Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385939
A. Bar-Cohen
The rapid increase in on-chip heat fluxes and package heat density, accompanying the migration to nanoelectronics and 3D chip stacks, has placed thermal management squarely on the critical path for advanced product development. Innovative, cost-effective cooling techniques, combined in a synergetic way with more conventional approaches, must be developed if the benefits of the Moore's Law progression are to be realized. Following a brief discussion of the industry roadmap for IC packaging and review of chip package thermal management options, attention will turn to the application of solidstate thermoelectric refrigeration and the thermal characteristics of direct immersion cooling in dielectric liquids. The presentation will close with a discussion of the research challenges associated with the commercial implementation of on-chip thermoelectric coolers and direct liquid cooling.
{"title":"Thermal management of on-chip hot spots and 3D chip stacks","authors":"A. Bar-Cohen","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385939","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid increase in on-chip heat fluxes and package heat density, accompanying the migration to nanoelectronics and 3D chip stacks, has placed thermal management squarely on the critical path for advanced product development. Innovative, cost-effective cooling techniques, combined in a synergetic way with more conventional approaches, must be developed if the benefits of the Moore's Law progression are to be realized. Following a brief discussion of the industry roadmap for IC packaging and review of chip package thermal management options, attention will turn to the application of solidstate thermoelectric refrigeration and the thermal characteristics of direct immersion cooling in dielectric liquids. The presentation will close with a discussion of the research challenges associated with the commercial implementation of on-chip thermoelectric coolers and direct liquid cooling.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129481618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386064
I. Khmyrova, Elena Shestakova
In this paper resonant sensor based on micro-machined high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) in which multiple suspended resonant cantilevers serve as floating gates is proposed and its analytical and lumped equivalent circuit models are developed. The proposed HEMT-based multi-cantilever resonant sensor enables electrostatic actuation and electrical readout. Mass absorption by a cantilever results in the change in its mechanical resonant frequency. Mechanical oscillations of such a cantilever excited electrically control the source-drain current. Thus, its resonant frequency shift can be detected as a frequency shift in the resonant peak of the source-drain current. Mechanical oscillations of each cantilever and electromechanical transducer are represented by relevant circuit components. The developed equivalent circuit of multi-cantilever resonant sensor was used to simulate its frequency response using Is-Spice software. The simulation reveals an enhanced source-drain current with a peak at a single frequency for the array of the identical cantilevers. In the case of multiple different cantilevers the simulated source-drain current reveals peaks at frequencies corresponding to mechanical resonances of the cantilevers, as expected.
{"title":"Multi-cantilever HEMT-based resonant sensor","authors":"I. Khmyrova, Elena Shestakova","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386064","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper resonant sensor based on micro-machined high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) in which multiple suspended resonant cantilevers serve as floating gates is proposed and its analytical and lumped equivalent circuit models are developed. The proposed HEMT-based multi-cantilever resonant sensor enables electrostatic actuation and electrical readout. Mass absorption by a cantilever results in the change in its mechanical resonant frequency. Mechanical oscillations of such a cantilever excited electrically control the source-drain current. Thus, its resonant frequency shift can be detected as a frequency shift in the resonant peak of the source-drain current. Mechanical oscillations of each cantilever and electromechanical transducer are represented by relevant circuit components. The developed equivalent circuit of multi-cantilever resonant sensor was used to simulate its frequency response using Is-Spice software. The simulation reveals an enhanced source-drain current with a peak at a single frequency for the array of the identical cantilevers. In the case of multiple different cantilevers the simulated source-drain current reveals peaks at frequencies corresponding to mechanical resonances of the cantilevers, as expected.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130135823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386062
A. Yahalom, Y. Pinhasi, E. Shifman, S. Petnev
In this work we describe a model taking into account transmission through multiple layers which are a consequence of the inhomogeneity of the building materials our indoor environment is made of. Our model enables the analysis of a communication channel for both the narrow and wide band cases between adjacent rooms. We use our model to predict UWB behavior and obtain a very rich propagation pattern. Finally we compare our analysis with real world measurements performed in our laboratory and obtain an adequate correspondence between our model results and the measurement.
{"title":"Transmission through multiple layers in UWB and narrow band communications","authors":"A. Yahalom, Y. Pinhasi, E. Shifman, S. Petnev","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386062","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we describe a model taking into account transmission through multiple layers which are a consequence of the inhomogeneity of the building materials our indoor environment is made of. Our model enables the analysis of a communication channel for both the narrow and wide band cases between adjacent rooms. We use our model to predict UWB behavior and obtain a very rich propagation pattern. Finally we compare our analysis with real world measurements performed in our laboratory and obtain an adequate correspondence between our model results and the measurement.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122453399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386022
A. Freedman, Ziv Nuss
The WiMAX system, based on the IEEE 802.16 standard offers a large degree of flexibility to allow optimal deployment in different scenarios. For that purpose it provides a large set of parameters to be configured and tuned. The paper introduces the main configuration parameters, to be planned ahead for a successful deployment of a mobile WiMAX system, and proposes a methodology to determine those parameters. The proposed methodology is an iterative process aimed at real world deployments where site layout is asymmetric and far from ideal hexagonal layout, traffic density and propagation conditions are not uniform and the naïve approach of regular re-use factor based planning is not adequate.
{"title":"Planning of WiMAX OFDMA frame parameters in real world deployments","authors":"A. Freedman, Ziv Nuss","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386022","url":null,"abstract":"The WiMAX system, based on the IEEE 802.16 standard offers a large degree of flexibility to allow optimal deployment in different scenarios. For that purpose it provides a large set of parameters to be configured and tuned. The paper introduces the main configuration parameters, to be planned ahead for a successful deployment of a mobile WiMAX system, and proposes a methodology to determine those parameters. The proposed methodology is an iterative process aimed at real world deployments where site layout is asymmetric and far from ideal hexagonal layout, traffic density and propagation conditions are not uniform and the naïve approach of regular re-use factor based planning is not adequate.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127264811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386032
D. Chizhik, L. Drabeck, W. M. MacDonald
Analysis of radio propagation over varying, clutter-covered terrain was carried out aiming at prediction of power received by a terminal immersed in clutter, with the transmitter placed above clutter. The need for such prediction arises, for example, in planning and assessing coverage and interference in radio communications. Following a general formulation of the problem, particular solutions were found when the terrain has constant curvature. Asymptotic evaluation yielded compact expressions for parabolic ridges. Ray-optical term dominated for short ranges, while a single mode dominated at large ranges. Ridges produced strong blockage beyond the “horizon”, in contrast to strong focusing reported to occur in valleys. The resulting procedure for predicting pathloss over varying terrain is therefore to apply the formulae using the terrain curvature extracted from terrain files.
{"title":"Asymptotic analysis of propagation over cluttered parabolic ridges","authors":"D. Chizhik, L. Drabeck, W. M. MacDonald","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386032","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of radio propagation over varying, clutter-covered terrain was carried out aiming at prediction of power received by a terminal immersed in clutter, with the transmitter placed above clutter. The need for such prediction arises, for example, in planning and assessing coverage and interference in radio communications. Following a general formulation of the problem, particular solutions were found when the terrain has constant curvature. Asymptotic evaluation yielded compact expressions for parabolic ridges. Ray-optical term dominated for short ranges, while a single mode dominated at large ranges. Ridges produced strong blockage beyond the “horizon”, in contrast to strong focusing reported to occur in valleys. The resulting procedure for predicting pathloss over varying terrain is therefore to apply the formulae using the terrain curvature extracted from terrain files.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132109831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385935
M. Tur
Wideband, large phased array antennas, using analog control for angle scanning, require true time delay (TTD), rather than phase shifters, to avoid squint and other impairments in both the temporal and spatial domains. While digital beamforming may eventually become a viable solution for such high-end systems, photonic technology can currently provide the required TTD capabilities. Common to most, if not all photonic solutions is the conversion of the RF signal to light, which after proper photonic processing is detected to produce a delayed RF replica of the input RF signal. This double conversion is quite lossy and often requires optical amplification to achieve the required dynamic range. Many architectures have been proposed for the implementation of TTDs. The talk will discuss some of these proposed architectures, including the use of dispersive components, switched fabrics, chirped Bragg gratings, wavelength division multiplexed approaches, as well as solutions based on nonlinear phenomena such as slow light and stimulated Brillouin scattering. In analyzing these various architectures, the following are among the important characteristics should be examined: (i) Flatness of their RF response; (ii) uniformity among the many TTDs populating the array; (iii) Dynamic range; (iv) Nonlinearities and their implications, as well as complexity, volume, weight and cost. In conclusion, it appears that when properly designed, photonic beamformers have matured to the point, where they can replace classical electronic beamformers, offering extremely wide bandwidth and large scanning angles.
{"title":"True time delay photonic beamforming: A review","authors":"M. Tur","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385935","url":null,"abstract":"Wideband, large phased array antennas, using analog control for angle scanning, require true time delay (TTD), rather than phase shifters, to avoid squint and other impairments in both the temporal and spatial domains. While digital beamforming may eventually become a viable solution for such high-end systems, photonic technology can currently provide the required TTD capabilities. Common to most, if not all photonic solutions is the conversion of the RF signal to light, which after proper photonic processing is detected to produce a delayed RF replica of the input RF signal. This double conversion is quite lossy and often requires optical amplification to achieve the required dynamic range. Many architectures have been proposed for the implementation of TTDs. The talk will discuss some of these proposed architectures, including the use of dispersive components, switched fabrics, chirped Bragg gratings, wavelength division multiplexed approaches, as well as solutions based on nonlinear phenomena such as slow light and stimulated Brillouin scattering. In analyzing these various architectures, the following are among the important characteristics should be examined: (i) Flatness of their RF response; (ii) uniformity among the many TTDs populating the array; (iii) Dynamic range; (iv) Nonlinearities and their implications, as well as complexity, volume, weight and cost. In conclusion, it appears that when properly designed, photonic beamformers have matured to the point, where they can replace classical electronic beamformers, offering extremely wide bandwidth and large scanning angles.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133905728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386017
Y. Michlin, O. Shaham
The Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) is the most common acceptance test in the field of reliability and quality control of electronic systems. Proposed are measures of the test quality. One of them is the increase in the Average Sample Number (ASN) caused by the test truncation. An optimality criterion based on it considerably facilitates solution of the problems in automatic planning of the test. Also given are formulas for determining one of the parameters of the test boundaries — the Truncation Apex (TA), depending on the required test characteristics. A user's algorithm for the planner is also included.
{"title":"Planning of truncated sequential binomial tests via the ASN-increase parameter","authors":"Y. Michlin, O. Shaham","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386017","url":null,"abstract":"The Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) is the most common acceptance test in the field of reliability and quality control of electronic systems. Proposed are measures of the test quality. One of them is the increase in the Average Sample Number (ASN) caused by the test truncation. An optimality criterion based on it considerably facilitates solution of the problems in automatic planning of the test. Also given are formulas for determining one of the parameters of the test boundaries — the Truncation Apex (TA), depending on the required test characteristics. A user's algorithm for the planner is also included.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132897651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386043
O. Vendik, A. Vasiliev, M. Parnes
New requirements are formulated for phase shifters used in phased-array antennas: 1) small power in biasing networks, 2) higher microwave power, 3) low production cost. Reflection type phase shifters on ferroelectric tunable capacitors in combination with hybrid junction form a transmission type phase shifter. Two ferroelectric capacitors are connected in parallel with respect to RF voltage and in series with respect to dc bias. Such a scheme provides > 10 W for each reflection type phase shifter, eliminating the cross modulation of the signals.
{"title":"Low cost ferroelectric phase shifter for a higher microwave power level","authors":"O. Vendik, A. Vasiliev, M. Parnes","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386043","url":null,"abstract":"New requirements are formulated for phase shifters used in phased-array antennas: 1) small power in biasing networks, 2) higher microwave power, 3) low production cost. Reflection type phase shifters on ferroelectric tunable capacitors in combination with hybrid junction form a transmission type phase shifter. Two ferroelectric capacitors are connected in parallel with respect to RF voltage and in series with respect to dc bias. Such a scheme provides > 10 W for each reflection type phase shifter, eliminating the cross modulation of the signals.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133216386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386003
Ping Zhao, T. Hollstein, Kun Fang, M. Glesner, Yuliang Zheng, R. Jakoby
A novel multi-protocol RFID reader with automatic power control is proposed in this paper based on a software defined radio architecture. The transponder power consumption variation over time is considered for different protocols. The modulation effect of power control on forward data transmission is included in the analysis. The emission power of the reader is automatically tuned in real-time according to the needs of the transponders in compliance with different standards, with which a considerable amount of power can be saved.
{"title":"A novel software defined radio architecture with automatic power control for RFID readers","authors":"Ping Zhao, T. Hollstein, Kun Fang, M. Glesner, Yuliang Zheng, R. Jakoby","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386003","url":null,"abstract":"A novel multi-protocol RFID reader with automatic power control is proposed in this paper based on a software defined radio architecture. The transponder power consumption variation over time is considered for different protocols. The modulation effect of power control on forward data transmission is included in the analysis. The emission power of the reader is automatically tuned in real-time according to the needs of the transponders in compliance with different standards, with which a considerable amount of power can be saved.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130745238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386050
E. Shumakher
The following summary recaps a decade long research effort at Technion in the area of high spectral purity signal generation by opto-electronic means. The basic concept of an optoelectronic oscillator is presented, followed by numerous experimental implementations along with recent advances employing slow light techniques.
{"title":"The optoelectronic oscillator: Review and recent advances","authors":"E. Shumakher","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386050","url":null,"abstract":"The following summary recaps a decade long research effort at Technion in the area of high spectral purity signal generation by opto-electronic means. The basic concept of an optoelectronic oscillator is presented, followed by numerous experimental implementations along with recent advances employing slow light techniques.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"22 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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