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2010 11th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)最新文献

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A multilevel multilayer partitioning algorithm for three dimensional integrated circuits 三维集成电路的多层分划算法
Pub Date : 2010-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450533
Y. Hu, Yin Lin Chung, Mely Chen Chi
In this paper, we propose a multilevel multilayer partitioning algorithm for 3D ICs application. The algorithm is based on the multilevel framework to coarsen the netlist successively. A multilayer partitioning procedure is applied on each level of partition during the un-coarsening process. The objective is to minimize the total number of Through Silicon Via (TSV) while observing the area constraint for each layer. The area of each layer is the summation of circuit area and TSV area. The partitioning algorithm is customized for the structure of 3D ICs. We utilize a FM-like data structure and identify eight critical net distributions such that after a cell move, the program can update gains very effectively. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively produce good results with small numbers of TSV, area overhead, and area coefficient of variation for the tested industrial cases. The average area overhead is only 1.84% that shows the average white space is very small. The average area coefficient of variation is only 2.61% that shows area distribution of all layers is very uniform. The results also achieve the best average value for both number of TSVs and chip area, compared to all participating teams in “Design Partition for 3D ICs” problem in the IC/CAD 2009 contest in Taiwan.
本文提出了一种适用于三维集成电路的多层分划算法。该算法基于多层框架对网表进行逐级粗化。在非粗化过程中,在每个分区级别上应用多层分区过程。我们的目标是在观察每一层的面积限制的同时最小化通硅孔(TSV)的总数。每层的面积是电路面积和TSV面积的总和。划分算法是针对三维集成电路的结构定制的。我们利用类似fm的数据结构,并确定了八个关键的网络分布,以便在单元移动后,程序可以非常有效地更新增益。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地以较少的TSV、面积开销和面积变异系数获得较好的结果。平均面积开销仅为1.84%,这表明平均空白空间非常小。平均面积变异系数仅为2.61%,表明各层面积分布非常均匀。与台湾IC/CAD 2009竞赛“3D IC的设计分割”问题的所有参赛团队相比,结果也达到了tsv数量和芯片面积的最佳平均值。
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引用次数: 23
Case studies of mixed-signal DFT 混合信号DFT的实例研究
Pub Date : 2010-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450517
R. Datta, M. Warhadpande, D. Heaton, S. Aarthi, R. Jonnavithula
Significant growth in demand for mixed signal parts, and an increased level of integration of such parts into SOCs have created or exacerbated several test related challenges. Techniques like design-for-testability (DFT) have been applied to overcome some of these challenges. In this paper, we present case studies of one of the most common DFT techniques for mixed-signal devices, namely, analog loopback testing of data converters. Theoretical analysis of loopback testing is presented, along with silicon test results for stand-alone, internal loopback and external loopback testing of data converter in an industrial chip. These results are used to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of these two variants of mixed-signal DFT, i.e., internal and external loopback testing of data converters.
混合信号部件需求的显著增长,以及这些部件集成到soc中的水平的提高,已经产生或加剧了一些与测试相关的挑战。像可测试性设计(DFT)这样的技术已经被应用于克服这些挑战。在本文中,我们介绍了混合信号设备中最常见的DFT技术之一的案例研究,即数据转换器的模拟环回测试。介绍了环回测试的理论分析,并给出了工业芯片中数据转换器的独立、内部环回和外部环回测试的硅测试结果。这些结果用于评估混合信号DFT的这两种变体的可行性和有效性,即数据转换器的内部和外部环回测试。
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引用次数: 0
On the design of different concurrent EDC schemes for S-Box and GF(p) S-Box和GF不同并发EDC方案的设计(p)
Pub Date : 2010-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450467
J. Mathew, H. Rahaman, A. Jabir, S. Mohanty, D. Pradhan
Recent studies have shown that an attacker can retrieve confidential information from cryptographic hardware (e.g. the secret key) by introducing internal faults. A secure and reliable implementation of cryptographic algorithms in hardware must be able to detect or correct such malicious attacks. Error detection/correction (EDC), through fault tolerance, could be an effective way to mitigate such fault attacks in cryptographic hardware. To this end, we analyze the area, delay, and power overhead for designing the S-Box, which is one of the main complex blocks in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), with error detection and correction capability. We use multiple Parity Predictions (PPs), based on various error correcting codes, to detect and correct errors. Various coding techniques are presented, which include simple parity prediction, split parity codes, Hamming, Hsiao, and LDPC codes. The S-Box, GF(p), and PP circuits are synthesized from the specifications, while the decoding and correction circuits are combined to form the complete designs. The analysis shows a comparison of the different approaches characterized by their error detection capability.
最近的研究表明,攻击者可以通过引入内部故障从加密硬件(例如秘密密钥)中检索机密信息。在硬件中安全可靠地实现加密算法必须能够检测或纠正此类恶意攻击。通过容错,错误检测/纠正(EDC)可能是减轻加密硬件中此类错误攻击的有效方法。S-Box是高级加密标准(Advanced Encryption Standard, AES)中主要的复杂块之一,具有错误检测和纠错功能,本文分析了S-Box设计的面积、延迟和功耗。我们使用基于各种纠错码的多个奇偶性预测(PPs)来检测和纠正错误。介绍了各种编码技术,包括简单奇偶预测、分割奇偶码、Hamming码、Hsiao码和LDPC码。根据规格合成S-Box、GF(p)、PP电路,结合译码和纠错电路构成完整的设计。分析比较了不同方法的错误检测能力。
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引用次数: 15
Leakage temperature dependency modeling in system level analysis 系统级分析中的泄漏温度相关性建模
Pub Date : 2010-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450539
Huang Huang, Gang Quan, Jeffrey Fan
As the semiconductor technology continues its marching toward the deep sub-micron domain, the strong relation between leakage current and temperature becomes critical in power-aware and thermal-aware design for electronic systems. Previous circuit-level research results can capture the leakage/temperature dependency accurately, but can be too complex and thus ineffective in high level system design. In this paper, we study a large spectrum of leakage power models that are able to account for the leakage/temperature dependency, and in the meantime, are simple enough and suitable for system level design. We analyze and compare the tradeoff between the complexity and accuracy of these models empirically. Our experimental results strengthen the important role that the leakage power consumption plays in the electronic system design as the transistor size continues to shrink. More importantly, our results highlight the fact that it is vital to take the leakage/temperature and leakage/supply voltage dependency into considerations for high level power and thermal aware system level design.
随着半导体技术不断向深亚微米领域发展,泄漏电流和温度之间的密切关系在电子系统的功率感知和热感知设计中变得至关重要。以前的电路级研究结果可以准确地捕获泄漏/温度依赖关系,但可能过于复杂,因此在高层次系统设计中效果不佳。在本文中,我们研究了一个能够考虑泄漏/温度依赖关系的大谱泄漏功率模型,同时,它足够简单,适合于系统级设计。我们分析和比较了这些模型的复杂性和准确性之间的权衡。我们的实验结果加强了泄漏功耗在晶体管尺寸不断缩小的电子系统设计中的重要作用。更重要的是,我们的结果强调了这样一个事实,即在高电平功率和热感知系统级设计中,将泄漏/温度和泄漏/电源电压依赖性纳入考虑是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 30
Use of scalable Parametric Measurement Macro to improve semiconductor technology characterization and product test 使用可扩展的参数测量宏来改进半导体技术表征和产品测试
Pub Date : 2010-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450445
J. Bickford, N. Habib, John Goss, R. McMahon, R. Joshi, R. Kanj
Use of a Scaling Parametric Macro (SPM) provides more accurate product level environment parametric information than scribe line (Kerf) structures. This paper compares drive current (Ion) data obtained with the SPM macros to scribe line structure Ion measurements. SPM macros provide less variation than scribe line structures. Since SPM is small enough to be included in all products, the SPM macro provides improved Ion product screening
使用缩放参数宏(SPM)提供比划线(Kerf)结构更准确的产品级环境参数信息。本文将得到的驱动电流(离子)数据与SPM宏进行了比较,并进行了划线结构离子测量。SPM宏提供的变化比划线结构少。由于SPM足够小,可以包含在所有产品中,SPM宏提供了改进的离子产品筛选
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引用次数: 4
Reliability analysis of analog circuits by lifetime yield prediction using worst-case distance degradation rate 基于最坏情况距离退化率的模拟电路寿命良率预测可靠性分析
Pub Date : 2010-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450477
X. Pan, H. Graeb
As semiconductor technology scales, manufacture process-related statistical variations and lifetime-dependent degradations contribute directly to the fluctuations of transistor parameters and circuit performances. Considering alone either the static process variation or the nominal lifetime degradation cannot ensure a robust design during the entire lifetime. It is thus highly necessary to obtain lifetime degradation information considering underlying process variation early at design phase. This paper establishes an innovative framework to predict the analog circuit behavior in its lifetime considering both process variations and degradation effects based on geometric lifetime yield analysis using worst-case distance degradation rate. Compared to Monte-Carlo-based methods and numerical optimization solutions, only performance and statistical parameter sensitivity analysis are required in the proposed framework.
随着半导体技术的规模化,与制造工艺相关的统计变化和寿命相关的退化直接导致晶体管参数和电路性能的波动。单独考虑静态过程变化或名义寿命退化不能确保在整个生命周期内的稳健设计。因此,在设计阶段早期考虑潜在的工艺变化,获得寿命退化信息是非常必要的。本文建立了一个创新的框架来预测模拟电路在其生命周期内的行为,同时考虑工艺变化和退化影响,基于几何寿命良率分析,使用最坏情况距离退化率。与基于蒙特卡罗的方法和数值优化方案相比,该框架只需要进行性能和统计参数敏感性分析。
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引用次数: 6
Asymmetric issues of FinFET device after hot carrier injection and impact on digital and analog circuits 热载流子注入后FinFET器件的不对称问题及其对数字和模拟电路的影响
Pub Date : 2010-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450542
Chenyue Ma, Hao Wang, Xiufang Zhang, F. He, Yadong He, Xing Zhang, Xinnan Lin
This paper presents the asymmetric issue of FinFET device after hot carrier injection (HCI) effect and impact on the digital and analog circuits. The interface state distribution along the FinFET channel is first extracted from hot carrier injection experimental data, and then develops a compact FinFET model to simulate the impact on asymmetric distribution of interface states to the device characteristics. The results show that the asymmetric degradation is much more significant in Ids-Vds characteristics than in Ids-Vgs characteristics. On the other hand, digital and analogy circuits exhibit different asymmetric performance degradation in various operation cases.
介绍了热载流子注入(HCI)效应后FinFET器件的不对称问题及其对数字和模拟电路的影响。首先从热载流子注入实验数据中提取出沿FinFET通道的界面态分布,然后建立一个紧凑的FinFET模型来模拟界面态不对称分布对器件特性的影响。结果表明,非对称降解在Ids-Vds特性中比在Ids-Vgs特性中更为显著。另一方面,数字电路和类比电路在不同的运行情况下表现出不同的不对称性能下降。
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引用次数: 2
Hot carrier effects on CMOS phase-locked loop frequency synthesizers CMOS锁相环频率合成器的热载流子效应
Pub Date : 2010-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450392
Yang Liu, A. Srivastava
Two CMOS phase-locked loop chips are designed and fabricated in 0.5 µm n-well CMOS process using single-ended voltage-controlled oscillator and differential voltage-controlled oscillator circuits. Hot carrier effects, jitter and phase noise performances are investigated and analyzed. On-chip measured experimental results show that for the phaselocked loop with the single-ended voltage-controlled oscillator working at 500 MHz carrier frequency, phase noise is −76 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency and −119 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. For the phase-locked loop with differential voltage-controlled oscillator working at 500 MHz, phase noise reaches −82 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset frequency and −122 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. Tuning frequencies of the two phase-locked loops decrease about 100–200 MHz when subjected to four hours of hot carrier stress. The single-ended VCO gain decreases from 260 MHz to 70 MHz due to hot carrier stress. For the phase-locked loop with the differential voltage-controlled oscillator, a 50 ps RMS jitter increase is observed under hot carrier stress.
采用单端压控振荡器和差分压控振荡器电路,在0.5µm n阱CMOS工艺中设计和制造了两个CMOS锁相环芯片。对热载流子效应、抖动和相位噪声性能进行了研究和分析。片上测量实验结果表明,对于工作在500 MHz载波频率的单端压控振荡器锁相环,在10 kHz偏置频率下相位噪声为- 76 dBc/Hz,在1 MHz偏置频率下相位噪声为- 119 dBc/Hz。对于工作频率为500mhz的差动压控振荡器锁相环,在偏移频率为1khz时相位噪声为- 82 dBc/Hz,偏移频率为1mhz时相位噪声为- 122 dBc/Hz。当热载流子应力作用4小时时,两个锁相环的调谐频率降低约100-200 MHz。由于热载流子应力,单端VCO增益从260mhz降低到70mhz。对于具有差分压控振荡器的锁相环,在热载流子应力下,RMS抖动增加了50 ps。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of power supply induced jitter in actively de-skewed multi-core systems 主动去斜多核系统电源诱发抖动分析
Pub Date : 2010-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450490
Derek Chan, Matthew R. Guthaus
This paper studies multi-core clock distribution using active deskewing methods. We propose an efficient methodology that uses Verilog-A to model PLLs, clock trees and power supply variation in multi-core designs. Using the methodology, we compare four different de-skewing topologies (region-based, linear, ring, and a tree) for nominal performance and robustness to power supply variation. We conclude that under nominal conditions, the ring and line topologies are better with a large number of cores, but, when power supply is considered, the region topology is best.
本文采用有源去偏方法研究多核时钟分布。我们提出了一种有效的方法,使用Verilog-A来模拟多核设计中的锁相环、时钟树和电源变化。使用该方法,我们比较了四种不同的去倾斜拓扑(基于区域的、线性的、环形的和树状的)的标称性能和对电源变化的鲁棒性。我们得出的结论是,在标称条件下,环形和线形拓扑结构在大量核心时更好,但是,当考虑电源时,区域拓扑结构是最好的。
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引用次数: 5
Worst-case noise prediction with non-zero current transition times for early power distribution system verification 基于非零电流过渡时间的最坏情况噪声预测用于配电系统早期验证
Pub Date : 2010-03-22 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450511
Peng Du, Xiang Hu, Shih-Hung Weng, A. S. Arani, Xiaoming Chen, A. Engin, Chung-Kuan Cheng
A novel method of predicting the worst-case noise of a power distribution system is proposed in this paper. This method takes into account the effect of the transition time of load currents, and thus allows a more realistic worst-case noise prediction. A dynamic programming algorithm is introduced on the time-domain impulse response of the power distribution system, and a modified Knuth-Yao Quadrangle Inequality Speedup is developed which reduces the time complexity of the algorithm to O(nmlog n), where n is the number of discretized current values and m is the number of zeros of the system impulse response. With the algorithm, the worst-case noise behavior of the power distribution system is investigated with respect to the transition time. Experimental results show that assuming a zero current transition time leads to an overly pessimistic worst-case noise prediction.
提出了一种预测配电系统最坏情况噪声的新方法。该方法考虑了负载电流过渡时间的影响,从而可以更真实地预测最坏情况下的噪声。介绍了配电系统时域脉冲响应的动态规划算法,提出了改进的Knuth-Yao四边形不等式加速算法,将算法的时间复杂度降低到O(nmlog n),其中n为离散电流值的个数,m为系统脉冲响应的零个数。利用该算法,研究了配电系统最坏情况下的噪声特性与过渡时间的关系。实验结果表明,假设电流过渡时间为零会导致最坏情况下的噪声预测过于悲观。
{"title":"Worst-case noise prediction with non-zero current transition times for early power distribution system verification","authors":"Peng Du, Xiang Hu, Shih-Hung Weng, A. S. Arani, Xiaoming Chen, A. Engin, Chung-Kuan Cheng","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2010.5450511","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method of predicting the worst-case noise of a power distribution system is proposed in this paper. This method takes into account the effect of the transition time of load currents, and thus allows a more realistic worst-case noise prediction. A dynamic programming algorithm is introduced on the time-domain impulse response of the power distribution system, and a modified Knuth-Yao Quadrangle Inequality Speedup is developed which reduces the time complexity of the algorithm to O(nmlog n), where n is the number of discretized current values and m is the number of zeros of the system impulse response. With the algorithm, the worst-case noise behavior of the power distribution system is investigated with respect to the transition time. Experimental results show that assuming a zero current transition time leads to an overly pessimistic worst-case noise prediction.","PeriodicalId":369046,"journal":{"name":"2010 11th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116542441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
期刊
2010 11th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)
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