Atmospheric Environment: X最新文献_第8页

Impacts of wildfire smoke aerosols on radiation, clouds, precipitation, climate, and air quality 野火烟雾气溶胶对辐射、云、降水、气候和空气质量的影响

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100322

Rahele Barjeste Vaezi , Michael R. Martin , Farnaz Hosseinpour

Wildfires have become increasingly prevalent, impacting ecosystems, climate, and human health on a global scale. This review aims to present a comprehensive analysis of current knowledge on the environmental factors and conditions driving wildfires, the characteristics and transport of smoke emissions, along the broader impacts of wildfire smoke on the weather and climate. These impacts include changes in atmospheric radiation, cloud formation, atmospheric circulation, precipitation patterns, and air quality, as well as their effects on land cover, safety, and public health. Wildfire emissions include various pollutants such as particulate matter that alter the Earth's energy balance, reduce air quality, and impact cloud microphysics. Key interactions, such as the direct and indirect effects of smoke aerosols, affect cloud cover and lifetime, precipitation, atmospheric stability, and ultimately induce changes in weather and climate dynamics. Moreover, smoke transport extends the effects of wildfires thousands of kilometers beyond their sources, which reduces agricultural productivity, deteriorates human health, and threatens the environment. Advances in satellite retrievals and modeling techniques have improved the ability to monitor, analyze, and predict these complex interactions. Moreover, this review highlights the critical need for advancing research to more precisely quantify and project multi-scale trends in wildfire smoke and its far-reaching impact on public health, safety, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Developing more robust adaptation strategies and resilience measures is essential to effectively mitigate these complex, adverse effects on communities and the environment.

野火越来越普遍，在全球范围内影响着生态系统、气候和人类健康。本综述旨在全面分析当前关于驱动野火的环境因素和条件、烟雾排放的特征和传输以及野火烟雾对天气和气候的广泛影响的知识。这些影响包括大气辐射、云层形成、大气环流、降水模式和空气质量的变化，以及对土地覆盖、安全和公共健康的影响。野火排放物包括颗粒物等各种污染物，这些污染物会改变地球的能量平衡、降低空气质量并影响云的微物理学。关键的相互作用，如烟雾气溶胶的直接和间接影响，会影响云层覆盖和寿命、降水、大气稳定性，并最终导致天气和气候动态的变化。此外，烟雾传输将野火的影响延伸到其源头以外数千公里的地方，这降低了农业生产率，恶化了人类健康，并威胁到环境。卫星检索和建模技术的进步提高了监测、分析和预测这些复杂相互作用的能力。此外，本综述还强调了推进研究的迫切需要，以便更精确地量化和预测野火烟雾的多尺度趋势及其对公众健康、安全、基础设施和生态系统的深远影响。制定更强有力的适应战略和恢复措施对于有效减轻这些复杂的、对社区和环境的不利影响至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Soil flooding increases greenhouse gas fluxes 土壤淹水增加了温室气体通量

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100333

Getachew A. Kefelegn , Niguss S. Hailegnaw , Haimanote K. Bayabil

Soil flooding poses significant challenges to livelihoods, agriculture, and the environment by adversly affecting soil health. This study investigated the effects of flooding, flooding duration, and water source (seawater and freshwater) on greenhouse gas fluxes from two predominant soil types in South Florida—Krome and Biscayne. Experiments were conducted by flooding Krome and Biscayne soils with fresh and seawater, and greenhouse gas samples were collected using PVC chambers on the 1^st, 7^th, 14^th, and 28^th days of flooding. Samples were analyzed for soil carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and methane (CH₄) fluxes using a gas chromatograph. Results confirmed that CO₂ and N₂O fluxes exhibited a distinct pattern, peaking one day after flooding and sharply decreasing with the progression of flooding. Soil type, flooding duration, and water source were critical factors modulating CO₂ and N₂O fluxes, but CH₄ fluxes were consistently below the detection limit. Biscayne soil had the highest CO₂ and N₂O fluxes under seawater and freshwater flooding compared to Krome. These findings underscore the critical role of the initial flooding phase in driving greenhouse gas emissions, emphasizing the need for targeted mitigation strategies.

土壤洪水对土壤健康产生不利影响，对生计、农业和环境构成重大挑战。本研究调查了洪水、洪水持续时间和水源（海水和淡水）对南佛罗里达州克罗姆和比斯坎两种主要土壤类型温室气体通量的影响。试验采用淡水和海水分别浸渍Krome和Biscayne土壤，并在浸渍后第1、7、14和28天利用PVC箱采集温室气体样本。使用气相色谱仪分析样品的土壤二氧化碳（CO2）、氧化亚氮（N2O）和甲烷（CH4）通量。结果证实，CO2和N2O通量具有明显的变化规律，在淹水后1天达到峰值，随着淹水的进行急剧下降。土壤类型、洪水持续时间和水源是调节CO2和N2O通量的关键因素，但CH4通量始终低于检测限。与Krome相比，Biscayne土壤在海水和淡水淹没下的CO2和N2O通量最高。这些发现强调了洪水初始阶段在推动温室气体排放方面的关键作用，强调了制定有针对性的缓解战略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Task specific assessment of particle exposure and low-cost sensor performance in indoor construction environments 室内建筑环境中粒子暴露和低成本传感器性能的任务特定评估

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100336

Anders Brostrøm , Josephine Thalmann , Jesper Baldtzer Liisberg , Frederika Husovská , Søren Hanghøj Møller , Julie Tølbøl Rasmussen , Thomas Nørregaard Jensen , Søren Bendt Jensen , Keld A. Jensen , Thomas Cole-Hunter , Ana S. Fonseca

In this study, a workplace measurement campaign was conducted during indoor renovation of two apartments following panel removal, wallpaper removal (dry/wet), sweeping (dry/wet), and floor removal (including insulation) tasks. Measurements with a low-cost sensor (LCS; OPC-N3; Alphasense) was compared to a benchmark optical particle sizer (OPS, TSI Model 3330) to assess the applicability of this LCS in a construction worker environment. Additionally, ultrafine particle concentrations (<0.1 μm) were measured using a mobility particle sizer (NanoScan, TSI Model 3091) and a diffusion size classifier (DiSCmini).

The highest particle number concentrations (PNC) were found during floor removal, dry sweeping, and wallpaper removal, where 63 % of particles were ultrafine (<0.1 μm) and 96 % were smaller than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5). The PM₁₀ (particulate matter with a diameter <10 μm) concentrations measured during some tasks exceeded the occupational exposure limit of 10 mg m⁻³ for total dust with values from 0.3 to 11 mg m⁻³. Analytical electron microscopy analysis revealed exposure to compounds such as talc, titania, quartz, and potential asbestos. Water-based dust control methods reduced PNC by at least 84 %, highlighting their effectiveness in mitigating exposure. LCS generally underestimated particle concentrations, particularly for PM₁, which was underestimated ranging from 31 % to 92 %. The largest discrepancies occurred during high concentrations in the presence of ultrafine particles, such as floor removal and dry wallpaper removal. This study also emphasizes the importance of multi-metric measurements and breathing zone assessments to accurately evaluate worker exposure and improve occupational safety.

在本研究中，在两套公寓的室内装修过程中，进行了一项工作场所测量活动，包括面板拆除、墙纸拆除（干/湿）、扫地（干/湿）和地板拆除（包括隔热层）任务。使用低成本传感器（LCS）进行测量；OPC-N3;将Alphasense)与基准光学粒度仪（OPS, TSI Model 3330）进行比较，以评估该LCS在建筑工人环境中的适用性。此外，使用迁移度粒度仪（nanscan, TSI Model 3091）和扩散粒度仪（DiSCmini）测量超细颗粒浓度（<0.1 μm）。颗粒数浓度（PNC）最高的是在地板清理、干扫和墙纸清理过程中，其中63%的颗粒是超细（0.1 μm）， 96%的颗粒小于2.5 μm （PM2.5）。在某些作业中测量到的PM10（直径为10 μm的颗粒物）浓度超过了总粉尘（0.3 ~ 11 mg m−3）10 mg m−3的职业暴露限值。分析电子显微镜分析显示暴露于化合物，如滑石粉，二氧化钛，石英，和潜在的石棉。水基粉尘控制方法减少了至少84%的PNC，突出了它们在减轻暴露方面的有效性。LCS普遍低估了颗粒物浓度，特别是PM1，其被低估的幅度在31%至92%之间。最大的差异发生在高浓度超细颗粒存在的情况下，例如地板去除和干燥墙纸去除。本研究还强调了多尺度测量和呼吸区评估对准确评估工人暴露和提高职业安全的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Deposition of phosphorous to open land and forests in Sweden 磷沉积到开阔的土地和瑞典的森林

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100327

Per Erik Karlsson , Gunilla Pihl Karlsson , Sofie Hellsten , Veronika Kronnäs , Helena Danielsson , Cecilia Akselsson

Deposition of phosphorus (P) is important for the nutrient supply to forests and open land but also contributes to the eutrophication of surface waters. Deposition to open land can be measured as bulk deposition while deposition to forests cannot be measured directly, due to internal circulation of P within forest canopies. This study aimed to quantify the total deposition of P to open land and forests in Sweden. The contribution from dry and wet deposition to the deposition to open land was investigated with bulk deposition sampling equipment placed under and outside a roof. The difference with and without the roofs was small and inconsistent. It was concluded that the deposition of P to open land occurred mostly as dry deposition. To estimate the dry deposition of P to coniferous forests, surrogate surfaces consisting of Teflon string samplers were used positioned under roofs. Co-located measurements of dry deposition to forests and bulk deposition to open land at ten different sites across Sweden showed that P deposition was up to five times higher for forests compared to open land. The highest deposition of P to the open land and forests was found for the inland of southern Sweden. This geographical pattern implied only a small contribution from transboundary sources of P outside Sweden. The deposition of P during 2017–2023 was on average 78 g ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ to open land in north and 240 g ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in inland south Sweden. Corresponding deposition to forests was 120 and 730 g ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹.

磷(P)的沉积对森林和开阔土地的养分供应很重要，但也有助于地表水的富营养化。对开阔土地的沉积可以作为整体沉积测量，而对森林的沉积不能直接测量，这是由于森林冠层内磷的内部循环。本研究旨在量化瑞典开放土地和森林中磷的总沉积量。通过放置在屋顶下和屋顶外的大块沉积采样设备，研究了干湿沉积对开阔土地沉积的贡献。有屋顶和没有屋顶的差异很小，而且不一致。结果表明，磷在开阔地的沉积以干沉降为主。为了估计磷在针叶林中的干沉降，在屋顶下放置了由特氟龙采样器组成的替代表面。在瑞典10个不同地点对森林的干沉积和开阔土地的大块沉积进行了同步测量，结果表明，森林的磷沉积比开阔土地高5倍。在开阔地和森林中磷的沉积量最高的是瑞典南部内陆。这一地理格局表明，瑞典以外的跨境P来源只占很小的比例。2017-2023年，瑞典北部开阔土地的磷沉降量平均为78 g ha−1 yr−1，南部内陆地区为240 g ha−1 yr−1。相应的森林沉积量分别为120和730 g ha−1 yr−1。

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引用次数: 0

Cement and brick factories contribute elevated levels of NO2 pollution in Nepal: Evidence of high-resolution view from space 水泥和砖厂导致尼泊尔二氧化氮污染水平升高：来自太空的高分辨率视图的证据

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100324

Madhu S. Gyawali , Lok N. Lamsal , Sujan Neupane , Bimal Gyawali , Keshav Bhattarai , Bradford Fisher , Nickolay Krotkov , Jos van Geffen , Henk Eskes , Shriram Sharma , Cameron Brunt , Rudra Aryal

An upsurge in the pollution level in areas with a high concentration of brick and cement factories in Nepal is concerning. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), a key air quality indicator, can be effectively monitored from space. This study utilizes high-resolution satellite observations of NO₂ from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). It examines the NO₂ distribution over areas with emerging sources of nitrogen oxides from brick and cement factories from 2018 to 2021. Rapid growth of brick and cement factories has turned the Lumbini-Butwal-Palpa corridor, in Midwest Nepal, more polluted than the capital city Kathmandu. Between 2019 and 2021, NO₂ levels in this corridor rose considerably, while it remained steady in the Kathmandu Valley. TROPOMI-derived NO₂ levels and inferred NO_x emissions over the corridor nearly doubled in the span of three years. Conversely, Kathmandu Valley exhibited no significant changes except in 2020 when NO₂ and NO_x levels declined. This drop coincided with COVID-19-related travel restrictions and other reduced activities. NO₂ pollution recorded by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) from 2005 to 2019 shows an annual NO₂ increase of ∼3.5 % over both regions. A comparison between NO_x emissions from the 2018 EDGAR inventory and TROPOMI-derived estimates for 2019 reveal comparable values over the Lumbini-Butwal-Palpa corridor but around 35 % higher estimates over Kathmandu. This discrepancy over the capital city, as well as the rapid rise in emissions over the Lumbini-Butwal-Palpa corridor due to a large-scale development of cement and brick industries, highlights the need for timely updates in bottom-up emission inventory.

在尼泊尔砖厂和水泥厂高度集中的地区，污染程度急剧上升令人关切。二氧化氮（NO2）是一项关键的空气质量指标，可以从太空有效监测。本研究利用对流层监测仪器（TROPOMI）对二氧化氮的高分辨率卫星观测。该报告调查了2018年至2021年砖厂和水泥厂产生氮氧化物的地区的二氧化氮分布情况。由于砖厂和水泥厂的快速增长，尼泊尔中西部的蓝比尼-布特瓦尔-帕尔帕走廊的污染程度已经超过了首都加德满都。2019年至2021年期间，该走廊的二氧化氮水平大幅上升，而加德满都谷地的二氧化氮水平保持稳定。从tropomi得出的二氧化氮水平和推断的氮氧化物排放量在三年内几乎翻了一番。相反，除了2020年NO2和NOx水平下降外，加德满都谷地没有明显的变化。这一下降恰逢与covid -19相关的旅行限制和其他活动减少。臭氧监测仪器（OMI）从2005年到2019年记录的二氧化氮污染显示，这两个地区的二氧化氮每年增加~ 3.5%。将2018年EDGAR清单中的氮氧化物排放量与tropomi得出的2019年估计值进行比较，发现Lumbini-Butwal-Palpa走廊的氮氧化物排放量相当，但加德满都的估计值高出约35%。首都的这种差异，以及蓝毗尼-布特瓦尔-帕尔帕走廊由于水泥和砖工业的大规模发展而导致的排放量迅速上升，都突出了及时更新自下而上排放清单的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Influence factors on airborne pollen dispersal in a tropical island over China: morphology and meteorology 中国热带岛屿空气传播花粉的影响因素：形态学和气象学

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100323

Mengyuan Pang, Ningyan Fu, Siyang Li

Airborne pollen is an important primary biological aerosol particle in tropical regions, greatly impacting climate and human health. However, the pollen morphology in tropical areas, particularly their impact on pollen dispersal, remains unknown. To determine the relationship between the dispersal and morphology of airborne pollens, we collected the airborne pollen by Durham samplers at three vertical heights, including 1.5 m, ∼18.5 m, and ∼55 m in Haikou City, China. Pollen particles showed higher concentrations at higher heights above ground level. The quantitative analysis of single pollen particles based on the size index showed that the airborne pollen sizes in the tropics were mainly small (10–25 μm) (45.9%) and medium (25–50 μm) (32.2%). That's consistent with the pollen morphology of spring and summer flowering plants in the surrounding areas. The proportions of very small (<10 μm) and small (10–25 μm) pollen particles increased significantly with the vertical height. The shape index showed the prominent shape of airborne pollen was subspheroidal/spheroidal (∼80%). The pollen concentration of other shapes, like prolate or oblate, slightly increased with height. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that local meteorological conditions had an important role in influencing pollen amounts, with some associations found to be statistically significant. Temperature variables had significant positive correlation with pollen amounts, especially the maximum temperature (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). The rainfall and relative humidity exhibited a negative correlation with pollen concentration. Notably, pollen release was influenced by meteorological factors with a 1–7 day lagged effect. This study provided a near-ground vertical profile of tropical pollen concentration and morphology. These findings also offer a comprehensive understanding of how airborne pollen morphology and meteorological factors influence their transport and deposition characteristics on a tropical island.

空气中花粉是热带地区重要的初级生物气溶胶颗粒，对气候和人类健康有重要影响。然而，热带地区的花粉形态，特别是它们对花粉传播的影响，仍然是未知的。为了确定空气中花粉的传播与形态之间的关系，我们在中国海口市的三个垂直高度（1.5 m、~ 18.5 m和~ 55 m）用达勒姆采样器采集了空气中花粉。花粉浓度在地面以上越高越高。基于粒径指数的单粒花粉定量分析表明，热带地区空气中花粉粒径主要为小（10 ~ 25 μm）（45.9%）和中（25 ~ 50 μm）（32.2%）。这与周边地区春夏开花植物的花粉形态一致。随着垂直高度的增加，极小（10 μm）和极小（10 ~ 25 μm）花粉所占比例显著增加。形状指数显示空气中花粉的突出形状为近球形/球形（约80%）。其他形状的花粉浓度，如长形或扁形，随着高度的增加而略有增加。Pearson相关分析表明，当地气象条件对花粉量有重要影响，部分相关性具有统计学意义。温度变量与花粉量呈显著正相关，尤其是最高温度(r = 0.71, P <；0.01)。降雨量和相对湿度与花粉浓度呈负相关。值得注意的是，花粉释放受气象因子的影响，存在1 ~ 7 d的滞后效应。本研究提供了热带花粉浓度和形态的近地垂直剖面。这些发现还有助于全面了解空气中花粉形态和气象因素如何影响其在热带岛屿上的运输和沉积特征。

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引用次数: 0

Emissions from fuel-operated heaters in battery-electric buses 电动巴士燃油加热器的排放

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100332

Åsa M. Hallquist, Håkan Salberg

Battery-electric buses have become more common in the urban environment. At low ambient temperatures the energy consumption due to heating of the passenger and driving compartment can be significant, and to preserve the range of the battery fuel-operated heaters can be used. The legislation regarding these heaters is less stringent compared to engine exhaust emission legislation e.g., Euro VI, and knowledge about these emissions is scarce. In this study, emissions from 34 fuel-operated heaters, running on hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), in battery-electric buses from an in-use bus fleet have been characterised both regarding gaseous (total hydrocarbon (THC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)) and particle pollutants (particle number (PN), particle mass (PM), black carbon (BC) and size) during real-world dilution. The median PM and PN emissions varied between 0.96 and 8.4 mg (kg fuel)⁻¹ and 4.4–127 × 10¹³ # (kg fuel)⁻¹ for the heater types studied. Additionally, the significance of the heater emissions compared to engine exhaust emissions was analysed.

纯电动公交车在城市环境中变得越来越普遍。在较低的环境温度下，由于乘客和驾驶隔间的加热而消耗的能量可能是显著的，并且可以使用电池燃料操作加热器来保持范围。与发动机废气排放法规（如欧六）相比，有关这些加热器的法规没有那么严格，而且有关这些排放的知识很少。在这项研究中，来自正在使用的公交车队的34个燃料加热器，使用加氢处理植物油（HVO），在实际稀释过程中，对气体（总碳氢化合物（THC）和氮氧化物（NOx））和颗粒污染物（颗粒数（PN）、颗粒质量（PM）、黑碳（BC）和大小）的排放进行了表征。所研究的加热器类型的PM和PN排放中位数在0.96 - 8.4 mg （kg燃料）−1和4.4-127 × 1013 # （kg燃料）−1之间变化。此外，还分析了加热器排放与发动机尾气排放的关系。

引用次数: 0

Bayesian modeling of traffic-related air pollutants: A case study of urban transportation and air quality dynamics in Columbia, South Carolina 交通相关空气污染物的贝叶斯模型：南卡罗来纳哥伦比亚市城市交通和空气质量动态的案例研究

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100328

Yihong Ning , Ruixiao Sun , David Hitchcock , Gurcan Comert , Yuche Chen

Traffic emissions significantly impact near-road air quality and public health. This research applies a Bayesian modeling framework to investigate these impacts using high-resolution traffic and air pollutant data from an urban corridor in Columbia, South Carolina. Despite a data collection period truncated by the COVID-19 lockdown, the Bayesian approach successfully identified significant predictors and quantified model uncertainty. Employing Bayesian Model Selection and Averaging enhanced prediction accuracy and evaluated model uncertainty. Findings indicate that higher temperatures and increased moisture levels elevate particulate matter (PM_1.0, PM_2.5, PM₁₀) concentrations, while traffic speed significantly affects nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) levels. Specifically, higher average traffic speeds (indicative of smoother flow) correspond to lower NO₂ concentrations, suggesting that less congested conditions reduce NO₂ emissions. This study highlights the robustness of Bayesian methods for generating reliable air quality insights even under data-constrained conditions. The findings underscore the importance of traffic flow management (e.g., reducing congestion) for mitigating near-road NO₂ exposure and provide a basis for developing targeted public health strategies.

交通排放严重影响道路附近的空气质量和公众健康。本研究采用贝叶斯建模框架，利用来自南卡罗来纳州哥伦比亚市城市走廊的高分辨率交通和空气污染物数据来调查这些影响。尽管新冠肺炎封锁导致数据收集周期缩短，但贝叶斯方法成功地确定了重要的预测因素并量化了模型的不确定性。采用贝叶斯模型选择和平均方法提高了预测精度，并评估了模型的不确定性。研究结果表明，较高的温度和湿度会使颗粒物（PM1.0、PM2.5和PM10）浓度升高，而交通速度会显著影响二氧化氮（NO2）水平。具体来说，较高的平均交通速度（表明交通更顺畅）对应于较低的NO2浓度，这表明较少的拥堵状况会减少NO2排放。这项研究强调了贝叶斯方法的鲁棒性，即使在数据受限的条件下也能产生可靠的空气质量见解。研究结果强调了交通流量管理（如减少拥堵）对于减少道路附近二氧化氮暴露的重要性，并为制定有针对性的公共卫生战略提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Emission risk assessment of carbonaceous aerosols from road transport in the megacity of Chennai, India 印度金奈特大城市道路运输碳质气溶胶排放风险评估

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100340

Ahamed Ibrahim S.N. , Ramachandran A. , Pavithrapriya S. , Palanivelu K.

On-road vehicular emissions constitute a substantial source of air pollution within densely populated metropolitan areas, giving rise to substantial concerns related to public health and environmental integrity. This study analysed Particulate Matter (PM_2.5), Black Carbon (BC) and Organic Carbon (OC) emission inventory observed trends from 2003 to 2020 and projected trends up to 2070 under different e-vehicle usage rate scenarios in Chennai City. Based on the projected vehicular growth rate, the annual inventory of PM_2.5 could peak at 17 Gg in 2035, a 112 % increase from 2020 levels. Likewise, the BC and OC would increase at 6.5 Gg and 5.3 Gg, respectively. Also, compared to conventional fossil fuels at the end of 2040, pollution inventory would decrease by approximately 43 %, 66 %, 85 %, and 100 % under low (2 %/yr), medium (3 %/yr), high (4 %/yr), and very high (5 %/yr) usage rate scenarios for electric vehicles. The study also predicts emission intensity disparities in various traffic conditions across the city, highlighting the urgent need for transitioning to electric vehicles and targeted interventions in congested areas. The core city, particularly zones like Royapuram, Valasaravakkam, and Tondiarpet, exhibits severe emission risk, driven by key indicators such as population, bus stops, road density, omnibus, heavy vehicle flow, and congested traffic conditions. The outcome of this study underscores timely action is needed to address the projected rise in vehicular emissions and associated health burdens in fast-growing megacities like Chennai. The study provides critical insights for policymakers to mitigate air pollution through targeted interventions.

在人口密集的大都市地区，道路上车辆排放的废气是空气污染的一个重要来源，引起了与公共健康和环境完整性有关的重大关切。本研究分析了金奈市2003年至2020年的颗粒物（PM2.5）、黑碳（BC）和有机碳（OC）排放清单观测趋势，并预测了不同电动汽车使用率情景下到2070年的趋势。根据预计的汽车增长速度，PM2.5的年库存可能在2035年达到17gg的峰值，比2020年的水平增长112%。同样，BC和OC分别在6.5 Gg和5.3 Gg时升高。此外，与2040年底的传统化石燃料相比，电动汽车在低（2% /年）、中（3% /年）、高（4% /年）和非常高（5% /年）的使用率情景下，污染库存将减少约43%、66%、85%和100%。该研究还预测了整个城市不同交通状况下的排放强度差异，强调了向电动汽车过渡以及在拥堵地区进行有针对性干预的迫切需要。核心城市，特别是像Royapuram、Valasaravakkam和Tondiarpet这样的区域，在人口、公交站点、道路密度、公共汽车、繁忙的车流和拥挤的交通状况等关键指标的驱动下，表现出严重的排放风险。这项研究的结果强调，需要及时采取行动，解决钦奈等快速发展的特大城市预计会出现的车辆排放上升和相关的健康负担。这项研究为决策者通过有针对性的干预措施减轻空气污染提供了重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Performance and applicability of low-cost PM sensors to assess global pollution variability through machine learning techniques 通过机器学习技术评估全球污染可变性的低成本PM传感器的性能和适用性

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100331

Rajat Sharma , Andry Razakamanantsoa , Ashutosh Kumar , Thaseem Thajudeen , Agnès Jullien

Air quality monitoring and analyses became easy and affordable due to emergence of low-cost sensors. Recently, the efforts to improve the monitoring and understanding of region-specific air pollution events attracted immense global attention. Nevertheless, the applicability issues were observed due to data reliability and inconsistency, caused by reserve testing of performance parameters for better accuracy, selection and deployment of sensors without considering their fitness for the purpose, and area-specific requirements. This paper analyses and evaluates low-cost sensor deployments across lower, middle, and higher income group of countries, emphasizing variations in pollutant sources, performance parameters, and machine learning approaches for local source categorization. The performance parameters were analyzed using three Key parameters: (1) the Performance Index, (2) Sector Sensitivity Ratio, and (3) Data Reliability Indicator, that provide a comprehensive understanding of sensor efficiency in diverse environments. Our findings reveal distinct trends among income group countries. Higher income group countries exhibited the highest performance Index (0.35), followed by middle (0.33) and lower income group countries (0.27). However, the lower income group countries showed the highest data reliability indicator for maximum sector contribution (14.26), surpassing the higher (11.74) and middle income group (10.71) countries. Sector wise, transport (higher income), industry (middle income), and power (low income) demonstrated the highest data reliability based on its indicator. Additionally, it was observed that advanced machine learning algorithms helped to improve performance parameters, particularly in middle and lower income group countries where pollution variability is higher. These findings underscored the disparities in sensor performance and data reliability across diverse income groups.

由于低成本传感器的出现，空气质量监测和分析变得容易和负担得起。最近，加强对特定区域空气污染事件的监测和了解的努力引起了全球的广泛关注。然而，由于数据的可靠性和不一致性，以及为了提高精度而对性能参数进行的保留测试、传感器的选择和部署不考虑其适用性以及特定区域的要求，导致了适用性问题。本文分析和评估了低、中、高收入国家的低成本传感器部署，强调了污染源、性能参数和本地污染源分类的机器学习方法的变化。性能参数分析使用三个关键参数：(1)性能指标，(2)扇区灵敏度，(3)数据可靠性指标，提供了一个全面的了解传感器在不同环境中的效率。我们的研究结果揭示了收入群体国家之间的明显趋势。高收入国家的绩效指数最高（0.35），其次是中等收入国家（0.33）和低收入国家（0.27）。然而，低收入国家在最大部门贡献方面的数据可靠性指标最高（14.26），超过了高收入国家（11.74）和中等收入国家（10.71）。就行业而言，交通运输（高收入）、工业（中等收入）和电力（低收入）显示出基于其指标的最高数据可靠性。此外，研究还发现，先进的机器学习算法有助于改善绩效参数，特别是在污染可变性较高的中低收入群体国家。这些发现强调了不同收入群体在传感器性能和数据可靠性方面的差异。

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