Stať kriticky reflektuje skutečnost, že v české próze desátých let 21. století proběhl evidentní příklon k dílům plným literárních konvencí a podbízejícím se esteticky nenáročným čtenářům. Připomíná, že jedním z prvních, kdo na tento trend upozornil, byl Jiří Peňás, který ovšem neadekvátně přisoudil vinu tzv. ženskému způsobu psaní. V příspěvku je Peňásův názor korigován poukazem na obdobně problematická díla sepsaná a vydaná v daném období muži. Jako jednu z hlavních příčin současného většinového zřeknutí se kritického nárokování tvárně i myšlenkově nekonvenčních děl pak článek identifikuje příklon Hosta, jednoho z nejdůležitějších českých nakladatelství vydávajícího též stejnojmennou reprezentativní literární revue, k midcultu, avizovaný na přelomu století čelným představitelem dotyčného nakladatelství i časopisu Miroslavem Balaštíkem. V závěru je zdůrazněno, že Balaštíkovo doporučení, jak se vymanit z „pasti estetismu” vyústilo v akutní nebezpečí uvíznutí české prózy v „pasti populáru”.
{"title":"Od „pasti estetismu” k „pasti populáru”","authors":"Lubomír Machala","doi":"10.14746/bo.2022.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Stať kriticky reflektuje skutečnost, že v české próze desátých let 21. století proběhl evidentní příklon k dílům plným literárních konvencí a podbízejícím se esteticky nenáročným čtenářům. Připomíná, že jedním z prvních, kdo na tento trend upozornil, byl Jiří Peňás, který ovšem neadekvátně přisoudil vinu tzv. ženskému způsobu psaní. V příspěvku je Peňásův názor korigován poukazem na obdobně problematická díla sepsaná a vydaná v daném období muži. Jako jednu z hlavních příčin současného většinového zřeknutí se kritického nárokování tvárně i myšlenkově nekonvenčních děl pak článek identifikuje příklon Hosta, jednoho z nejdůležitějších českých nakladatelství vydávajícího též stejnojmennou reprezentativní literární revue, k midcultu, avizovaný na přelomu století čelným představitelem dotyčného nakladatelství i časopisu Miroslavem Balaštíkem. V závěru je zdůrazněno, že Balaštíkovo doporučení, jak se vymanit z „pasti estetismu” vyústilo v akutní nebezpečí uvíznutí české prózy v „pasti populáru”.","PeriodicalId":37389,"journal":{"name":"Bohemistyka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49308421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uroczystość nadania tytułu doctor honoris causa prof. PhDr. Janie Hoffmannovej, DrSc.","authors":"Anna Tabisz","doi":"10.14746/bo.2022.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37389,"journal":{"name":"Bohemistyka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43320153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Mikołajewski, tłumacz ewangelickiej Biblii gdańskiej (1632), w swojej pracy translatorskiej posługiwał się jako źródłem pomocniczym czeską Biblią kralicką (1579–1594). Analizie w kontekście zagadnienia leksykalnej zależności filiacyjnej przekładu gdańskiego od przekładu kralickiego zostały poddane ekwiwalenty gr. νομικός ‘znawca Prawa Mojżeszowego’. Daniel Mikołajewski przy wyborze polskich podstawień leksykalnych uwzględniał znaczenie kontekstowe leksemu oryginalnego i kierował się kryterium zgodności semantyczno-morfologicznej polskich podstawień leksykalnych z ich greckim odpowiednikiem. Są to zakonnik i nauczony w Zakonie. Są one odwzorowaniem ekwiwalentów przywołanych w paralelnych wersetach w Biblii kralickiej, a mianowicie zákonník, učený v Zákoně. Jako tło porównawcze w analizie uwzględnione zostały także ekwiwalenty gr. γραμματεύς ‘uczony w Piśmie’. W tym wypadku Daniel Mikołajewski opowiedział się za polskim odpowiednikiem spełniającym kryterium zgodności semantyczno-morfologicznej – nauczony w Piśmie. Tłumacze Biblii kralickiej natomiast pozostali przy ekwiwalencie zákonník, adekwatnym semantycznie, ale nie morfologicznie (etymologicznie). Zaprezentowane studium przypadku ukazuje Daniela Mikołajewskiego jako tłumacza autonomicznego, krytycznie podchodzącego do wzorca czeskiego.
Daniel Mikołajewski，《格但斯克福音圣经》（1632年）的译者，在他的翻译工作中使用了捷克克拉利克圣经（1579-1594年）。在格但斯克翻译分支对克拉丽斯翻译的词汇依赖的背景下，由“马赛克法鉴赏家”进行了分析。Daniel Mikołajewski在选择波兰语词汇替换时考虑了原始词典的上下文意义，并以波兰语单词替换与希腊语单词替换的语义形态兼容性标准为指导。他们是修会的一名僧侣和一名学者。它们代表了《克拉利斯圣经》中平行诗句中提到的等价物，即zákonník、učenýv zákonŞ。作为比较背景，还考虑了格拉姆特斯“在圣经中学到的”的等价物。在这种情况下，Daniel Mikołajewski选择了符合《圣经》中教导的语义形态兼容性标准的波兰语对等词。然而，《克拉丽斯圣经》的译者仍然使用等效的zákonník，这在语义上是足够的，但在形态上（词源上）是不够的。所呈现的案例研究表明，Daniel Mikołajewski是一位自主译者，他批判性地接近捷克模式。
{"title":"Polski leksem zakonnik w Biblii gdańskiej (1632) a czeski leksem zákonník w Biblii kralickiej (1579-1594). Studium przypadku w kontekście zagadnienia leksykalnej zależności filiacyjnej przekładu polskiego od czeskiego","authors":"T. Lisowski","doi":"10.14746/bo.2022.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Daniel Mikołajewski, tłumacz ewangelickiej Biblii gdańskiej (1632), w swojej pracy translatorskiej posługiwał się jako źródłem pomocniczym czeską Biblią kralicką (1579–1594). Analizie w kontekście zagadnienia leksykalnej zależności filiacyjnej przekładu gdańskiego od przekładu kralickiego zostały poddane ekwiwalenty gr. νομικός ‘znawca Prawa Mojżeszowego’. Daniel Mikołajewski przy wyborze polskich podstawień leksykalnych uwzględniał znaczenie kontekstowe leksemu oryginalnego i kierował się kryterium zgodności semantyczno-morfologicznej polskich podstawień leksykalnych z ich greckim odpowiednikiem. Są to zakonnik i nauczony w Zakonie. Są one odwzorowaniem ekwiwalentów przywołanych w paralelnych wersetach w Biblii kralickiej, a mianowicie zákonník, učený v Zákoně. Jako tło porównawcze w analizie uwzględnione zostały także ekwiwalenty gr. γραμματεύς ‘uczony w Piśmie’. W tym wypadku Daniel Mikołajewski opowiedział się za polskim odpowiednikiem spełniającym kryterium zgodności semantyczno-morfologicznej – nauczony w Piśmie. Tłumacze Biblii kralickiej natomiast pozostali przy ekwiwalencie zákonník, adekwatnym semantycznie, ale nie morfologicznie (etymologicznie). Zaprezentowane studium przypadku ukazuje Daniela Mikołajewskiego jako tłumacza autonomicznego, krytycznie podchodzącego do wzorca czeskiego.","PeriodicalId":37389,"journal":{"name":"Bohemistyka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49109237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to analyse and compare the use of the sentences in the selected texts by Jakub Arbes, Alois Jirásek and Julius Zeyer. On the basis of a set of frequency analyses, the contribution summarizes selected individual aspects of the prose style used in the works of Jakub Arbes, Alois Jirásek, and Julius Zeyer. The paper deals with linear sentence length of simple sentences and commplex/compound sentences in texts of the selected authors. The focus is on characteristic features of the narrative style of these very much different 19th Century Czech Authors as well as on similarities relating their style.
{"title":"Sentence structure in the works of J. Arbes, A. Jirásek, and J. Zeyer","authors":"Martin Schacherl","doi":"10.14746/bo.2022.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to analyse and compare the use of the sentences in the selected texts by Jakub Arbes, Alois Jirásek and Julius Zeyer. On the basis of a set of frequency analyses, the contribution summarizes selected individual aspects of the prose style used in the works of Jakub Arbes, Alois Jirásek, and Julius Zeyer. The paper deals with linear sentence length of simple sentences and commplex/compound sentences in texts of the selected authors. The focus is on characteristic features of the narrative style of these very much different 19th Century Czech Authors as well as on similarities relating their style.","PeriodicalId":37389,"journal":{"name":"Bohemistyka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44683160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on the use of verb tenses in Czech subordinate clauses is based on the notions of absolute and relative tense and on the distinction between content and adjunct clauses. It is generally agreed that absolute tenses are used in adjunct clauses, whereas relative tenses are typically used in content clauses. Based on an analysis from the Czech National Corpus, I will demonstrate that, in addition to the assumed use of tenses and in contrast to their usage in English, there are also variations in their use: in content clauses, even tenses selected from the speaker’s perspective are used in certain cases, and in certain adjunct clauses relative tenses may also be used.
{"title":"The Use of Verb Tenses in Subordinate Content Clauses in Czech","authors":"Marta Koutová","doi":"10.14746/bo.2022.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the use of verb tenses in Czech subordinate clauses is based on the notions of absolute and relative tense and on the distinction between content and adjunct clauses. It is generally agreed that absolute tenses are used in adjunct clauses, whereas relative tenses are typically used in content clauses. Based on an analysis from the Czech National Corpus, I will demonstrate that, in addition to the assumed use of tenses and in contrast to their usage in English, there are also variations in their use: in content clauses, even tenses selected from the speaker’s perspective are used in certain cases, and in certain adjunct clauses relative tenses may also be used.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":37389,"journal":{"name":"Bohemistyka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43130952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The corpus approach to teaching Czech as a foreign language has not gained its stable place in academic language teaching practice in spite of growing interest in the last years. A comprehensive framework of corpus-based exercises usage and their influence on students' language development is still missing. This article aims to verify the data-driven learning (DDL) method in teaching Czech at university level. The analysis was based on an experiment in which an experimental group using the corpus approach was examined in comparison with a control group. The research was conducted in the form of a one-semester course for Polish students of Czech studies. The results have proven that thanks to DDL activities, students accomplished positive outcomes and, in several areas, had even better results in comparison with control group. They substantially improved in terms of grammatical gender, vocalisation of prepositions, and genitive singular and plural. For these three language phenomena concrete application of corpus exercises was presented. The study confirmed that the clear and systematic procedure presented in the corpus approach to teaching contributed to the fixation of taught material. Employment of DDL methods in university language courses has a chance to become a permanent means used by teachers and students in language discovery in the future.
{"title":"Corpus approach to teaching Czech as a foreign language in university courses","authors":"Adran Jan Zasina","doi":"10.14746/bo.2022.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"The corpus approach to teaching Czech as a foreign language has not gained its stable place in academic language teaching practice in spite of growing interest in the last years. A comprehensive framework of corpus-based exercises usage and their influence on students' language development is still missing. This article aims to verify the data-driven learning (DDL) method in teaching Czech at university level. The analysis was based on an experiment in which an experimental group using the corpus approach was examined in comparison with a control group. The research was conducted in the form of a one-semester course for Polish students of Czech studies. The results have proven that thanks to DDL activities, students accomplished positive outcomes and, in several areas, had even better results in comparison with control group. They substantially improved in terms of grammatical gender, vocalisation of prepositions, and genitive singular and plural. For these three language phenomena concrete application of corpus exercises was presented. The study confirmed that the clear and systematic procedure presented in the corpus approach to teaching contributed to the fixation of taught material. Employment of DDL methods in university language courses has a chance to become a permanent means used by teachers and students in language discovery in the future.","PeriodicalId":37389,"journal":{"name":"Bohemistyka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48689396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of the analysis are aggressive linguistic behaviours constituting a part of the pandemic discourse. We are interested in verbal aggression in a borderline situation, for which we consider the COVID-19 disease as the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The research material comes from the discussion forums of the Czech internet portal Novinky.cz. It was collected in the period from July 2021 to August 2022. The researched comments are an example of so-called written conversation, because they reflect the nature of spontaneous communication, the texts are unprepared, created with the usage of the language of everyday communication (běžná mluva), colloquialisms, slangisms, the obecná čeština, with a clear presence of expressive vocabulary. The article discusses manifestations of verbal aggression in a lexical-pragmatic perspective, while verbal aggression is understood as any deliberate linguistic behavior that causes harm to another person, inflicts psychological discomfort, presents them in a bad light, depreciates, mocks or ridicules them. The analysis focuses on such aggressive linguistic behaviour as threats, curses, insults, ridicule, accusations.
{"title":"Agresywne zachowania językowe w sytuacji granicznej","authors":"Grażyna Balowska","doi":"10.14746/bo.2022.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the analysis are aggressive linguistic behaviours constituting a part of the pandemic discourse. We are interested in verbal aggression in a borderline situation, for which we consider the COVID-19 disease as the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The research material comes from the discussion forums of the Czech internet portal Novinky.cz. It was collected in the period from July 2021 to August 2022. The researched comments are an example of so-called written conversation, because they reflect the nature of spontaneous communication, the texts are unprepared, created with the usage of the language of everyday communication (běžná mluva), colloquialisms, slangisms, the obecná čeština, with a clear presence of expressive vocabulary. The article discusses manifestations of verbal aggression in a lexical-pragmatic perspective, while verbal aggression is understood as any deliberate linguistic behavior that causes harm to another person, inflicts psychological discomfort, presents them in a bad light, depreciates, mocks or ridicules them. The analysis focuses on such aggressive linguistic behaviour as threats, curses, insults, ridicule, accusations.","PeriodicalId":37389,"journal":{"name":"Bohemistyka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49242765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cílem studie je pokusit se nalézt zvukové jevy, které mohou ovlivnit hodnocení míry cizineckého přízvuku u polských mluvčích v češtině. Materiál tvoří vzorky pěti mluvčích mužů s mateřštinou polštinou, z nichž byl sestaven percepční test. Míru cizineckého přízvuku hodnotily dvě skupiny rodilých posluchačů češtiny (z Čech a Ostravska). Na základě výsledků testu a poslechové a akustické analýzy byly určeny jevy, které mohly mít (s různou mírou jistoty) na hodnocení cizineckého přízvuku vliv a které se naopak v hodnocení neodrazily. K cizineckému přízvuku přispívají jak jevy souvislé řeči, tak výslovnost segmentů či jejich kombinatorika.
{"title":"Míra cizineckého přízvuku v češtině polských mluvčích","authors":"Jitka Veroňková","doi":"10.14746/bo.2022.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Cílem studie je pokusit se nalézt zvukové jevy, které mohou ovlivnit hodnocení míry cizineckého přízvuku u polských mluvčích v češtině. Materiál tvoří vzorky pěti mluvčích mužů s mateřštinou polštinou, z nichž byl sestaven percepční test. Míru cizineckého přízvuku hodnotily dvě skupiny rodilých posluchačů češtiny (z Čech a Ostravska). Na základě výsledků testu a poslechové a akustické analýzy byly určeny jevy, které mohly mít (s různou mírou jistoty) na hodnocení cizineckého přízvuku vliv a které se naopak v hodnocení neodrazily. K cizineckému přízvuku přispívají jak jevy souvislé řeči, tak výslovnost segmentů či jejich kombinatorika.","PeriodicalId":37389,"journal":{"name":"Bohemistyka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44025661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In European culture the colour black has quite a diverse and complex symbolism, which is also confirmed in the phrases containing black and referring to human life and the surrounding nature. This article is a comparative analysis of the meanings (figurative and literal) and connotations of the term “black” in three genetically close languages: Czech, Polish and Upper Sorbian. The comparative approach has brought out both the similarities in the conceptualization of this colour and its connotations, which are typical for two languages or only one. The semantic connotations of black in the analysed languages confirm their high compliance, which results from the linguistic and cultural proximity. The differences relate primarily to the wealth of expressions that implement the appropriate connotations. There is a visible lack of symmetry between Czech and Polish ??on the one hand, and Upper Sorbian on the other. In Upper Sorbian, as a minority language, one can also notice the influence of the German language (clichés of German expressions), which results from the closeness of Upper Sorbian with German.
{"title":"The meaning of the basic term for the colour black in Czech, Polish and Upper Sorbian","authors":"R. Bura","doi":"10.14746/bo.2022.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"In European culture the colour black has quite a diverse and complex symbolism, which is also confirmed in the phrases containing black and referring to human life and the surrounding nature. This article is a comparative analysis of the meanings (figurative and literal) and connotations of the term “black” in three genetically close languages: Czech, Polish and Upper Sorbian. The comparative approach has brought out both the similarities in the conceptualization of this colour and its connotations, which are typical for two languages or only one. The semantic connotations of black in the analysed languages confirm their high compliance, which results from the linguistic and cultural proximity. The differences relate primarily to the wealth of expressions that implement the appropriate connotations. There is a visible lack of symmetry between Czech and Polish ??on the one hand, and Upper Sorbian on the other. In Upper Sorbian, as a minority language, one can also notice the influence of the German language (clichés of German expressions), which results from the closeness of Upper Sorbian with German.","PeriodicalId":37389,"journal":{"name":"Bohemistyka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46361921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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