Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385964
H. Tanbakuchi, M. Richter, F. Kienberger, H. Huber
The vector network analyzer (VNA) architecture as it exists today has the ability to measure impedances close to the analyzer's own characteristic impedance (i.e., 50 ohms) with good precision up to 100GHz stimulus frequency. However, the measurement precision and resolution provided by a VNA drop by two orders of magnitude as impedance deviates from 50 ohms. We propose a solution that remedies the lack of measurement precision and resolution for large and small impedances when measured by a VNA. A new scanning microwave microscope (SMM) that utilizes a half-wavelength resonator in conjunction with a diplexer connected to a VNA to perform very sensitive capacitance measurements at the tip of a conductive atomic force microscope (AFM) is discussed. These measurements are achieved via transformation of the high impedance (i.e., the very small capacitance between the AFM tip/sample to the ground) to 50 ohms (i.e., the measurement system's characteristic impedance) using a half-wavelength resonator and diplexer.
{"title":"Nanoscale materials and device characterization via a scanning microwave microscope","authors":"H. Tanbakuchi, M. Richter, F. Kienberger, H. Huber","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385964","url":null,"abstract":"The vector network analyzer (VNA) architecture as it exists today has the ability to measure impedances close to the analyzer's own characteristic impedance (i.e., 50 ohms) with good precision up to 100GHz stimulus frequency. However, the measurement precision and resolution provided by a VNA drop by two orders of magnitude as impedance deviates from 50 ohms. We propose a solution that remedies the lack of measurement precision and resolution for large and small impedances when measured by a VNA. A new scanning microwave microscope (SMM) that utilizes a half-wavelength resonator in conjunction with a diplexer connected to a VNA to perform very sensitive capacitance measurements at the tip of a conductive atomic force microscope (AFM) is discussed. These measurements are achieved via transformation of the high impedance (i.e., the very small capacitance between the AFM tip/sample to the ground) to 50 ohms (i.e., the measurement system's characteristic impedance) using a half-wavelength resonator and diplexer.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128881190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386076
E. Levine
GPS antennas should cover most of the sky and see as much satellites as possible. The antenna should have a broad radiation beam and low gain. The antenna must be well-matched in the relevant frequencies and be Right Hand Circular Polarized. The key factor in GPS systems for high position accuracy and for short acquisition time is the antenna. It is the objective of this paper to present the requirements from GPS antennas and to describe and compare different antenna types.
{"title":"Overview of GPS antennas","authors":"E. Levine","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386076","url":null,"abstract":"GPS antennas should cover most of the sky and see as much satellites as possible. The antenna should have a broad radiation beam and low gain. The antenna must be well-matched in the relevant frequencies and be Right Hand Circular Polarized. The key factor in GPS systems for high position accuracy and for short acquisition time is the antenna. It is the objective of this paper to present the requirements from GPS antennas and to describe and compare different antenna types.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129629450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386001
M. Benzazaa, F. Deshours, C. Algani, F. Mandereau, G. Alquié, A. Billabert
This paper presents an original 60 GHz architecture for ultra-wide band (UWB) radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems to increase both the transmission distance and the high data bit rate. With a central station (CS) and a base station (BS), this architecture allows to send through an optical fiber both a subcarrier microwave signal and UWB baseband data by using a wavelength multiplexer. At the BS, the carrier frequency is photodetected, modulated by data and then up-converted to millimeter-wave band. Simulation results using VPIsystems software are reported and discussed for multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) signals.
{"title":"A 60 GHz Radio-over-Fiber architecture for the transmission of UWB-OFDM signals","authors":"M. Benzazaa, F. Deshours, C. Algani, F. Mandereau, G. Alquié, A. Billabert","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an original 60 GHz architecture for ultra-wide band (UWB) radio-over-fiber (RoF) systems to increase both the transmission distance and the high data bit rate. With a central station (CS) and a base station (BS), this architecture allows to send through an optical fiber both a subcarrier microwave signal and UWB baseband data by using a wavelength multiplexer. At the BS, the carrier frequency is photodetected, modulated by data and then up-converted to millimeter-wave band. Simulation results using VPIsystems software are reported and discussed for multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) signals.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121182495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386040
M. Mizrahi, E. Glassner, N. Bachar, E. Farber, A. Abramovich, Y. Koral
The transmission and receiving of several channels via a single antenna is a long standing problem. We have developed a multi-channel coupler in the VHF frequency range enabling to reduce the number of antennas to one third of channels number used at one time. The system is based on a meander stripline used for each coupling channel. The channels were matched simultaneously to a single antenna using a controlled capacitor banks located on each channel. The multi coupler performance shows low insertion loss and low return loss for each channel attached to the antenna.
{"title":"VHF multi-channel coupler for RF communication","authors":"M. Mizrahi, E. Glassner, N. Bachar, E. Farber, A. Abramovich, Y. Koral","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386040","url":null,"abstract":"The transmission and receiving of several channels via a single antenna is a long standing problem. We have developed a multi-channel coupler in the VHF frequency range enabling to reduce the number of antennas to one third of channels number used at one time. The system is based on a meander stripline used for each coupling channel. The channels were matched simultaneously to a single antenna using a controlled capacitor banks located on each channel. The multi coupler performance shows low insertion loss and low return loss for each channel attached to the antenna.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122402033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385966
Vadim Issakov, M. Tiebout, K. Mertens, Yiqun Cao, Andreas Thiede, W. Simbürger, Linus Maurer
This paper presents a compact low-power transceiver for 24 GHz radar applications integrated in 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The high integration level includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA), two mixers, on-chip quadrature generation, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a power amplifier (PA) driver and frequency division by four at a record minimal area of 0.7 mm2. The direct-conversion receiver offers a conversion gain of 12 dB and a DSB noise figure of 5.5 dB, whilst the transmitter provides an output power of -3 dBm with a phase noise of -101 dBc/Hz. The circuit consumes only 88 mW from a single 1.5 V supply.
{"title":"A compact low-power 24 GHz transceiver for radar applications in 0.13 µm CMOS","authors":"Vadim Issakov, M. Tiebout, K. Mertens, Yiqun Cao, Andreas Thiede, W. Simbürger, Linus Maurer","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385966","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a compact low-power transceiver for 24 GHz radar applications integrated in 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The high integration level includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA), two mixers, on-chip quadrature generation, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a power amplifier (PA) driver and frequency division by four at a record minimal area of 0.7 mm2. The direct-conversion receiver offers a conversion gain of 12 dB and a DSB noise figure of 5.5 dB, whilst the transmitter provides an output power of -3 dBm with a phase noise of -101 dBc/Hz. The circuit consumes only 88 mW from a single 1.5 V supply.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123301504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386008
N. Kimiagarov, H. Matzner
A high gain 3-arm spiral antenna with planar unbalanced feed is proposed. It is shown that the traditional characteristic of spiral antenna apply to this type of spiral antenna. A very wide band frequency range and circularly polarization are achieved. Through numerous numerical simulation, it was determined that the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be improved significantly once the line width of the tree arms is tapered down as the arms approach to the center of the spiral. The dielectric substrate on which the antenna is printed as also the concept of end loading have big influence on the axial ratio parameter of the antenna. Very good agreement between simulation and measurement was achieved, showing about f: 8f bandwidth, 8dBi gain.
{"title":"A wide band flat spiral antenna with planar unbalanced feed","authors":"N. Kimiagarov, H. Matzner","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386008","url":null,"abstract":"A high gain 3-arm spiral antenna with planar unbalanced feed is proposed. It is shown that the traditional characteristic of spiral antenna apply to this type of spiral antenna. A very wide band frequency range and circularly polarization are achieved. Through numerous numerical simulation, it was determined that the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be improved significantly once the line width of the tree arms is tapered down as the arms approach to the center of the spiral. The dielectric substrate on which the antenna is printed as also the concept of end loading have big influence on the axial ratio parameter of the antenna. Very good agreement between simulation and measurement was achieved, showing about f: 8f bandwidth, 8dBi gain.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122960886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385940
M. Tentzeris, S. Nikolaou
This paper presents, for the first time, the integration of conformal paper-based RFID's with a Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (SW-CNT) composite for the development of a chipless RFID-enabled wireless sensor node for toxic gas detection and breathing-gas-content estimation. The electrical performance of the inkjet-printed SWCNT-based ultrasensitive sensor is reported up to 1GHz. The whole module is realized by inkjet-printing on a low-cost “green” paper-based substrate designed to operate in the European UHF RFID band. The electrical conductivity of the SWCNT film changes in the presence of ultra-small quantities of gases like ammonia and nitrogen dioxide, resulting in the variation of the backscattered power level which can be easily detected by the RFID reader to realize reliable early-warning toxic gas detection or breathing monitoring with potentially profound effects on ubiquitous low-cost “green” quality-of-life applications
{"title":"RFID-enabled ultrasensitive wireless sensors utilizing inkjet-printed antennas and carbon nanotubes for gas detection applications","authors":"M. Tentzeris, S. Nikolaou","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5385940","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents, for the first time, the integration of conformal paper-based RFID's with a Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (SW-CNT) composite for the development of a chipless RFID-enabled wireless sensor node for toxic gas detection and breathing-gas-content estimation. The electrical performance of the inkjet-printed SWCNT-based ultrasensitive sensor is reported up to 1GHz. The whole module is realized by inkjet-printing on a low-cost “green” paper-based substrate designed to operate in the European UHF RFID band. The electrical conductivity of the SWCNT film changes in the presence of ultra-small quantities of gases like ammonia and nitrogen dioxide, resulting in the variation of the backscattered power level which can be easily detected by the RFID reader to realize reliable early-warning toxic gas detection or breathing monitoring with potentially profound effects on ubiquitous low-cost “green” quality-of-life applications","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132643206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386002
N. Joram, U. Mayer, R. Eickhoff, F. Ellinger
In this paper, a CMOS vector modulator designed for smart antenna arrays at 5.5 GHz is presented. A quadrature all pass filter and sign select switches yield two orthogonal signal paths. Two variable gain amplifiers with strongly reduced phase shift of only ±6 ° are used to weight these paths. It has a phase control range of 360 ° and a gain range of −20 dB to 2.8 dB. The input-referred IP3 is −7 dBm at maximum gain. The current drawn from a 1.5 V supply amounts 12 mA. Using a 180 nm technology, the chip core area amounts 1.2×0.8 mm².
{"title":"Fully integrated active CMOS vector modulator for 802.11a compliant diversity transceivers","authors":"N. Joram, U. Mayer, R. Eickhoff, F. Ellinger","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386002","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a CMOS vector modulator designed for smart antenna arrays at 5.5 GHz is presented. A quadrature all pass filter and sign select switches yield two orthogonal signal paths. Two variable gain amplifiers with strongly reduced phase shift of only ±6 ° are used to weight these paths. It has a phase control range of 360 ° and a gain range of −20 dB to 2.8 dB. The input-referred IP3 is −7 dBm at maximum gain. The current drawn from a 1.5 V supply amounts 12 mA. Using a 180 nm technology, the chip core area amounts 1.2×0.8 mm².","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126790418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386078
Jehyung Yoon, Changjoon Park, H. Seo, I. Choi, Bumman Kim
A wideband LNA is the first amplifying stage in TV tuner system. It requires a low noise figure with a sufficient gain and a high linearity such as high IIP2 and IIP3 due to the many adjacent channels. This paper represents the wideband CMOS LNA using a dual feedback for the tuner application, which can suppress the second and the third order distortions with a low noise and a suitable gain. In the dual feedback, the weak negative feedback improves the linearity of the transconductance partially, thereby maintaining the high gain and low noise. The residual distortion and the distortion of the buffer are cancelled by the positive feedback. Consequently, the proposed wideband LNA with the dual feedback improves noise figure and linearity with a high gain. The LNA fabricated in 0.18 µm RF CMOS demonstrates the expected performances.
{"title":"A wideband LNA with dual-feedback for TV tuner","authors":"Jehyung Yoon, Changjoon Park, H. Seo, I. Choi, Bumman Kim","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386078","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband LNA is the first amplifying stage in TV tuner system. It requires a low noise figure with a sufficient gain and a high linearity such as high IIP2 and IIP3 due to the many adjacent channels. This paper represents the wideband CMOS LNA using a dual feedback for the tuner application, which can suppress the second and the third order distortions with a low noise and a suitable gain. In the dual feedback, the weak negative feedback improves the linearity of the transconductance partially, thereby maintaining the high gain and low noise. The residual distortion and the distortion of the buffer are cancelled by the positive feedback. Consequently, the proposed wideband LNA with the dual feedback improves noise figure and linearity with a high gain. The LNA fabricated in 0.18 µm RF CMOS demonstrates the expected performances.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114639901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386014
L. Cornock, I. Dilworth
In this paper we present an equivalent circuit for simulating parasitic coupling between adjacent plated through holes, known as vias, within multilayer printed circuit boards (PCB's) and similar structures. This paper uses full wave 3D electromagnetic models and measurement results as part of the development of the equivalent circuit. We also demonstrate how the modelling and perhaps the equivalent circuit presented can be scaled to fit virtually any via geometries including Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) used in 3D IC packaging.
{"title":"Equivalent circuit for parasitic coupling between plated through holes within PCB structures","authors":"L. Cornock, I. Dilworth","doi":"10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMCAS.2009.5386014","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an equivalent circuit for simulating parasitic coupling between adjacent plated through holes, known as vias, within multilayer printed circuit boards (PCB's) and similar structures. This paper uses full wave 3D electromagnetic models and measurement results as part of the development of the equivalent circuit. We also demonstrate how the modelling and perhaps the equivalent circuit presented can be scaled to fit virtually any via geometries including Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) used in 3D IC packaging.","PeriodicalId":372928,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronics Systems","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125087181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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