Atmospheric Environment: X最新文献_第9页

A study of VOCs in waste incinerator plumes and landfill emissions via drone sounding 利用无人机探测研究垃圾焚烧炉烟气和垃圾填埋场排放的挥发性有机化合物

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100344

Chih-Yuan Chang , Yen-Chen Chen , Jia-Lin Wang , Wen-He Kao , Chieh-Heng Wang , Xiang-Xu Pan , Chang-Feng Ou-Yang , Hsin-Cheng Hsieh , Wen-Tzu Liu , Chih-Chung Chang

Incineration is a waste treatment method that involves burning the organic components of waste. While this process significantly reduces the volume of waste sent to landfills, it also generates environmental pollution and poses potential risks to public health. Although volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from some combustion processes have been studied, VOCs released in the form of aerial plumes from incinerator smokestacks have rarely been evaluated. This knowledge gap is primarily due to the lack of suitable observation techniques for accurately detecting and capturing smokestack plumes. In this study, we employed novel drone-based observation and sampling techniques to investigate the characteristic VOCs emitted from a waste incineration smokestack. Additionally, we analyzed VOC emissions from landfills to provide a comparative assessment. Our findings indicate that incinerator plumes presented higher proportions of ethane, propane, ethyne, benzene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and benzaldehyde, while nonanal and decanal originated mainly from landfills. Another species of interest is trimethylsilanol (TMSiOH), which has been observed in particularly high concentrations in both incinerator plumes and landfill emissions. TMSiOH levels from these sources were significantly higher than those detected in urban, rural, roadside, and background atmospheric environments, highlighting its potential as a characteristic marker of incinerator plumes and landfill emissions to identify pollution sources. Overall, this study demonstrates that unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based sounding enables real-time detection of aerial plumes and characterization of incinerator plumes and landfill emissions. In addition, we proposed TMSiOH as a potential marker for incinerator plume and landfill emissions, which may provide important assistance in identifying pollution sources.

焚烧是一种废物处理方法，涉及燃烧废物的有机成分。虽然这一过程大大减少了送往垃圾填埋场的废物量，但它也造成环境污染，并对公众健康构成潜在风险。虽然对某些燃烧过程排放的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）进行了研究，但很少对焚化炉烟囱中以空气羽流形式释放的VOCs进行评估。这种知识差距主要是由于缺乏准确探测和捕获烟囱羽流的适当观测技术。在这项研究中，我们采用新颖的无人机观测和采样技术来研究垃圾焚烧烟囱排放的特征挥发性有机化合物。此外，我们分析了垃圾填埋场的挥发性有机化合物排放量，以提供比较评估。研究结果表明，焚化炉烟气中乙烷、丙烷、乙炔、苯、丙酮、甲基乙基酮和苯甲醛的含量较高，而壬醛和癸醛主要来自垃圾填埋场。另一种令人感兴趣的物质是三甲基硅醇（TMSiOH），在焚化炉烟尘和垃圾填埋场排放物中都观察到其浓度特别高。这些来源的TMSiOH水平明显高于城市、农村、路边和背景大气环境中检测到的TMSiOH水平，突出了其作为焚化炉烟雾和垃圾填埋场排放的特征标记物识别污染源的潜力。总体而言，本研究表明，基于无人机（UAV）的探测能够实时探测空中羽流，并表征焚化炉羽流和垃圾填埋场排放。此外，我们建议TMSiOH作为焚烧炉羽流和垃圾填埋场排放的潜在标记物，这可能为识别污染源提供重要帮助。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of PM source profiles identified by different techniques and the potential of utilizing single-particle analysis data in source apportionment 不同技术鉴定的PM源剖面的比较以及在源分配中利用单粒子分析数据的潜力

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100363

M. Manousakas , J. Rausch , D. Jaramillo-Vogel , K.S. Schneider-Beltran , A. Alastuey , J-L. Jaffrezo , G. Uzu , S. Perseguers , N. Schnidrig , A.S.H. Prevot , K.R. Daellenbach

This study examines the consistency between the chemical composition of source profiles retrieved by positive matrix factorization (PMF), which is based on bulk chemical analysis, and the composition of a large data set of individual particles from real-world environmental samples. Since PMF derives source profiles from the average chemical composition of many particles, it is crucial to assess how well these profiles reflect the actual composition of particles originating from individual sources. To address this, we compare PMF-based source apportionment of coarse particulate matter (PM_coarse) with Automated Single-Particle Analysis (ASPA) using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and a machine-learning based particle classification. Both methods identified at least four major PM_coarse sources—mineral dust, non-exhaust vehicle emissions, biological particles, and road salt—across urban and rural environments in Switzerland. The elemental composition of these sources determined by PMF was compared with ASPA-derived compositions of analogous particle types. The results indicate that while PMF effectively captures key source characteristics, single-particle analysis provides a more detailed representation of source-specific chemical compositions alongside morpho-textural features. ASPA also facilitated the identification and quantification of elements not detected in bulk analysis, such as oxygen and silica, improving overall PM characterization. A sensitivity test using a single-location subset demonstrated that incorporating ASPA-derived profiles into PMF enhances source differentiation, particularly for small data sets. These findings demonstrate the utility of single-particle analysis as an independent approach for constraining and validating the chemical composition of source profiles, thereby providing a means to enhance and validate source apportionment outcomes derived from bulk analysis methods such as PMF.

本研究考察了基于大量化学分析的正矩阵分解（PMF）提取的源剖面化学成分与来自真实环境样本的单个颗粒的大型数据集的组成之间的一致性。由于PMF从许多颗粒的平均化学成分中得出源剖面，因此评估这些剖面在多大程度上反映来自单个来源的颗粒的实际组成至关重要。为了解决这个问题，我们比较了基于pmf的粗颗粒物质（pm粗）源分配与使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结合能量色散x射线光谱（EDX）和基于机器学习的颗粒分类的自动单颗粒分析（ASPA）。两种方法都确定了瑞士城市和农村环境中至少四种主要的PMcoarse来源-矿物粉尘，非排气车辆排放，生物颗粒和道路盐。PMF测定的这些源的元素组成与aspa衍生的类似颗粒类型的组成进行了比较。结果表明，虽然PMF有效地捕获了关键的源特征，但单颗粒分析可以更详细地表示源特定的化学成分以及形态结构特征。ASPA还有助于鉴定和定量在整体分析中未检测到的元素，如氧和二氧化硅，提高整体PM表征。使用单一位置子集的灵敏度测试表明，将aspa衍生的剖面合并到PMF中可以增强源区分，特别是对于小数据集。这些发现证明了单颗粒分析作为约束和验证源剖面化学成分的独立方法的实用性，从而提供了一种增强和验证来自PMF等整体分析方法的源分配结果的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Verification of fossil CO2 emissions from Swiss cement factories using direct and indirect 14CO2 measurements 使用直接和间接的二氧化碳测量方法验证瑞士水泥厂的化石二氧化碳排放量

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100349

Dylan Geissbühler , Thomas Laemmel , Mathieu Antoni , Philip Gautschi , Lukas Wacker , Sönke Szidat

Cement production currently emits approximately 8 % of global CO₂. However, the fossil content of these emissions can vary significantly due to methods used to reduce fossil emissions, such as the increased use of alternative fuels. Here, we investigated three CO₂ sampling methods used to analyse ¹⁴CO₂ and estimate the fossil fraction (in terms of F¹⁴C) of emissions from three Swiss cement factories. First, direct stack exhaust gas sampling was conducted at a main study site over 6 months and ¹⁴CO₂ measurements were compared with ¹⁴C values from producer fuel use data. A positive offset in F¹⁴C was observed with theoretical values compared to the measurements. This could be reduced by adjusting the assumed ¹⁴C content of some fuels, particularly shredded wood waste. Second, repeated downwind CO₂ emission plume sampling campaigns were carried out at all sites, allowing for a remote estimation and comparison of their F¹⁴C signatures. These measurements yielded realistic average values but also demonstrated sensitivity to local wind conditions, i.e. wind speed and direction. Lastly, we analysed the bulk ¹⁴C content of tree leaves collected around each site to assess their long-term atmospheric fossil CO₂ exposure. Although the observed ¹⁴C depletion and fossil fraction were generally small (close to uncertainty ranges), trees near the factories consistently showed lower F¹⁴C values than background trees. Direct stack exhaust gas sampling proved to be the most reliable approach for quantifying fossil CO₂ emissions from cement production. Crucially, adjustments made to fuel ¹⁴C contents to match measurements suggested an underestimation of fossil CO₂ emissions from the producer at our main site by more than 2 %.

水泥生产目前排放的二氧化碳约占全球的8%。然而，由于采用了减少化石排放的方法，例如增加替代燃料的使用，这些排放的化石含量可能会有很大差异。在这里，我们研究了三种二氧化碳采样方法，用于分析14CO2并估计三家瑞士水泥厂排放的化石组分（按F14C计算）。首先，在一个主要研究地点进行了为期6个月的直接烟囱废气采样，并将14CO2测量值与生产商燃料使用数据中的14C值进行了比较。与测量值相比，F14C的理论值为正偏移。这可以通过调整一些燃料，特别是碎木材废料中假定的14C含量来减少。其次，在所有站点重复进行顺风CO2排放羽流采样活动，允许远程估计和比较其F14C特征。这些测量得到了真实的平均值，但也显示了对当地风况的敏感性，即风速和风向。最后，我们分析了每个地点周围收集的树叶的总体14C含量，以评估它们长期暴露于大气中的化石二氧化碳。虽然观测到的14C损耗和化石组分通常很小（接近不确定范围），但工厂附近的树木始终显示出比背景树木更低的F14C值。事实证明，直接烟囱废气取样是量化水泥生产过程中化石二氧化碳排放量的最可靠方法。至关重要的是，对燃料14C含量进行的调整与测量结果相匹配，表明在我们的主要地点，生产商的化石二氧化碳排放量低估了2%以上。

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引用次数: 0

Approach to culturable bioaerosols and their environmental drivers at a border site in the northwestern Amazon 亚马逊西北部边境地区可培养生物气溶胶及其环境驱动因素的研究

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100362

Lizeth Russy-Velandia , Omar Ramírez , Jaime Barrera , Sebastián Mendoza-Téllez , Harry Álvarez , María Camila Patiño , Luis A. Ladino

This study represents the first characterization of culturable bioaerosols, including fungi and bacteria, in the northwestern Amazon region. Sampling was conducted in Guaviare, Colombia, during the seasonal transition from the dry to the wet period in March 2024. The bioaerosol collection device (MAS-100 Eco impactor) was positioned 7 m above ground level to minimize the influence of soil particle resuspension and ensure a reliable assessment of bioaerosols. Results showed that fungal concentrations (642 CFU/m³) were significantly higher than bacterial concentrations (228 CFU/m³). Humidity significantly influenced the morning peak levels of these microbes (p < 0.05). Fungal communities were predominantly composed of Schizophyllum commune and Penicillium herquei, while bacterial communities were predominantly composed of Arthrobacter sp., Exiguobacterium sp., and Stenotrophomonas pavani. The microbial community composition varied temporally throughout the day, with Firmicutes (56.4 %) and Ascomycota (53.7 %) predominating. Notably, human-associated species such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus were present. Air mass trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT model indicated that 49.5 % of sampled air originated from the northeastern plains of Colombia and Venezuela, while 36.2 % came from the southeastern Brazilian Amazon. These findings suggest that airborne microbial communities in the northwestern Amazon are shaped by regional air masses and local environmental conditions, reflecting both natural and anthropogenic influences. This study establishes a baseline for employing bioaerosols as bioindicators of ecological fragmentation and highlights the need to expand biomonitoring networks to track microbial diversity spatially and temporally in this vital biome.

这项研究首次表征了亚马逊西北地区可培养的生物气溶胶，包括真菌和细菌。在2024年3月从干湿季节过渡期间，在哥伦比亚的Guaviare进行了采样。生物气溶胶收集装置（MAS-100生态影响器）放置在离地面7米的地方，以尽量减少土壤颗粒再悬浮的影响，并确保对生物气溶胶的可靠评估。结果表明，真菌浓度（642 CFU/m3）显著高于细菌浓度（228 CFU/m3）。湿度对这些微生物的早晨峰值水平有显著影响（p < 0.05）。真菌群落以裂叶菌和赫quei青霉为主，细菌群落以节杆菌、出口杆菌和帕瓦尼窄养单胞菌为主。微生物群落组成在一天中有时间变化，以厚壁菌门（56.4%）和子囊菌门（53.7%）为主。值得注意的是，存在与人类相关的物种，如腐生葡萄球菌。利用HYSPLIT模型进行的气团轨迹分析表明，49.5%的空气样本来自哥伦比亚和委内瑞拉的东北部平原，36.2%来自巴西亚马逊的东南部。这些发现表明，亚马逊西北部的空气微生物群落受区域气团和当地环境条件的影响，反映了自然和人为的影响。本研究为利用生物气溶胶作为生态破碎化的生物指标建立了基线，并强调了扩大生物监测网络以在空间和时间上跟踪这一重要生物群系中的微生物多样性的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of modelled and experimental PM10 source contributions for mapping source-specific oxidative potential 模拟和实验PM10源对绘制源特异性氧化电位的贡献比较

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100339

Floris Pekel , Gaelle Uzu , Samuel Weber , Richard Kranenburg , Janot Tokaya , Martijn Schaap , Pamela Dominutti , Olivier Favez , Jean-Luc Jaffrezo , Renske Timmermans

To effectively reduce the health burden of particulate matter (PM) pollution requires indicators more directly linked to adverse health effects than total PM mass alone. Oxidative potential (OP)—the ability of PM to induce oxidative stress based on its chemical composition—is gaining recognition as a health-relevant metric. Integrating source-specific OP values from field measurements into Chemical Transport Models (CTMs) enables the mapping of source-specific OP with broad spatiotemporal coverage. A critical step is ensuring alignment between CTM-derived and observation-based source contributions.

This study evaluates and optimises the consistency between the LOTOS-EUROS CTM and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source profiles, using PM10 data from 15 French sites (2013–2016). While total PM10 shows reasonable correlation with observations (r² = 0.35–0.66), source-specific comparisons vary across source-types and locations. Promising results are obtained for residential biomass burning (r² = 0.34–0.75), secondary inorganic aerosols (r² = 0.30–0.71), and sea salt (r² = 0.18–0.71), whereas road traffic shows weaker alignment (r² = 0.01–0.40). Using the optimized source matching, OP maps are generated over France, showing stronger contributions from anthropogenic sources to OP than to PM10 mass. The study highlights key challenges in matching CTM and PMF sources for OP modelling, due to secondary aerosol formation, source mixing within PMF profiles, and spatiotemporal representation differences.

Refining emission data, incorporating secondary organic aerosol and aging processes in CTMs, and expanding source-specific OP measurements, particularly for uncharacterized sources like agriculture are identified as essential next steps. Despite current limitations, this approach offers a promising framework for advancing health-oriented air quality management.

要有效减轻颗粒物污染造成的健康负担，就需要比单独的颗粒物总质量更直接地与有害健康影响挂钩的指标。氧化电位(OP) - PM根据其化学成分诱导氧化应激的能力-正在被公认为与健康相关的指标。将现场测量的特定源OP值集成到化学传输模型（CTMs）中，可以绘制具有广泛时空覆盖范围的特定源OP。关键的一步是确保ctm推导和基于观测的源贡献之间的一致性。本研究利用法国15个站点（2013-2016）的PM10数据，评估并优化了lotos - euro CTM和正矩阵分解（PMF）源剖面之间的一致性。虽然PM10总量与观测值有一定的相关性（r2 = 0.35-0.66），但不同源类型和位置的源特异性比较有所不同。住宅生物质燃烧（r2 = 0.34-0.75）、二次无机气溶胶（r2 = 0.30-0.71）和海盐（r2 = 0.18-0.71）的结果令人满意，而道路交通表现出较弱的一致性（r2 = 0.01-0.40）。利用优化的源匹配，生成了法国上空的OP地图，显示人为源对OP的贡献大于PM10质量。该研究强调了在匹配CTM和PMF源进行OP建模的关键挑战，因为次要气溶胶形成、PMF剖面中的源混合以及时空表征差异。完善排放数据，在CTMs中纳入二次有机气溶胶和老化过程，并扩大特定来源的OP测量，特别是对农业等未表征来源的测量，被认为是必不可少的下一步。尽管目前存在局限性，但这种方法为推进以健康为导向的空气质量管理提供了一个有希望的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in indoor PM2.5: Source identification and health risk assessment in Dhaka, Bangladesh 室内PM2.5中重金属的综合分析：孟加拉国达卡的来源识别和健康风险评估

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100346

Snigdha Aziz , Shahid Uz Zaman , Shatabdi Roy , Farah Jeba , Md Safiqul Islam , Mohammad Moniruzzaman , Abdus Salam

Indoor air pollution and its associated health risks have become a critical concern in developing countries. This study analyzed particulate matter (PM_2.5) collected from six indoor locations in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for measuring the concentration of thirteen heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Be, V, Ni, Hg, As, Co, Se, Mn, and Cu). Among these, Mn, Cd, Hg, and Pb exceeded United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guideline values, with Hg surpassing USEPA thresholds by over 50 times, Cd by more than 6-fold, and Pb by over fourfold, indicating substantial anthropogenic influence. Zn and Pb were identified as the primary contributors to indoor PM_2.5, with high enrichment of Zn, Pb, Hg, Se, and Cd indicating strong anthropogenic influence. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two major components, explaining 71.26 % of the total variance. Acidity-alkalinity analysis revealed that PM_2.5 in Dhaka was predominantly acidic, with greater concentrations of NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ further supporting the role of anthropogenic activities. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed hazard index (HI) values exceeding 10 at three locations, with Ni, Mn, and Cd posing the greatest risks for both children and adults. For carcinogenic risks, Total Cancer Risk (TCR) values at all sites exceeded acceptable thresholds. Cr, Cd, and As were the dominant contributors to TCR, and adults consistently exhibited higher risks than children due to lifetime exposure. This study provides novel, policy-relevant evidence on indoor air quality challenges in Dhaka, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate heavy metal exposure and safeguard public health in dense urban environments.

室内空气污染及其相关的健康风险已成为发展中国家严重关切的问题。这项研究分析了从孟加拉国达卡的六个室内地点收集的颗粒物（PM2.5）。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定了13种重金属（Pb、Cd、Cr、Zn、Be、V、Ni、Hg、As、Co、Se、Mn、Cu）的浓度。其中，Mn、Cd、Hg和Pb超过美国环境保护署（USEPA）的指导值，其中Hg超过USEPA阈值50倍以上，Cd超过6倍以上，Pb超过4倍，表明存在较大的人为影响。Zn和Pb是室内PM2.5的主要贡献者，其中Zn、Pb、Hg、Se和Cd富集程度较高，表明人为影响较大。主成分分析（PCA）揭示了两个主要成分，解释了总方差的71.26%。酸碱度分析显示，达卡的PM2.5以酸性为主，NO3 -和SO42 -浓度较高，进一步支持了人为活动的作用。非致癌风险评估显示，三个地点的危害指数（HI）值超过10，其中Ni、Mn和Cd对儿童和成人都构成最大风险。对于致癌风险，所有地点的总癌症风险（TCR）值都超过了可接受的阈值。铬、镉和砷是TCR的主要贡献者，由于终生接触，成人的风险始终高于儿童。这项研究为达卡的室内空气质量挑战提供了新的、与政策相关的证据，强调了在密集的城市环境中采取有针对性的干预措施以减轻重金属暴露和保障公众健康的迫切需要。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling sesquiterpene emissions in dominant trees of a Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnant 揭示巴西大西洋森林残余的优势树木的倍半萜排放

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100358

Bruno Ruiz Brandão da Costa , Fernanda Anselmo-Moreira , Alex Nascimento , Giselle da Silva Pedrosa , Eduardo Luís Martins Catharino , Agnès Borbon , Adalgiza Fornaro , Cláudia Maria Furlan , Silvia Ribeiro de Souza

Despite the significance of the Atlantic Forest, little is known about the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from its tree species. This study aimed to characterize sesquiterpene (SQT) emissions from ten dominant species in a forest remnant near São Paulo, Brazil, using a dynamic enclosure system and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 24 SQTs were annotated, including seven oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OSQTs). Emissions ranged from undetectable in Luehea divaricata to 277.54 ng gDM⁻¹ h⁻¹ in Alchornea sidifolia. Hierarchical clustering grouped species into four clusters based on emission intensity and chemical diversity: (1) high emission with low chemical diversity (A. sidifolia), (2) moderate-to-high emission with high diversity (Machaerium brasiliense and Allophylus edulis), (3) moderate emission with low (Guarea macrophylla) to moderate diversity (Machaerium nyctitans, Lithraea molleoides, and Casearia sylvestris), and (4) low emissions and low (Pittosporum undulatum) to moderate diversity (Nectandra barbellata), or undetectable emissions (Luehea divaricata). Most species predominantly emitted α-copaene, β-caryophyllene, or α-cubebene, each linked to defensive/ecological functions like herbivore deterrence and antimicrobial activity. Species with high β-caryophyllene emissions (A. edulis, L. molleoides) or OSQT diversity (A. sidifolia, M. brasiliense, M. nyctitans) emerged as promising candidates for bioprospecting. Conversely, from a SQT-emission perspective, low-emitting species (N. barbellata, P. undulatum, and L. divaricata) represent suitable potential candidates for urban greening due to their limited contribution to secondary pollutant formation. These findings provide a foundation for future BVOC research in the Atlantic Forest and support the strategic selection and application of species based on their SQT emission profiles.

尽管大西洋森林具有重要意义，但人们对其树种的生物源性挥发性有机化合物（BVOC）排放知之甚少。本研究旨在利用动态封闭系统和气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对巴西圣保罗附近森林遗迹中10种优势种的倍半萜（SQT）排放进行表征。共注释了24个sqt，包括7个氧合倍半萜（osqt）。排放范围从Luehea divaricata中检测不到到Alchornea sidifolia中的277.54 ng gDM−1 h−1。分层聚类根据排放强度和化学多样性将物种分为4类：(1)低化学多样性的高排放（A. sidifolia），(2)高多样性的中高排放（brasiliense和Allophylus edulis），(3)低多样性（Guarea macrophylla）至中等多样性（Machaerium nyctitans， Lithraea molleoides和Casearia sylvestris）的中排放，以及(4)低排放低（Pittosporum波动）至中等多样性（Nectandra barbellata）或无法检测到的排放（Luehea divaricata）。大多数物种主要释放α-copaene、β-石竹烯或α-立方烯，它们都具有防御/生态功能，如食草动物威慑和抗菌活性。具有高β-石竹烯排放量的物种（A. edulis， L. molleoides）或OSQT多样性的物种（A. sidifolia， M. brasiliense， M. nyctitans）成为生物勘探的有希望的候选物种。相反，从sqt排放的角度来看，低排放物种（N. barbellata， P. undulatum和L. divaricata）由于对二次污染物形成的贡献有限，因此代表了城市绿化的合适潜在候选者。这些发现为今后大西洋森林BVOC的研究奠定了基础，并为基于其SQT排放特征的物种战略选择和应用提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Secondary organic aerosol from biomass burning intermediates induced significant oxidative stress in human lung epithelial cells 生物质燃烧中间体产生的二次有机气溶胶诱导人肺上皮细胞显著氧化应激

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100356

Jialiang Feng , Wei Zhang , Fang Zhou , Long Jia , Xiaoying Li , Zechen Yu , Xiaohui Zhu , Xi Zhang , Tianchen Qin , Jinyitao Wang , Shunyao Wang

Phenol and methoxyphenols are key semi-volatile compounds released from biomass burning with great potential in forming secondary organic aerosol (SOA), threatening global climate and public health. However, the underlying toxicity mechanisms of SOA from biomass burning (BBSOA) remain poorly understood. A detailed examination of the chemical composition and in vitro exposure were performed to comprehensively understand the oxidative stress effects of BBSOA on human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Oxidative damage and inflammatory responses of the cells following exposure to SOA from phenol (PSOA), guaiacol (GSOA), and syringol (SSOA) were evaluated. Exposure to BBSOA resulted in a noticeable reduction in cell viability, marked by a significantly increased apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Flow cytometry and confocal image analysis revealed significant increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), indicating mitochondrial stress in vitro. The oxidative stress effect from PSOA was observed to be the most significant among all the three types of BBSOA. Using PSOA as a model system, RT-qPCR and RNA-sequencing confirmed that BBSOA induces the upregulation of typical oxidative stress genes, such as NQO1, HMOX1, and ALDH1A3, resulting in cell death. From acellular oxidative potential to cellular transcriptomic level, this work provided direct evidence on the oxidative stress effects from BBSOA, highlighting the health impacts of secondary biomass burning aerosol during regional transportation.

苯酚和甲氧基酚是生物质燃烧释放的重要半挥发性化合物，具有形成二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的巨大潜力，威胁着全球气候和公众健康。然而，生物质燃烧（BBSOA）的潜在毒性机制仍然知之甚少。为了全面了解BBSOA对人支气管上皮细胞（BEAS-2B）氧化应激的影响，我们对BBSOA的化学成分和体外暴露进行了详细的研究。我们评估了暴露于酚（PSOA）、愈创木酚（GSOA）和丁香酚（SSOA）中SOA后细胞的氧化损伤和炎症反应。暴露于BBSOA导致细胞活力明显降低，其标志是BEAS-2B细胞的凋亡显著增加。流式细胞术和共聚焦图像分析显示活性氧（ROS）显著增加，表明线粒体在体外应激。三种类型的BBSOA中，PSOA的氧化应激效应最为显著。以PSOA为模型系统，RT-qPCR和rna测序证实，BBSOA诱导NQO1、HMOX1、ALDH1A3等典型氧化应激基因上调，导致细胞死亡。从胞外氧化电位到细胞转录组水平，本研究为BBSOA的氧化应激效应提供了直接证据，突出了生物质二次燃烧气溶胶在区域运输过程中的健康影响。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of on-road CO2 emissions with high spatio-temporal resolution implementing multilayer perceptron 基于多层感知器的高时空分辨率道路CO2排放预测

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100368

Hao Yang , Kuang Xiao , Xing Xiang , Xing Wang , Xi Wang , Yunsong Du , Guangming Shi , Xin Zheng , Hongli Tao , Huanbo Wang , Fumo Yang

On-road carbon emissions represent a significant portion of transportation emissions in China and are a critical focus for future carbon reduction efforts. High spatio-temporal resolution emission inventories are vital for facilitating dynamic carbon reduction in cities. This study employs the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model to simulate variations in road traffic volume at the segment level and predict on-road CO₂ emissions with high spatio-temporal resolution. The results demonstrate that this method can effectively reproduce the spatio-temporal distribution of on-road traffic, with R² exceeding 0.6 for most road types and overall RMSE of 88 vehicles/h, respectively. Applied in Chengdu's Jinniu District, southwestern China, results show CO₂ emissions peak during morning (7–9 a.m.) and evening (16–18 p.m.) commutes, concentrated on main roads. Morning peaks are lower but grow faster than evening peaks. CO₂ emissions significantly increase on holidays and weekends with moderate temperatures and no or light rain. These insights support urban dynamic carbon reduction planning.

道路碳排放占中国交通排放的很大一部分，是未来碳减排工作的重点。高时空分辨率排放清单对于促进城市动态碳减排至关重要。本研究采用多层感知器（Multilayer Perceptron， MLP）模型在路段水平上模拟道路交通量的变化，并以高时空分辨率预测道路上的二氧化碳排放。结果表明，该方法能有效再现道路交通时空分布，大部分道路类型R2均超过0.6，总体RMSE为88辆/h。在中国西南部成都市金牛区应用的结果显示，二氧化碳排放量在早上7点到9点和晚上16点到18点的通勤时间达到峰值，主要集中在主要道路上。早晨的峰值较低，但增长速度快于晚上的峰值。在气温适中、无雨或小雨的假期和周末，二氧化碳排放量显著增加。这些见解支持城市动态碳减排规划。

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引用次数: 0

Estimation of heterogeneous vehicle carbon dioxide emission trajectories using integrated vehicle, road, travel, and environmental data 利用综合车辆、道路、旅行和环境数据估算异质车辆二氧化碳排放轨迹

IF 3.4 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Atmospheric Environment: X

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100359

Hui Ding , Hui Gao , Yonghong Liu

Individual vehicle travel carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission (CE) trajectories were crucial for targeting high-emitters for precise control and guiding low-carbon travel. Variations in CE arise from vehicle performance, traffic conditions, and trip purposes. Using real Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) data and integrating multi-source vehicle, road, trip, and environmental data, this study proposed an "Identification-Calculation-Evaluation" framework to quantify and analyze city-scale full-individual vehicle CE trajectories. A case in Xuancheng, China, was conducted and revealed spatiotemporal CE heterogeneity. The results showed that approximately 50 % of CE was contributed by the top 5 % of high-emission vehicles, exhibiting a significant “Pareto Principle”. Among the top 5 % of high-emission vehicles, LPC-gasoline (57 % of vehicles, 40 % of CE), HDT-diesel (32 %, 42 %), and Taxi-gasoline (5 %, 12 %) were the main contributors. Their daily CE trajectory ranges were [0, 6] kg, [0, 15] kg, and [0, 8] kg, respectively. Taxi-gasoline and HDT-diesel exhibit more individual variation. Peak-time CE trajectories on these Top 5 % vehicles were 2–6 times higher than off-peak. For LPC-gasoline and Taxi-gasoline, over 60 % of CE occurred during congestion links. Peak times of CE trajectories occurred around 7:00 and 17:00 on a day, with spatial hotspots predominantly concentrated in urban core areas. Notably, Taxi-gasoline vehicles exhibited more clustered hotspots. HDT-diesel CE trajectories peaked earlier (6:00–7:00), with hotspots distributed along major urban corridors, and CE was 1–3 times higher than in ordinary areas. This study provided precise support for low-carbon traffic governance, and the framework could be extended to other cities to inform carbon reduction strategies.

个人车辆出行二氧化碳（CO2）排放轨迹对于精确控制高排放和指导低碳出行至关重要。车辆性能、交通状况和出行目的会导致交通负荷的变化。本研究利用真实车辆自动识别（AVI）数据，整合多源车辆、道路、出行和环境数据，提出了“识别-计算-评估”框架，对城市尺度下整车CE轨迹进行量化分析。以中国宣城为例，揭示了CE的时空异质性。结果表明，大约50%的CE是由前5%的高排放车辆贡献的，这体现了重要的“帕累托原则”。在前5%的高排放车辆中，lpc -汽油（57%的车辆，40%的CE）， hdt -柴油（32%,42%）和出租车-汽油（5%,12%）是主要贡献者。每日CE轨迹范围分别为[0,6]kg、[0,15]kg和[0,8]kg。出租车汽油和hdt柴油表现出更多的个体差异。排名前5%的车辆在高峰时段的碳排放轨迹是非高峰时段的2-6倍。对于低油耗汽油和出租车汽油，超过60%的碳排放发生在拥堵路段。空间热点主要集中在城市核心区；值得注意的是，出租车汽油车出现了更多的聚集热点。高密度柴油碳排放轨迹峰值较早（6:00-7:00），热点分布在主要城市走廊沿线，碳排放比普通地区高1-3倍。该研究为低碳交通治理提供了精确的支持，并可推广到其他城市，为碳减排战略提供参考。

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引用次数: 0