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Energy storage properties of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)-based composite dielectrics with uniform and gradient-doped boron nitride nanosheets 均匀和梯度掺杂氮化硼纳米片的P(VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE)基复合电介质的储能性能
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-05-25 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12024
Yanan Shang, Yu Feng, Changming Li, Changhai Zhang, Tiandong Zhang, Yongquan Zhang, Yue Zhang, Chunhui Song, Qingguo Chi

Dielectric capacitors play an important role in advanced electronic and power systems such as portable electronic devices, hybrid electric vehicles and electronic weapon systems, and the improvement of energy storage density will have a positive effect on reducing the volume and weight of equipment. Here, a series of single-layer dielectrics with boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) uniformly dispersed and multilayer dielectrics with BNNSs showing a positive gradient distribution (PGD) and inverse gradient distribution (IGD) in the poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P[VDF-TrFE-CTFE]) matrix were prepared by high-speed electrospinning and hot press technology. It is found that the best performance is observed inthe lowest interlayer gradient component in both PGD and IGD composite dielectrics. However, the performance of PGD is better than that of IGD, and the 3-5-3 multilayer dielectric in the positive gradient structure has the best electrical performance. Its maximum energy storage density of the 3-5-3 composite dielectrics is 12.93 J/cm3 at the applied electric field of 380 kV/mm. The above research results show that the gradient structure design plays an important role in optimising the breakdown strength and energy storage characteristics of composite dielectrics.

介质电容器在便携式电子设备、混合动力汽车和电子武器系统等先进的电子和电力系统中发挥着重要作用,储能密度的提高将对减少设备的体积和重量产生积极影响。在这里通过高速静电纺丝和热处理制备了一系列具有均匀分散的氮化硼纳米片(BNNSs)的单层电介质和具有BNNSs的多层电介质,BNNSs在聚偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯-氯三氟乙烯(P[VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE])基体中显示出正梯度分布(PGD)和反梯度分布(IGD)印刷技术。研究发现,在PGD和IGD复合电介质中,在最低的层间梯度分量中观察到最佳性能。然而,PGD的性能优于IGD,并且正梯度结构中的3‐5‐3多层电介质具有最佳的电学性能。在380 kV/mm的外加电场下,3‐5‐3复合电介质的最大储能密度为12.93 J/cm3。上述研究结果表明,梯度结构设计在优化复合电介质的击穿强度和储能特性方面发挥着重要作用。
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引用次数: 11
A transparent polyvinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene composite film with enhanced energy conversion and energy preservation performance 一种具有增强能量转换和节能性能的透明聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯复合薄膜
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-05-24 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12023
Xin Wang, Wenjiang Wang, Wangshu Tong, Yihe Zhang, Zhihao Wang, Yuan Ma, Qi An

Integrated energy-generating and storage films are able to convert mechanical force into stored electrical energy, with the potential for use in self-powered wearable electronics and flexible energy supplies. The development of a transparent metal salt/polyvinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene composite film is reported that possesses excellent piezoelectric and dielectric properties and has the potential to be employed as an energy-generating and preserving integrated film. The effects of the type of the metal salt and its content on the dielectric properties, d33 value, open circuit voltage, and holding time of the composite films were investigated. Owing to the presence of pure water, the β-phase composition and polarization of the film are increased, leading to improved energy conversion properties. Most important, the prepared film exhibits excellent light transmittance. This film, which possesses both good electrical and transparent properties, has the potential for use as a flexible energy supplier, particularly for photovoltaic devices.

集成的能量产生和存储薄膜能够将机械力转换为存储的电能,具有在自供电可穿戴电子产品和柔性能源供应中使用的潜力。报道了一种透明金属盐/聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯复合薄膜的研制,该薄膜具有优异的压电和介电性能,具有作为一种发电和保存能量的集成薄膜的潜力。考察了金属盐种类及其含量对复合膜介电性能、d33值、开路电压和保温时间的影响。由于纯水的存在,膜的β相组成和极化增加,从而提高了能量转换性能。最重要的是,制备的薄膜具有优异的透光性。这种薄膜具有良好的电气性能和透明性能,具有作为柔性能源供应商的潜力,特别是用于光伏设备。
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引用次数: 1
Greatly enhanced breakdown strength and energy density in ultraviolet-irradiated polypropylene 大大提高了紫外线照射聚丙烯的击穿强度和能量密度
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-05-12 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12022
Jiayu Chen, Bao-Wen Li, Yi Sun, Pengxiang Zhang, Zhonghui Shen, Xin Zhang, Ce-Wen Nan, Shujun Zhang

Polymer dielectrics have drawn great attentions for applications in advanced electronic devices and power grids because of their high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, and excellent flexibility. However, the low energy density in polymer dielectric capacitors will hinder the continuous miniaturization of electrical systems. In this work, ultraviolet irradiation is demonstrated to greatly enhance the breakdown strength and energy density of polypropylene. Dramatically improved breakdown strength of 867 MV/m and discharged energy density of 8.0 J/cm3, together with the high energy efficiency of >90%, were simultaneously achieved in polypropylene after ultraviolet irradiation. Our research shows that proper ultraviolet irradiation can effectively improve the energy density of polypropylene without sacrificing its high charge-discharge efficiency, being potential for applications in power electronics and pulse electric systems.

聚合物电介质以其高击穿强度、低介电损耗和优异的柔韧性在先进的电子器件和电网中得到了广泛的应用。然而,聚合物介质电容器的低能量密度将阻碍电气系统的持续小型化。在这项工作中,证明了紫外线照射可以大大提高聚丙烯的击穿强度和能量密度。经紫外辐照后,聚丙烯的击穿强度显著提高,达到867 MV/m,放电能量密度达到8.0 J/cm3,能量效率高达90%。研究表明,适当的紫外线照射可以有效地提高聚丙烯的能量密度,而不牺牲其较高的充放电效率,在电力电子和脉冲电气系统中具有潜在的应用前景。
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引用次数: 10
Understanding the enhanced electrorheological effect of reduced graphene oxide-supported polyaniline dielectric nanoplates by a comparative study with graphene oxide as the support core 通过以氧化石墨烯为支撑芯的对比研究,了解还原氧化石墨烯负载聚苯胺介质纳米板增强的电流变效应
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-04-21 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12021
Jinhua Yuan, Yudong Wang, Liqin Xiang, Xiaopeng Zhao, Jianbo Yin

Graphene has attracted scientific interest as a substrate or additive for developing high-performance stimuli-responsive materials. Research on graphene-based polymer dielectric composites has shown an enhanced electroresponsive electrorheological (ER) effect. However, the mechanism behind the enhanced electroresponse is still incompletely understood. Here, an investigation was performed into dielectric polarization and the ER effect of reduced graphene oxide-supported polyaniline nanoplates by comparing them with pure granular polyaniline and graphene oxide-supported polyaniline nanoplates based on dielectric spectroscopy and rheologic analysis. We discovered that both anisotropic morphology and electrical properties have dominant roles in the enhanced ER effect of reduced graphene oxide-supported polyaniline nanoplates, whereas only anisotropic morphology has a dominant role in the enhanced ER effect of graphene oxide-supported polyaniline nanoplates. The analysis also showed that reduced graphene oxide-supported polyaniline nanoplates have a good ER response to both DC and AC electric field actions in the wide shear rate region. This is highly desirable for practical engineering applications. Therefore, the analysis reveals the reason for the enhanced ER effect of reduced graphene oxide-supported polyaniline nanoplates and also may provide a guide for designing high-performance ER materials for practical engineering applications by combining the advantages of conducting a reduced graphene oxide core and ER active shell.

石墨烯作为开发高性能刺激响应材料的衬底或添加剂引起了科学界的兴趣。石墨烯基聚合物介电复合材料具有较强的电响应电流变效应。然而,电反应增强背后的机制仍然不完全清楚。本文通过电介质光谱和流变学分析,将还原氧化石墨烯负载的聚苯胺纳米片与纯颗粒聚苯胺和氧化石墨烯负载的聚苯胺纳米片进行比较,研究了还原氧化石墨烯负载的聚苯胺纳米片的介电极化和ER效应。我们发现,各向异性形貌和电学性质在还原氧化石墨烯负载的聚苯胺纳米板的内电效应增强中起主导作用,而各向异性形貌在氧化石墨烯负载的聚苯胺纳米板的内电效应增强中起主导作用。分析还表明,还原氧化石墨烯负载的聚苯胺纳米板在宽剪切速率区域对直流和交流电场作用都有良好的电流响应。这对于实际工程应用是非常理想的。因此,分析揭示了还原氧化石墨烯负载的聚苯胺纳米板增强ER效应的原因,并结合还原氧化石墨烯芯和ER活性壳的优势,为设计实际工程应用的高性能ER材料提供指导。
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引用次数: 7
Investigation on the partial discharge characteristics of eco-friendly nanofluid insulation of corn oil nanofluid 玉米油纳米流体环保型纳米流体绝缘的局部放电特性研究
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12020
Shantha Kumar M, Kasi Viswanathan P, Shree Kumar H

The suitability of corn oil nanofluid as an insulation material is studied herein by analysing the partial discharge characteristics. Experiments are conducted on nano-silica modified corn oil at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 wt.% mass fractions. Electrode configurations are used to generate partial discharge (PD) sources such as corona discharge, internal discharge, and surface discharge. Partial discharge inception voltage dependency on electrode geometry is studied. Phase-resolved partial discharge analysis (PRPD) at various test conditions is done to understand the influence of live element geometry that causes PD in real-time operations, Weibull statistical analysis of PD parameters like scale parameter, shape parameter, skewness, and repetition rate is evaluated to understand the influence of nanofiller mass fraction in corn oil. The results illustrate that the addition of silica nanoparticles to corn oil has a significant influence on PD characteristics. The PRPD pattern analysis reveals information about the PD dependency on electrode configuration of the test condition. The addition of nanofillers in optimal concentrations without agglomeration can influence the PD characteristics to a certain degree. The test results may be inferred to suggest corn oil-based silica nanofluids as an alternative biodegradable liquid insulation.

通过对玉米油纳米流体局部放电特性的分析,研究了玉米油纳米流体作为绝缘材料的适用性。对质量分数分别为0.01、0.05和0.1 wt.%的纳米二氧化硅改性玉米油进行了实验。电极配置用于产生局部放电(PD)源,如电晕放电、内部放电和表面放电。研究了局部放电起始电压与电极几何形状的关系。在不同的测试条件下进行相分辨局部放电分析(PRPD),以了解实时操作中导致局部放电的活单元几何形状的影响;对PD参数(如尺度参数、形状参数、偏度和重复率)进行威布尔统计分析,以了解玉米油中纳米填料质量分数的影响。结果表明,玉米油中添加二氧化硅纳米颗粒对PD特性有显著影响。PRPD模式分析揭示了PD依赖于测试条件的电极配置的信息。在无团聚的情况下,最佳浓度的纳米填料的加入在一定程度上影响了钯的特性。试验结果表明,玉米油基二氧化硅纳米流体可作为可生物降解的液体绝缘材料。
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引用次数: 1
Electrical discharge resistance of polymeric nanocomposites 高分子纳米复合材料的放电电阻
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12019
Srijib Banerjee, Shelly Saini, Shakthi Prasad D

The trend of choosing insulating materials has changed in the past few decades, and a considerable shift has occurred from conventional ceramic to non-ceramic insulating materials. The addition of inorganic fillers has greatly improved the thermal conductivity, discharge resistance, hydrophobicity recovery, and vandalism-resistance properties of polymeric insulating materials. Since the beginning of the present century, the field of nanomaterial research has gained much attention. Several studies have been conducted to investigate and analyze polymer nanocomposites by adding nanoparticles of varying size and concentration as fillers. The aim is to improve the characteristics and reformation of thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of existing polymeric insulation materials. However, certain inconsistencies are prevalent with results obtained for polymer nanocomposites. A comprehensive review is presented based on available literature focussing on the advancement from polymeric insulating materials to polymeric nanocomposites and its impact on partial discharge resistance, surface charging, and tracking and erosion resistance. It is observed that the weight percent and dispersion of nano- or micro-sized particles into the base polymer matrix governs the performance of polymer composites. At higher filler loading, resistance to partial discharge and tracking and erosion decreases as a result of the agglomeration of fillers, whereas resistance to surface charge accumulation increases at higher filler loading because the formation of shallow traps increases the charge decay rate. It is suggested that when both micro- and nanofillers are mixed in proper proportion, micro–nano hybrid composites provide better performance than composites filled with only nano- or microfillers.

在过去的几十年里,绝缘材料的选择趋势发生了变化,从传统的陶瓷绝缘材料到非陶瓷绝缘材料发生了相当大的转变。无机填料的加入大大提高了高分子绝缘材料的导热性能、放电性能、疏水性恢复性能和抗破坏性能。自本世纪初以来,纳米材料的研究领域受到了广泛的关注。通过添加不同尺寸和浓度的纳米颗粒作为填料,对聚合物纳米复合材料进行了研究和分析。目的是改进现有聚合物绝缘材料的特性,并对其热学、电学和力学性能进行改造。然而,某些不一致的结果普遍存在于聚合物纳米复合材料中。本文在现有文献的基础上,对聚合物绝缘材料到聚合物纳米复合材料的发展及其对局部放电电阻、表面充电、跟踪和耐侵蚀性能的影响进行了综述。研究发现,纳米或微米颗粒在聚合物基体中的重量百分比和分散程度决定了聚合物复合材料的性能。在较高的填料负荷下,由于填料的团聚,对局部放电、跟踪和侵蚀的阻力降低,而在较高的填料负荷下,对表面电荷积累的阻力增加,因为浅层陷阱的形成增加了电荷衰减率。结果表明,当微纳填料以适当的比例混合时,微纳混杂复合材料的性能优于只填充纳米填料或微纳填料的复合材料。
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引用次数: 3
Polypropylene-based nanocomposites for HVDC cable insulation 高压直流电缆绝缘用聚丙烯基纳米复合材料
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12018
Muhammad Adnan, Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek, Kwan Yiew Lau, Muhammad Tahir

Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is commonly used as an insulation material in power cables. Due to the recent advancements in the field of high voltage power transmission and distribution, there is a need for novel cable insulation materials that have high performance, recyclability and high working temperature as alternatives for the conventional XPLE-based insulation materials. Polypropylene (PP) shows excellent properties and has drawn considerable attention as a potential high voltage direct current (HVDC) insulation material. Therefore, the development of PP-based HVDC cable insulation with improved electrical, thermal and mechanical properties is important in discovering a potentially recyclable cable insulation material. Due to the remarkable development in the field of nanodielectrics, nanotechnology can be a promising solution for enhancing the overall dielectric properties of PP-based insulation materials. This review presents the important aspects of PP-based nanocomposites for HVDC cable insulation with a special focus on understanding the effects of various parameters of nanofillers on the dielectric properties of PP-based HVDC cable insulation. Based on the gathered information, future perspectives for improving the dielectric properties of PP-based nanocomposites for HVDC cable are provided.

交联聚乙烯(XLPE)是电力电缆中常用的绝缘材料。由于近年来高压输配电领域的发展,需要高性能、可循环利用、工作温度高的新型电缆绝缘材料来替代传统的xple基绝缘材料。聚丙烯(PP)具有优异的性能,作为一种潜在的高压直流(HVDC)绝缘材料受到了广泛的关注。因此,开发具有改进电气、热学和机械性能的pp基高压直流电缆绝缘对于发现一种潜在可回收的电缆绝缘材料非常重要。由于纳米介电学领域的显著发展,纳米技术可以成为提高pp基绝缘材料整体介电性能的一个有希望的解决方案。本文综述了pp基纳米复合材料用于高压直流电缆绝缘的重要方面,重点介绍了纳米填料的各种参数对pp基高压直流电缆绝缘介电性能的影响。在此基础上,提出了改善高压直流电缆用pp基纳米复合材料介电性能的未来发展方向。
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引用次数: 11
Switching transient-based state of Ampere-hour prediction of lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal-hydride and lead acid batteries used in vehicles 车用锂离子电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池和铅酸电池的开关暂态安培小时预测
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12017
Debopoma Kar Ray, Tamal Roy, Surajit Chattopadhyay

The state of the ampere-hour capacity of the battery depends on the condition of materials used in it. Large reduction of capacity ends with maintenance or replacement of the battery. Modern battery materials include application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in various stages of production. This article attempts to monitor the capacity of battery used for vehicles which are made of different types of materials using switching transients. The analytical part was done using wavelet-based decompositions. Data sets of large number of coefficients have been developed for learning. Their statistical behaviour has been studied, and monitoring was initially carried out by some selective parameters. Then the artificial neural network-based algorithm was developed which includes all features of statistical variation for better monitoring. Case studies have been carried out followed by comparison. The study ends with a satisfactory monitoring.

电池的安培小时容量的状态取决于其所用材料的状况。容量的大量减少以维护或更换电池告终。现代电池材料包括纳米材料和纳米技术在生产各个阶段的应用。本文试图利用开关瞬态来监测由不同类型材料制成的车辆用电池的容量。分析部分使用基于小波的分解完成。大量系数的数据集已被开发用于学习。研究了它们的统计行为,并通过一些选择性参数进行了初步监测。然后开发了基于人工神经网络的算法,该算法包含了统计变异的所有特征,以便更好地进行监测。进行了个案研究,然后进行了比较。研究以令人满意的监测结果结束。
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引用次数: 2
Investigation of water droplet-initiated discharges on laser textured silicone nano-micro composites using UHF and fluorescent fibre techniques 利用超高频和荧光纤维技术研究激光织构硅纳米微复合材料的水滴引发放电
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-03-29 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12016
Somasundaram Karthikeyan Amizhtan, Parvathy Ganesh, Balaji Srinivasan, Nilesh J. Vasa, Sivanandam Aravindan, Ramanujam Sarathi

Laser texturing has been carried out on the surface of the silicone nano-micro composites to achieve super hydrophobic properties, and water droplet-initiated Corona discharge studies were carried out. The Corona inception voltage (CIV) exhibits considerable enhancement with increase in the nano filler content under DC voltage compared with AC voltage. The corona inception voltage is high with the textured surface and is found to have direct correlation with contact angle of the composite specimen. The Corona inception voltage was measured using Ultra-high frequency (UHF) and fluorescent fibre techniques. It is observed that the fluorescent fibre technique is more sensitive in identifying discharges. Frequency domain analysis of UHF signal shows a dominant frequency at 1 GHz and for fluorescent signal, the spectral content is in the range of DC to 10 MHz. The rise time and pulse width of the UHF signal increases with the increase in the nano filler in composite material. The energy content of UHF/fluorescent signal due to discharges shows similar trend with its increase in energy with variation in its magnitude of the signal formed. The pulse width of fluorescent signal formed due to water droplet-initiated discharges under AC and DC voltage is almost the same, and with the textured specimen it is quite low than the non-textured material.

在硅纳米微复合材料表面进行激光织构以获得超疏水性,并进行了水滴引发电晕放电的研究。与交流电压相比,随着纳米填料含量的增加,直流电压下的电晕起始电压(CIV)明显增强。电晕起始电压在织构表面较高,且与复合试样的接触角有直接关系。采用超高频(UHF)和荧光光纤技术测量电晕起始电压。观察到荧光纤维技术在识别放电方面更为灵敏。UHF信号的频域分析显示其主导频率为1ghz,荧光信号的频谱含量在DC ~ 10mhz范围内。随着复合材料中纳米填料含量的增加,超高频信号的上升时间和脉宽增加。放电引起的超高频/荧光信号的能量含量也表现出类似的趋势,随信号强度的变化而增加。在交直流电压下,水滴引发放电形成的荧光信号脉宽几乎相同,且织构试样的脉宽比未织构材料的脉宽低得多。
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引用次数: 0
Nano-dielectrics in biosystems 生物系统中的纳米电介质
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12014
Jingjing Xu, Fan Wang, Yihan Song, Song Ge, Shengyong Xu

Here, the nano-sized dielectrics in biosystems and their functions are reviewed. For a variety of electromagnetic phenomena observed in biosystems, from a generation of weak electrical pulses in all kinds of neural systems to generation of high-power electrical pulses for sensing and attacking preys in electric eels, nano-dielectrics, such as lipid membrane, always play an important role. The electromagnetic pulses in neural systems are created by transmembrane ionic fluxes through a cluster of ion channels embedded in a lipid membrane, but the high-power pulses released by electric eels are simultaneously generated by billions of ion channels. An overlooked function of the nano-dielectrics is that they build up a network serving as the major transmitting paths for electromagnetic pulses in dendrites and axons, and even in ordinary cell membranes. Many fundamental questions in the working mechanisms of nano-dielectrics in nature biosystems remain open and answers to these questions may lead to novel, high-efficiency manmade power supplies and a better understanding of brain functions.

本文综述了纳米介电材料在生物系统中的应用及其功能。生物系统中观察到的各种电磁现象,从各种神经系统中产生的微弱电脉冲,到电鳗中产生的感应和攻击猎物的大功率电脉冲,脂质膜等纳米电介质一直起着重要的作用。神经系统中的电磁脉冲是由嵌入在脂质膜中的一簇离子通道通过跨膜离子通量产生的,但电鳗释放的高功率脉冲是由数十亿个离子通道同时产生的。纳米电介质的一个被忽视的功能是,它们在树突和轴突,甚至在普通细胞膜中建立起一个网络,作为电磁脉冲的主要传输路径。纳米电介质在自然生物系统中工作机制的许多基本问题仍然是开放的,这些问题的答案可能导致新的、高效率的人造电源和更好地理解大脑功能。
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引用次数: 0
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IET Nanodielectrics
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