Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917898
Abdulrahman Babagana, T. Zaman, Yljon Seferi, M. Syed, G. Burt
Whenever the total power that can be provided by the distributed energy resources (DERs) is less than the total power demand of the loads, the DC bus voltages start to fall which could lead to power collapse. This paper investigates and compares the performances of the existing non-communication based (decentralized) load shedding schemes in a direct current (DC) microgrid to protect the integrity of the microgrid under a large disturbance. The simulation is carried out in a Matlab environment with various forms of load and distributed energy resources on an IEEE 37 AC Node converted to DC. The findings show that the conventional load shedding scheme could expose critical loads to substantial and lengthy voltage sags. Voltage sags and over-shedding of load could be resolved using combined load shedding scheme. The adaptive schemes minimise the duration and magnitude of voltage drop by utilizing the rate of change of voltage (ROCOV) to achieve a more reliable assessment of the microgrid operating conditions and determine the appropriate load shedding voltage thresholds and time delays. All the schemes could not achieve an optimal load shedding, this work therefore leads to the need for more advanced load shedding schemes that can shed load optimally for future DC microgrids.
{"title":"Comparison of Non-Communication based DC Load Shedding Schemes","authors":"Abdulrahman Babagana, T. Zaman, Yljon Seferi, M. Syed, G. Burt","doi":"10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917898","url":null,"abstract":"Whenever the total power that can be provided by the distributed energy resources (DERs) is less than the total power demand of the loads, the DC bus voltages start to fall which could lead to power collapse. This paper investigates and compares the performances of the existing non-communication based (decentralized) load shedding schemes in a direct current (DC) microgrid to protect the integrity of the microgrid under a large disturbance. The simulation is carried out in a Matlab environment with various forms of load and distributed energy resources on an IEEE 37 AC Node converted to DC. The findings show that the conventional load shedding scheme could expose critical loads to substantial and lengthy voltage sags. Voltage sags and over-shedding of load could be resolved using combined load shedding scheme. The adaptive schemes minimise the duration and magnitude of voltage drop by utilizing the rate of change of voltage (ROCOV) to achieve a more reliable assessment of the microgrid operating conditions and determine the appropriate load shedding voltage thresholds and time delays. All the schemes could not achieve an optimal load shedding, this work therefore leads to the need for more advanced load shedding schemes that can shed load optimally for future DC microgrids.","PeriodicalId":371561,"journal":{"name":"2022 57th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"41 26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117174152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917686
O. Ilesanmi, M. Farrag, A. Arshad, Azmy I. Gowaid
The need for reduction of burning fossil fuels and CO2 emission has led to a change in how electrical power is being generated, transmitted and distributed. This has brought about the introduction of distributed generation units (DGs) mainly renewable energy resources as sources of power generation within the distribution network. With the growing use of distributed generations and energy storage devices across the distribution network, the architecture of the traditional grid faces challenges that threaten its safe and reliable operation. In this paper, the integration of PV and battery storage system is studied. Base models for a PV system and battery storage system were developed. The models were designed to ensure the generation of active and reactive power from the models and a multiagent control which includes a PV management system, battery management system and grid management system was developed to control the interaction between multiple DGs in the distribution network for efficient and reliable operation. Results from this study conducted via simulation show that battery storage systems are playing a big role in power management in the distribution network as they can absorb and produce both active and reactive power.
{"title":"Multiagent Control of DGs in Distribution Network for Active and Reactive Power Management","authors":"O. Ilesanmi, M. Farrag, A. Arshad, Azmy I. Gowaid","doi":"10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917686","url":null,"abstract":"The need for reduction of burning fossil fuels and CO2 emission has led to a change in how electrical power is being generated, transmitted and distributed. This has brought about the introduction of distributed generation units (DGs) mainly renewable energy resources as sources of power generation within the distribution network. With the growing use of distributed generations and energy storage devices across the distribution network, the architecture of the traditional grid faces challenges that threaten its safe and reliable operation. In this paper, the integration of PV and battery storage system is studied. Base models for a PV system and battery storage system were developed. The models were designed to ensure the generation of active and reactive power from the models and a multiagent control which includes a PV management system, battery management system and grid management system was developed to control the interaction between multiple DGs in the distribution network for efficient and reliable operation. Results from this study conducted via simulation show that battery storage systems are playing a big role in power management in the distribution network as they can absorb and produce both active and reactive power.","PeriodicalId":371561,"journal":{"name":"2022 57th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123151990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917649
Antoine Saulin, R. Bolam, Jhon Paul C. Roque, Y. Vagapov
This paper investigates the slotless winding characteristics of motors intended for aircraft electrical propulsion (AEP), together with a preliminary design study of a winding model derived from a Faulhaber configuration. Geometrical relationships and magnetic requirements driving the design, such as the width of each phase coil side, the skew angle, and the winding arrangement, are analysed. Finally, electromagnetic (EM) simulations were conducted to study the electromagnetic performance of the Faulhaber model and the influence of the stator conductor skewness. Upon analysis of the results, it is found that the skew angle should remain low to assure efficiency, while it should also be great enough to satisfy the geometric and magnetic requirements. In conclusion, the paper proposes a hybrid slotless winding configuration based on the Faulhaber structure, which is a trade-off between efficiency and end-winding length for a motor powering a rim driven fan.
{"title":"The Application of Slotless Skewed Windings to a Rim Driven Fan for Aircraft Electrical Propulsion (AEP)","authors":"Antoine Saulin, R. Bolam, Jhon Paul C. Roque, Y. Vagapov","doi":"10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917649","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the slotless winding characteristics of motors intended for aircraft electrical propulsion (AEP), together with a preliminary design study of a winding model derived from a Faulhaber configuration. Geometrical relationships and magnetic requirements driving the design, such as the width of each phase coil side, the skew angle, and the winding arrangement, are analysed. Finally, electromagnetic (EM) simulations were conducted to study the electromagnetic performance of the Faulhaber model and the influence of the stator conductor skewness. Upon analysis of the results, it is found that the skew angle should remain low to assure efficiency, while it should also be great enough to satisfy the geometric and magnetic requirements. In conclusion, the paper proposes a hybrid slotless winding configuration based on the Faulhaber structure, which is a trade-off between efficiency and end-winding length for a motor powering a rim driven fan.","PeriodicalId":371561,"journal":{"name":"2022 57th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115644353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917957
Athanasios Ioannis Arvanitidis, Dimitrios Kontogiannis, Georgios Vontzos, Vasileios Laitsos, D. Bargiotas
The continuous fluctuation of wind speed, wind direction and other climatic variables affects the power produced by wind turbines. Accurate short-term wind power prediction models are vital for the power industry to evaluate future energy extraction, increase wind energy penetration and develop cost-effective operations. This research examines short-term wind power forecasting and investigates the effect of sharp, smooth and slow temperature reduction functions on the Simulated Annealing (SA) optimization technique for several prominent prediction models. The regressors under investigation include a Support Vector Machine, a Multi-Layer Perceptron and a Long-Short Term Memory neural network. Their optimization is based on the SA, which is used to specify the hyperparameters of each model in order to enhance the prediction accuracy. The results for each model based on the data of the Greek island of Skyros denote the superiority of the slow temperature reduction function in terms of error metrics and observe that the optimized Multi-Layer Perceptron is the most suitable model for this forecasting task when slow temperature reduction is implemented.
{"title":"Stochastic Heuristic Optimization of Machine Learning Estimators for Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting","authors":"Athanasios Ioannis Arvanitidis, Dimitrios Kontogiannis, Georgios Vontzos, Vasileios Laitsos, D. Bargiotas","doi":"10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917957","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous fluctuation of wind speed, wind direction and other climatic variables affects the power produced by wind turbines. Accurate short-term wind power prediction models are vital for the power industry to evaluate future energy extraction, increase wind energy penetration and develop cost-effective operations. This research examines short-term wind power forecasting and investigates the effect of sharp, smooth and slow temperature reduction functions on the Simulated Annealing (SA) optimization technique for several prominent prediction models. The regressors under investigation include a Support Vector Machine, a Multi-Layer Perceptron and a Long-Short Term Memory neural network. Their optimization is based on the SA, which is used to specify the hyperparameters of each model in order to enhance the prediction accuracy. The results for each model based on the data of the Greek island of Skyros denote the superiority of the slow temperature reduction function in terms of error metrics and observe that the optimized Multi-Layer Perceptron is the most suitable model for this forecasting task when slow temperature reduction is implemented.","PeriodicalId":371561,"journal":{"name":"2022 57th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132072919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917795
Abdullah Shaher, Saad Alqahtani, Ali Garada, L. Cipcigan
The economic and social development of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has led to a significant increase in its electricity consumption. The KSA is highly dependent on non-renewable sources of energy, but the government has recently formulated a new strategy to encourage an increase in the use of renewable energy sources. The purpose of this plan is to diminish the KSA’s reliance on fossil fuels and to reduce the air pollution. Currently, the global cumulative installed capacity of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is expanding at an exponential rate. For residential and commercial installations, the saturation threshold for distributed PV installations is directly proportional to the availability of the physical roof area. This research assessed how rooftop PV generation in residential and commercial buildings can be used to reduce the electricity import from the national grid. This paper presents the methodology that was used to assess the rooftop PV potential in the residential and commercial areas of Abha city, KSA using real data. The results show that the PV production on the rooftop of a commercial building can meet more than 50% of the building’s total electricity consumption. Also, it was found that PV can meet the whole demand of residential buildings and there is surplus energy from the PV generation that could be stored for future use.
{"title":"Technical potential for rooftop solar photovoltaic in Commercial and Residential Areas in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdullah Shaher, Saad Alqahtani, Ali Garada, L. Cipcigan","doi":"10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917795","url":null,"abstract":"The economic and social development of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has led to a significant increase in its electricity consumption. The KSA is highly dependent on non-renewable sources of energy, but the government has recently formulated a new strategy to encourage an increase in the use of renewable energy sources. The purpose of this plan is to diminish the KSA’s reliance on fossil fuels and to reduce the air pollution. Currently, the global cumulative installed capacity of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is expanding at an exponential rate. For residential and commercial installations, the saturation threshold for distributed PV installations is directly proportional to the availability of the physical roof area. This research assessed how rooftop PV generation in residential and commercial buildings can be used to reduce the electricity import from the national grid. This paper presents the methodology that was used to assess the rooftop PV potential in the residential and commercial areas of Abha city, KSA using real data. The results show that the PV production on the rooftop of a commercial building can meet more than 50% of the building’s total electricity consumption. Also, it was found that PV can meet the whole demand of residential buildings and there is surplus energy from the PV generation that could be stored for future use.","PeriodicalId":371561,"journal":{"name":"2022 57th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"734 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131425449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917572
Julian Hanusrichter, Oliver Herms, F. Jenau
In this work, two configurations of polluted silicone insulators were investigated experimentally for the resulting surface currents when loaded with a positive DC voltage up to 30 kV. The two pollution layers, one drop-like, one continuous, turned out to be visibly different concerning their conductivity, as well as their susceptibility to partial discharges (PD) on the surface when exposed to rising humidity. Furthermore, the importance of long-term studies to observe DC currents without polarization or alternating components was confirmed, in agreement with previous research in this field. Despite the different characteristics of the impurity layers, the selection of different impurity layers emerged as a robust assessment of the insulators’ performance, and as a basis for mathematical modeling of further progression of the surface current over time.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of the Surface Current on Polluted HVDC Polymer Insulators","authors":"Julian Hanusrichter, Oliver Herms, F. Jenau","doi":"10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917572","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, two configurations of polluted silicone insulators were investigated experimentally for the resulting surface currents when loaded with a positive DC voltage up to 30 kV. The two pollution layers, one drop-like, one continuous, turned out to be visibly different concerning their conductivity, as well as their susceptibility to partial discharges (PD) on the surface when exposed to rising humidity. Furthermore, the importance of long-term studies to observe DC currents without polarization or alternating components was confirmed, in agreement with previous research in this field. Despite the different characteristics of the impurity layers, the selection of different impurity layers emerged as a robust assessment of the insulators’ performance, and as a basis for mathematical modeling of further progression of the surface current over time.","PeriodicalId":371561,"journal":{"name":"2022 57th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127543830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917818
T. Nguyen-Huu, T. Tran, P. Nguyen, J. Slootweg
This paper proposes the network-aware operational strategies to provide (flexibility) services from Local Energy Community (LEC) by maximizing their profit based on the optimized operation of battery energy storage system (BESS), considering the uncertainty between forecasted and actual load net in LEC. The proposed method takes into account the capacity limitation constrain in the contract between LEC and distribution system operator in order to avoid penalties, and provides insightful data to support LEC in making the decision to join the balancing reserve. Three different case studies, which investigate the hypothetical LEC including 01 BESS (100kW/200kWh) and 55 houses with each installed photovoltaic system, are performed using a mixed-integer linear programming to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that, by considering the registered limitation, the benefit is increased up to 30%, compared to the case without the capacity limitation constrain.
{"title":"Network-aware operational strategies to provide (flexibility) services from Local Energy Community","authors":"T. Nguyen-Huu, T. Tran, P. Nguyen, J. Slootweg","doi":"10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917818","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the network-aware operational strategies to provide (flexibility) services from Local Energy Community (LEC) by maximizing their profit based on the optimized operation of battery energy storage system (BESS), considering the uncertainty between forecasted and actual load net in LEC. The proposed method takes into account the capacity limitation constrain in the contract between LEC and distribution system operator in order to avoid penalties, and provides insightful data to support LEC in making the decision to join the balancing reserve. Three different case studies, which investigate the hypothetical LEC including 01 BESS (100kW/200kWh) and 55 houses with each installed photovoltaic system, are performed using a mixed-integer linear programming to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that, by considering the registered limitation, the benefit is increased up to 30%, compared to the case without the capacity limitation constrain.","PeriodicalId":371561,"journal":{"name":"2022 57th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124173246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917779
Maen Z. Kreishan, A. Zobaa
Dump load (DL) allocation in droop-controlled islanded microgrid (DCIMG) is vital to consume excess generation at off-peak hours and provide voltage and frequency (V-f) support. Furthermore, convergence of load flow (LF) solution is necessary to determine optimal working points of any DCIMG. Proposed in this paper, two LF methods based on the famous backward/forward sweep (BFS): improved special BFS (SBFS-II) and general BFS (GBFS). The former method is based on global voltage variable spread among all distributed generation (DG), while the latter is more general by considering local voltage measurement at each DG. The multi-objective problem of DL allocation in highly penetrated DCIMG to minimize V-f deviations and power losses was investigated using the two LF methods combined with mixed-integer distributed ant colony optimization (MIDACO). The problem was applied to the IEEE-33 bus system, while solutions were subjected to various convergence tests. Results show SBFS-II and GBFS efficacy in calculation time and accuracy of the solution, respectively, for DL allocation problem in DCIMG.
{"title":"Dump Load Allocation in Islanded Microgrid with Robust BackwardForward Sweep and MIDACO","authors":"Maen Z. Kreishan, A. Zobaa","doi":"10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917779","url":null,"abstract":"Dump load (DL) allocation in droop-controlled islanded microgrid (DCIMG) is vital to consume excess generation at off-peak hours and provide voltage and frequency (V-f) support. Furthermore, convergence of load flow (LF) solution is necessary to determine optimal working points of any DCIMG. Proposed in this paper, two LF methods based on the famous backward/forward sweep (BFS): improved special BFS (SBFS-II) and general BFS (GBFS). The former method is based on global voltage variable spread among all distributed generation (DG), while the latter is more general by considering local voltage measurement at each DG. The multi-objective problem of DL allocation in highly penetrated DCIMG to minimize V-f deviations and power losses was investigated using the two LF methods combined with mixed-integer distributed ant colony optimization (MIDACO). The problem was applied to the IEEE-33 bus system, while solutions were subjected to various convergence tests. Results show SBFS-II and GBFS efficacy in calculation time and accuracy of the solution, respectively, for DL allocation problem in DCIMG.","PeriodicalId":371561,"journal":{"name":"2022 57th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121814957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917791
Erbo Wu, Krzysztof Jakubiak, Yaoqiang Wang, Jun Liang
When electric vehicles (EVs) are integrated into the grid for frequency regulation, the energy stored the EVs would be released excessively without a proper schedule. The system cannot appropriately utilize the energy of the generator and EVs. Many studies only focus on frequency stability but ignore the output of EV cluster. Based on this, this paper proposes a control strategy (Fuzzy-PI) that uses fuzzy control to generate a variable coefficient, which is multiplied with the PI control signal as the control signal for the EV cluster. The coefficient can increase or decrease the EV output power depending on the variation of the frequency deviation. In order to contribute an appropriate number of EVs, this paper optimizes the ratio parameter of EVs invested in V2G with the goal of reducing EV cluster output and improving frequency stability. The private cars, buses and taxis are considered for integrating into an EV cluster to participate in the grid auxiliary frequency regulation. A single-area system model for the participation of EV cluster in the micro-grid frequency regulation is established. Finally, by the comparative study of simulation algorithms, the results demonstrate the superiority of EV cluster participation in frequency regulation, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed Fuzzy-PI control and optimization strategy.
{"title":"Optimizing EV cluster contribution for vehicle-to-grid(V2G) frequency regulation","authors":"Erbo Wu, Krzysztof Jakubiak, Yaoqiang Wang, Jun Liang","doi":"10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917791","url":null,"abstract":"When electric vehicles (EVs) are integrated into the grid for frequency regulation, the energy stored the EVs would be released excessively without a proper schedule. The system cannot appropriately utilize the energy of the generator and EVs. Many studies only focus on frequency stability but ignore the output of EV cluster. Based on this, this paper proposes a control strategy (Fuzzy-PI) that uses fuzzy control to generate a variable coefficient, which is multiplied with the PI control signal as the control signal for the EV cluster. The coefficient can increase or decrease the EV output power depending on the variation of the frequency deviation. In order to contribute an appropriate number of EVs, this paper optimizes the ratio parameter of EVs invested in V2G with the goal of reducing EV cluster output and improving frequency stability. The private cars, buses and taxis are considered for integrating into an EV cluster to participate in the grid auxiliary frequency regulation. A single-area system model for the participation of EV cluster in the micro-grid frequency regulation is established. Finally, by the comparative study of simulation algorithms, the results demonstrate the superiority of EV cluster participation in frequency regulation, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed Fuzzy-PI control and optimization strategy.","PeriodicalId":371561,"journal":{"name":"2022 57th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116779951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917929
S. Sommerville, G. Taylor, M. Abbod
Within the UK there has been a significant increase in large scale Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) that provide services such as Fast Frequency Response (FFR) to National Grid ESO, for the GB system. At present, BESS units are installed by developers at substations with spare capacity, and their size and locations are not being centrally planned, and due to network connection costs, most developers are connecting the BESS units to the distribution network rather than to the transmission network. A concern has been identified that during FFR operation, multiple BESS units in an area would all operate nearly simultaneously, leading to large dynamic power swings in the systems creating problems for voltage Quality of Supply (QoS). This paper examines how the simultaneous operation of multiple BESS units in adjacent substations, can create adverse effects on the distribution system voltage that may not be apparent when considering operation of BESS units individually. The paper develops a simple test network which is representative of two substations on the Distribution Network in the UK; then uses DIgSILENT Powerfactory to examine the system voltage profile for BESS operation for several import-export and export-import cases.
{"title":"Voltage Fluctuations of Battery Storage Systems Providing Fast Frequency Response Services in the UK","authors":"S. Sommerville, G. Taylor, M. Abbod","doi":"10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC55022.2022.9917929","url":null,"abstract":"Within the UK there has been a significant increase in large scale Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) that provide services such as Fast Frequency Response (FFR) to National Grid ESO, for the GB system. At present, BESS units are installed by developers at substations with spare capacity, and their size and locations are not being centrally planned, and due to network connection costs, most developers are connecting the BESS units to the distribution network rather than to the transmission network. A concern has been identified that during FFR operation, multiple BESS units in an area would all operate nearly simultaneously, leading to large dynamic power swings in the systems creating problems for voltage Quality of Supply (QoS). This paper examines how the simultaneous operation of multiple BESS units in adjacent substations, can create adverse effects on the distribution system voltage that may not be apparent when considering operation of BESS units individually. The paper develops a simple test network which is representative of two substations on the Distribution Network in the UK; then uses DIgSILENT Powerfactory to examine the system voltage profile for BESS operation for several import-export and export-import cases.","PeriodicalId":371561,"journal":{"name":"2022 57th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116793963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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