Atmospheric Environment: X最新文献_第6页

Unraveling the global response of secondary atmospheric pollutants to emission reductions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic 揭示二次大气污染物对2019冠状病毒病大流行期间实施的减排的全球反应

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100361

Apostolos T. Koumparos , Vlassis A. Karydis , Georgios I. Gkatzelis , Nikolaos Mihalopoulos , Alexandra P. Tsimpidi

This study employs the global chemistry–climate model EMAC, combined with emission adjustment factors (CONFORM), to evaluate the global impacts of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns on secondary air pollutants. Unlike earlier studies limited to short periods or specific regions, this work captures seasonal, spatial, and sectoral variability in emissions and pollutant formation. It examines both primary pollutants (e.g., NO_x, SO₂) and secondary pollutants such as ozone and PM_2.5 components. Significant NO_x reductions were simulated, with peak decreases of 31 % in Europe and 25 % in Eastern Asia during lockdowns. SO₂ dropped by up to 20 % in Southern Asia, while Eastern Asia saw a 14 % post-lockdown rebound due to increased industrial activity. Ozone responses varied regionally, with increases of up to 4 % in urban areas in Eastern Asia due to reduced titration, while Southern Asia saw decreases up to 1.4 %. Aerosol concentrations followed similar regional trends. Sulfate declined by 17 % in Southern Asia while nitrate and ammonium dropped by 27 % and 33 % in Europe, respectively. Global primary organic aerosol decreased by 4 %, with South Asia showing an 8 % reduction. Secondary organic aerosol fell by 4 %, with the largest drop (8 %) in Latin America and the Caribbean. Overall, PM_2.5 over land declined by 2 %, with Europe showing the largest regional decrease (6 %). These results highlight the substantial but regionally varied effects of pandemic-related emission changes. However, even substantial short-term reductions had limited impact on PM_2.5 levels, underscoring the need for sustained, large-scale emission cuts to meet WHO air quality guidelines.

本研究采用全球化学-气候模型EMAC，结合排放调整因子（validate），评估2020年新冠肺炎封港对全球二次大气污染物的影响。与以往仅限于短期或特定区域的研究不同，这项工作捕捉到了排放和污染物形成的季节、空间和部门变化。它检查了主要污染物（如氮氧化物、二氧化硫）和二次污染物，如臭氧和PM2.5成分。模拟结果显示，在封城期间，欧洲和东亚的氮氧化物峰值分别下降了31%和25%。南亚的二氧化硫下降了20%，而东亚由于工业活动增加，在封城后出现了14%的反弹。臭氧响应因区域而异，由于滴定减少，东亚城市地区增加了4%，而南亚则减少了1.4%。气溶胶浓度也有类似的区域趋势。硫酸盐在南亚下降了17%，而硝酸盐和铵在欧洲分别下降了27%和33%。全球初级有机气溶胶减少了4%，南亚减少了8%。二次有机气溶胶下降了4%，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区下降幅度最大（8%）。总体而言，陆地PM2.5下降了2%，其中欧洲区域降幅最大（6%）。这些结果突出了与大流行有关的排放变化的重大但区域差异的影响。然而，即使是短期大幅减排对PM2.5水平的影响也有限，这突出表明需要持续大规模减排，以达到世卫组织空气质量指南的要求。

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引用次数: 0

Mobile monitoring of atmospheric terpene dynamics across the subtropical megacities Greater Bay Area 大湾区亚热带特大城市大气萜烯动态的移动监测

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100357

Zhuangxi Liu , Daocheng Gong , Shanqing Huang , Jiangyong Li , Qinghua Chang , Yiming Zhao , Chengliang Zhang , Shuo Deng , Qinqin Li , Chunlin Zhang , Hao Wang , Boguang Wang

Currently, the relative importance of anthropogenic versus biogenic terpenes in subtropical megacities of developing countries remains poorly understood, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions like the China's Greater Bay Area (GBA), characterized by high population density, intensive industrial activity, and subtropical climate favoring both emission sources. Herein, we provide spatially resolved measurements of ambient terpenes (isoprene and six monoterpenes) in the GBA, employing a vehicle-mounted platform across diverse land-use zones (urban, suburban and rural) during autumn 2022. Results showed total terpene concentrations averaged 0.922 ± 0.280 ppbv, with isoprene and α-pinene dominating (>80 %). Diurnal variations revealed monoterpenes peaking in early morning in urban areas, likely linked to volatile chemical products (VCPs) and residential cooking, whereas isoprene exhibited midday maxima driven by biogenic emissions. Strong correlations with anthropogenic tracers indicated significant co-emissions. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source apportionment quantified VCPs as the primary urban source for monoterpenes, while industrial activities dominated suburban regions. Biogenic emissions prevailed in rural zones but were overshadowed by anthropogenic influences in urbanized areas. These findings underscore the pivotal role of anthropogenic sources in shaping terpene dynamics in subtropical megacities, and emphasizes the need for region-specific terpene emission inventories and targeted control strategies for the GBA and analogous regions globally.

目前，人们对发展中国家亚热带特大城市中人为萜烯与生物萜烯的相对重要性仍知之甚少，特别是在中国大湾区等快速城市化地区，这些地区具有人口密度高、工业活动密集、亚热带气候有利于两种排放源的特点。本文采用车载平台，于2022年秋季对大湾区不同土地利用区（城市、郊区和农村）的环境萜烯（异戊二烯和六单萜烯）进行了空间分辨测量。结果：总萜平均浓度为0.922±0.280 ppbv，以异戊二烯和α-蒎烯为主（占80%）。日变化表明，单萜烯在城市地区清晨达到峰值，可能与挥发性化学产品（vcp）和居民烹饪有关，而异戊二烯则在中午达到峰值，受生物源排放驱动。与人为示踪剂的强相关性表明了显著的共排放。正矩阵分解（PMF）源分配量化了vcp是城市单萜烯的主要来源，而工业活动在郊区占主导地位。生物源性排放在农村地区普遍存在，但在城市化地区被人为影响所掩盖。这些发现强调了人为源在塑造亚热带特大城市萜烯动态方面的关键作用，并强调了在大湾区和全球类似区域建立区域特定萜烯排放清单和有针对性的控制策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Expressing the energy consumption of electric buses with mesoscopic traffic variables 用细观交通变量表示电动客车的能耗

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100367

Sokratis Mamarikas , Stylianos Doulgeris , Nikolaos Aletras , Carol Ka-Lok Wong , Zissis Samaras , Leonidas Ntziachristos

This paper focuses on energy consumption modeling approaches for traffic and examines how they deviate when applied to evaluate Battery Electric Buses (BEBs), in a try to identify an approach that combines simplicity with accuracy. To do so, the paper exploits three of them: a micro, a meso and a macro one. The microscopic approach relies on a detailed power-based vehicle model that uses second-by-second vehicle speed profiles as traffic activity input, and it serves here as a reference tool. The approach of average speed was employed to represent the macroscopic one that uses a single traffic activity input. For the mesoscopic case, a new function had to be developed that would require traffic inputs on a level-of-detail in between the macroscopic and microscopic scale. A statistical analysis on several standardized driving cycles was conducted to select such inputs, leading to a relationship that associates consumption with two stop-related variables (number and duration). The mesoscopic and macroscopic models could then be evaluated, by comparing their consumption estimations with the detailed microscopic calculations over the same cases (real-world urban traffic of Athens & Hong-Kong, and traffic measures). While the macroscopic results revealed well-known limitations in accuracy of the average speed approach, as it deviated from the microscopic model by 10 % for urban traffic and 20 % for measures, the mesoscopic one closely matched the microscopic model (max 5 % error). Thus, for BEBs, a mesoscopic approach with only two activity inputs (stop-related variables) can satisfy requirements from energy modeling for valid estimations and simplicity in use. With these characteristics, the approach presents exploitation potential in multiple applications of urban transportation systems.

本文着重于交通的能源消耗建模方法，并检查它们在应用于评估纯电动公交车（beb）时如何偏离，试图确定一种将简单性与准确性相结合的方法。为此，本文利用了其中的三个因素：微观、中观和宏观因素。微观方法依赖于一个详细的基于动力的车辆模型，该模型使用逐秒的车辆速度概况作为交通活动输入，并在这里作为参考工具。采用平均速度的方法来表示使用单一交通活动输入的宏观速度。对于介观的情况，必须开发一种新的功能，要求在宏观和微观尺度之间的详细水平上进行交通输入。对几个标准化的驾驶循环进行了统计分析，以选择这样的输入，导致将消耗与两个停车相关变量（数量和持续时间）联系起来的关系。中观和宏观模型可以通过将它们的消费估计与相同情况下的详细微观计算（雅典和香港的真实城市交通和交通措施）进行比较来评估。虽然宏观结果揭示了众所周知的平均速度方法在精度上的局限性，因为它偏离微观模型的城市交通10%和测量20%，但中观的结果与微观模型非常匹配（最大误差为5%）。因此，对于beb，只有两个活动输入（与停止相关的变量）的介观方法可以满足能量建模对有效估计和简单使用的要求。由于这些特点，该方法在城市交通系统的多种应用中具有开发潜力。

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引用次数: 0

High-resolution multi-pollutant mapping in Denver, Colorado 科罗拉多州丹佛市的高分辨率多污染物地图

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100364

Priyanka deSouza , Benjamin Crawford , John L. Durant , Neelakshi Hudda , Peter Ibsen , Christian L'Orange , Jose Jimenez , Brady Graeber , Brendan Cicione , Ruth Mekonnen , Saadhana Purushothama , Ralph Kahn , Patrick L. Kinney , John Volckens

Characterizing traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs), which significantly impact health, and greenhouse gases (GHGs) can be challenging in urban environments. Mobile monitoring has the potential to capture the spatial distribution of these pollutants. We present results from a campaign using the Denver Mobile Monitoring Laboratory (DMML) in the summer of 2023 when we measured ultrafine particles (UFPs), black carbon (BC), ozone (O₃), methane (CH₄)_, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations in Denver, CO. Despite our campaign being brief, we obtained several interesting results. We observed elevated UFP and BC concentrations on major roads. In contrast, O₃ concentrations were higher on neighborhood streets and roads and in the industrial neighborhood of Commerce City. We consistently observed elevated CH₄ concentrations (>2.5 ppm) on highway I-70, suggesting the presence of a previously unknown major source of CH₄. The CH₄ concentrations measured in our campaign did not align with those from an overlapping aerial campaign, suggesting that mobile monitoring is crucial to capture important, potentially intermittent CH₄ hotspots in cities. We evaluated if trees mitigated pollution concentrations, as planting trees is a key policy initiative of the city of Denver. We observed significant negative associations between tree canopy coverage and UFPs, BC, and CH₄, and a positive association with O₃ when using linear mixed-effects regression models. Our work highlights the importance of investigating the role of tree canopy coverage to mitigate TRAPs.

在城市环境中，确定对健康有重大影响的交通相关空气污染物（TRAPs）和温室气体（GHGs）的特征可能具有挑战性。移动监测有可能捕捉到这些污染物的空间分布。我们介绍了2023年夏天使用丹佛移动监测实验室（DMML）在科罗拉多州丹佛市测量超细颗粒（ufp）、黑碳（BC）、臭氧（O3）、甲烷（CH4）和二氧化碳（CO2）浓度的活动结果。尽管我们的活动很短暂，但我们获得了几个有趣的结果。我们观察到主要道路上UFP和BC浓度升高。相比之下，商业城附近街道和道路以及工业区的O3浓度较高。我们在I-70高速公路上持续观察到CH4浓度升高（>2.5 ppm），这表明存在以前未知的CH4主要来源。在我们的活动中测量的CH4浓度与重叠的空中活动的浓度不一致，这表明移动监测对于捕获城市中重要的、可能间歇性的CH4热点至关重要。我们评估了树木是否减轻了污染浓度，因为植树是丹佛市的一项关键政策倡议。使用线性混合效应回归模型，我们发现树冠覆盖度与ufp、BC和CH4呈显著负相关，与O3呈正相关。我们的工作强调了调查树冠覆盖率在减少陷阱中的作用的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of PM source profiles identified by different techniques and the potential of utilizing single-particle analysis data in source apportionment 不同技术鉴定的PM源剖面的比较以及在源分配中利用单粒子分析数据的潜力

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100363

M. Manousakas , J. Rausch , D. Jaramillo-Vogel , K.S. Schneider-Beltran , A. Alastuey , J-L. Jaffrezo , G. Uzu , S. Perseguers , N. Schnidrig , A.S.H. Prevot , K.R. Daellenbach

This study examines the consistency between the chemical composition of source profiles retrieved by positive matrix factorization (PMF), which is based on bulk chemical analysis, and the composition of a large data set of individual particles from real-world environmental samples. Since PMF derives source profiles from the average chemical composition of many particles, it is crucial to assess how well these profiles reflect the actual composition of particles originating from individual sources. To address this, we compare PMF-based source apportionment of coarse particulate matter (PM_coarse) with Automated Single-Particle Analysis (ASPA) using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and a machine-learning based particle classification. Both methods identified at least four major PM_coarse sources—mineral dust, non-exhaust vehicle emissions, biological particles, and road salt—across urban and rural environments in Switzerland. The elemental composition of these sources determined by PMF was compared with ASPA-derived compositions of analogous particle types. The results indicate that while PMF effectively captures key source characteristics, single-particle analysis provides a more detailed representation of source-specific chemical compositions alongside morpho-textural features. ASPA also facilitated the identification and quantification of elements not detected in bulk analysis, such as oxygen and silica, improving overall PM characterization. A sensitivity test using a single-location subset demonstrated that incorporating ASPA-derived profiles into PMF enhances source differentiation, particularly for small data sets. These findings demonstrate the utility of single-particle analysis as an independent approach for constraining and validating the chemical composition of source profiles, thereby providing a means to enhance and validate source apportionment outcomes derived from bulk analysis methods such as PMF.

本研究考察了基于大量化学分析的正矩阵分解（PMF）提取的源剖面化学成分与来自真实环境样本的单个颗粒的大型数据集的组成之间的一致性。由于PMF从许多颗粒的平均化学成分中得出源剖面，因此评估这些剖面在多大程度上反映来自单个来源的颗粒的实际组成至关重要。为了解决这个问题，我们比较了基于pmf的粗颗粒物质（pm粗）源分配与使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结合能量色散x射线光谱（EDX）和基于机器学习的颗粒分类的自动单颗粒分析（ASPA）。两种方法都确定了瑞士城市和农村环境中至少四种主要的PMcoarse来源-矿物粉尘，非排气车辆排放，生物颗粒和道路盐。PMF测定的这些源的元素组成与aspa衍生的类似颗粒类型的组成进行了比较。结果表明，虽然PMF有效地捕获了关键的源特征，但单颗粒分析可以更详细地表示源特定的化学成分以及形态结构特征。ASPA还有助于鉴定和定量在整体分析中未检测到的元素，如氧和二氧化硅，提高整体PM表征。使用单一位置子集的灵敏度测试表明，将aspa衍生的剖面合并到PMF中可以增强源区分，特别是对于小数据集。这些发现证明了单颗粒分析作为约束和验证源剖面化学成分的独立方法的实用性，从而提供了一种增强和验证来自PMF等整体分析方法的源分配结果的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Approach to culturable bioaerosols and their environmental drivers at a border site in the northwestern Amazon 亚马逊西北部边境地区可培养生物气溶胶及其环境驱动因素的研究

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100362

Lizeth Russy-Velandia , Omar Ramírez , Jaime Barrera , Sebastián Mendoza-Téllez , Harry Álvarez , María Camila Patiño , Luis A. Ladino

This study represents the first characterization of culturable bioaerosols, including fungi and bacteria, in the northwestern Amazon region. Sampling was conducted in Guaviare, Colombia, during the seasonal transition from the dry to the wet period in March 2024. The bioaerosol collection device (MAS-100 Eco impactor) was positioned 7 m above ground level to minimize the influence of soil particle resuspension and ensure a reliable assessment of bioaerosols. Results showed that fungal concentrations (642 CFU/m³) were significantly higher than bacterial concentrations (228 CFU/m³). Humidity significantly influenced the morning peak levels of these microbes (p < 0.05). Fungal communities were predominantly composed of Schizophyllum commune and Penicillium herquei, while bacterial communities were predominantly composed of Arthrobacter sp., Exiguobacterium sp., and Stenotrophomonas pavani. The microbial community composition varied temporally throughout the day, with Firmicutes (56.4 %) and Ascomycota (53.7 %) predominating. Notably, human-associated species such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus were present. Air mass trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT model indicated that 49.5 % of sampled air originated from the northeastern plains of Colombia and Venezuela, while 36.2 % came from the southeastern Brazilian Amazon. These findings suggest that airborne microbial communities in the northwestern Amazon are shaped by regional air masses and local environmental conditions, reflecting both natural and anthropogenic influences. This study establishes a baseline for employing bioaerosols as bioindicators of ecological fragmentation and highlights the need to expand biomonitoring networks to track microbial diversity spatially and temporally in this vital biome.

这项研究首次表征了亚马逊西北地区可培养的生物气溶胶，包括真菌和细菌。在2024年3月从干湿季节过渡期间，在哥伦比亚的Guaviare进行了采样。生物气溶胶收集装置（MAS-100生态影响器）放置在离地面7米的地方，以尽量减少土壤颗粒再悬浮的影响，并确保对生物气溶胶的可靠评估。结果表明，真菌浓度（642 CFU/m3）显著高于细菌浓度（228 CFU/m3）。湿度对这些微生物的早晨峰值水平有显著影响（p < 0.05）。真菌群落以裂叶菌和赫quei青霉为主，细菌群落以节杆菌、出口杆菌和帕瓦尼窄养单胞菌为主。微生物群落组成在一天中有时间变化，以厚壁菌门（56.4%）和子囊菌门（53.7%）为主。值得注意的是，存在与人类相关的物种，如腐生葡萄球菌。利用HYSPLIT模型进行的气团轨迹分析表明，49.5%的空气样本来自哥伦比亚和委内瑞拉的东北部平原，36.2%来自巴西亚马逊的东南部。这些发现表明，亚马逊西北部的空气微生物群落受区域气团和当地环境条件的影响，反映了自然和人为的影响。本研究为利用生物气溶胶作为生态破碎化的生物指标建立了基线，并强调了扩大生物监测网络以在空间和时间上跟踪这一重要生物群系中的微生物多样性的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling sesquiterpene emissions in dominant trees of a Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnant 揭示巴西大西洋森林残余的优势树木的倍半萜排放

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100358

Bruno Ruiz Brandão da Costa , Fernanda Anselmo-Moreira , Alex Nascimento , Giselle da Silva Pedrosa , Eduardo Luís Martins Catharino , Agnès Borbon , Adalgiza Fornaro , Cláudia Maria Furlan , Silvia Ribeiro de Souza

Despite the significance of the Atlantic Forest, little is known about the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from its tree species. This study aimed to characterize sesquiterpene (SQT) emissions from ten dominant species in a forest remnant near São Paulo, Brazil, using a dynamic enclosure system and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 24 SQTs were annotated, including seven oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OSQTs). Emissions ranged from undetectable in Luehea divaricata to 277.54 ng gDM⁻¹ h⁻¹ in Alchornea sidifolia. Hierarchical clustering grouped species into four clusters based on emission intensity and chemical diversity: (1) high emission with low chemical diversity (A. sidifolia), (2) moderate-to-high emission with high diversity (Machaerium brasiliense and Allophylus edulis), (3) moderate emission with low (Guarea macrophylla) to moderate diversity (Machaerium nyctitans, Lithraea molleoides, and Casearia sylvestris), and (4) low emissions and low (Pittosporum undulatum) to moderate diversity (Nectandra barbellata), or undetectable emissions (Luehea divaricata). Most species predominantly emitted α-copaene, β-caryophyllene, or α-cubebene, each linked to defensive/ecological functions like herbivore deterrence and antimicrobial activity. Species with high β-caryophyllene emissions (A. edulis, L. molleoides) or OSQT diversity (A. sidifolia, M. brasiliense, M. nyctitans) emerged as promising candidates for bioprospecting. Conversely, from a SQT-emission perspective, low-emitting species (N. barbellata, P. undulatum, and L. divaricata) represent suitable potential candidates for urban greening due to their limited contribution to secondary pollutant formation. These findings provide a foundation for future BVOC research in the Atlantic Forest and support the strategic selection and application of species based on their SQT emission profiles.

尽管大西洋森林具有重要意义，但人们对其树种的生物源性挥发性有机化合物（BVOC）排放知之甚少。本研究旨在利用动态封闭系统和气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对巴西圣保罗附近森林遗迹中10种优势种的倍半萜（SQT）排放进行表征。共注释了24个sqt，包括7个氧合倍半萜（osqt）。排放范围从Luehea divaricata中检测不到到Alchornea sidifolia中的277.54 ng gDM−1 h−1。分层聚类根据排放强度和化学多样性将物种分为4类：(1)低化学多样性的高排放（A. sidifolia），(2)高多样性的中高排放（brasiliense和Allophylus edulis），(3)低多样性（Guarea macrophylla）至中等多样性（Machaerium nyctitans， Lithraea molleoides和Casearia sylvestris）的中排放，以及(4)低排放低（Pittosporum波动）至中等多样性（Nectandra barbellata）或无法检测到的排放（Luehea divaricata）。大多数物种主要释放α-copaene、β-石竹烯或α-立方烯，它们都具有防御/生态功能，如食草动物威慑和抗菌活性。具有高β-石竹烯排放量的物种（A. edulis， L. molleoides）或OSQT多样性的物种（A. sidifolia， M. brasiliense， M. nyctitans）成为生物勘探的有希望的候选物种。相反，从sqt排放的角度来看，低排放物种（N. barbellata， P. undulatum和L. divaricata）由于对二次污染物形成的贡献有限，因此代表了城市绿化的合适潜在候选者。这些发现为今后大西洋森林BVOC的研究奠定了基础，并为基于其SQT排放特征的物种战略选择和应用提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal characteristics on the ammonia emissions of a typical large-scale pig farm in the Yangtze River Delta, China 长三角典型大型养猪场氨排放的季节特征

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100354

Nan Shan , Shunzhe Wei , Yifan Fan , Yi Tong , Chuan Wang , Xiaoshan Hu , Bo Liu , Wenlin Wang , Nan Shan

Ammonia (NH₃) is a key PM_2.5 precursor that significantly contributes to haze formation and air quality degradation. Livestock farming accounts for more than 50 % of China's annual NH₃ emissions, and large-scale pig farms represent a major anthropogenic source. However, the current systematic knowledge of NH₃ emissions characteristics from large-scale pig farms is still deficient, and there are insufficient studies localized for China. We conducted year-round intensive monitoring of NH₃ emissions from a representative large-scale pig farm in the Yangtze River Delta to quantify the interactions between growth stage and season. In terms of seasonal variation, NH₃ emissions peaked in summer at 3.95 kg NH₃·year⁻¹·head⁻¹ and were lowest in winter at 1.53 kg NH₃·year⁻¹·head⁻¹. For the growth stages, we found that the average annual emission factors for piglet houses, nursery houses, fattening houses, gestation houses, and farrowing houses (with some piglets included) were 0.24, 0.84, 1.83, 3.55, and 5.61 kg NH₃·year⁻¹·head⁻¹. In addition, this study found that temperature was the key driver of NH₃ emissions (mean Spearman's r = 0.66, P < 0.001), whereas the overall correlation for humidity was weaker, with emissions significantly suppressed only in winter when ventilation was inadequate (average r = 0.49, P < 0.001). Based on local conditions, the farm-level annual NH₃ emission factor was determined to be 2.45 kg NH₃·year⁻¹·head⁻¹, highlighting the critical summer period for targeted mitigation. These findings provide a scientific basis for refining regional emission inventories and for developing stage- and season-specific abatement strategies that support PM2.5 control and the sustainable transformation of intensive pig production in the Yangtze River Delta.

氨（NH3）是PM2.5的关键前体，对雾霾的形成和空气质量的恶化起着重要作用。畜牧业占中国每年NH3排放量的50%以上，而大型养猪场是一个主要的人为来源。然而，目前对规模化养猪场NH3排放特征的系统认识仍然不足，针对中国的本土化研究也不足。本研究对长三角地区某具有代表性的大型养猪场进行了全年NH3排放的密集监测，以量化生长期与季节之间的相互作用。从季节变化来看，夏季NH3排放量最高，为3.95 kg NH3·年−1·水头−1，冬季最低，为1.53 kg NH3·年−1·水头−1。仔猪舍、苗圃舍、育肥舍、妊娠舍和产仔舍（含部分仔猪）的年平均排放因子分别为0.24、0.84、1.83、3.55和5.61 kg NH3·年−1·头−1。此外，本研究发现温度是NH3排放的关键驱动因素(平均Spearman’s r = 0.66, P <；0.001)，而湿度的整体相关性较弱，只有在冬季通风不足时，排放才会受到显著抑制(平均r = 0.49, P <；0.001)。根据当地条件，确定农场级年NH3排放因子为2.45 kg NH3·年−1·头−1，突出了目标减排的关键夏季。这些发现为完善区域排放清单、制定阶段性和阶段性减排策略提供了科学依据，为长三角地区的PM2.5控制和集约化养猪业的可持续转型提供了支持。

{"title":"Seasonal characteristics on the ammonia emissions of a typical large-scale pig farm in the Yangtze River Delta, China","authors":"Nan Shan , Shunzhe Wei , Yifan Fan , Yi Tong , Chuan Wang , Xiaoshan Hu , Bo Liu , Wenlin Wang , Nan Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) is a key PM<sub>2.5</sub> precursor that significantly contributes to haze formation and air quality degradation. Livestock farming accounts for more than 50 % of China's annual NH<sub>3</sub> emissions, and large-scale pig farms represent a major anthropogenic source. However, the current systematic knowledge of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions characteristics from large-scale pig farms is still deficient, and there are insufficient studies localized for China. We conducted year-round intensive monitoring of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from a representative large-scale pig farm in the Yangtze River Delta to quantify the interactions between growth stage and season. In terms of seasonal variation, NH<sub>3</sub> emissions peaked in summer at 3.95 kg NH<sub>3</sub>·year<sup>−1</sup>·head<sup>−1</sup> and were lowest in winter at 1.53 kg NH<sub>3</sub>·year<sup>−1</sup>·head<sup>−1</sup>. For the growth stages, we found that the average annual emission factors for piglet houses, nursery houses, fattening houses, gestation houses, and farrowing houses (with some piglets included) were 0.24, 0.84, 1.83, 3.55, and 5.61 kg NH<sub>3</sub>·year<sup>−1</sup>·head<sup>−1</sup>. In addition, this study found that temperature was the key driver of NH<sub>3</sub> emissions (mean Spearman's <em>r</em> = 0.66, <em>P</em> < 0.001), whereas the overall correlation for humidity was weaker, with emissions significantly suppressed only in winter when ventilation was inadequate (average <em>r</em> = 0.49, <em>P</em> < 0.001). Based on local conditions, the farm-level annual NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor was determined to be 2.45 kg NH<sub>3</sub>·year<sup>−1</sup>·head<sup>−1</sup>, highlighting the critical summer period for targeted mitigation. These findings provide a scientific basis for refining regional emission inventories and for developing stage- and season-specific abatement strategies that support PM2.5 control and the sustainable transformation of intensive pig production in the Yangtze River Delta.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Secondary organic aerosol from biomass burning intermediates induced significant oxidative stress in human lung epithelial cells 生物质燃烧中间体产生的二次有机气溶胶诱导人肺上皮细胞显著氧化应激

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100356

Jialiang Feng , Wei Zhang , Fang Zhou , Long Jia , Xiaoying Li , Zechen Yu , Xiaohui Zhu , Xi Zhang , Tianchen Qin , Jinyitao Wang , Shunyao Wang

Phenol and methoxyphenols are key semi-volatile compounds released from biomass burning with great potential in forming secondary organic aerosol (SOA), threatening global climate and public health. However, the underlying toxicity mechanisms of SOA from biomass burning (BBSOA) remain poorly understood. A detailed examination of the chemical composition and in vitro exposure were performed to comprehensively understand the oxidative stress effects of BBSOA on human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Oxidative damage and inflammatory responses of the cells following exposure to SOA from phenol (PSOA), guaiacol (GSOA), and syringol (SSOA) were evaluated. Exposure to BBSOA resulted in a noticeable reduction in cell viability, marked by a significantly increased apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Flow cytometry and confocal image analysis revealed significant increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating mitochondrial stress in vitro. The oxidative stress effect from PSOA was observed to be the most significant among all the three types of BBSOA. Using PSOA as a model system, RT-qPCR and RNA-sequencing confirmed that BBSOA induces the upregulation of typical oxidative stress genes, such as NQO1, HMOX1, and ALDH1A3, resulting in cell death. From acellular oxidative potential to cellular transcriptomic level, this work provided direct evidence on the oxidative stress effects from BBSOA, highlighting the health impacts of secondary biomass burning aerosol during regional transportation.

苯酚和甲氧基酚是生物质燃烧释放的重要半挥发性化合物，具有形成二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的巨大潜力，威胁着全球气候和公众健康。然而，生物质燃烧（BBSOA）的潜在毒性机制仍然知之甚少。为了全面了解BBSOA对人支气管上皮细胞（BEAS-2B）氧化应激的影响，我们对BBSOA的化学成分和体外暴露进行了详细的研究。我们评估了暴露于酚（PSOA）、愈创木酚（GSOA）和丁香酚（SSOA）中SOA后细胞的氧化损伤和炎症反应。暴露于BBSOA导致细胞活力明显降低，其标志是BEAS-2B细胞的凋亡显著增加。流式细胞术和共聚焦图像分析显示活性氧（ROS）显著增加，表明线粒体在体外应激。三种类型的BBSOA中，PSOA的氧化应激效应最为显著。以PSOA为模型系统，RT-qPCR和rna测序证实，BBSOA诱导NQO1、HMOX1、ALDH1A3等典型氧化应激基因上调，导致细胞死亡。从胞外氧化电位到细胞转录组水平，本研究为BBSOA的氧化应激效应提供了直接证据，突出了生物质二次燃烧气溶胶在区域运输过程中的健康影响。

{"title":"Secondary organic aerosol from biomass burning intermediates induced significant oxidative stress in human lung epithelial cells","authors":"Jialiang Feng , Wei Zhang , Fang Zhou , Long Jia , Xiaoying Li , Zechen Yu , Xiaohui Zhu , Xi Zhang , Tianchen Qin , Jinyitao Wang , Shunyao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenol and methoxyphenols are key semi-volatile compounds released from biomass burning with great potential in forming secondary organic aerosol (SOA), threatening global climate and public health. However, the underlying toxicity mechanisms of SOA from biomass burning (BBSOA) remain poorly understood. A detailed examination of the chemical composition and <em>in vitro</em> exposure were performed to comprehensively understand the oxidative stress effects of BBSOA on human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Oxidative damage and inflammatory responses of the cells following exposure to SOA from phenol (PSOA), guaiacol (GSOA), and syringol (SSOA) were evaluated. Exposure to BBSOA resulted in a noticeable reduction in cell viability, marked by a significantly increased apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Flow cytometry and confocal image analysis revealed significant increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating mitochondrial stress <em>in vitro</em>. The oxidative stress effect from PSOA was observed to be the most significant among all the three types of BBSOA. Using PSOA as a model system, RT-qPCR and RNA-sequencing confirmed that BBSOA induces the upregulation of typical oxidative stress genes, such as <em>NQO1,</em> <em>HMOX1</em><em>, and ALDH1A3,</em> resulting in cell death. From acellular oxidative potential to cellular transcriptomic level, this work provided direct evidence on the oxidative stress effects from BBSOA, highlighting the health impacts of secondary biomass burning aerosol during regional transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37150,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment: X","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of heterogeneous vehicle carbon dioxide emission trajectories using integrated vehicle, road, travel, and environmental data 利用综合车辆、道路、旅行和环境数据估算异质车辆二氧化碳排放轨迹

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100359

Hui Ding , Hui Gao , Yonghong Liu

Individual vehicle travel carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission (CE) trajectories were crucial for targeting high-emitters for precise control and guiding low-carbon travel. Variations in CE arise from vehicle performance, traffic conditions, and trip purposes. Using real Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) data and integrating multi-source vehicle, road, trip, and environmental data, this study proposed an "Identification-Calculation-Evaluation" framework to quantify and analyze city-scale full-individual vehicle CE trajectories. A case in Xuancheng, China, was conducted and revealed spatiotemporal CE heterogeneity. The results showed that approximately 50 % of CE was contributed by the top 5 % of high-emission vehicles, exhibiting a significant “Pareto Principle”. Among the top 5 % of high-emission vehicles, LPC-gasoline (57 % of vehicles, 40 % of CE), HDT-diesel (32 %, 42 %), and Taxi-gasoline (5 %, 12 %) were the main contributors. Their daily CE trajectory ranges were [0, 6] kg, [0, 15] kg, and [0, 8] kg, respectively. Taxi-gasoline and HDT-diesel exhibit more individual variation. Peak-time CE trajectories on these Top 5 % vehicles were 2–6 times higher than off-peak. For LPC-gasoline and Taxi-gasoline, over 60 % of CE occurred during congestion links. Peak times of CE trajectories occurred around 7:00 and 17:00 on a day, with spatial hotspots predominantly concentrated in urban core areas. Notably, Taxi-gasoline vehicles exhibited more clustered hotspots. HDT-diesel CE trajectories peaked earlier (6:00–7:00), with hotspots distributed along major urban corridors, and CE was 1–3 times higher than in ordinary areas. This study provided precise support for low-carbon traffic governance, and the framework could be extended to other cities to inform carbon reduction strategies.

个人车辆出行二氧化碳（CO2）排放轨迹对于精确控制高排放和指导低碳出行至关重要。车辆性能、交通状况和出行目的会导致交通负荷的变化。本研究利用真实车辆自动识别（AVI）数据，整合多源车辆、道路、出行和环境数据，提出了“识别-计算-评估”框架，对城市尺度下整车CE轨迹进行量化分析。以中国宣城为例，揭示了CE的时空异质性。结果表明，大约50%的CE是由前5%的高排放车辆贡献的，这体现了重要的“帕累托原则”。在前5%的高排放车辆中，lpc -汽油（57%的车辆，40%的CE）， hdt -柴油（32%,42%）和出租车-汽油（5%,12%）是主要贡献者。每日CE轨迹范围分别为[0,6]kg、[0,15]kg和[0,8]kg。出租车汽油和hdt柴油表现出更多的个体差异。排名前5%的车辆在高峰时段的碳排放轨迹是非高峰时段的2-6倍。对于低油耗汽油和出租车汽油，超过60%的碳排放发生在拥堵路段。空间热点主要集中在城市核心区；值得注意的是，出租车汽油车出现了更多的聚集热点。高密度柴油碳排放轨迹峰值较早（6:00-7:00），热点分布在主要城市走廊沿线，碳排放比普通地区高1-3倍。该研究为低碳交通治理提供了精确的支持，并可推广到其他城市，为碳减排战略提供参考。

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引用次数: 0