated that a single cluster of Thai PPV1s was allocated on the phylogenetic tree. According to a comparison of the substitution of amino acid residues that affected the biological properties at 378, 383, 365, and 436 of the VP2 capsid protein between the 12 Thai PPV1s, the Kresse strain (a surrogate pathogenic strain), and the NADL-2 strain (a surrogate nonpathogenic strain). It was determined that the substitution of amino acid residues at 378, 383, and 436 of 12 Thai PPV2s was identical to those of the Kresse strains. The substitution of amino acid residues at 436 of the 12 Thai PPV1s was similar to that of a proven virulent strain in vivo. Additionally, substituting amino acid residue at 320 of the VP2 capsid protein revealed that seven Thai PPV1s were associated with isoleucine PPV1s and identical to that of both surrogate strains, whereas five Thai PPV1s were associated with threonine. This outcome was similar to what had been deposited in GenBank. Our data suggest that Thai PPV1s isolated from the ovaries of pigs raised in Chiang Mai may have originated from the Kresse strains. Based on a change of VP2 capsid protein that occurred amongst the substitution amino acid residue at 320 of the VP2 capsid protein, viruses found in this region were determined to be similar to those found in other areas. This was likely because the viruses had adapted to evade the immune systems of animals.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of porcine parvovirus 1 based on partial VP2 gene in the ovaries of Thai pigs","authors":"Prayuth Saekhow, Chayaphon Sriphannam, P. Yamsakul","doi":"10.12982/vis.2022.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2022.035","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is the causative agent of swine reproductive disease, particularly in naive gilts and sows. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of the partial nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene and to compare the substitution of amino acid residues that affect relevant biological properties. The prevalence of PPV1 was found to be 12% (12/100) when the viral genome was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Determination of the genetic diversity of a partial nucleotide sequence of the VP2 gene through phylogenetic analysis indicated that a single cluster of Thai PPV1s was allocated on the phylogenetic tree. According to a comparison of the substitution of amino acid residues that affected the biological properties at 378, 383, 365, and 436 of the VP2 capsid protein between the 12 Thai PPV1s, the Kresse strain (a surrogate pathogenic strain), and the NADL-2 strain (a surrogate nonpathogenic strain). It was determined that the substitution of amino acid residues at 378, 383, and 436 of 12 Thai PPV2s was identical to those of the Kresse strains. The substitution of amino acid residues at 436 of the 12 Thai PPV1s was similar to that of a proven virulent strain in vivo. Additionally, substituting amino acid residue at 320 of the VP2 capsid protein revealed that seven Thai PPV1s were associated with isoleucine PPV1s and identical to that of both surrogate strains, whereas five Thai PPV1s were associated with threonine. This outcome was similar to what had been deposited in GenBank. Our data suggest that Thai PPV1s isolated from the ovaries of pigs raised in Chiang Mai may have originated from the Kresse strains. Based on a change of VP2 capsid protein that occurred amongst the substitution amino acid residue at 320 of the VP2 capsid protein, viruses found in this region were determined to be similar to those found in other areas. This was likely because the viruses had adapted to evade the immune systems of animals.","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47536686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Separation Anxiety (SA) is a behavioral syndrome that may affect dogs of different ages and that is characterized by intense clinical signs. Traditional veterinary clinic efforts rely on harmful side effect drugs. Overall, homeopathy handles individual idiosyncrasies and susceptibilities and deal with them using a single medicine through the law of similarity. This study aimed to determine whether individualized homeopathic medicines have a greater effect than placebo for dogs suffering from SA or not, assessing its relation to behavioral settings, cortisol levels, and blood cells count before and after therapy. It also focused on setting a demographic profile of these dogs. Owners filled out a score questionnaire. Twenty-one dogs were recruited and repertorized in accordance to classical homeopathy. A pharmacist was responsible to randomize and dispense verum medicine or placebo. On the 30th day, reappraisal of owners were allowed altering the dispensed medicine. The final assessment occurred on the 60th day. In verum group, destructive behavior analysis had a significant statistical difference intra-group over the trial compared to the placebo group. The mean of cortisol levels in the placebo group was significantly higher on the 60th day of the trial when compared to the verum group, whose levels were sustained over the same period. Although evidenced behavioral improvements could be related to homeopathic preparations, it was not feasible to set any connection between homeopathic interventions, behavioral issues, and plasma components
{"title":"Homeopathic preparations and separation anxiety in dogs: a pilot study","authors":"Adalberto von Ancken, G. Peres, C. Coelho","doi":"10.12982/vis.2022.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2022.034","url":null,"abstract":"Separation Anxiety (SA) is a behavioral syndrome that may affect dogs of different ages and that is characterized by intense clinical signs. Traditional veterinary clinic efforts rely on harmful side effect drugs. Overall, homeopathy handles individual idiosyncrasies and susceptibilities and deal with them using a single medicine through the law of similarity. This study aimed to determine whether individualized homeopathic medicines have a greater effect than placebo for dogs suffering from SA or not, assessing its relation to behavioral settings, cortisol levels, and blood cells count before and after therapy. It also focused on setting a demographic profile of these dogs. Owners filled out a score questionnaire. Twenty-one dogs were recruited and repertorized in accordance to classical homeopathy. A pharmacist was responsible to randomize and dispense verum medicine or placebo. On the 30th day, reappraisal of owners were allowed altering the dispensed medicine. The final assessment occurred on the 60th day. In verum group, destructive behavior analysis had a significant statistical difference intra-group over the trial compared to the placebo group. The mean of cortisol levels in the placebo group was significantly higher on the 60th day of the trial when compared to the verum group, whose levels were sustained over the same period. Although evidenced behavioral improvements could be related to homeopathic preparations, it was not feasible to set any connection between homeopathic interventions, behavioral issues, and plasma components","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47321310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Akter, Farah Zereen, M. Islam, M. Sobur, Md. Ismail Hossen, M. P. Siddique, Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain, M. Rahman
Many of the Vibrio spp. are major public health concerns globally. Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are the etiology of pandemic and epidemic diarrhea and foodborne illness, respectively. Poultry has the potential to harbor pathogenic Vibrio spp., which can have a detrimental impact on public health if they are transmitted to humans. We, therefore, screened 54 cloacal swab samples from healthy chickens (broiler=27, backyard= 27) to detect V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. Vibrio spp. were isolated and identified by culturing, biochemical tests, PCR, and antibiogram profiles were determined by disk diffusion method. By PCR, 29.63% (16/54; 95% CI: 19.14-42.83%) samples were positive for Vibrio spp., where backyard chickens had a significantly higher (p< 0.05) occurrence (44.44%; 27.59-62.69%) than broilers (14.82%; 95% CI: 5.92-32.48%). V. parahaemolyticus was found in 22.22% (6/27; 95% CI: 10.61-40.76%) of backyard chicken samples, which was significantly dominant (p< 0.05) than in broilers (0/27, 0%, 95% CI: 0.00-12.46%). In addition, V. cholerae was positive in 7.41% (2/27; 95% CI: 1.32-23.37%) of broiler, and 14.82% (4/27; 95% CI: 5.92-32.48%) of backyard chicken samples. The toxR gene was found in all V. cholerae isolates, suggesting the presence of other virulence genes, whereas no isolates of V. parahaemolyticus contained the tdh gene. Isolated Vibrio spp. had high to moderate resistance to tetracycline, azithromycin, erythromycin, and streptomycin. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus in broiler and backyard chickens is of public health concern because of the possibility of food chain contamination
{"title":"Molecular detection of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus from healthy broilers and backyard chickens for the first time in Bangladesh- A preliminary study","authors":"S. Akter, Farah Zereen, M. Islam, M. Sobur, Md. Ismail Hossen, M. P. Siddique, Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain, M. Rahman","doi":"10.12982/vis.2022.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/vis.2022.032","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the Vibrio spp. are major public health concerns globally. Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are the etiology of pandemic and epidemic diarrhea and foodborne illness, respectively. Poultry has the potential to harbor pathogenic Vibrio spp., which can have a detrimental impact on public health if they are transmitted to humans. We, therefore, screened 54 cloacal swab samples from healthy chickens (broiler=27, backyard= 27) to detect V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. Vibrio spp. were isolated and identified by culturing, biochemical tests, PCR, and antibiogram profiles were determined by disk diffusion method. By PCR, 29.63% (16/54; 95% CI: 19.14-42.83%) samples were positive for Vibrio spp., where backyard chickens had a significantly higher (p< 0.05) occurrence (44.44%; 27.59-62.69%) than broilers (14.82%; 95% CI: 5.92-32.48%). V. parahaemolyticus was found in 22.22% (6/27; 95% CI: 10.61-40.76%) of backyard chicken samples, which was significantly dominant (p< 0.05) than in broilers (0/27, 0%, 95% CI: 0.00-12.46%). In addition, V. cholerae was positive in 7.41% (2/27; 95% CI: 1.32-23.37%) of broiler, and 14.82% (4/27; 95% CI: 5.92-32.48%) of backyard chicken samples. The toxR gene was found in all V. cholerae isolates, suggesting the presence of other virulence genes, whereas no isolates of V. parahaemolyticus contained the tdh gene. Isolated Vibrio spp. had high to moderate resistance to tetracycline, azithromycin, erythromycin, and streptomycin. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus in broiler and backyard chickens is of public health concern because of the possibility of food chain contamination","PeriodicalId":36378,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Integrative Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49234021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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