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An absorption model of volatile organic compound by plant leaf: The most influential site in the absorption pathway 植物叶片吸收挥发性有机化合物的模型:吸收途径中最具影响力的部位
IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100274
Mizuki Yamane, Akira Tani

Plant leaves absorb some kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and can contribute to air purification, as revealed by recent exposure experiments conducted at environmentally realistic concentrations in ppb (v/v). However, the mechanisms underlying VOC absorption by plants remain unclear. In this study, we applied Fick's first law of diffusion to a VOC absorption model for plant leaves to account for the VOC diffusion process via stomata, air-liquid partitioning, partitioning into the plasma membrane, and metabolic conversion of the VOC in plant cells. The resistance and concentration of VOCs at individual sites were determined using previously reported absorption data for aliphatic aldehydes and ketones in three plant species and the leaf morphology parameters obtained from leaf cross-section micrographs. The highest resistance occurred at the metabolic site (rmet), suggesting that VOC metabolic capacity is the most influential factor in VOC absorption. The resistance of stomata (rs) or plasma membrane (rpl) was the second highest, depending on compound family. Using the absorption rate data of Q. acutissima, it is revealed that metabolic site resistance rmet for methyl vinyl ketone is affected by light intensity. Thus, our VOC absorption model can determine the most influential site in the absorption pathway both for different VOCs and plant species. Our model can contribute to the development of plant-based strategies for controlling air pollution.

植物叶片吸收某些种类的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),并能促进空气净化,最近在ppb(v/v)环境现实浓度下进行的接触实验揭示了这一点。然而,植物吸收挥发性有机化合物的机制仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们将菲克第一扩散定律应用于植物叶片的挥发性有机化合物吸收模型,以解释挥发性有机化合物通过气孔、气液分区、质膜分区以及挥发性有机化合物在植物细胞中的代谢转化的扩散过程。利用之前报告的三种植物对脂肪族醛类和酮类的吸收数据以及从叶片横截面显微照片中获得的叶片形态参数,确定了各个部位的阻力和挥发性有机化合物的浓度。代谢部位的阻力最大(rmet),这表明挥发性有机化合物的代谢能力是影响挥发性有机化合物吸收的最大因素。气孔(rs)或质膜(rpl)的阻力次之,具体取决于化合物种类。利用 Q. acutissima 的吸收率数据,可以发现甲基乙烯酮的代谢部位阻力 rmet 受光照强度的影响。因此,我们的挥发性有机化合物吸收模型可以确定不同挥发性有机化合物和植物物种在吸收途径中影响最大的部位。我们的模型有助于开发基于植物的空气污染控制策略。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the ammonia emissions from conventional, mechanically ventilated broiler houses in Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰传统机械通风肉鸡舍氨气排放评估
IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100273
C.C. Mulvenna, M.E.E. Ball

Ammonia (NH3) is an important pollutant, with serious negative environmental effects. With targets to reduce the total emissions at a United Kingdom level by 2030, it is important to quantify the emissions from contributing sectors to understand the current state for future mitigation strategies. The objective of this work was to establish an updated NH3 emission factor for broiler production in Northern Ireland. NH3 was measured on two identical broiler houses following the principles of the VERA 2.0 protocol across one year's production which encompassed at least six continuous measurement periods of a minimum of 24 h. The NH3 emissions calculated during this work did not statistically differ between the site (P = 0.275) or house (P = 0.631). NH3 emissions increased with progressing bird age (P < 0.001). NH3 emissions were not influenced by outside environmental conditions. The current study updated the NH3 emission factor for mechanically ventilated, confined broiler systems in Northern Ireland to 0.024 kg/bird place/year, 10.1 %TAN or 42.6 g/LU/d which is 29% lower in comparison to the previous the figure of 0.034 kg/bird place/year reported by The UK Ammonia Inventory.

氨(NH3)是一种重要的污染物,对环境有严重的负面影响。英国的目标是到 2030 年减少总排放量,因此必须量化各行业的排放量,以了解现状,从而制定未来的减排战略。这项工作的目的是确定北爱尔兰肉鸡生产的最新 NH3 排放系数。按照 VERA 2.0 协议的原则,在两栋相同的肉鸡舍中测量了一年生产过程中的 NH3 排放量,其中包括至少连续测量六次,每次测量时间不少于 24 小时。随着鸟龄的增加,NH3排放量也在增加(P < 0.001)。NH3 排放量不受外界环境条件的影响。本研究将北爱尔兰机械通风密闭肉鸡饲养系统的 NH3 排放系数更新为 0.024 千克/只/年、10.1%TAN 或 42.6 克/升/日,与英国氨清单报告的 0.034 千克/只/年相比,降低了 29%。
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引用次数: 0
Performance modification of an acid gas incinerator to reduce atmospheric pollutants impact: Energy management, HAZOP and LCA analyses 对酸性气体焚化炉进行性能改造,以减少对大气污染物的影响:能源管理、HAZOP 和 LCA 分析
IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100272
Mohammad Kazem Shahbazinasab , Mohammad Reza Rahimpour , Payam Setoodeh , Hamed Peyrovedin , Nargess Kargari

In today's industrial landscape, energy management, process modification, and reduction of atmospheric concentrations of pollutants and safety risks have become paramount. This focus is driven by the need to address environmental concerns, economic efficiency, and the global energy and climate change crisis. In gas refineries, incinerators are widely used to convert deadly and environmentally polluting acid gases into less hazardous gases. Therefore, improving incinerator performance can significantly impact environmental, economic, and energy aspects. According to the results of an energy management study at the domestic gas processing plant, the acid gas incineration unit was identified as a significant energy use. Therefore, based on the effects of the performance of this incinerator from environmental and energy points of view, the mentioned unit was prioritized for modification in this work. For this purpose, incinerator performance was assessed using Promax simulation, and Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis was employed to identify potential hazards. The simulations revealed that acid gas residence time was 0.81s, longer than the 0.6s initial design with the damper in place. This suggests damper removal is feasible. Removing the damper reduces residence time and lowers incinerator temperature, especially during startup. Therefore, temperature was considered as the keyword in the HAZOP study, and a number of recommendations were proposed to eliminate or mitigate the risks of system modification. Furthermore, the assistance of results obtained from energy management based on ISO 50001:2018 standards confirm improvements in energy efficiency and fuel consumption, which have positive economic and environmental impacts. Moreover, the study employs a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach using SimaPro Software 9.5.0.1 and the CML-baseline method (Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden) for environmental impact assessment. The results reveal that, across ten environmental impact categories, the modified project exhibits significantly reduced environmental impacts compared to its original state.

在当今的工业领域,能源管理、工艺改造以及降低大气污染物浓度和安全风险已成为重中之重。之所以如此重视,是因为需要解决环境问题、经济效益以及全球能源和气候变化危机。在天然气精炼厂中,焚化炉被广泛用于将致命的、污染环境的酸性气体转化为危害较小的气体。因此,提高焚化炉的性能可对环境、经济和能源方面产生重大影响。根据国内天然气处理厂的能源管理研究结果,酸性气体焚烧装置被确定为能源使用大户。因此,基于从环境和能源角度对该焚化炉性能的影响,在这项工作中优先对上述装置进行改造。为此,使用 Promax 仿真对焚化炉性能进行了评估,并采用了危险与可操作性(HAZOP)分析来确定潜在的危险。模拟结果表明,酸性气体的停留时间为 0.81 秒,长于最初设计的 0.6 秒。这表明拆除风门是可行的。拆除风门可缩短停留时间并降低焚烧炉温度,尤其是在启动期间。因此,在 HAZOP 研究中,温度被视为关键词,并提出了一系列建议,以消除或减轻系统改造的风险。此外,基于 ISO 50001:2018 标准的能源管理所取得的辅助结果证实了能源效率和燃料消耗的改善,这对经济和环境产生了积极影响。此外,研究还采用了生命周期评估(LCA)方法,使用 SimaPro 软件 9.5.0.1 和 CML 基准法(莱顿 Milieukunde 中心)进行环境影响评估。结果表明,在十个环境影响类别中,修改后的项目对环境的影响比原来大大减少。
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引用次数: 0
Insights into civil aviation emissions in China: Analysis of an emission inventory of air pollutants and the ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP) dataset 洞察中国民航排放:对空气污染物排放清单和中国高空气污染物(CHAP)数据集的分析
IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100270
Xin Xu , Qian You , Zheng Zhang , Zimeng Zhao , Zhaotong Wang , Bidi Zhang , Xin Bo

The emissions from the civil aviation sector are a significant source of CO2 and air pollutants, which represent a serious threat to ambient air quality and public health. To gain a deeper understanding of civil aviation airport emissions, it is imperative to develop a precise and comprehensive emission inventory of China's civil aviation airports. However, there are limited studies dedicated to analyzing and verifying the accuracy and completeness of China's civil aviation emission inventory. Here, this study explored pollution characteristics from temporal trends and spatial distribution perspectives based on a previously developed 2019–2020 high-resolution air pollution and CO2 emission inventory of the landing and take-off (LTO) cycle of civil aviation airports in China and the ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP) dataset. Besides, this study established an empirical model to evaluate the relationship between the air pollutant emissions of China's civil aviation sector in 2019–2020 and the pollutant concentration from the CHAP dataset. Compared to those in 2019, the total NOx, CO, PM, and SO2 emissions during the LTO phase in China's civil aviation sector in 2020 decreased by 14.29%–24.32%, and the average concentrations of NO2, CO, PM10, and SO2 in 2020 decreased by 6.33%–9.45%. The eastern, central, and southern regions of China are characterized by high emissions of pollutants, a phenomenon closely related to the economic prosperity and tourism development in these areas. They tend to boast higher route densities, increasing air transport activity and consequently resulting in elevated emissions. In addition, NOx had the highest correlation coefficient in the empirical model, with a correlation coefficient of 0.603 in 2019. Our findings provide new insights into civil aviation emissions in China from the analysis of the emission inventory of air pollutants and the CHAP dataset and provide a new method for verifying the accuracy and completeness of China's civil aviation emission inventory.

民航业是二氧化碳和空气污染物的重要排放源,对环境空气质量和公众健康构成严重威胁。为了更深入地了解民航机场的排放情况,当务之急是编制一份精确、全面的中国民航机场排放清单。然而,专门用于分析和验证中国民航排放清单准确性和完整性的研究十分有限。在此,本研究基于之前开发的 2019-2020 年中国民航机场起降(LTO)周期高分辨率空气污染和二氧化碳排放清单以及中国高空污染物(CHAP)数据集,从时间趋势和空间分布角度探讨了污染特征。此外,本研究还建立了一个实证模型来评估 2019-2020 年中国民航大气污染物排放与 CHAP 数据集污染物浓度之间的关系。与2019年相比,2020年中国民航LTO阶段氮氧化物、一氧化碳、可吸入颗粒物和二氧化硫排放总量下降了14.29%-24.32%,2020年氮氧化物、一氧化碳、可吸入颗粒物和二氧化硫平均浓度下降了6.33%-9.45%。中国东部、中部和南部地区的污染物排放量较高,这一现象与这些地区的经济繁荣和旅游业发展密切相关。这些地区的航线密度较高,增加了航空运输活动,从而导致排放量增加。此外,在实证模型中,氮氧化物的相关系数最高,2019 年的相关系数为 0.603。我们的研究结果通过对大气污染物排放清单的分析和 CHAP 数据集,为中国民航排放提供了新的见解,并为验证中国民航排放清单的准确性和完整性提供了新的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Hydroprocessing of fossil fuel-based aviation kerosene – Technology options and climate impact mitigation potentials 基于化石燃料的航空煤油的水处理--技术选择和减轻气候影响的潜力
IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100259
Gunnar Quante , Steffen Voß , Nils Bullerdiek , Christiane Voigt , Martin Kaltschmitt

Aviation contributes about 4 % of global anthropogenic climate forcing primarily by contrails, CO2 and NOx emissions. Renewably sourced aviation kerosene can help to reduce the climate impact from CO2 and from contrails, but so far, its production capacities are very small. Hence, the climate impact of using fossil fuel-based kerosene with a hydrogen content increased by hydroprocessing as short term mitigation measure is studied here. Therefore, the change in net energy forcing (ΔEFnet) in 2019 is calculated as the sum of the change in contrail energy forcing (ΔEFcontrail) and additional CO2 emissions (ΔEFhydroprocessing) from aviation kerosene hydroprocessing (ΔEFnet = ΔEFcontrail + ΔEFhydroprocessing). The results show that hydroprocessed aviation kerosene can reduce the net energy forcing EFnet by about 33 % with ΔEFhydroprocessing penalty of 5 %-points. Increasing the hydroprocessing severity increases the relative climate benefit, which is only slightly affected by the emissions factor for hydroprocessing or the choice of the time horizon. Data limitations about fuel composition and its effect on contrails and climate cause considerable uncertainties and the fuel's compliance with specification standards needs consideration. This study on the climate effect of hydroprocessed fossil kerosene can help to assess near-term measures to reduce the climate impact from aviation.

在全球人为气候作用力中,航空约占 4%,主要来自于烟尘、二氧化碳和氮氧化物的排放。可再生航空煤油有助于减少二氧化碳和烟尘对气候的影响,但到目前为止,其生产能力还非常小。因此,本文研究了使用化石燃料煤油(通过加氢处理增加氢含量)作为短期减缓措施对气候的影响。因此,2019 年的净能量强迫变化(ΔEFnet)是由航空煤油加氢处理产生的尾迹能量强迫变化(ΔEFcontrail)和额外二氧化碳排放(ΔEFhydroprocessing)之和计算得出的(ΔEFnet = ΔEFcontrail + ΔEFhydroprocessing)。结果表明,加氢处理航空煤油可将净能量强迫 EFnet 降低约 33%,ΔEF 加氢处理惩罚为 5%-点。提高加氢处理的严重程度可增加相对气候效益,而加氢处理的排放因子或时间范围的选择对气候效益的影响很小。由于燃料成分及其对反气云和气候的影响方面的数据限制,造成了相当大的不确定性,而且需要考虑燃料是否符合规范标准。这项关于加氢处理化石煤油对气候影响的研究有助于评估减少航空对气候影响的近期措施。
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引用次数: 0
Estimating PM levels on an underground metro platform by exploring a new model-based factor research 通过探索基于新模型的因子研究估算地铁地下站台的可吸入颗粒物水平
IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100261
Minghui Tu, Ulf Olofsson

Over recent decades, the adverse impacts of airborne particles on human health have received wide attention. Elevated PM concentrations on underground platforms might pose a significant public health issue within underground metro systems. This study explores the impact of introducing a new type of train on the concentration of airborne particles on an underground metro platform through statistical modelling, analyses interactions between various factors, and estimates air quality on underground platforms after introducing a new type of train. Based on the data from a long-term field measurement, a linear mixed model, the multi-factor interaction model, which is an expansion of a previous multi-factor model, explored the impacts of train operations, passenger flow, urban background PM levels, ventilation, nighttime maintenance work, and their interactions on hourly PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 values on the platform. The model results show a positive correlation between those factors and platform PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 values, with significant interactions among these factors. The new model has a higher estimate quality than the previous model. Based on the combination of the model and measurement results, the levels of underground PM decreased significantly after replacing the old type of trains with new ones.

近几十年来,空气中的颗粒物对人类健康的不利影响受到了广泛关注。在地下地铁系统中,地下月台上可吸入颗粒物浓度的升高可能会造成严重的公共健康问题。本研究通过统计建模探讨了引入新型列车对地铁地下站台空气中颗粒物浓度的影响,分析了各种因素之间的相互作用,并估计了引入新型列车后地下站台的空气质量。根据长期实地测量的数据,采用线性混合模型,即多因素交互模型(对之前的多因素模型进行了扩展),探讨了列车运行、客流量、城市背景 PM 水平、通风、夜间维护工作及其交互作用对站台上每小时 PM10、PM2.5 和 PM1 值的影响。模型结果显示,这些因素与站台 PM10、PM2.5 和 PM1 值之间呈正相关,且这些因素之间存在显著的相互作用。与之前的模型相比,新模型的估计质量更高。根据模型和测量结果的结合,在用新型列车替换旧型列车后,地下 PM 的水平明显下降。
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引用次数: 0
Contribution of regional versus trans-regional anthropogenic sources to the particulate matter over western India derived from high-resolution modeling 通过高分辨率建模得出的印度西部上空颗粒物的区域和跨区域人为来源的比例
IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100268
Shubham Dhaka , Shipra Lakshmi , Narendra Ojha , Andrea Pozzer , Amit Sharma

Elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) significantly deteriorate the air quality; however, the contributions from regional versus remote anthropogenic sources have remained uncertain over the western Indian region. In this regard, we have performed high-resolution regional modeling (WRF-Chem v3.9.1) to quantify the contribution of regional versus trans-regional anthropogenic sources to PM2.5 (fine PM) and PM2.5-10 (coarse PM) concentrations in contrasting seasons. Seasonal variability in spatial mean Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) derived from the WRF-Chem model (0.21–0.42) agreed reasonably with MERRA-2 reanalysis (0.29–0.54) and MODIS satellite (0.23–0.51) over western India. Variability in surface PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were also reproduced as per the benchmarks (|Fractional Bias| ≤ 60% and |Fractional Error| ≤ 75%) at most of the stations in this region. Results from sensitivity simulations reveal the dominant contribution of both regional and trans-regional anthropogenic sources to PM2.5 concentrations over western India in winter and post-monsoon, when PM2.5 concentrations are generally high. On the other hand, contribution from background levels (due to domain-wide natural emissions, fire emissions and pollutant transport from beyond domain boundaries) is highest during pre-monsoon and monsoon with a significant contribution of mineral dust especially to PM2.5-10 (coarse PM). Analysis of PM spatial distribution at ∼900hpa pressure level reveals greater relative contributions of trans-regional emissions and background levels compared to that near the surface. Our study highlights key roles of trans-regional anthropogenic emissions and mineral dust, besides the local and regional emissions, in air pollution over western India. The quantitative analyses presented here would be useful for designing measures to minimize health and environmental impacts in line with the objectives of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in India.

颗粒物(PM)浓度升高会严重恶化空气质量;然而,在印度西部地区,区域与远程人为源的贡献仍不确定。为此,我们进行了高分辨率区域建模(WRF-Chem v3.9.1),以量化区域和跨区域人为源在不同季节对 PM2.5(细颗粒物)和 PM2.5-10(粗颗粒物)浓度的贡献。WRF-Chem 模型得出的空间平均气溶胶光学深度(AOD)的季节变化(0.21-0.42)与印度西部的 MERRA-2 再分析(0.29-0.54)和 MODIS 卫星(0.23-0.51)吻合。该地区大部分站点的地表 PM2.5 和 PM10 浓度的变化也按照基准("分数偏差"≤ 60% 和 "分数误差"≤ 75%)进行了再现。敏感性模拟的结果显示,在印度西部冬季和季风后,区域和跨区域人为源对 PM2.5 浓度的贡献占主导地位,此时 PM2.5 浓度通常较高。另一方面,在季风前和季风期间,本底水平的贡献(由于域范围内的自然排放、火灾排放和来自域边界以外的污染物迁移)最大,尤其是矿物粉尘对 PM2.5-10(粗颗粒物)的贡献很大。对 ∼900hpa 压力水平的可吸入颗粒物空间分布的分析表明,与近地面的可吸入颗粒物空间分布相比,跨区域排放和本底水平的相对贡献更大。我们的研究强调了除本地和区域排放外,跨区域人为排放和矿物尘埃在印度西部空气污染中的关键作用。这里提出的定量分析将有助于根据印度国家清洁空气计划(NCAP)的目标设计措施,最大限度地减少对健康和环境的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of non-target gas interferences on a multi-gas cavity ring-down spectrometer 多气腔环降光谱仪上的非目标气体干扰调查
IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100258
Pablo García, Anna Holm Støckler, Anders Feilberg, Jesper Nørlem Kamp

Emissions from agriculture are a worldwide problem as it is the major anthropogenic source of ammonia, methane, and nitrous oxide. Several efforts have been made to mitigate emissions. To achieve this, reliable measuring techniques are necessary to quantify the impact of the emissions. Different techniques relying on different principles are available. Generally, these techniques demonstrate good agreement on their measurements but there is a lack of studies that thoroughly investigate cross-interferences. In this work, three different models of Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometers measuring ammonia, nitrous oxide, and methane were tested in parallel for potential biases due to interference from ammonia, water vapor, and twelve volatile organic compounds commonly present in agricultural environments. Our results showed a small negative bias with increasing humidity on nitrous oxide and minor interferences of ammonia on nitrous oxide and methane. None of the tested volatile organic compounds interfered with ammonia, methane, or nitrous oxide measurements. Overall, concentration measurements of ammonia, nitrous oxide, and methane with cavity ring-down spectrometry have proven reliable under typical agricultural conditions. Minor interferences were only observed under exceptional conditions.

农业排放是一个世界性问题,因为它是氨气、甲烷和氧化亚氮的主要人为来源。为了减少排放,人们已经做出了许多努力。为此,需要可靠的测量技术来量化排放的影响。目前有基于不同原理的不同技术。一般来说,这些技术的测量结果显示出良好的一致性,但缺乏彻底调查交叉干扰的研究。在这项工作中,我们对测量氨、一氧化二氮和甲烷的三种不同型号的空腔环降分光仪进行了平行测试,以了解氨、水蒸气和农业环境中常见的 12 种挥发性有机化合物的干扰可能造成的偏差。结果表明,随着湿度的增加,氧化亚氮会出现微小的负偏差,而氨对氧化亚氮和甲烷的干扰较小。所测试的挥发性有机化合物都不会干扰氨、甲烷或一氧化二氮的测量。总的来说,在典型的农业条件下,使用空腔降环光谱法测量氨、一氧化二氮和甲烷的浓度是可靠的。只有在特殊条件下才能观察到轻微的干扰。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial, temporal features and influence of meteorology on PM2.5 and O3 association across urban and rural environments of India 印度城市和农村环境中 PM2.5 和 O3 关联的时空特征和气象影响
IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100265
A. Sai Krishnaveni, B.L. Madhavan, Chaithanya D. Jain, M. Venkat Ratnam

This study provides an extensive analysis of the spatio-temporal association between particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and ground-level Ozone (O3) across four selected urban settlements (Delhi, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad, and Kolkata), and a rural (Gadanki) area in India. Utilizing 4 years (2019–2022) data from multiple sites in India, the study employed the robust linear regression, and deweathering techniques to elucidate the dynamics of PM2.5 and O3 under varying environmental conditions. Key findings include, in urban areas like Kolkata and Bengaluru, PM2.5 and O3 exhibited a consistent year-round positive relationship pre- and post-deweathering. This implies that within these cities, emission sources, and atmospheric chemistry are crucial in shaping the association between PM2.5, and O3 than meteorological conditions. In contrast, negative correlations were more dominant over Delhi and Ahmedabad, which were unaffected by meteorology except in a few seasons. Typically, in Ahmedabad, this relationship differed from the general trend, displaying a positive correlation in winter and a negative in the pre-monsoon season. The rural area of Gadanki presents a unique case where deweathering alters the observed correlations significantly (shifted from positive to negative association), highlighting the dominant role of meteorological factors in driving PM2.5 and O3 relationship in rural settings. Relative humidity (RH), temperature (T), and wind direction (WD) were the key factors influencing PM2.5 and O3 relationship, although their impact varied seasonally and by location. However, the analysis during COVID-19 lockdown highlights the combined impact of meteorology and anthropogenic emissions on PM2.5 and O3 association, rather than the effect of each factor individually. These outcomes emphasize the need to account for both meteorological and non-meteorological factors in the air quality analysis. The findings offer valuable insights into coordinating the control of these pollutants, suggesting that effective air quality control strategies should be tailored to the specific needs and conditions of each region. This approach is crucial for developing more effective and targeted air quality management policies, especially in a diverse and rapidly developing country like India.

本研究广泛分析了印度四个选定城市住区(德里、班加罗尔、艾哈迈达巴德和加尔各答)和一个农村地区(Gadanki)的 2.5 μm 或以下颗粒物(PM2.5)与地面臭氧(O3)之间的时空关联。利用来自印度多个地点的 4 年(2019-2022 年)数据,该研究采用了稳健线性回归和去重技术来阐明不同环境条件下 PM2.5 和 O3 的动态变化。主要发现包括:在加尔各答和班加罗尔等城市地区,PM2.5 和 O3 在风化前后呈现出一致的全年正相关关系。这意味着,在这些城市中,与气象条件相比,排放源和大气化学对形成 PM2.5 和 O3 之间的关联至关重要。相比之下,负相关在德里和艾哈迈达巴德更为突出,这两个城市除少数季节外不受气象条件的影响。在艾哈迈达巴德,这种关系通常与总体趋势不同,在冬季呈正相关,而在季风前季节呈负相关。Gadanki 的农村地区是一个独特的案例,在这里,风化显著改变了观察到的相关性(从正相关转为负相关),突出了气象因素在推动农村地区 PM2.5 和 O3 关系中的主导作用。相对湿度(RH)、温度(T)和风向(WD)是影响 PM2.5 和 O3 关系的关键因素,尽管它们的影响因季节和地点而异。然而,COVID-19锁定期间的分析突出了气象和人为排放对PM2.5和O3关系的综合影响,而不是每个因素的单独影响。这些结果强调了在空气质量分析中考虑气象和非气象因素的必要性。研究结果为协调控制这些污染物提供了宝贵的见解,表明有效的空气质量控制策略应适合每个地区的具体需求和条件。这种方法对于制定更有效、更有针对性的空气质量管理政策至关重要,尤其是在印度这样一个多样化和快速发展的国家。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the effect of remanufacturing diesel particulate filters to minimize environmental impacts 评估柴油微粒滤清器再制造对环境影响最小化的效果
IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2024.100269
Akihiro Yoshimura , Kensuke Mori , Vinas Dan , Tomohisa Kanazawa , Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto , Yasunari Matsuno

Exhaust gas purification is required for the operation of heavy machinery, e.g., construction machinery which mainly uses diesel engines. Precious metals such as the platinum group are used in catalysts for this purpose, which heavily impacts the environment. In this study, the authors evaluated the potential of remanufacturing diesel particulate filters (DPF) to reduce these impacts. Climate change indicators, i.e., global warming potential (GWP), and resource consumption were evaluated.

As a result, the environmental impacts of new product manufacturing, particularly resource production and the manufacturing process, were quantitatively estimated to be significant, while the environmental impacts of the remanufacturing process, product delivery, and disposal of the used products were significantly lower. In addition, 47% of the GWP and 50% of the resource consumption were reduced using remanufactured diesel particulate filters compared with using only new diesel particulate filters.

重型机械(如主要使用柴油发动机的建筑机械)的运行需要进行废气净化。为此,催化剂中使用了铂族等贵金属,这对环境造成了严重影响。在这项研究中,作者评估了再制造柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)以减少这些影响的潜力。对气候变化指标,即全球升温潜能值(GWP)和资源消耗进行了评估。结果表明,新产品制造,特别是资源生产和制造过程,对环境的定量影响很大,而再制造过程、产品交付和废旧产品处置对环境的影响则明显较低。此外,与只使用新的柴油微粒过滤器相比,使用再制造柴油微粒过滤器可减少 47% 的全球升温潜能值和 50% 的资源消耗。
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引用次数: 0
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Atmospheric Environment: X
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