PAKAR Pendidikan最新文献

{"title":"Self-Regulated Learning Mahasiswa dalam Menghadapi Pembelajaran Daring di Masa Pandemi Covid-19","authors":"M. Y. Syukra","doi":"10.24036/pakar.v20i1.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/pakar.v20i1.246","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBrave learning has become a new phenomenon in the world of education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Bold learning can affect the learning process to student academic achievement. Students need to have good self-regulation in learning in order to manage their learning strategies well, and improve the quality of their learning. This study aims to determine the level of self-regulated learning in students who are taking courageous learning. This research is a quantitative research with a descriptive survey approach. The subjects in this study were 76 students from the Department of Psychology and PGSD Campus V, Faculty of Education, State University of Padang. The data collection tool uses a Likert scale using a self-regulated learning scale. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis. The results of the study indicate that in general the level of self-regulated learning in students who are taking courageous learning is in the medium category.Keywords : self-regulated learning, students","PeriodicalId":364758,"journal":{"name":"PAKAR Pendidikan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131355303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS KARANGAN DESKR IPSI SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COR2SF DENGAN BERBANTUAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL","authors":"J. Jusnidar","doi":"10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.209","url":null,"abstract":"The research objective was to determine the improvement of students' writing ability in writing descriptions by using the COR2SF learning model assisted by audio-visual media. Quantitative method, this research uses quasi-experimental research design (quasi experiment), using a control group design, in this design two groups are selected not random. The population of SMP Negeri 1 Kahu used purposive sampling sample, namely the control class class VIII A and the experimental class class VIII B. The experimental class was given treatment using the COR2SF learning model while the control class was not given a modified COR2SF learning model. The techniques used in collecting data in this study were observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests, documentation. The results of observations that have been made at SMP Negeri 1 Kahu, found problems in class VIII C after carrying out apprenticeship 2.The first problem was found in the teaching and learning process in class VIII C, namely students were less active in the learning process, tended to play around during the process learning. This problem is seen when the teacher teaches, only about 50% of active students are really serious and able to do the assignments given by the teacher. Of the 31 students, only 15 of them were able to get scores that really reached the KKM while the other 16 had the scores that had not reached the KKM number, for other class VIII C students were only able to do low-level questions.","PeriodicalId":364758,"journal":{"name":"PAKAR Pendidikan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127395079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INOVASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MARKERLESS AUGMENTED REALITY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA","authors":"Lalu Riki Gita Sukma, Sultan Fakhrur Rassyi, Jihan Fadhilah","doi":"10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.199","url":null,"abstract":"Pandemi COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease) mempengaruhi perubahan dan pembaharuan kebijakan untuk diterapkan di berbagai sektor, salah satunya yaitu sektor pendidikan. Pada tanggal 17 Maret 2020, menteri pendidikan dan kebudayaan RI mengeluarkan surat edaran, perihal pembelajaran secara daring. Alternatif yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran masa pandemi  adalah dengan menggunakan teknologi digital dan beberapa media pembelajaran yang mendukung seperti zoom, google classroom, whatsapp, dan aplikasi lainnya. Selama pembelajaran dalam jaringan (daring), tidak sedikit keluhan peserta didik yang tidak senang dengan pembelajaran dalam jaringan tersebut. Oleh Karena itu, perlu adanya media pembelajaran yang dapat membantu guru untuk membuat siswa lebih tertarik dan mandiri dalam belajar di masa pandemi COVID-19 dan era new normal yaitu Arti Learning, media pembelajaran berbasis markeless augmented reality. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat alternatif media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan dalam menciptakan suasana belajar yang menarik, menyenangkan dan interaktif pada pembelajaran masa pandemi dan era new normal. Dengan menggunakan teknologi markerless augmented reality sebagai media pembelajaran, Siswa dapat mempelajari suatu materi secara lebih mudah dan menyenangkan dengan melakukan pengamatan, sehingga dapat meningkatkan minat dan pemahaman terhadap suatu pelajaran. Metode yang kami gunakan yaitu menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan pencarian data primer untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan-permasalahan yang dikemukakan di atas. Pelaksanaan ide dirancang dengan membuat prototipe sekaligus mencari data primer dengan kuesioner. Data primer digunakan untuk memperkuat ide agar ide dapat menjawab permasalahan. Ide ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif dan eksploratif agar ide yang direncanakan dapat diimplementasikan dengan baik. Dengan adanya media pembelajaran ini, tentu dapat membantu proses pembelajaran secara daring.","PeriodicalId":364758,"journal":{"name":"PAKAR Pendidikan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126580749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"permainan edukatif dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar anak usia dini pada sentra iman dan taqwa (IMTAQ) di TK Islam Ar-Rosyiid","authors":"vellia novianty malik","doi":"10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.180","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000This research is motivated by the lack of learning achievement of early childhood in religious values. This is due to the lack of providing material regarding religious insights and the ineffective methods used during learning which results in early childhood understanding of religious values ​​and good behavior habits. Therefore this research will discuss further about the media used, namely educational games in the learning process at the center of faith and piety (imtaq) in order to create a pleasant learning atmosphere with the aim of increasing early childhood learning achievement, especially in religious insight and values. morals that will be applied in everyday life. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive methods. From the results of this study it can be concluded that (1) the learning process at the center of faith and piety (imtaq) is the right method in increasing the insight into early childhood equality, (2) the role of educational games is very effective in improving learning achievement of early childhood, (3) the obstacles faced to improve early childhood learning achievement through educational games. \u0000  \u0000Abstrak \u0000penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya prestasi belajar anak usia dini dalam nilai-nilai kegamaan. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya pemberian materi mengenai wawasan keagamaan dan kurang efektifnya metode yang digunakan saat pembelajaran yang mengakibatkan anak usia dini kurang memahami mengenai nilai-nilai kegamaan serta pembiasaan perilaku yang baik. Oleh karena itu penelitan ini akan membahas lebih jauh mengenai media yang digunakan yakni permainan edukatif dalam proses pembelajaran di sentra iman dan taqwa (imtaq) agar tercipta suasana belajar yang menyenangkan dengan tujuan dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar anak usia dini terutama dalam wawasan keagamaan dan nilai-niali moral yang akan diterapkan di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) proses pembelajaran di sentra iman dan taqwa (imtaq) menjadi metode yang tepat dalam meningkatkan wawasan kegamaan anak usia dini, (2) peran permainan edukatif sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar anak usia dini, (3) kendala yang dihadapi untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar anak usia dini melalui permainan edukatif.","PeriodicalId":364758,"journal":{"name":"PAKAR Pendidikan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132519952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DAMPAK PEMBELAJARAN SISTEM DARING TERHADAP ACADEMIC FRAUD PADA MASA PANDEMI","authors":"Yumna Rifdatul Ummah, Nurma Juwita","doi":"10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.207","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to see the impact of learning using a bold system on the level of academic cheating that can be done by students. This research is a quantitative study using primary data. The data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to accounting students at the Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. In the process of analyzing the data, the researcher used the incidental sampling technique. Incidental Sampling, is a technique where the researcher determines the research using the right principles. Where the researcher accidentally meets the respondent, and the respondent is matched by the researcher, the researcher makes the respondent a sample.Based on the results of data processing, it can be concluded that tcount 6.873> 1.655 t table and sig 0.00 <0.05 α. So, it can be ignored that the learning process has an effect on academic fraud. The results of this study are in accordance with the theory of diamond fraud which is related to the dimension of opportunity. In the dimension of diamond fraud, that someone is cheating because of opportunity. Students cheat during the learning process which is daring, because of supervisors from the problematic party.Keywords: Online Learning, Academic Fraud","PeriodicalId":364758,"journal":{"name":"PAKAR Pendidikan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131112674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PARADIGMA BARU PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN NON FORMAL/PENDIDIKAN LUAR SEKOLAH (PNF/PLS) DI ERA VUCA","authors":"M. Ivan","doi":"10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.210","url":null,"abstract":"Penguasaan data dan informasi memiliki peran signifikan bagi program studi Pendidikan Non Formal/ Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PNF/PLS) untuk beradaptasi di era disrupsi. Era disrupsi identik dengan kondisi VUCA yang merupakan singkatan dari Volatile (bergejolak), Uncertain (tidak pasti), Complex (kompleks), dan Ambigue (tidak jelas). Kondisi tersebut mengubah berbagai tatanan politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya yang berdampak pula pada dunia pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan paradigma baru dalam memproyeksikan lulusan PNF/PLS yang berdaya saing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paradigma baru akan memberikan efek positif dalam mengubah mindset program studi PNF/PLS.  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":364758,"journal":{"name":"PAKAR Pendidikan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121244323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Character Building based on Multiple Intelligences Classroom for Elementary School in The Digital Era","authors":"S. Febriani, Yusnawati Yusnawati, Anasrudin Anasrudin","doi":"10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.195","url":null,"abstract":"Human resource development greatly determines the quality of education in the digital era. The integration of science, technology and character domains is one of the complex challenges in the era of globalization. This basis, the internalization of character values ​​from an early age is one of the important elements in facing challenges in the 21st century. This study aimed to explore character development through learning strategies based on the multiple intelligences classroom management. This study used a qualitative research approach with a case study method design at SD Plus Al-Kautsar Malang. The data obtained include observation, interviews and documentation related to the topic and data analysis used is data triangulation with three steps: data collection, reduction and conclusion. The results showed that the internalization of character values ​​can be generated through management classroom based on multiple intelligence; exemplary, courage, discipline, independence, responsibility and respect for others; while the strategy used is through the integration of science, technology and IMTAQ in the learning process in the digital era. The findings showed that the integration of the learning process with classroom management based on multiple intelligences can internalize the character values ​​of students.","PeriodicalId":364758,"journal":{"name":"PAKAR Pendidikan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125249333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh penerapan metode hypnoteaching terhadap perstasi belajar PAI di smp Alfasanah cisauk","authors":"S. Fauziah","doi":"10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.177","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000  This study aims to find out about the effect of hypnoteaching methods on learning achievement. The technique in this method is how teachers can communicate more persuasively and suggestively with students both in teaching and learning activities or before starting teaching, so that students are more motivated and excited before starting lessons in class. The steps of the hypoteacing method include: 1). Intention and motivation in yourself, 2). Equating the position of body movements, language and brain waves with students, 3) Directing students, 4) Using positive words, 5) Giving praise, 6) giving examples in the form of speech and behavior. The data obtained is in the form of data from the results of a questionnaire and the difference in the results of values ​​before and after the application of the Hypoteaching Method. \u0000  \u0000ABSTRAK \u0000 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu tentang pengaruh metode hypnoteaching terhadap prestasi belajar. Teknik yang di dalam metode ini adalah bagaimana cara guru dapat berkomunikasi lebih persuasif dan sugestif dengan siswi baik dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar ataupun sebelum memulai mengajar, agar siswi lebih termotivasi dan bersemangat sebelum memulai pelajaran di dalam kelas. Langkah-lngkah metode hypoteacing meliputi : 1). Niat dan motivasi dalam diri sendiri, 2). Menyamakan posisi gerak tubuh, bahasa dan gelombang otak dengan siswi, 3) Mengarahkan peserta didik, 4) Menggunakan kata-kata postif, 5) Memberikan pujian, 6) memberi teladan berupa ucapan dan prilaku. Data yang di dapat berupa data hasil dari angket dan perbedaan hasil nilai sebelu dan sesudah di terapkannya Metode Hypoteaching. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":364758,"journal":{"name":"PAKAR Pendidikan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130033996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consultant Social Science Method: Alternatives to Improve Student's Collaboration and Comunnication Abilities","authors":"Lestari Kurniawati","doi":"10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.211","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kolaborasi dan komunikasi siswa, menggunakan  metode Consultant Social Science dengan media Whatsapp Group pada kelas IX.D SMPN 1 Rangkasbitung. Permasalahan muncul ketika siswa melakukan tugas proyek berupa  kerja kelompok yang berjalan kontraproduktif. Ketidakefektifan dalam kerjasama karena siswa yang secara kognitif lebih unggul dibandingkan rekan sekelompoknya, tidak memberikan kepercayaan tugas dan kurang membuka komunikasi yang baik. Sementara di sisi lain, seharusnya semua siswa memperoleh hak yang sama dalam memperoleh pengetahuan. Permasalahan kolaborasi dan  komunikasi dalam kegiatan kelompok ini memicu penulis mencari solusi dalam pembelajaran. Inovasi yang dilakukan adalah  menggunakan metode Consultant Social Science dengan media Whatsapp Group, teknisnya melibatkan siswa yang kurang aktif sebagai Consultant Social Science dan menggunakan Whatsapp Group sebagai basis komunikasi.  Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode Consultant Social Science berbasis Whatssapp Group dapat meningkatkan aspek Collaboration, sesi I dan II, yaitu: 1). Kelompok Hasanudin sejumlah 15% yang dilihat dari kenaikan; 2). Kelompok Imam Bonjol 3). Kelompok Teuku Umar sejumlah 5%; 4). Kelompok Cut Nyak Dien sejumlah 10%;5). Kelompok Kartini sejumlah 5%; dan 6). Kelompok Pattimura sejumlah 20%. Aspek communication  1). Kelompok Hasanudin sejumlah 10%; 2). Kelompok Imam Bonjol sejumlah 5%; 3). Kelompok Teuku Umar sejumlah 5%; 4). Kelompok Cut Nyak Dien sejumlah 10%; 5). Kelompok Kartini sejumlah 10%; dan 6). Kelompok Pattimura sejumlah 10%. Dampaknya merubah pandangan siswa atas makna kolaborasi yang selama ini seolah menjadi kastanisasi, lebih bersifat menerima masing-masing kelebihan dan kekurangan rekannya dalam belajar, sehingga meningkatkan kemampuan kolaborasi dan komunikasi siswa. \u0000    \u0000Kata kunci        :     Metode Consultant Social Science, Collaboration, Communication \u0000  \u0000Abstract \u0000The purpose of this study was to improve students' collaboration and communication skills, using the Consultant Social Science method with Whatsapp Group media in class IX.D SMPN 1 Rangkasbitung. Problems arise when students do project assignments in the form of counterproductive group work. The ineffectiveness in cooperation because students who are cognitively superior to their peer group, do not give confidence in the task and do not open up good communication. While on the other hand, all students should have the same rights in obtaining knowledge. Collaboration and communication problems in group activities trigger writers to look for solutions in learning. The innovation made is using the Consultant Social Science method with the Whatsapp Group media, technically involving students who are less active as Social Science Consultants and using the Whatsapp Group as a communication base. This research uses descriptive quantitative method. The results show t","PeriodicalId":364758,"journal":{"name":"PAKAR Pendidikan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116009200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angka Partisipasi Kasar dan Angka Partisipasi Murni sebagai Indikator Keberhasilan Pendidikan Indonesia","authors":"Nita Safira, Y. Wibowo","doi":"10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24036/PAKAR.V19I2.212","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini membahas salah satu indikator yang digunakan pemerintah dalam mengukur keberhasilan di bidang pendidikan yaitu melalui capaian Angka Partisipasi Kasar (APK) dan Angka Partisipasi Murni (APM) untuk jenjang PAUD, SD/MI, SMP/MTS dan Sekolah Menengah tahun 2019. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif sederhana dengan menggunakan data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kenaikan anggaran pendidikan yang telah dialokasikan pemerintah dalam APBN setiap tahunnya selama tahun 2005-2019 belum mampu membuat APK dan APM di Indonesia tercapai secara maksimal. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar pemerintah memprioritaskan pembangunan infrastruktur sekolah di daerah yang padat penduduk, daerah yang masih banyak anak usia sekolah yang tidak bersekolah, daerah yang jarak dari rumah ke sekolah relatif jauh, daerah 3T, sehingga menarik minat orang tua untuk menyekolahkan anak-anaknya. Penelitian ini juga menyarankan pemerintah melaksanakan program untuk menarik anak-anak yang tidak sekolah agar mau masuk sekolah atau paket kesetaraan A/B/C dan memastikan penyaluran bantuan Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP) diterima oleh anak-anak dari keluarga kurang mampu.","PeriodicalId":364758,"journal":{"name":"PAKAR Pendidikan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131842731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}