Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967062
Peter Kerr
smartphones, and even the light sensors we use within our built environments. While we can use any connected device, there is only one system that is prevalent throughout a building—lighting. The deployment of a smart lighting control solution provides a single overarching system that enables digital touchpoints throughout the building and creates an observer grid. Lighting control companies are developing traditional lighting control presence sensors into combined smart sensors that can collect more data about the space where they are located. Comparing Sensor Solutions in Practice: Philips Interact and Siemens Enlighted
{"title":"Comparing Sensor Solutions in Practice: Philips Interact and Siemens Enlighted","authors":"Peter Kerr","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967062","url":null,"abstract":"smartphones, and even the light sensors we use within our built environments. While we can use any connected device, there is only one system that is prevalent throughout a building—lighting. The deployment of a smart lighting control solution provides a single overarching system that enables digital touchpoints throughout the building and creates an observer grid. Lighting control companies are developing traditional lighting control presence sensors into combined smart sensors that can collect more data about the space where they are located. Comparing Sensor Solutions in Practice: Philips Interact and Siemens Enlighted","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88495232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967059
Fauzan Alfi Agirachman, M. Shinozaki
Virtual reality (VR) technology can help students conduct a design evaluation process on their architecture studio course submission. This study explores an architectural design evaluation method that uses an affordance-based design approach with two phases: “Non-VR (NVR) prior to VR” and “NVR followed by VR.” A game-engine-based VR system was developed for this research. The simulated VR system used information from building information modeling (BIM) models to provide information about the evaluated architectural design. Participants evaluated submissions by recognizing the affordances and then mapping them using an affordance structure matrix. All data were evaluated to compare the evaluation results between the two phases. Generally, the evaluation process helps identify perceived affordances in design submissions. The different media provide additional feedback for students.
{"title":"Design Evaluation in Architecture Education with an Affordance-Based Approach Utilizing Non-Virtual Reality and Virtual Reality Media","authors":"Fauzan Alfi Agirachman, M. Shinozaki","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967059","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality (VR) technology can help students conduct a design evaluation process on their architecture studio course submission. This study explores an architectural design evaluation method that uses an affordance-based design approach with two phases: “Non-VR (NVR) prior to VR” and “NVR followed by VR.” A game-engine-based VR system was developed for this research. The simulated VR system used information from building information modeling (BIM) models to provide information about the evaluated architectural design. Participants evaluated submissions by recognizing the affordances and then mapping them using an affordance structure matrix. All data were evaluated to compare the evaluation results between the two phases. Generally, the evaluation process helps identify perceived affordances in design submissions. The different media provide additional feedback for students.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81713130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967056
A. Schultz, A. Zarzycki
T A D 5 : 2 E D IT O R IA L The call for papers for this issue embraced the broad nature of intelligence, its multiple frameworks and its impact on fabrication, representation, and construction. The breadth of Intelligence was confirmed by the range of papers received, several of them examining systems that deal with the intersection of humans and machines, in physical and virtual realities. Research involving conventional and machine learning shared in this issue represents the interplay of intelligence with architecture and design throughout the design process into post occupancy. The essays display a shared interest in the potential of digital operations and intelligent systems—aiming at improving, understanding, and creating better environments. The enumeration of terms, such as intelligent buildings and cities, smart materials, and autonomous agents is a direct projection of human anthropomorphic tendencies into our actions and outputs. Human perception, awareness, use patterns, and their feedback loop back into the built environment, personifying and individualizing systems. This issue of INTELLIGENCE is reflective of these tendencies and this dichotomy. The work demonstrates that our tools, technologies, and, ultimately, the environment we design, become a responsive and autonomous partner in our lives. This is evident in the contribution by Jeffrey Huang, Mikhael Johanes, Frederick Chando Kim, Christina Doumpioti, and GeorgChristoph Holz, connecting machine learning creativity (generative adversarial networks— GAN) with human verbal narration utilizing natural language processing (NLP). These authors go beyond data analysis and synthesize these generative qualities into computer-based creativity. This partnership is particularly encouraging since it not only provides opportunity for cultural contextualization of GANs but also enables, perhaps, the most human characteristic—creativity—into a broader spectrum of the physical matter. A similar conceptual interest in humans interfacing with the built environment is present in Eugene Han’s research integrating eye tracking with visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM) techniques to capture and understand an individual’s gaze within spatial environments at various scales. The presented framework not only transforms the established approach from screen-base to spatial analysis but also allows for less scripted and more spontaneous explorations of environments without predefined boundaries. Designing with humans in mind, particularly those more vulnerable, is the focus of the contribution by Yomna El-Ghazouly and Ahmed El Antably. The framework proposed by the authors utilizes digital human models (DHMs) to validate and design spaces that consider individual human characteristics including disabilities. This method demonstrates the promise of moving beyond often generalized ADA requirements and designs to create spaces that fit individual situations. Material-based research by Vasilik
{"title":"The Anthropomorphism of Intelligence","authors":"A. Schultz, A. Zarzycki","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967056","url":null,"abstract":"T A D 5 : 2 E D IT O R IA L The call for papers for this issue embraced the broad nature of intelligence, its multiple frameworks and its impact on fabrication, representation, and construction. The breadth of Intelligence was confirmed by the range of papers received, several of them examining systems that deal with the intersection of humans and machines, in physical and virtual realities. Research involving conventional and machine learning shared in this issue represents the interplay of intelligence with architecture and design throughout the design process into post occupancy. The essays display a shared interest in the potential of digital operations and intelligent systems—aiming at improving, understanding, and creating better environments. The enumeration of terms, such as intelligent buildings and cities, smart materials, and autonomous agents is a direct projection of human anthropomorphic tendencies into our actions and outputs. Human perception, awareness, use patterns, and their feedback loop back into the built environment, personifying and individualizing systems. This issue of INTELLIGENCE is reflective of these tendencies and this dichotomy. The work demonstrates that our tools, technologies, and, ultimately, the environment we design, become a responsive and autonomous partner in our lives. This is evident in the contribution by Jeffrey Huang, Mikhael Johanes, Frederick Chando Kim, Christina Doumpioti, and GeorgChristoph Holz, connecting machine learning creativity (generative adversarial networks— GAN) with human verbal narration utilizing natural language processing (NLP). These authors go beyond data analysis and synthesize these generative qualities into computer-based creativity. This partnership is particularly encouraging since it not only provides opportunity for cultural contextualization of GANs but also enables, perhaps, the most human characteristic—creativity—into a broader spectrum of the physical matter. A similar conceptual interest in humans interfacing with the built environment is present in Eugene Han’s research integrating eye tracking with visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM) techniques to capture and understand an individual’s gaze within spatial environments at various scales. The presented framework not only transforms the established approach from screen-base to spatial analysis but also allows for less scripted and more spontaneous explorations of environments without predefined boundaries. Designing with humans in mind, particularly those more vulnerable, is the focus of the contribution by Yomna El-Ghazouly and Ahmed El Antably. The framework proposed by the authors utilizes digital human models (DHMs) to validate and design spaces that consider individual human characteristics including disabilities. This method demonstrates the promise of moving beyond often generalized ADA requirements and designs to create spaces that fit individual situations. Material-based research by Vasilik","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85427163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967058
Eugene Han
This paper proposes a method for spatial eye-tracking for use with three-dimensional objects and environments. By integrating mobile eye-tracking (MET) with Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) technologies, the study provides an unobtrusive technique for capturing an individual’s gaze across an open space and through an unprescribed viewing path. The included proof-of-concept is tested against three scales, from a large sculpture to a set of towering cement kilns and an exterior building passage. Demonstrations show that the integration of MET and VSLAM provides a useful tool for testing scenarios without predefined viewing conditions and allowing insight into how others view works of art and architecture.
{"title":"Integrating Mobile Eye-Tracking and VSLAM for Recording Spatial Gaze in Works of Art and Architecture","authors":"Eugene Han","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967058","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method for spatial eye-tracking for use with three-dimensional objects and environments. By integrating mobile eye-tracking (MET) with Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) technologies, the study provides an unobtrusive technique for capturing an individual’s gaze across an open space and through an unprescribed viewing path. The included proof-of-concept is tested against three scales, from a large sculpture to a set of towering cement kilns and an exterior building passage. Demonstrations show that the integration of MET and VSLAM provides a useful tool for testing scenarios without predefined viewing conditions and allowing insight into how others view works of art and architecture.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86576610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967052
J. Tørresen
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become widespread in recent years and made tremendous progress thanks to automated learning and optimization. This paper outlines research methods within human-centered AI and robotics utilized in the Multimodal Elderly Care Systems (MECS 2021) research project. The project’s main research question asked how human activities and states can best be monitored by a mobile robot. A primary result is that sensors can be both effective and preferable while addressing increasing privacy concerns. Another result is that the user’s age impacts the preferred speed and distance for human/robot interaction. Research ethical considerations are also important for AI research and are presented in this paper.
{"title":"Undertaking Research with Humans within Artificial Intelligence and Robotics: Multimodal Elderly Care Systems","authors":"J. Tørresen","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967052","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become widespread in recent years and made tremendous progress thanks to automated learning and optimization. This paper outlines research methods within human-centered AI and robotics utilized in the Multimodal Elderly Care Systems (MECS 2021) research project. The project’s main research question asked how human activities and states can best be monitored by a mobile robot. A primary result is that sensors can be both effective and preferable while addressing increasing privacy concerns. Another result is that the user’s age impacts the preferred speed and distance for human/robot interaction. Research ethical considerations are also important for AI research and are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91319893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967061
Yomna El-Ghazouly, Ahmed El Antably
Despite broad adoption of Digital Human Models (DHMs) in other disciplines, the use of ergonomics in interior design heavily depends on design standards that offer rigid guidelines that do not adapt to design or human schemata. Digital ergonomic assessments and DHMs help designers predict and evaluate comfort for more human-centered designs. This paper proposes a framework to incorporate digital ergonomic evaluations to quantify and assess interior spaces’ ergonomic comfort using customized DHMs. The framework demonstrates a closed feedback loop connecting 3D models with Human Builder to perform quantitative ergonomic tests while offering real-time results with design recommendations. This implementation showed that individual physical capabilities affected the users’ comfort and design outcomes.
{"title":"Using Digital Human Models to Evaluate the Ergonomic Comfort of Interior Layouts and Furniture Design","authors":"Yomna El-Ghazouly, Ahmed El Antably","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967061","url":null,"abstract":"Despite broad adoption of Digital Human Models (DHMs) in other disciplines, the use of ergonomics in interior design heavily depends on design standards that offer rigid guidelines that do not adapt to design or human schemata. Digital ergonomic assessments and DHMs help designers predict and evaluate comfort for more human-centered designs. This paper proposes a framework to incorporate digital ergonomic evaluations to quantify and assess interior spaces’ ergonomic comfort using customized DHMs. The framework demonstrates a closed feedback loop connecting 3D models with Human Builder to perform quantitative ergonomic tests while offering real-time results with design recommendations. This implementation showed that individual physical capabilities affected the users’ comfort and design outcomes.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88875356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967026
M. Uihlein
{"title":"The Intelligence of Architectural Research","authors":"M. Uihlein","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82231138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967072
A. Simondetti, N. Bachand, A. Delahunty, J. Griffith, Julius Sustarevas
In recent years, technical development in robotics has been enhanced by leaps forward in artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML). Today’s robots learn and optimize their motion, are remotely connected and ready for deployment, and can transfer learned models and behaviors between industries or applications. This paradigm shift and step change in available autonomy necessitates rethinking how robotics may impact the AEC industry. Until now, contractors and fabricators have mainly used robots to replace humans in the narrow opportunity presented by “Dull, Dirty, and Dangerous” tasks (the 3Ds)—repeated millions of times with little variability. However, AEC professionals are starting to explore robots’ ability to perform tasks that are “Specific, Sustainable, and Scalable” (the 3Ss). Robots complete specific tasks by producing one-off designs and sustainable tasks as they render viable reuse as well as material and waste reduction. Yet they maintain scalability by being able to effortlessly multiply into the hundreds or even millions. They are “smart” enough to work alongside humans, rather than replace them.
{"title":"Autonomous Robotics in the AEC practice","authors":"A. Simondetti, N. Bachand, A. Delahunty, J. Griffith, Julius Sustarevas","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967072","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, technical development in robotics has been enhanced by leaps forward in artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML). Today’s robots learn and optimize their motion, are remotely connected and ready for deployment, and can transfer learned models and behaviors between industries or applications. This paradigm shift and step change in available autonomy necessitates rethinking how robotics may impact the AEC industry. Until now, contractors and fabricators have mainly used robots to replace humans in the narrow opportunity presented by “Dull, Dirty, and Dangerous” tasks (the 3Ds)—repeated millions of times with little variability. However, AEC professionals are starting to explore robots’ ability to perform tasks that are “Specific, Sustainable, and Scalable” (the 3Ss). Robots complete specific tasks by producing one-off designs and sustainable tasks as they render viable reuse as well as material and waste reduction. Yet they maintain scalability by being able to effortlessly multiply into the hundreds or even millions. They are “smart” enough to work alongside humans, rather than replace them.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73513149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967051
Azam Khan
{"title":"Thinking Tools for Systems Thinking","authors":"Azam Khan","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81160303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751448.2021.1967053
Lukas Kirner, Elisa Lublasser, S. Brell-Çokcan
The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)-funded research “Internet of Construction” (IoC) explores the digitalization and interconnection of construction processes throughout the value chain. It addresses the implementation of robotic processes and Industry 4.0 technologies within a broad consortium of industry partners. The consortium brings together suppliers of construction and robotic machinery with fabrication and construction contractors as well as architecture, mechanical engineering, and economics researchers. The IoC incorporates a living lab (Aachen West site), where new approaches are developed, tested, and evaluated in the context of real-world settings. While the project is ongoing, promising results in the enhancement of productivity in construction have already been demonstrated through the collaboration of industry and academic partners.
{"title":"Internet of Construction: Research Methods for Practical Relevance in Construction","authors":"Lukas Kirner, Elisa Lublasser, S. Brell-Çokcan","doi":"10.1080/24751448.2021.1967053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751448.2021.1967053","url":null,"abstract":"The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)-funded research “Internet of Construction” (IoC) explores the digitalization and interconnection of construction processes throughout the value chain. It addresses the implementation of robotic processes and Industry 4.0 technologies within a broad consortium of industry partners. The consortium brings together suppliers of construction and robotic machinery with fabrication and construction contractors as well as architecture, mechanical engineering, and economics researchers. The IoC incorporates a living lab (Aachen West site), where new approaches are developed, tested, and evaluated in the context of real-world settings. While the project is ongoing, promising results in the enhancement of productivity in construction have already been demonstrated through the collaboration of industry and academic partners.","PeriodicalId":36812,"journal":{"name":"Technology Architecture and Design","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89791249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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