Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3290076
Federico Calì;Giovanni Li-Destri;Nunzio Tuccitto
This study reports a method for molecular communication in fluids and provides a detailed description of the testbed and numerous experimental data. The prototype involves information being carried by fluorescent carbon nanoparticles. The details of the synthesis and fluorescence properties are also described. Signal modulation was achieved by exploiting the instability effect of an interfacial phenomenon known as viscosity fingering, which occurs when two miscible liquids with different viscosities or strong density variations contact one another. This modulation is called interfacial shift keying. The data confirm the reproducibility of the method. A new approach based on the deliberate superposition of two consecutive close releases is described in detail, and data from several experimental replicas are provided.
{"title":"Interfacial Shift Keying Allows a High Information Rate in Molecular Communication: Methods and Data","authors":"Federico Calì;Giovanni Li-Destri;Nunzio Tuccitto","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3290076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3290076","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports a method for molecular communication in fluids and provides a detailed description of the testbed and numerous experimental data. The prototype involves information being carried by fluorescent carbon nanoparticles. The details of the synthesis and fluorescence properties are also described. Signal modulation was achieved by exploiting the instability effect of an interfacial phenomenon known as viscosity fingering, which occurs when two miscible liquids with different viscosities or strong density variations contact one another. This modulation is called interfacial shift keying. The data confirm the reproducibility of the method. A new approach based on the deliberate superposition of two consecutive close releases is described in detail, and data from several experimental replicas are provided.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"9 3","pages":"300-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67823226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3290077
Taishi Kotsuka;Yutaka Hori
Molecular communication (MC) enables cooperation of spatially dispersed molecular robots through the feedback control mediated by diffusing signal molecules. However, conventional analysis frameworks for the MC channels mostly consider the dynamics of unidirectional communication, lacking the effect of feedback interactions. In this paper, we propose a general control-theoretic modeling framework for bidirectional MC systems capable of capturing the dynamics of feedback control via MC in a systematic manner. The proposed framework considers not only the dynamics of molecular diffusion but also the boundary dynamics at the molecular robots that captures the lag due to the molecular transmission/reception process affecting the performance of the entire feedback system. Thus, methods in control theory can be applied to systematically analyze various dynamical properties of the feedback system. We perform a frequency response analysis based on the proposed framework to show a general design guideline for MC channels to transfer signal with desired control bandwidth. Finally, these results are demonstrated by showing the step-by-step design procedure of a specific MC channel satisfying a given specification.
{"title":"A Control-Theoretic Model for Bidirectional Molecular Communication Systems","authors":"Taishi Kotsuka;Yutaka Hori","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3290077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3290077","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular communication (MC) enables cooperation of spatially dispersed molecular robots through the feedback control mediated by diffusing signal molecules. However, conventional analysis frameworks for the MC channels mostly consider the dynamics of unidirectional communication, lacking the effect of feedback interactions. In this paper, we propose a general control-theoretic modeling framework for bidirectional MC systems capable of capturing the dynamics of feedback control via MC in a systematic manner. The proposed framework considers not only the dynamics of molecular diffusion but also the boundary dynamics at the molecular robots that captures the lag due to the molecular transmission/reception process affecting the performance of the entire feedback system. Thus, methods in control theory can be applied to systematically analyze various dynamical properties of the feedback system. We perform a frequency response analysis based on the proposed framework to show a general design guideline for MC channels to transfer signal with desired control bandwidth. Finally, these results are demonstrated by showing the step-by-step design procedure of a specific MC channel satisfying a given specification.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"9 3","pages":"274-285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3274026
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3274026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3274026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"9 2","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6687308/10157988/10158296.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68020453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3274028
{"title":"IEEE Communications Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3274028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3274028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"9 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6687308/10157988/10157989.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68018593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3278539
Harun Šiljak
Quantum biology is not a new field of study: as the physicists’ work on foundations of quantum theory matured, the question of linking it with the secrets of living organisms drew more and more attention. It was posed as a natural philosophy question as well, exploring the link of quantum randomness with the competing perceptions of the world, idealist and materialist. It also posed a question to what will later become known as systems theory: is reductionism ever warranted in complex systems? These first thoughts on quantum effects as underlying mechanisms of living organisms predate the modern molecular biology revolution.
{"title":"Guest Editorial Special Feature on Quantum Biology","authors":"Harun Šiljak","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3278539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3278539","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum biology is not a new field of study: as the physicists’ work on foundations of quantum theory matured, the question of linking it with the secrets of living organisms drew more and more attention. It was posed as a natural philosophy question as well, exploring the link of quantum randomness with the competing perceptions of the world, idealist and materialist. It also posed a question to what will later become known as systems theory: is reductionism ever warranted in complex systems? These first thoughts on quantum effects as underlying mechanisms of living organisms predate the modern molecular biology revolution.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"9 2","pages":"233-234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6687308/10157988/10158274.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68018597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3281700
Yuanhang Zhang;Fupeng Huang;Jie Song;Lin Lin;Yuting Yang;Xiao Zhi;Hao Yan
Synthetic molecular communications (SMC), as one of the most promising communication paradigms for nano-networks, is expected to advance many revolutionary areas. Many of the envisioned applications of SMC are in micro-scale. However, the state-of-the-art SMC testbeds reported in the literature are mostly in macro-scale. The lack of micro-scale communication testbeds is its key technology hindrance. To solve this issue, we propose a micro-scale SMC receiver. The proposed micro-scale SMC receiver senses the concentration of information DNA molecules and converts such biological signal into an electric binary signal by electrochemical reaction. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed receiver, experiments are performed and verify that the proposed receiver is capable to successfully receive signals with a bit rate of 0.2 bit/min. This work would help SMC to advance from theoretical research towards practical applications.
{"title":"Hardware Verification of a Micro-Scale Receiver for Synthetic DNA Molecular Communications","authors":"Yuanhang Zhang;Fupeng Huang;Jie Song;Lin Lin;Yuting Yang;Xiao Zhi;Hao Yan","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3281700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3281700","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic molecular communications (SMC), as one of the most promising communication paradigms for nano-networks, is expected to advance many revolutionary areas. Many of the envisioned applications of SMC are in micro-scale. However, the state-of-the-art SMC testbeds reported in the literature are mostly in macro-scale. The lack of micro-scale communication testbeds is its key technology hindrance. To solve this issue, we propose a micro-scale SMC receiver. The proposed micro-scale SMC receiver senses the concentration of information DNA molecules and converts such biological signal into an electric binary signal by electrochemical reaction. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed receiver, experiments are performed and verify that the proposed receiver is capable to successfully receive signals with a bit rate of 0.2 bit/min. This work would help SMC to advance from theoretical research towards practical applications.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"9 3","pages":"295-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67982985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3267399
Seyed Mohammad Azimi-Abarghouyi;Harpreet S. Dhillon;Leandros Tassiulas
We present a comprehensive approach to the modeling, performance analysis, and design of clustered molecular nanonetworks in which nano-machines of different clusters release an appropriate number of molecules to transmit their sensed information to their respective fusion centers. The fusion centers decode this information by counting the number of molecules received in the given time slot. Owing to the propagation properties of the biological media, this setup suffers from both inter- and intra-cluster interference that needs to be carefully modeled. To facilitate rigorous analysis, we first develop a novel spatial model for this setup by modeling nano-machines as a Poisson cluster process with the fusion centers forming its parent point process. For this setup, we first derive a new set of distance distributions in the three-dimensional space, resulting in a remarkably simple result for the special case of the Thomas cluster process. Using this, total interference from previous symbols and different clusters is characterized and its expected value and Laplace transform are obtained. The error probability of a simple detector suitable for biological applications is analyzed, and approximate and upper-bound results are provided. The impact of different parameters on the performance is also investigated.
{"title":"Fundamentals of Clustered Molecular Nanonetworks","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Azimi-Abarghouyi;Harpreet S. Dhillon;Leandros Tassiulas","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3267399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3267399","url":null,"abstract":"We present a comprehensive approach to the modeling, performance analysis, and design of clustered molecular nanonetworks in which nano-machines of different clusters release an appropriate number of molecules to transmit their sensed information to their respective fusion centers. The fusion centers decode this information by counting the number of molecules received in the given time slot. Owing to the propagation properties of the biological media, this setup suffers from both inter- and intra-cluster interference that needs to be carefully modeled. To facilitate rigorous analysis, we first develop a novel spatial model for this setup by modeling nano-machines as a Poisson cluster process with the fusion centers forming its parent point process. For this setup, we first derive a new set of distance distributions in the three-dimensional space, resulting in a remarkably simple result for the special case of the Thomas cluster process. Using this, total interference from previous symbols and different clusters is characterized and its expected value and Laplace transform are obtained. The error probability of a simple detector suitable for biological applications is analyzed, and approximate and upper-bound results are provided. The impact of different parameters on the performance is also investigated.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"9 2","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68020457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3266578
Musaab Saeed;Mehdi Maleki;Hamid Reza Bahrami
Inter-symbol interference (ISI) may result in substantial performance degradation in molecular communication systems. In this paper, we propose a more accurate and realistic ISI model compared to the literature, by quantifying the ISI in a three-dimensional fluid environment with a spherical receiver. Moreover, due to the propagation delay in a fluid environment, a large number of the molecules absorbed earlier in a transmission interval are due to the previous transmissions. Therefore, we find the optimal delay time, that the receiver should wait at the beginning of each time interval before counting the absorbed molecules, to reduce the effect of the ISI. Further, and to enhance the performance of the system, we adopt a detection approach based on multiple molecular observations at the receiver, and introduce a weighted sum detector, in which the transmission interval is divided into a number of sub-intervals. We analytically derive the weights, assigned to different sub-intervals, that minimize the bit error rate (BER). Simulations, based on the presented approaches, show the impact of the transmitter-receiver distance, the reaction rate, and the diffusion constant of the environment on the BER performance. We also show that using a weighted sum detector significantly improves the BER performance.
{"title":"A Novel Inter-Symbol Interference Model and Weighted Sum Detection for Diffusion-Based Molecular Communication Systems","authors":"Musaab Saeed;Mehdi Maleki;Hamid Reza Bahrami","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3266578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3266578","url":null,"abstract":"Inter-symbol interference (ISI) may result in substantial performance degradation in molecular communication systems. In this paper, we propose a more accurate and realistic ISI model compared to the literature, by quantifying the ISI in a three-dimensional fluid environment with a spherical receiver. Moreover, due to the propagation delay in a fluid environment, a large number of the molecules absorbed earlier in a transmission interval are due to the previous transmissions. Therefore, we find the optimal delay time, that the receiver should wait at the beginning of each time interval before counting the absorbed molecules, to reduce the effect of the ISI. Further, and to enhance the performance of the system, we adopt a detection approach based on multiple molecular observations at the receiver, and introduce a weighted sum detector, in which the transmission interval is divided into a number of sub-intervals. We analytically derive the weights, assigned to different sub-intervals, that minimize the bit error rate (BER). Simulations, based on the presented approaches, show the impact of the transmitter-receiver distance, the reaction rate, and the diffusion constant of the environment on the BER performance. We also show that using a weighted sum detector significantly improves the BER performance.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"9 2","pages":"167-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68020462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3265565
Max Bartunik;Georg Fischer;Jens Kirchner
Although the concept of engineered molecular communication has been around for quite some time, practical approaches with truly biocompatible setups are still scarce. However, molecular communication has a large potential in future medical applications and may be a solution to size constraints of antenna-based transmission systems. In this work, we therefore present a testbed using biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles. Based on previous work, all testbed components have been improved regarding performance and size, making a large step forward regarding miniaturisation and a data transmission approach. In addition, a setup for localised two-dimensional sensing of magnetic nanoparticles is presented. All improvements are evaluated individually and combined to achieve a net data rate of more than $mathrm {6~ text {bit} / text {s}}$ , significantly higher than any other comparable biocompatible setup.
{"title":"The Development of a Biocompatible Testbed for Molecular Communication With Magnetic Nanoparticles","authors":"Max Bartunik;Georg Fischer;Jens Kirchner","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3265565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3265565","url":null,"abstract":"Although the concept of engineered molecular communication has been around for quite some time, practical approaches with truly biocompatible setups are still scarce. However, molecular communication has a large potential in future medical applications and may be a solution to size constraints of antenna-based transmission systems. In this work, we therefore present a testbed using biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles. Based on previous work, all testbed components have been improved regarding performance and size, making a large step forward regarding miniaturisation and a data transmission approach. In addition, a setup for localised two-dimensional sensing of magnetic nanoparticles is presented. All improvements are evaluated individually and combined to achieve a net data rate of more than \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathrm {6~ text {bit} / text {s}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, significantly higher than any other comparable biocompatible setup.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"9 2","pages":"179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68018591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3278532
Valerio Selis;Daniel Tunç McGuiness;Alan Marshall
Molecular Communication (MC) is the process of sending information by the use of particles instead of electromagnetic (EM) waves. This change in paradigm allows the use of MC in areas where EM transmission is undesirable. These include underground, underwater and even intra-body communications. While this novel paradigm promises new areas for communication, one of the major setbacks is its relatively low throughput caused by the propagation speed. This can be improved by decreasing the symbol duration; however, this can be a detriment to the correct decoding of symbols. This paper proposes a novel symbol detection pipeline to increase the possible throughput without increasing the error rate of the communication. This is based on a machine-learning algorithm for classification tasks using an L-point discrete time moving average filter and a wide range of features. Extensive simulations with long sequences at different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values were performed to determine how well the proposed method detects symbols. The results show that our method can detect symbols received when On-Off Keying (OOK) modulations are used with a 10 dB gain, even when transmissions with untrained SNR values occur.
{"title":"A Novel ML-Based Symbol Detection Pipeline for Molecular Communication","authors":"Valerio Selis;Daniel Tunç McGuiness;Alan Marshall","doi":"10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3278532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMBMC.2023.3278532","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular Communication (MC) is the process of sending information by the use of particles instead of electromagnetic (EM) waves. This change in paradigm allows the use of MC in areas where EM transmission is undesirable. These include underground, underwater and even intra-body communications. While this novel paradigm promises new areas for communication, one of the major setbacks is its relatively low throughput caused by the propagation speed. This can be improved by decreasing the symbol duration; however, this can be a detriment to the correct decoding of symbols. This paper proposes a novel symbol detection pipeline to increase the possible throughput without increasing the error rate of the communication. This is based on a machine-learning algorithm for classification tasks using an L-point discrete time moving average filter and a wide range of features. Extensive simulations with long sequences at different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values were performed to determine how well the proposed method detects symbols. The results show that our method can detect symbols received when On-Off Keying (OOK) modulations are used with a 10 dB gain, even when transmissions with untrained SNR values occur.","PeriodicalId":36530,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","volume":"9 2","pages":"207-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68020459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：