Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2006.357228
Y. Fukuoka, T. Yasuoka, K. Kato, H. Saitoh, M. Sakaki, H. Okubo
In order to develop high voltage vacuum circuit breakers, it is important to clarify breakdown (BD) mechanism in vacuum, especially for long gap (longer than 10mm gap distance). This paper discusses the conditioning characteristics of a long gap electrode (up to 50mm), under non-uniform electric field in vacuum. Experimental results revealed that the influence of vacuum gap distance between electrodes on the BD voltage, the BD field strength and the BD occurring region. Maximum field strength at BD is nearly constant at 10-50 mm gap distance
{"title":"Breakdown Conditioning Characteristics of Long Gap Electrodes in Vacuum","authors":"Y. Fukuoka, T. Yasuoka, K. Kato, H. Saitoh, M. Sakaki, H. Okubo","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2006.357228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2006.357228","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop high voltage vacuum circuit breakers, it is important to clarify breakdown (BD) mechanism in vacuum, especially for long gap (longer than 10mm gap distance). This paper discusses the conditioning characteristics of a long gap electrode (up to 50mm), under non-uniform electric field in vacuum. Experimental results revealed that the influence of vacuum gap distance between electrodes on the BD voltage, the BD field strength and the BD occurring region. Maximum field strength at BD is nearly constant at 10-50 mm gap distance","PeriodicalId":369861,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126132983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2006.357223
E. Emelyanova
Experimental data for breakdown delay time in vacuum, which are received in electric fields of various degree of heterogeneity for pulses of different shape and duration, are analyzed and generalized. The results, which are obtained at differ experimental conditions under optimum performances of pulsed conditioning, are given rise to the conditions of uniform field and rectangular pulse with duration, tp1=0.5 mus. The united dependences of breakdown voltage U br(d) and electric strength E0(d) on interelectrode distance are obtained. Taking into account full-voltage effect, the curves of UbT(d) and E0(d) were plotted in the range of gap spacing of 3middot10-3lesdles 2middot102 mm, which overlaps five orders of magnitude. It is shown that the electric strength rises and the breakdown voltage decreases in the ranges of 2.5middot107lesE0les7.5middot108 V/m and 5middot103 lesUbr les 2.5 kV with distance decrease from 20 cm down to 3 mum
{"title":"Pulsed Electric Strength and Full-Voltage Effect","authors":"E. Emelyanova","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2006.357223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2006.357223","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental data for breakdown delay time in vacuum, which are received in electric fields of various degree of heterogeneity for pulses of different shape and duration, are analyzed and generalized. The results, which are obtained at differ experimental conditions under optimum performances of pulsed conditioning, are given rise to the conditions of uniform field and rectangular pulse with duration, t<sub>p1</sub>=0.5 mus. The united dependences of breakdown voltage U <sub>br</sub>(d) and electric strength E<sub>0</sub>(d) on interelectrode distance are obtained. Taking into account full-voltage effect, the curves of U<sub>b</sub>T(d) and E<sub>0</sub>(d) were plotted in the range of gap spacing of 3middot10<sup>-3</sup>lesdles 2middot10<sup>2</sup> mm, which overlaps five orders of magnitude. It is shown that the electric strength rises and the breakdown voltage decreases in the ranges of 2.5middot10<sup>7</sup>lesE<sub>0</sub>les7.5middot10<sup>8 </sup>V/m and 5middot10<sup>3</sup> lesU<sub>br</sub> les 2.5 kV with distance decrease from 20 cm down to 3 mum","PeriodicalId":369861,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124760793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2006.357407
K. Toyoda, Minoru Iwata, Mengu Cho
Space systems such as satellites, interplanetary probes or space stations, must overcome the space which has extremely severe environment consisting of space plasma, hyper-velocity particles, radiation, ultraviolet ray, atomic oxygen, vacuum, thermal cycles and so on. Even if a component has some troubles, it is usually impossible to repair it in space. Therefore, we often require performing the ground tests on the spacecrafts before its launch. It is an essential technology for exploring the final frontier to make spacecrafts work well on such severe condition. In December 2004, Kyushu Institute of Technology established a research center named as LaSEINE (Laboratory of Spacecraft Environment Interaction Engineering). In this research center, we carry out research and development of space environment technologies which is necessary to achieve the next-generation large-scale space utilization such as high-speed broadband communication, high-precision positioning, remote sensing, material creation, sight-seeing, exploration, energy generation. In this paper, we present activities performed in LaSEINE as for spacecraft charging and discharging
{"title":"Activities of Laboratory of Spacecraft Environment Interaction Engineering in Kyushu Institute of Technology","authors":"K. Toyoda, Minoru Iwata, Mengu Cho","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2006.357407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2006.357407","url":null,"abstract":"Space systems such as satellites, interplanetary probes or space stations, must overcome the space which has extremely severe environment consisting of space plasma, hyper-velocity particles, radiation, ultraviolet ray, atomic oxygen, vacuum, thermal cycles and so on. Even if a component has some troubles, it is usually impossible to repair it in space. Therefore, we often require performing the ground tests on the spacecrafts before its launch. It is an essential technology for exploring the final frontier to make spacecrafts work well on such severe condition. In December 2004, Kyushu Institute of Technology established a research center named as LaSEINE (Laboratory of Spacecraft Environment Interaction Engineering). In this research center, we carry out research and development of space environment technologies which is necessary to achieve the next-generation large-scale space utilization such as high-speed broadband communication, high-precision positioning, remote sensing, material creation, sight-seeing, exploration, energy generation. In this paper, we present activities performed in LaSEINE as for spacecraft charging and discharging","PeriodicalId":369861,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124801208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2006.357380
J. Kawai, H. Ishii, Y. Hosokawa
A charged-up insulator produces strong X-rays with a very narrow vacuum window between 0.03 and 0.04 Torr. Using this phenomenon, two types of compact X-ray emission tubes are made. Strong soft X-rays are observed when evacuating down to 0.04 Torr and applying a high voltage (0.5-5 kV) to these devices. The X-ray intensity is higher as the applied voltage is increased. A light-emitting phenomenon is observed when these devices emit X-rays. The present X-ray emitters have a potential to be used as a neutralizer of electric charge
{"title":"Terasawa-type small X-Ray Gas Tubes and its Application to Neutralizer for Static Electricity","authors":"J. Kawai, H. Ishii, Y. Hosokawa","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2006.357380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2006.357380","url":null,"abstract":"A charged-up insulator produces strong X-rays with a very narrow vacuum window between 0.03 and 0.04 Torr. Using this phenomenon, two types of compact X-ray emission tubes are made. Strong soft X-rays are observed when evacuating down to 0.04 Torr and applying a high voltage (0.5-5 kV) to these devices. The X-ray intensity is higher as the applied voltage is increased. A light-emitting phenomenon is observed when these devices emit X-rays. The present X-ray emitters have a potential to be used as a neutralizer of electric charge","PeriodicalId":369861,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","volume":"119 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127245333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2006.357256
Liao Min-fu, Zou Ji-yan, Duan Xiong-ying, Fan Xing-ming, Sun Hui
The maximum possible improvement factor of VCB with double or multiple breaks compared with one-break, which have the same equivalent gap length, is deduced. Simultaneously, from the research on the breakdown weak points in high voltage vacuum gaps, their turn out and distribution, a theoretic model was set up for describing the statistical property of multi-breaks VCB's. This paper describes dielectric experiments on the commercial vacuum interrupter arrangements with single break or triple breaks in series. The experiments were carried out under lightning impulse voltage (LIV). It shows that the more numbers in series are, the higher the breakdown voltage improvement factor is. The statistical results show that the triple-break vacuum interrupters in series have the lower breakdown probability compared with the single-break one. It can be demonstrated in a preliminary study that the experimental results do confirm with the previous theoretical studies
{"title":"Dielectric Strength and Statistical Property of Single and Triple-Break Vacuum Interrupters in Series","authors":"Liao Min-fu, Zou Ji-yan, Duan Xiong-ying, Fan Xing-ming, Sun Hui","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2006.357256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2006.357256","url":null,"abstract":"The maximum possible improvement factor of VCB with double or multiple breaks compared with one-break, which have the same equivalent gap length, is deduced. Simultaneously, from the research on the breakdown weak points in high voltage vacuum gaps, their turn out and distribution, a theoretic model was set up for describing the statistical property of multi-breaks VCB's. This paper describes dielectric experiments on the commercial vacuum interrupter arrangements with single break or triple breaks in series. The experiments were carried out under lightning impulse voltage (LIV). It shows that the more numbers in series are, the higher the breakdown voltage improvement factor is. The statistical results show that the triple-break vacuum interrupters in series have the lower breakdown probability compared with the single-break one. It can be demonstrated in a preliminary study that the experimental results do confirm with the previous theoretical studies","PeriodicalId":369861,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","volume":"692 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130592118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2006.357252
O. Yamamoto, S. Markon, H. Morii, H. Omura
This paper describes experimental results on surface charging of partially mechanically processed insulators in vacuum. The charging phenomena were observed when insulators were exposed to a ramped dc voltage, by using a capacitive probe embedded in the cathode. First, we examined a partially roughened cylindrical insulator. The height of the roughened surface measured from the cathode, was varied while keeping the total length of the insulator constant. Second, in the same way, we examined a cylindrical insulator having a truncated conical frustum or a chamfer at its cathode-side end. Based on these experiments we have proved that the partial mechanical processing is effective for suppressing insulator charging in vacuum
{"title":"Depression of Insulator Charging in Vacuum by Partial Mechanical Processing","authors":"O. Yamamoto, S. Markon, H. Morii, H. Omura","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2006.357252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2006.357252","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes experimental results on surface charging of partially mechanically processed insulators in vacuum. The charging phenomena were observed when insulators were exposed to a ramped dc voltage, by using a capacitive probe embedded in the cathode. First, we examined a partially roughened cylindrical insulator. The height of the roughened surface measured from the cathode, was varied while keeping the total length of the insulator constant. Second, in the same way, we examined a cylindrical insulator having a truncated conical frustum or a chamfer at its cathode-side end. Based on these experiments we have proved that the partial mechanical processing is effective for suppressing insulator charging in vacuum","PeriodicalId":369861,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130510923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2006.357254
Y. Yamano, M. Miyazaki, S. Kobayashi, Y. Saito
Most studies on a flashover event in vacuum has revealed that the surface charging on insulator has a great influence on the flashover. However, regarding most studies related to the surface charging, their measurements were carried out after high voltage excitation. In this research, the measurement of 2D surface charge distributions in real time has been carried out in vacuum by Pockels effect. With this measuring method, the charge distributions on a dielectric sample can be measured from the high voltage application to the surface flashover event. This paper describes the changes of the surface charge distributions on a PET film under non-uniform ac voltage application in vacuum. Moreover, using this method, the charge distribution just before and after a surface discharge event on the PET film has been measured. Especially we focus on the distribution near the triple junction just before and after the surface discharge event
{"title":"Measurement of 2-Dimensional Surface Charge Distributions under Vacuum Flashover Events on Insulators with Sub-milli-second temporal resolution","authors":"Y. Yamano, M. Miyazaki, S. Kobayashi, Y. Saito","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2006.357254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2006.357254","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies on a flashover event in vacuum has revealed that the surface charging on insulator has a great influence on the flashover. However, regarding most studies related to the surface charging, their measurements were carried out after high voltage excitation. In this research, the measurement of 2D surface charge distributions in real time has been carried out in vacuum by Pockels effect. With this measuring method, the charge distributions on a dielectric sample can be measured from the high voltage application to the surface flashover event. This paper describes the changes of the surface charge distributions on a PET film under non-uniform ac voltage application in vacuum. Moreover, using this method, the charge distribution just before and after a surface discharge event on the PET film has been measured. Especially we focus on the distribution near the triple junction just before and after the surface discharge event","PeriodicalId":369861,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129284974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2006.357406
H. Fujii, K. Kawabe
The anomaly of Japanese satellite ADEOS-II (Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II) appeared in 2003 was supposed to be caused by arcing discharges initiated due to ESD (electrostatic discharge) in the bundled wire-harnesses of the solar paddle. In order to make the condition of the occurrence of the discharge clear, it is necessary to evaluate the arcing discharge characteristics in vacuum quantitatively. Therefore we tried to investigate the characteristics of arcing discharge between two conductors consisting of a pair of wires for space use. The discharges were triggered by ESD released from a capacitor. These characteristics were obtained as parameters of the amplitude of the ESD, the pressure in the chamber and so on. We preliminarily obtained the result that the acing discharge time increased with increase of the amplitude of the ESD
{"title":"ESD-Triggered Arcing Discharges between Wires in Vacuum","authors":"H. Fujii, K. Kawabe","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2006.357406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2006.357406","url":null,"abstract":"The anomaly of Japanese satellite ADEOS-II (Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II) appeared in 2003 was supposed to be caused by arcing discharges initiated due to ESD (electrostatic discharge) in the bundled wire-harnesses of the solar paddle. In order to make the condition of the occurrence of the discharge clear, it is necessary to evaluate the arcing discharge characteristics in vacuum quantitatively. Therefore we tried to investigate the characteristics of arcing discharge between two conductors consisting of a pair of wires for space use. The discharges were triggered by ESD released from a capacitor. These characteristics were obtained as parameters of the amplitude of the ESD, the pressure in the chamber and so on. We preliminarily obtained the result that the acing discharge time increased with increase of the amplitude of the ESD","PeriodicalId":369861,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126633930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2006.357298
Lijun Wang, S. Jia, Z. Shi, Ling Zhang, M. Rong
Based on MHD model, high current vacuum arc (HCVA) is simulated and analyzed. In this model, the influence of ion kinetic energy and viscosity is considered. With the increase of arc current, plasma flow transits from supersonic to subsonic status; so, boundary conditions of cathode and anode side have to be adjusted. First, we simulate and analyze the fundamental characteristics of HCVA. Then, we simulate and analyze the influence of nonuniform distributed AMF on HCVA characteristics. According to the simulation results, the saddle-shaped AMF can more effectively inhibit plasma loss from arc column than that of bell-shaped AMF. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental results show the Tightness of model and simulation
{"title":"MUD simulation of high-current vacuum arc under different axial magnetic fields","authors":"Lijun Wang, S. Jia, Z. Shi, Ling Zhang, M. Rong","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2006.357298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2006.357298","url":null,"abstract":"Based on MHD model, high current vacuum arc (HCVA) is simulated and analyzed. In this model, the influence of ion kinetic energy and viscosity is considered. With the increase of arc current, plasma flow transits from supersonic to subsonic status; so, boundary conditions of cathode and anode side have to be adjusted. First, we simulate and analyze the fundamental characteristics of HCVA. Then, we simulate and analyze the influence of nonuniform distributed AMF on HCVA characteristics. According to the simulation results, the saddle-shaped AMF can more effectively inhibit plasma loss from arc column than that of bell-shaped AMF. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental results show the Tightness of model and simulation","PeriodicalId":369861,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126297385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2006.357366
H. Murata, T. Sakamaki, A. Yoshizawa, M. Uwatoko, S. Kogoshi
TiO2 films are known to be effective as a photo-catalyst for abatement of NOx and volatile organic compounds. However, they can't normally be activated with visible rays. The TiO2 films have been processed by hydrogen or nitrogen plasma in order to absorb some of visible rays. The abatement experiments of NOx and HCHO using the TiO2 films were carried out. The results showed that the reduction rate of NOx by the hydrogen plasma processed TiO2 film was higher than that of the nitrogen plasma processed one by 1.1 times and that of no processed one by 1.7 times when using a chemical lamp and by more than 10 times when using an ordinary fluorescent lamp, which suggests that the plasma processed TiO 2 films are activated with visible rays
{"title":"Improvement on the Property of TiO2 Films due to Plasma Processing","authors":"H. Murata, T. Sakamaki, A. Yoshizawa, M. Uwatoko, S. Kogoshi","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2006.357366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2006.357366","url":null,"abstract":"TiO2 films are known to be effective as a photo-catalyst for abatement of NOx and volatile organic compounds. However, they can't normally be activated with visible rays. The TiO2 films have been processed by hydrogen or nitrogen plasma in order to absorb some of visible rays. The abatement experiments of NOx and HCHO using the TiO2 films were carried out. The results showed that the reduction rate of NOx by the hydrogen plasma processed TiO2 film was higher than that of the nitrogen plasma processed one by 1.1 times and that of no processed one by 1.7 times when using a chemical lamp and by more than 10 times when using an ordinary fluorescent lamp, which suggests that the plasma processed TiO 2 films are activated with visible rays","PeriodicalId":369861,"journal":{"name":"2006 International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","volume":"83 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114117016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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