Atmospheric Environment: X最新文献_第8页

A comparison of turbulent CFD with Gaussian dispersion models on a methane emission test site 甲烷排放试验场湍流CFD与高斯色散模型的比较

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100326

Ryker Fish , Federico Municchi , Brennan Sprinkle , Dorit Hammerling

This article investigates the influence of structures on the atmospheric transport of methane in an outdoor industrial environment, and provides a comparison in the predictive capability of Gaussian dispersion models against a turbulent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, implemented in OpenFOAM. Direct atmospheric measurements from the Methane Emissions Technology Evaluation Center (METEC), as well as a detailed computational mesh of on-site structures, are used to calibrate the turbulent closure model. By comparing the CFD model with and without the computational mesh of structures, it is shown that structures on METEC exhibit only a small effect on concentrations predicted by the CFD model. The calibrated CFD model is then used to assess the fidelity of the commonly employed Gaussian puff model that ignores the effect of any structures or topography. Despite the presence of structures, the Gaussian puff model is in consistent agreement with predictions from the CFD model, however both models fail to capture certain trends in the measurement data. To show that one cannot conclude, in general, that methane transport is unaffected by structures, a simulation study is performed with an emission source placed upwind of a large structure. In this case, it is found that predictions from the Gaussian puff model can deviate significantly from the CFD model due the Gaussian model’s inability to resolve spatially inhomogeneous wind fields caused by structures. This finding highlights the continued importance of CFD modeling for evaluating atmospheric dispersion models in environments with complex structures and topography.

本文研究了室外工业环境中结构对甲烷大气输送的影响，并将高斯色散模型与OpenFOAM中实现的湍流计算流体动力学（CFD）模型的预测能力进行了比较。来自甲烷排放技术评估中心（METEC）的直接大气测量数据，以及现场结构的详细计算网格，用于校准湍流闭合模型。通过对CFD模型中有无结构计算网格的比较，表明METEC上的结构对CFD模型预测的浓度影响很小。校正后的CFD模型用于评估忽略任何结构或地形影响的常用高斯泡芙模型的保真度。尽管存在结构，但高斯喷流模型与CFD模型的预测一致，然而这两种模型都未能捕捉到测量数据中的某些趋势。为了证明一般情况下不能得出甲烷输运不受结构影响的结论，我们进行了一项模拟研究，将排放源置于大型结构的逆风位置。在这种情况下，发现由于高斯模型无法解决由结构引起的空间非均匀风场，高斯扑烟模型的预测结果与CFD模型有很大的偏差。这一发现强调了CFD建模在复杂结构和地形环境中评估大气弥散模型的持续重要性。

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引用次数: 0

On the potential of biogeochemical models to predict hot moments of N2O following dry-wet cycles 生物地球化学模型预测干湿循环后N2O热矩的潜力

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100347

Lukas Hey , Katharina H.E. Meurer , Hermann F. Jungkunst

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the global response of secondary atmospheric pollutants to emission reductions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic 揭示二次大气污染物对2019冠状病毒病大流行期间实施的减排的全球反应

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100361

Apostolos T. Koumparos , Vlassis A. Karydis , Georgios I. Gkatzelis , Nikolaos Mihalopoulos , Alexandra P. Tsimpidi

This study employs the global chemistry–climate model EMAC, combined with emission adjustment factors (CONFORM), to evaluate the global impacts of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns on secondary air pollutants. Unlike earlier studies limited to short periods or specific regions, this work captures seasonal, spatial, and sectoral variability in emissions and pollutant formation. It examines both primary pollutants (e.g., NO_x, SO₂) and secondary pollutants such as ozone and PM_2.5 components. Significant NO_x reductions were simulated, with peak decreases of 31 % in Europe and 25 % in Eastern Asia during lockdowns. SO₂ dropped by up to 20 % in Southern Asia, while Eastern Asia saw a 14 % post-lockdown rebound due to increased industrial activity. Ozone responses varied regionally, with increases of up to 4 % in urban areas in Eastern Asia due to reduced titration, while Southern Asia saw decreases up to 1.4 %. Aerosol concentrations followed similar regional trends. Sulfate declined by 17 % in Southern Asia while nitrate and ammonium dropped by 27 % and 33 % in Europe, respectively. Global primary organic aerosol decreased by 4 %, with South Asia showing an 8 % reduction. Secondary organic aerosol fell by 4 %, with the largest drop (8 %) in Latin America and the Caribbean. Overall, PM_2.5 over land declined by 2 %, with Europe showing the largest regional decrease (6 %). These results highlight the substantial but regionally varied effects of pandemic-related emission changes. However, even substantial short-term reductions had limited impact on PM_2.5 levels, underscoring the need for sustained, large-scale emission cuts to meet WHO air quality guidelines.

本研究采用全球化学-气候模型EMAC，结合排放调整因子（validate），评估2020年新冠肺炎封港对全球二次大气污染物的影响。与以往仅限于短期或特定区域的研究不同，这项工作捕捉到了排放和污染物形成的季节、空间和部门变化。它检查了主要污染物（如氮氧化物、二氧化硫）和二次污染物，如臭氧和PM2.5成分。模拟结果显示，在封城期间，欧洲和东亚的氮氧化物峰值分别下降了31%和25%。南亚的二氧化硫下降了20%，而东亚由于工业活动增加，在封城后出现了14%的反弹。臭氧响应因区域而异，由于滴定减少，东亚城市地区增加了4%，而南亚则减少了1.4%。气溶胶浓度也有类似的区域趋势。硫酸盐在南亚下降了17%，而硝酸盐和铵在欧洲分别下降了27%和33%。全球初级有机气溶胶减少了4%，南亚减少了8%。二次有机气溶胶下降了4%，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区下降幅度最大（8%）。总体而言，陆地PM2.5下降了2%，其中欧洲区域降幅最大（6%）。这些结果突出了与大流行有关的排放变化的重大但区域差异的影响。然而，即使是短期大幅减排对PM2.5水平的影响也有限，这突出表明需要持续大规模减排，以达到世卫组织空气质量指南的要求。

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引用次数: 0

Applicability of compact and useful PM2.5 instrument with gas sensors in Japan and Thailand 具有气体传感器的小巧实用的PM2.5仪器在日本和泰国的适用性

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100350

Humm Kham Zan Zan Aung , Suwanna Kitpati Boontanon , Jiaru Li , Yosuke Sakamoto , Kentaro Murano , Narin Boontanon , Yoshizumi Kajii

Sophisticated standard instruments are not always available for high-density multipoint air quality observations owing to their relatively high cost, large size, and high-power consumption. Low-cost sensors may be used as supportive or potential solutions for atmospheric observations. This study aimed to evaluate applicability of the compact and useful PM_2.5 instrument with gas sensors (CUPI-G), which can measure real-time temperature, humidity, particulate matter (PM_2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and oxidant, O_x (O₃+NO₂), and to observe the respective air pollution patterns in the suburban areas of developed and developing countries, selected as Japan and Thailand, respectively. The CUPI-G was validated with collocated standard instruments at both sites using a mathematical correction method to improve reproducibility before observation. Air quality observations were conducted for two weeks respectively from June 1^st to June 14^th, 2022, in Kyoto City, Japan and from October 28^th to November 12^th, 2022, in Nong Khaem District, Bangkok Province, Thailand, using CUPI-G. In Japan, applicability of the CUPI-G revealed different correlations, r = −0.30 to 0.89 with data from the nearest air monitoring station. In Thailand, it achieved strong correlations, r = 0.71 to 0.82 with the results of the nearest station. This study revealed the applicability performance, aiding future deployment of the CUPI-G and corresponding air pollution characteristics at observatories. Our results suggest a better performance of CUPI-G at polluted sites and recommend its use in developing countries having less-developed sites with lack of routine measurement equipment.

精密的标准仪器由于其相对较高的成本、较大的尺寸和高功耗，并不总是可用于高密度多点空气质量观测。低成本传感器可作为大气观测的辅助或潜在解决方案。本研究旨在评估可实时测量温度、湿度、颗粒物（PM2.5）、一氧化碳（CO）、一氧化氮（NO）、二氧化氮（NO2）和氧化剂Ox （O3+NO2）的小型实用气体传感器（CUPI-G）的适用性，并观察发达国家和发展中国家（分别为日本和泰国）郊区的空气污染模式。为了提高观察前的重现性，在两个地点配置了标准仪器，采用数学校正方法对CUPI-G进行了验证。在2022年6月1日至6月14日，在日本京都和2022年10月28日至11月12日，在泰国曼谷省Nong Khaem区分别进行了为期两周的空气质量观测。在日本，cpui - g的适用性与最近的空气监测站的数据显示出不同的相关性，r = - 0.30至0.89。在泰国，它与最近的站点的结果具有很强的相关性，r = 0.71至0.82。本研究揭示了CUPI-G的适用性，有助于未来在天文台部署相应的空气污染特征。我们的研究结果表明，CUPI-G在污染场地具有更好的性能，并建议在缺乏常规测量设备的欠发达场地的发展中国家使用。

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引用次数: 0

Area source emissions: a validation study of CALPUFF and LAPMOD models 区域源排放：CALPUFF和LAPMOD模型的验证研究

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100348

Francesca Tagliaferri, Alessandra Rota, Marzio Invernizzi

Dispersion models are essential for predicting pollutant behavior in the atmosphere, but discrepancies between models can introduce uncertainties. Validating models with real data is crucial to ensuring accuracy. Previous studies have highlighted differences between CALPUFF and the particle model LAPMOD: while both yield relatively similar results for point sources, significant discrepancies arise for area sources. This study assesses the performance of both models using experimental datasets. The analysis shows that CALPUFF estimates higher concentrations than LAPMOD and performs better against observed values, meeting all validation criteria. LAPMOD is less consistent, with a non-optimal FAC2 and high VG due to outliers caused by receptor arrangement. However, both models align well with experimental data under ideal conditions. In conclusion, CALPUFF proves more reliable, whereas LAPMOD, despite its tendency to underestimate, provides useful results once outliers are excluded.

色散模型对于预测大气中污染物的行为至关重要，但模型之间的差异会带来不确定性。用真实数据验证模型对于确保准确性至关重要。先前的研究强调了CALPUFF和粒子模型LAPMOD之间的差异：虽然两者对点源产生相对相似的结果，但对面积源产生显著差异。本研究使用实验数据集评估了这两种模型的性能。分析表明，CALPUFF估计的浓度高于LAPMOD，并且对观测值的性能更好，符合所有验证标准。LAPMOD不太一致，由于受体排列引起的异常值导致FAC2非最佳，VG高。然而，在理想条件下，这两种模型都与实验数据很好地吻合。总之，CALPUFF证明更可靠，而LAPMOD，尽管其倾向于低估，一旦排除异常值，提供有用的结果。

引用次数: 0

Observation-based investigation reveals major sources of heavy metals associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in an East Asian urban area 基于观测的调查揭示了东亚城市地区细颗粒物（PM2.5）相关重金属的主要来源

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100342

Shane S.-E. Sun, Yi-Tang Huang, Mei-June Chen, Xuan-Ru Huang, Shu-Hui Huang, Wen-Yu Liao, Charles C.-K. Chou

Exposure to elevated levels of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has been a major public health concern for decades. However, the specific sources of air toxics associated with PM_2.5 remain unclear. In this study, we investigate PM_2.5 pollution in Taichung, Taiwan—a representative East Asian metropolitan area— during March and November of 2021–2023 using an advanced two-stage positive matrix factorization (PMFxPMF) approach. This method enables detailed source apportionment of both bulk PM_2.5 and PM_2.5-bound heavy metals. Our analysis reveals that, during the East Asian winter monsoon seasons, regional transboundary pollution contributed 38 % to the PM_2.5 load, while local sources—such as carbonaceous aerosols, industrial processes, ammonium nitrate/chloride, and transformed sea spray—contributed between 9 % and 20 %. Furthermore, the formation of nitrate was the primary driver of air quality deterioration. Heavy metals constituted 1.2 %–1.5 % of PM_2.5 mass (0.24–0.32 μg m⁻³). By incorporating heavy metal fingerprints from two major local sources—coal-fired power plants and steel sintering facilities—as constraints in our PMF analysis, we reveal that ambient non-Fe heavy metals were mainly associated with suspended dust (34 %), implying significant health risk of dust exposure. Besides, vehicular pollution accounted for 14 % of non-Fe heavy metals, highlighting the need for a stronger control on non-exhaust vehicular emissions. Substantial contributions arose from coal combustion (9 %), steel sintering (5 %) and various industrial sources (22 %). Our results underscore the importance of accelerating the timeline for coal phaseout, and warrant a further investigation on the emissions of heavy metals from industrial activities.

几十年来，暴露于高浓度的细颗粒物（PM2.5）一直是一个主要的公共卫生问题。然而，与PM2.5相关的空气有毒物质的具体来源仍不清楚。本研究采用先进的两阶段正矩阵分解（PMFxPMF）方法，对2021-2023年3月和11月具有代表性的东亚大都市台湾台中地区的PM2.5污染进行了研究。这种方法可以详细地分析PM2.5和PM2.5结合重金属的来源。我们的分析表明，在东亚冬季季风季节，区域跨界污染对PM2.5负荷的贡献为38% %，而本地来源（如碳质气溶胶、工业过程、硝酸铵/氯化铵和转化的海雾）的贡献在9% %至20% %之间。此外，硝酸盐的形成是空气质量恶化的主要驱动因素。重金属占PM2.5质量的1.2 % ~ 1.5 %（0.24 ~ 0.32 μg m−3）。通过将当地两个主要来源（燃煤电厂和钢铁烧结设施）的重金属指纹作为PMF分析的约束条件，我们发现环境中的非铁重金属主要与悬浮粉尘有关（34% %），这意味着粉尘暴露的重大健康风险。此外，机动车污染占非铁重金属的14% %，凸显了加强对机动车非尾气排放控制的必要性。煤炭燃烧（9 %）、钢铁烧结（5 %）和各种工业来源（22 %）都是主要贡献。我们的研究结果强调了加快煤炭淘汰时间表的重要性，并保证了对工业活动中重金属排放的进一步调查。

{"title":"Observation-based investigation reveals major sources of heavy metals associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in an East Asian urban area","authors":"Shane S.-E. Sun, Yi-Tang Huang, Mei-June Chen, Xuan-Ru Huang, Shu-Hui Huang, Wen-Yu Liao, Charles C.-K. Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to elevated levels of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) has been a major public health concern for decades. However, the specific sources of air toxics associated with PM<sub>2.5</sub> remain unclear. In this study, we investigate PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution in Taichung, Taiwan—a representative East Asian metropolitan area— during March and November of 2021–2023 using an advanced two-stage positive matrix factorization (PMFxPMF) approach. This method enables detailed source apportionment of both bulk PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound heavy metals. Our analysis reveals that, during the East Asian winter monsoon seasons, regional transboundary pollution contributed 38 % to the PM<sub>2.5</sub> load, while local sources—such as carbonaceous aerosols, industrial processes, ammonium nitrate/chloride, and transformed sea spray—contributed between 9 % and 20 %. Furthermore, the formation of nitrate was the primary driver of air quality deterioration. Heavy metals constituted 1.2 %–1.5 % of PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass (0.24–0.32 μg m<sup>−3</sup>). By incorporating heavy metal fingerprints from two major local sources—coal-fired power plants and steel sintering facilities—as constraints in our PMF analysis, we reveal that ambient non-Fe heavy metals were mainly associated with suspended dust (34 %), implying significant health risk of dust exposure. Besides, vehicular pollution accounted for 14 % of non-Fe heavy metals, highlighting the need for a stronger control on non-exhaust vehicular emissions. Substantial contributions arose from coal combustion (9 %), steel sintering (5 %) and various industrial sources (22 %). Our results underscore the importance of accelerating the timeline for coal phaseout, and warrant a further investigation on the emissions of heavy metals from industrial activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mobile monitoring of atmospheric terpene dynamics across the subtropical megacities Greater Bay Area 大湾区亚热带特大城市大气萜烯动态的移动监测

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100357

Zhuangxi Liu , Daocheng Gong , Shanqing Huang , Jiangyong Li , Qinghua Chang , Yiming Zhao , Chengliang Zhang , Shuo Deng , Qinqin Li , Chunlin Zhang , Hao Wang , Boguang Wang

Currently, the relative importance of anthropogenic versus biogenic terpenes in subtropical megacities of developing countries remains poorly understood, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions like the China's Greater Bay Area (GBA), characterized by high population density, intensive industrial activity, and subtropical climate favoring both emission sources. Herein, we provide spatially resolved measurements of ambient terpenes (isoprene and six monoterpenes) in the GBA, employing a vehicle-mounted platform across diverse land-use zones (urban, suburban and rural) during autumn 2022. Results showed total terpene concentrations averaged 0.922 ± 0.280 ppbv, with isoprene and α-pinene dominating (>80 %). Diurnal variations revealed monoterpenes peaking in early morning in urban areas, likely linked to volatile chemical products (VCPs) and residential cooking, whereas isoprene exhibited midday maxima driven by biogenic emissions. Strong correlations with anthropogenic tracers indicated significant co-emissions. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source apportionment quantified VCPs as the primary urban source for monoterpenes, while industrial activities dominated suburban regions. Biogenic emissions prevailed in rural zones but were overshadowed by anthropogenic influences in urbanized areas. These findings underscore the pivotal role of anthropogenic sources in shaping terpene dynamics in subtropical megacities, and emphasizes the need for region-specific terpene emission inventories and targeted control strategies for the GBA and analogous regions globally.

目前，人们对发展中国家亚热带特大城市中人为萜烯与生物萜烯的相对重要性仍知之甚少，特别是在中国大湾区等快速城市化地区，这些地区具有人口密度高、工业活动密集、亚热带气候有利于两种排放源的特点。本文采用车载平台，于2022年秋季对大湾区不同土地利用区（城市、郊区和农村）的环境萜烯（异戊二烯和六单萜烯）进行了空间分辨测量。结果：总萜平均浓度为0.922±0.280 ppbv，以异戊二烯和α-蒎烯为主（占80%）。日变化表明，单萜烯在城市地区清晨达到峰值，可能与挥发性化学产品（vcp）和居民烹饪有关，而异戊二烯则在中午达到峰值，受生物源排放驱动。与人为示踪剂的强相关性表明了显著的共排放。正矩阵分解（PMF）源分配量化了vcp是城市单萜烯的主要来源，而工业活动在郊区占主导地位。生物源性排放在农村地区普遍存在，但在城市化地区被人为影响所掩盖。这些发现强调了人为源在塑造亚热带特大城市萜烯动态方面的关键作用，并强调了在大湾区和全球类似区域建立区域特定萜烯排放清单和有针对性的控制策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Contributions of different livestock production animals to dispersion-modelled ambient ammonia and particulate matter in a livestock-dense area 畜禽密集区不同畜牧生产动物对分散模拟环境氨和颗粒物的贡献

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100345

Ceder R. Raben , Hans J. Erbrink , Serigne B. Lô , Gerard Hoek , Dick J.J. Heederik , Wietske Dohmen

Ammonia (NH₃) and primary PM10 emitted by livestock production affect health and biodiversity, making their reduction essential. Quantities of emitted NH₃ and PM10 vary across different livestock species, potentially leading to different regional spatial patterns of NH₃ and PM10. This complicates the development of effective mitigation strategies. This study aims to provide insight into how different livestock production animals affect spatial patterns of NH₃ and PM10.

The study area of ∼40 x 50 km2 encompassed a livestock-dense area with ∼2000 farms, several residential clusters and nature parks in the Netherlands. Spatial concentration patterns were predicted for ∼100,000 receptor points on a 100 x 100 m² grid using a dispersion model based on farm emissions. Model assumptions were evaluated through sensitivity analyses.

Livestock production emissions significantly increased local levels of NH₃ and more moderately elevated local levels of PM10. Spatial concentration patterns were strongly driven by geospatial distributions of farms as well as livestock species, with elevated concentrations observed in areas where farms were densely clustered. The distribution of farm contributions to total NH₃ concentrations at receptor points was characterized by numerous small contributions from multiple farms across the study area. Concentrations were higher in rural parts of the study area and characterized by the combination of these small contributions with a few large contributions from nearby farms. Inclusion of farms in a wide radius was especially important for modelling NH₃ concentrations in nature areas. These findings imply that generic reduction of livestock farm emissions should be investigated for the formulation of mitigation strategies.

畜牧业生产排放的氨（NH3）和初级PM10影响健康和生物多样性，因此减少它们至关重要。不同家畜种类的NH3和PM10排放量存在差异，可能导致不同区域NH3和PM10的空间分布格局。这使制定有效的缓解战略变得复杂。本研究旨在揭示不同畜牧业生产动物对NH3和PM10空间格局的影响。研究区域面积约40 x 50 km2，包括荷兰一个牲畜密集区，约2000个农场，几个住宅区和自然公园。使用基于农场排放的分散模型，预测了100 x 100 m2网格上约100,000个受体点的空间浓度模式。通过敏感性分析评估模型假设。畜牧业生产排放显著增加了当地的NH3水平，而PM10水平则略微升高。农场和牲畜种类的地理空间分布强烈地驱动了空间浓度格局，在农场密集聚集的地区观察到浓度升高。农场对总NH3浓度在受体点的贡献分布的特征是来自研究区域内多个农场的大量小贡献。研究区的农村地区的浓度较高，其特点是这些小贡献与附近农场的一些大贡献相结合。将农场纳入广泛的半径范围对于模拟自然地区NH3浓度尤为重要。这些研究结果表明，应该对牲畜养殖场排放的普遍减少进行调查，以制定缓解战略。

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引用次数: 0

High-resolution multi-pollutant mapping in Denver, Colorado 科罗拉多州丹佛市的高分辨率多污染物地图

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100364

Priyanka deSouza , Benjamin Crawford , John L. Durant , Neelakshi Hudda , Peter Ibsen , Christian L'Orange , Jose Jimenez , Brady Graeber , Brendan Cicione , Ruth Mekonnen , Saadhana Purushothama , Ralph Kahn , Patrick L. Kinney , John Volckens

Characterizing traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs), which significantly impact health, and greenhouse gases (GHGs) can be challenging in urban environments. Mobile monitoring has the potential to capture the spatial distribution of these pollutants. We present results from a campaign using the Denver Mobile Monitoring Laboratory (DMML) in the summer of 2023 when we measured ultrafine particles (UFPs), black carbon (BC), ozone (O₃), methane (CH₄)_, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations in Denver, CO. Despite our campaign being brief, we obtained several interesting results. We observed elevated UFP and BC concentrations on major roads. In contrast, O₃ concentrations were higher on neighborhood streets and roads and in the industrial neighborhood of Commerce City. We consistently observed elevated CH₄ concentrations (>2.5 ppm) on highway I-70, suggesting the presence of a previously unknown major source of CH₄. The CH₄ concentrations measured in our campaign did not align with those from an overlapping aerial campaign, suggesting that mobile monitoring is crucial to capture important, potentially intermittent CH₄ hotspots in cities. We evaluated if trees mitigated pollution concentrations, as planting trees is a key policy initiative of the city of Denver. We observed significant negative associations between tree canopy coverage and UFPs, BC, and CH₄, and a positive association with O₃ when using linear mixed-effects regression models. Our work highlights the importance of investigating the role of tree canopy coverage to mitigate TRAPs.

在城市环境中，确定对健康有重大影响的交通相关空气污染物（TRAPs）和温室气体（GHGs）的特征可能具有挑战性。移动监测有可能捕捉到这些污染物的空间分布。我们介绍了2023年夏天使用丹佛移动监测实验室（DMML）在科罗拉多州丹佛市测量超细颗粒（ufp）、黑碳（BC）、臭氧（O3）、甲烷（CH4）和二氧化碳（CO2）浓度的活动结果。尽管我们的活动很短暂，但我们获得了几个有趣的结果。我们观察到主要道路上UFP和BC浓度升高。相比之下，商业城附近街道和道路以及工业区的O3浓度较高。我们在I-70高速公路上持续观察到CH4浓度升高（>2.5 ppm），这表明存在以前未知的CH4主要来源。在我们的活动中测量的CH4浓度与重叠的空中活动的浓度不一致，这表明移动监测对于捕获城市中重要的、可能间歇性的CH4热点至关重要。我们评估了树木是否减轻了污染浓度，因为植树是丹佛市的一项关键政策倡议。使用线性混合效应回归模型，我们发现树冠覆盖度与ufp、BC和CH4呈显著负相关，与O3呈正相关。我们的工作强调了调查树冠覆盖率在减少陷阱中的作用的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Expressing the energy consumption of electric buses with mesoscopic traffic variables 用细观交通变量表示电动客车的能耗

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100367

Sokratis Mamarikas , Stylianos Doulgeris , Nikolaos Aletras , Carol Ka-Lok Wong , Zissis Samaras , Leonidas Ntziachristos

This paper focuses on energy consumption modeling approaches for traffic and examines how they deviate when applied to evaluate Battery Electric Buses (BEBs), in a try to identify an approach that combines simplicity with accuracy. To do so, the paper exploits three of them: a micro, a meso and a macro one. The microscopic approach relies on a detailed power-based vehicle model that uses second-by-second vehicle speed profiles as traffic activity input, and it serves here as a reference tool. The approach of average speed was employed to represent the macroscopic one that uses a single traffic activity input. For the mesoscopic case, a new function had to be developed that would require traffic inputs on a level-of-detail in between the macroscopic and microscopic scale. A statistical analysis on several standardized driving cycles was conducted to select such inputs, leading to a relationship that associates consumption with two stop-related variables (number and duration). The mesoscopic and macroscopic models could then be evaluated, by comparing their consumption estimations with the detailed microscopic calculations over the same cases (real-world urban traffic of Athens & Hong-Kong, and traffic measures). While the macroscopic results revealed well-known limitations in accuracy of the average speed approach, as it deviated from the microscopic model by 10 % for urban traffic and 20 % for measures, the mesoscopic one closely matched the microscopic model (max 5 % error). Thus, for BEBs, a mesoscopic approach with only two activity inputs (stop-related variables) can satisfy requirements from energy modeling for valid estimations and simplicity in use. With these characteristics, the approach presents exploitation potential in multiple applications of urban transportation systems.

本文着重于交通的能源消耗建模方法，并检查它们在应用于评估纯电动公交车（beb）时如何偏离，试图确定一种将简单性与准确性相结合的方法。为此，本文利用了其中的三个因素：微观、中观和宏观因素。微观方法依赖于一个详细的基于动力的车辆模型，该模型使用逐秒的车辆速度概况作为交通活动输入，并在这里作为参考工具。采用平均速度的方法来表示使用单一交通活动输入的宏观速度。对于介观的情况，必须开发一种新的功能，要求在宏观和微观尺度之间的详细水平上进行交通输入。对几个标准化的驾驶循环进行了统计分析，以选择这样的输入，导致将消耗与两个停车相关变量（数量和持续时间）联系起来的关系。中观和宏观模型可以通过将它们的消费估计与相同情况下的详细微观计算（雅典和香港的真实城市交通和交通措施）进行比较来评估。虽然宏观结果揭示了众所周知的平均速度方法在精度上的局限性，因为它偏离微观模型的城市交通10%和测量20%，但中观的结果与微观模型非常匹配（最大误差为5%）。因此，对于beb，只有两个活动输入（与停止相关的变量）的介观方法可以满足能量建模对有效估计和简单使用的要求。由于这些特点，该方法在城市交通系统的多种应用中具有开发潜力。

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引用次数: 0