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Sandwich-structured PPy-TiO2/PVDF composite films with outstanding dielectric properties and energy density 具有优异介电性能和能量密度的夹层结构PPy - tio2 /PVDF复合薄膜
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12031
Jinyue Qiu, Ling Weng, Xiaorui Zhang, Yu Su

Improving the energy storage density of dielectric capacitors has absorbed extensive attention for energy storage. However, a decrease in breakdown strength may be aroused after the addition of abundant fillers, it is necessary to design the composite film with a sandwich structure without the sacrifice of mechanical properties. The PPy-TiO2/PVDF monolayer film and PVDF/PPy-TiO2/PVDF sandwich-structured composite films were successfully prepared via electrospinning and a hot-press treatment. The experiment results show that the dielectric constant of the composite films can be enhanced effectively by adding PPy-TiO2.When the filling amount is 30 wt%, the energy storage density of PVDF/PPy-TiO2/PVDF sandwich-structured composite films is outstanding before the breakdown strength, which is higher than that of the pure PVDF film. The energy storage density of PVDF/PPy-TiO2/PVDF sandwich-structured composite films could be achieved to 2.68 J/cm3 under the electric strength of 1700 kV/cm.

提高介质电容器的储能密度已引起储能领域的广泛关注。然而,大量填料的加入会引起击穿强度的降低,因此有必要在不牺牲力学性能的前提下设计夹层结构的复合膜。通过静电纺丝和热压处理,成功制备了PPy-TiO2/PVDF单层膜和PVDF/PPy-TiO2/PVDF三明治结构复合膜。实验结果表明,添加py - tio2可以有效地提高复合膜的介电常数。当填充量为30 wt%时,PVDF/ py - tio2 /PVDF三明治结构复合膜在击穿强度前的储能密度突出,高于纯PVDF膜。在1700 kV/cm的电强度下,PVDF/ py - tio2 /PVDF三明治结构复合薄膜的储能密度可达到2.68 J/cm3。
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引用次数: 8
Fabrication and actuation characterisation of a new UV curing acrylic dielectric elastomer 一种新型紫外光固化丙烯酸介电弹性体的制备及其致动特性
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-03-12 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12035
Wen-Zhuo Dong, Yu Zhao, Li-Juan Yin, Zhi-Min Dang

Most commonly used dielectric elastomers (DEs) such as acrylic dielectric elastomers VHBTM 4910 need a high actuation voltage and pre-stretching to obtain a large actuation strain, and present high mechanical loss caused by viscoelasticity. In this work, we fabricated a new acrylic elastomer by UV curing based on CN9021 and lauryl acrylate. By manipulating crosslinker content, crosslink density changed and physical entanglements of the new material can be affected. Therefore, mechanical properties such as Young's Modulus and mechanical loss of the new material can be controlled, and little change of its glass transition temperature was induced. Results of the actuation test show that the new DE is capable of 9.0% actuation area strain under 11 kV/mm and a good performance under oscillating voltage with different waveforms and frequencies.

最常用的介电弹性体(DEs),如丙烯酸介电弹性体VHBTM 4910,需要高的驱动电压和预拉伸才能获得较大的驱动应变,并且存在高的粘弹性引起的机械损失。本文以CN9021和丙烯酸月桂酯为基料,采用紫外光固化法制备了一种新型丙烯酸弹性体。通过改变交联剂的含量,可以改变交联剂的密度,从而影响新材料的物理缠结。因此,新材料的杨氏模量和力学损失等力学性能可以得到控制,且玻璃化转变温度变化不大。驱动试验结果表明,在11 kV/mm下,新型DE的驱动区域应变为9.0%,在不同波形和频率的振荡电压下具有良好的性能。
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引用次数: 5
Identification of nanocomposites agglomerates in scanning electron microscopy images based on semantic segmentation 基于语义分割的扫描电镜图像中纳米复合材料团聚体识别
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12034
Yu Bai, Yan Wang, Dayuan Qiang, Xin Yuan, Jiehui Wu, Weilong Chen, Sai Zhang, Yanru Zhang, George Chen

The agglomeration causes a significant challenge to nanodielectrics. Identification of agglomerates in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images is an important step of solving this issue. Motivated by the fast development of image recognition in computer vision, we propose a new approach for agglomerates identification in SEM images of nanodielectrics by semantic segmentation, which is more efficient and accurate than traditional methods. Three models based on convolutional neural networks are investigated in this work, namely pixel blocks classification network, full convolutional segmentation network employed with data augmentation and unsupervised self-encoding network. All three networks can preliminarily identify agglomerates of spherical silica-based blend polyethylene nanocomposites. The mean intersection over union (mIoU) of pixel blocks classification network is 0.843 and it takes 25 s to process an image. Full convolutional segmentation network only needs 0.059 s to process a sample, with a mIoU of 0.777. Unsupervised self-encoding network can reach a mIoU of 0.747 at a speed of 5.806 s. According to the amount of data sets, and requirements for different speed and accuracy, three kinds of networks can be flexibly selected.

这种结块现象给纳米电介质带来了巨大的挑战。扫描电镜(SEM)图像中团聚体的识别是解决这一问题的重要步骤。在计算机视觉图像识别技术快速发展的背景下,本文提出了一种基于语义分割的纳米电介质扫描电镜图像团聚体识别新方法,该方法比传统方法更高效、更准确。本文研究了基于卷积神经网络的三种模型,即像素块分类网络、数据增强的全卷积分割网络和无监督自编码网络。这三种网络都可以初步识别球形硅基共混聚乙烯纳米复合材料的团聚体。像素块分类网络的平均交联数(mIoU)为0.843,处理一幅图像所需时间为25 s。全卷积分割网络处理一个样本只需要0.059 s, mIoU为0.777。无监督自编码网络以5.806 s的速度达到0.747的mIoU。根据数据集的数量,以及对不同速度和精度的要求,可以灵活选择三种网络。
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引用次数: 0
A review on the research progress and future development of nano-modified cellulose insulation paper 综述了纳米改性纤维素绝缘纸的研究进展及发展前景
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12032
Chao Tang, Rui Chen, Jinzhu Zhang, Xiao Peng, Binghao Chen, Liusheng Zhang

Focussing on the insulating material of power transformer—cellulose insulation paper, this paper first introduces the basic characteristics and engineering application background of insulation paper. Then, the research progress of improving the mechanical properties, thermal stability and electrical properties of insulation paper by nano modification in recent years is compared, and the promotion mechanism is analysed. In addition, in practical engineering application, the oil–paper composite insulation system composed of insulation paper and insulating oil is used for the internal insulation of oil immersed transformer. Therefore, the influence of modified insulation paper on the performance of oil–paper composite insulation system is analysed. Finally, the newly reported new insulation paper is introduced, and the future development trend of modification of traditional insulation paper is analysed.

针对电力变压器的绝缘材料——纤维素绝缘纸,首先介绍了绝缘纸的基本特性和工程应用背景。然后,比较了近年来纳米改性提高绝缘纸力学性能、热稳定性和电性能的研究进展,并分析了其促进机理。此外,在实际工程应用中,采用由绝缘纸和绝缘油组成的油纸复合绝缘系统进行油浸式变压器的内部绝缘。因此,分析了改性绝缘纸对油纸复合绝缘系统性能的影响。最后介绍了新报道的新型绝缘纸,并对传统绝缘纸改性的未来发展趋势进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
Guest Editorial: Biological nanodielectrics 客座编辑:生物纳米电介质
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12033
U. Reibetanz
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced electromechanical performance of natural rubber dielectric elastomers achieved by in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on TiO2 nanoparticles 通过在二氧化钛纳米粒子上原位合成纳米银,提高了天然橡胶介电弹性体的机电性能
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12030
Liyuan Yu, Tingting Hu, Dan Yang, Qungui Wei

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) could transduce electrical energy to mechanical energy, but their applications are currently limited by the elevated driving voltages. To obtain satisfactory actuated strains at low voltages, titanate oxide@tannic acid-ferric ion@silver (labelled as TiO2@TA-Fe3+@Ag) satellite-structure nanoparticles were obtained in this study by in situ synthesis followed by incorporating the nanoparticles into natural rubber (NR) to prepare DE composites (denoted as TiO2@TA-Fe3+@Ag/NR). The presence of surface coating of TA-Fe3+ and Ag nanoparticles improved the electromechanical performance of TiO2@TA-Fe3+@Ag/NR composites. Among the samples, 30 wt% TiO2@TA-Fe3+@Ag/NR composite displayed a relatively high actuated strain of 9.09% at a relatively low electric field of 22.78 kV/mm. In sum, the green, facile, and cost-effective surface modification method looks promising for improving the electromechanical properties of particulate-filled polymer composites.

介电弹性体(DEs)可以将电能转化为机械能,但其应用目前受到驱动电压升高的限制。为了在低电压下获得满意的驱动应变,本研究通过原位合成获得钛酸盐oxide@tannic酸铁ion@silver(标记为TiO2@TA-Fe3+@Ag)卫星结构纳米颗粒,然后将纳米颗粒掺入天然橡胶(NR)中制备DE复合材料(标记为TiO2@TA-Fe3+@Ag/NR)。TA-Fe3+和Ag纳米颗粒表面涂层的存在提高了TiO2@TA-Fe3+@Ag/NR复合材料的机电性能。其中,30 wt% TiO2@TA-Fe3+@Ag/NR复合材料在22.78 kV/mm的较低电场下,激发应变较高,达到9.09%。总之,绿色、简便、经济的表面改性方法有望改善颗粒填充聚合物复合材料的机电性能。
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引用次数: 5
Review of machine learning-driven design of polymer-based dielectrics 聚合物基电介质的机器学习驱动设计综述
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12029
Ming-Xiao Zhu, Ting Deng, Lei Dong, Ji-Ming Chen, Zhi-Min Dang

Polymer-based dielectrics are extensively applied in various electrical and electronic devices such as capacitors, power transmission cables and microchips, in which a variety of distinct performances such as the dielectric and thermal properties are desired. To fulfil these properties, the emerging machine learning (ML) technique has been used to establish a surrogate model for the structure–property linkage analysis, which provides an effective tool for the rational design of the chemical and morphological structure of polymers/nanocomposites. In this article, the authors reviewed the recent progress in the ML algorithms and their applications in the rational design of polymer-based dielectrics. The main routes for collecting training data including online libraries, experiments and high-throughput computations are first summarized. The fingerprints charactering the microstructures of polymers/nanocomposites are presented, followed by the illustration of ML models to establish a mapping between the fingerprinted input and the target properties. Further, inverse design methods such as evolution searching strategies and generative models are described, which are exploited to accelerate the discovery of new polymer-based dielectrics. Moreover, structure–property linkage analysis techniques such as Pearson correlation calculation, decision-tree-based methods and interpretable neural networks are summarized to identify the key features affecting the target properties. The future development prospects of the ML-driven design method for polymer-based dielectrics are also presented in this review.

聚合物基电介质广泛应用于各种电气和电子设备,如电容器、输电电缆和微芯片,其中需要各种不同的性能,如介电性能和热性能。为了实现这些特性,新兴的机器学习(ML)技术已被用于建立结构-性能连接分析的替代模型,这为合理设计聚合物/纳米复合材料的化学和形态结构提供了一个有效的工具。在这篇文章中,作者回顾了ML算法的最新进展及其在聚合物基电介质合理设计中的应用。首先总结了收集训练数据的主要途径,包括在线库、实验和高通量计算。给出了表征聚合物/纳米复合材料微观结构的指纹,然后举例说明了ML模型,以建立指纹输入和目标特性之间的映射。此外,还描述了进化搜索策略和生成模型等逆向设计方法,这些方法被用来加速新的聚合物基电介质的发现。此外,还总结了结构-性能链接分析技术,如Pearson相关计算、基于决策树的方法和可解释神经网络,以识别影响目标性能的关键特征。本文还介绍了聚合物基电介质ML驱动设计方法的未来发展前景。
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引用次数: 15
Nano-materials for engineering application 纳米材料的工程应用
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-08-27 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12028
Surajit Chattopadhyay, Bo-Xue Du, Zhi-Min Dang, George Chen

Nano-materials have undergone tremendous advancement in recent years, specifically in the field of engineering applications. To demonstrate these advances, seven high quality articles have been presented in this Special Issue, including one review and six original research works in various fields of engineering applications.

Reference [1], ‘Polypropylene-based nanocomposites for high voltage direct current (HVDC) cable insulation’ (by Adnan, M. et al.), presents an excellent review of different aspects of nanomaterials used in cable insulation for HVDC applications. The review shows that nanocomposites based on polypropylene exhibit enhanced dielectric properties, making them suitable for DC high voltage applications. Electrical double-layer, multicore and multi-region structure models are used for nanocomposite materials. Different fabrication methods have been improved, such as ‘Intercalation method’, ‘Sol gel method’ and ‘In situ polymerisation’. The paper presents DC breakdown characteristics for nanofiller loading, followed by the different types and effects for different nanocomposites.

In Reference [2], ‘Structure for fast photonic medium on application of space-division multiplexing (SDM) communication using SiO2 doped with GeO2, and F materials’ (by Behera, B. et al.), an advanced doping structure has been found suitable for applications in SDM communication for a fast photonic medium. A few-mode fibre has been introduced which shows a very small bit-error-rate, confirming the suitability of the advanced doping structure.

In Reference [3], ‘Nickel-cobalt-zinc ferrite nanoparticles for radio-frequency/terahertz frequency-selective surface application’ (by Arya, M. et al.), an advanced nanoparticle structure has been introduced for radio-frequency/terahertz frequency-selective surface applications. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy was used for analysis which revealed that the saturation magnetisation, remanent magnetisation and coercivity increased with an increase in temperature from 50 to 300 K.

Reference [4], ‘Investigation on the partial discharge characteristics of eco-friendly nanofluid insulation of corn oil nanofluid’ (by Shantha Kumar M. et al.), has revealed phase-resolved partial discharge analysis useful features of corn oil nanofluid. The oil is biodegradable in nature and, moreover, the analysis with different percentages of SiO2 has shown improvements of partial discharge inception voltage, reduction of the repetition rate, equivalent time length, magnitude, lower discharge activity due to a rise in the wave shape etc. Thus, the authors have shown that it can be considered eco-friendly as well as an alternate for mineral oils.

Reference [5], ‘Switching transient-based state of ampere-hour prediction of lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal-hydride and lead acid batteries used in vehicles’ (

纳米材料近年来取得了巨大的进步,特别是在工程应用领域。为了证明这些进展,本期特刊发表了七篇高质量的文章,包括一篇综述和六篇原创研究论文,涉及工程应用的各个领域。参考文献[1],“用于高压直流(HVDC)电缆绝缘的聚丙烯基纳米复合材料”(由Adnan, M. et al.撰写),对用于高压直流应用的电缆绝缘的纳米材料的不同方面进行了极好的回顾。研究表明,基于聚丙烯的纳米复合材料具有增强的介电性能,使其适合于直流高压应用。纳米复合材料采用电双层、多核和多区域结构模型。不同的制备方法得到了改进,如“插层法”、“溶胶-凝胶法”和“原位聚合法”。介绍了负载纳米填料的直流击穿特性,以及不同类型的纳米复合材料对直流击穿的影响。在文献[2]“使用SiO2掺杂GeO2和F材料的空分复用(SDM)通信应用中的快速光子介质结构”(Behera, B. et al.)中,发现了一种适用于快速光子介质的SDM通信的先进掺杂结构。引入了一种具有非常小的误码率的少模光纤,证实了这种先进掺杂结构的适用性。在参考文献[3],“用于射频/太赫兹频率选择表面应用的镍钴锌铁氧体纳米颗粒”(Arya, M.等人)中,为射频/太赫兹频率选择表面应用引入了一种先进的纳米颗粒结构。在50 ~ 300 K温度范围内,饱和磁化强度、剩余磁化强度和矫顽力随温度的升高而增大。文献[4],“玉米油纳米流体生态友好型纳米流体绝缘的局部放电特性研究”(Shantha Kumar M. et al.)揭示了玉米油纳米流体相分辨局部放电分析的有用特征。该油在本质上是可生物降解的,此外,不同SiO2含量的分析表明,局部放电起始电压的改善,重复率的降低,等效时间长度和强度的降低,由于波形的上升而导致的放电活性降低等。因此,作者已经表明,它可以被认为是环保的,以及矿物油的替代品。参考文献[5],“基于开关暂态的车用锂离子电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池和铅酸电池的安培小时状态预测”(Ray, D.K.等人),提出了一种基于小波统计分析的安培小时状态预测方法。该方法可以有效地预测所选电池在运行初期的电量状态。文献[6],“通过以氧化石墨烯为支撑核心的对比研究来理解还原氧化石墨烯负载的聚苯胺介电纳米板的增强电流变效应”(Yuan, J. et al.),提出了以氧化石墨烯为支撑核心的对比研究。作者给出了设计实用的高性能电流变材料的指导方针。参考文献[7],“高频测量聚苯胺和氧化石墨纳米复合材料的介电常数和抗菌性能”(由Shubha, L.N.等人),介绍了测量选定纳米复合材料的介电常数和抗菌性能的先进技术。在100 MHz-3 GHz的频率范围内,使用射频阻抗分析仪分析复合材料的介电响应。作者发现介电响应随频率的增加而减小。在高频率下,由于电场的变化非常快,偶极子会自行排列,因此介电常数较小。在1 GHz时介电常数为25,在3 GHz时介电常数约为2,其中聚苯胺/氧化石墨(PANI/GO)复合材料的氧化石墨含量为30%。当氧化石墨烯掺杂量为30%时,介质损耗和常数均达到最大值。上述一些作品已经在IET的旗舰活动“迈克尔·法拉第IET国际峰会(2020年10月3日至4日)”的早期阶段进行了展示。完整的问题涵盖了高压直流系统中纳米材料的回顾,纳米材料在工程应用中的结构、建模、实用和测量技术的进展。包括低频和高频的特征。 希望本课题能引出更多纳米材料在工程应用中的新兴问题,并为今后的研究提供潜在的方向。
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引用次数: 1
A review of surface roughness impact on dielectric film properties 表面粗糙度对介电膜性能影响的研究进展
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-07-10 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12026
Guanghui Song, Yaojin Wang, Daniel Q. Tan

The importance of surface roughness with respect to the bulk properties of dielectric materials is often overlooked. Surface roughness or interfaces between different material layers often significantly affects the external properties of thin films. Surface roughness holds its commonalty and critical impact among many materials properties. This review summarises the recent work on the effect of surface roughness on the mechanical, thermal, physical, and dielectric properties of dielectric films. Appropriate roughness favours adhesion, filtration, biological fouling, tribological properties, and magnetic properties. Nevertheless, lower roughness generally benefits the dielectric properties of dielectric materials, with thicknesses ranging from a few nanometres to up to 50 μm. This review discusses surface roughness control and the techniques of measurement as well. It emphasises the importance and characterisation of sample surface roughness for a better understanding of the dielectric phenomenon, mechanisms, and electrical stress test setup for various dielectric films.

相对于介电材料的体积特性,表面粗糙度的重要性常常被忽视。表面粗糙度或不同材料层之间的界面通常会显著影响薄膜的外部性能。表面粗糙度在许多材料特性中具有共性和关键性的影响。本文综述了近年来有关表面粗糙度对介电薄膜的机械、热、物理和介电性能影响的研究进展。适当的粗糙度有利于附着力,过滤,生物污垢,摩擦学性能和磁性。然而,较低的粗糙度通常有利于介电材料的介电性能,其厚度从几纳米到50 μm不等。本文讨论了表面粗糙度的控制和测量技术。它强调了样品表面粗糙度的重要性和特征,以便更好地理解介电现象、机制和各种介电薄膜的电应力测试设置。
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引用次数: 22
High-frequency measurement of dielectric permittivity and antimicrobial properties of polyaniline and graphite oxide nanocomposites 聚苯胺和氧化石墨纳米复合材料介电常数和抗菌性能的高频测量
IF 2.7 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2021-06-05 DOI: 10.1049/nde2.12025
Shubha L.N., ChandraBabu Putta

The polyaniline/graphite oxide (PANI/GO) nanocomposite was prepared by the in situ chemical polymerisation method. The synthesis involved the formation of dark green coloured polyaniline/graphite oxide composite. The crystalline structure and morphology of the composite were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The characteristic peaks in XRD and UV-visible spectra confirmed the formation of the PANI/GO nanocomposite. DC conductivity measurements were performed using a two-probe method. Dielectric responses of the composites were investigated in the frequency range100 MHz to 3 GHz by the RF impedance analyser. The dielectric constant ϵ′(w) and dielectric loss ϵ′′(w) were investigated. It was observed that the dielectric constant ϵ′(w) and dielectric loss ϵ′′(w) decreased with an increase in frequencies (for different wt % of GO). The antibacterial activity of this composite was examined.

采用原位化学聚合法制备了聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯(PANI/GO)纳米复合材料。该合成涉及形成深绿色聚苯胺/氧化石墨复合材料。采用紫外可见光谱(UV)、x射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对复合材料的晶体结构和形貌进行了研究。XRD和紫外可见光谱的特征峰证实了聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料的形成。直流电导率测量采用双探头法进行。利用射频阻抗分析仪研究了复合材料在100 MHz ~ 3 GHz频率范围内的介电响应。研究了介电常数ε′(w)和介电损耗ε′(w)。我们观察到介电常数ε′(w)和介电损耗ε′(w)随频率的增加而减小(对于不同的氧化石墨烯wt %)。考察了该复合材料的抗菌活性。
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引用次数: 1
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