Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123910
Mengyao Zhang , Yan Wang , Shengyu Dai
A series of ortho-aryl-halogenated (F, Cl, Br) iminopyridyl Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes were synthesized and evaluated in ethylene (co)oligomerization. The nickel catalysts exhibited high activity (up to 7.62 × 10⁶ g/(mol·h)) in ethylene oligomerization, producing low-molecular-weight (337–589 g/mol), highly branched (88–122 branches/1000C) oligomers. Larger halogen substituents enhanced activity, increased molecular weight, and reduced branching density, suggesting suppressed chain transfer via steric and electronic modulation. The palladium catalysts showed moderate activity (0.8–7.23 × 10⁴ g/(mol·h)), generating hyperbranched oligomers (124–151 branches/1000C) with temperature-dependent molecular weights (260–684 g/mol). In ethylene–methyl acrylate (MA) co-oligomerization, Pd catalysts achieved high MA incorporation (5–21 mol%) while maintaining low molecular weights (263–344 g/mol) and high branching densities (144–165 branches/1000C). Notably, larger halogens improved co-oligomerization activity but reduced MA insertion, likely due to steric hindrance. These findings highlight the dual role of ortho-aryl halogens in tuning catalytic performance through electronic and steric effects, offering a strategy for designing tailored ethylene oligomer architectures.
{"title":"The role of ortho-aryl halogen effects in iminopyridyl Ni(II) and Pd(II) catalysts for ethylene (co)oligomerization","authors":"Mengyao Zhang , Yan Wang , Shengyu Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of ortho-aryl-halogenated (F, Cl, Br) iminopyridyl Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes were synthesized and evaluated in ethylene (co)oligomerization. The nickel catalysts exhibited high activity (up to 7.62 × 10⁶ g/(mol·h)) in ethylene oligomerization, producing low-molecular-weight (337–589 g/mol), highly branched (88–122 branches/1000C) oligomers. Larger halogen substituents enhanced activity, increased molecular weight, and reduced branching density, suggesting suppressed chain transfer via steric and electronic modulation. The palladium catalysts showed moderate activity (0.8–7.23 × 10⁴ g/(mol·h)), generating hyperbranched oligomers (124–151 branches/1000C) with temperature-dependent molecular weights (260–684 g/mol). In ethylene–methyl acrylate (MA) co-oligomerization, Pd catalysts achieved high MA incorporation (5–21 mol%) while maintaining low molecular weights (263–344 g/mol) and high branching densities (144–165 branches/1000C). Notably, larger halogens improved co-oligomerization activity but reduced MA insertion, likely due to steric hindrance. These findings highlight the dual role of ortho-aryl halogens in tuning catalytic performance through electronic and steric effects, offering a strategy for designing tailored ethylene oligomer architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"1043 ","pages":"Article 123910"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Six ferrocene-containing chalcone Schiff-base ligands [Fc-CHCHC(O)(4- C6H4)NCH(2-OHAr) (L1H: Ar = C6H4; L2H: Ar = 5-Cl-C6H3; L3H: Ar = 3,5-Br2C6H2; L4H: Ar = 5-NO2C6H3; L5H: Ar = 3,5-tBu2C6H2; L6H: Ar = 3-OMe-C6H3) and their copper(II) complexes [Cu(L1)2 (1), Cu(L2)2 (2), Cu(L3)2 (3), Cu(L4)2 (4), Cu(L5)2 (5) and Cu(L6)2 (6)] were synthesized. Molecular structures of the ferrocenoyl Schiff-base ligand L1H and mononuclear copper(II) complex 1 were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography along with microanalyses and characterization of their Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopies. Moreover, the mononuclear copper(II) complex 1 was determined by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). In addition, six ferrocenoyl Schiff-base ligands were all characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopies. The stability of their copper(II) complexes at different temperatures were also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Electrochemical properties of these ligands and corresponding copper(II) complexes were also investigated.
合成了6种含二茂铁查尔酮希夫碱配体[Fc-CHCHC(O)(4- C6H4)NCH(2- ohar)] (L1H: Ar = C6H4; L2H: Ar = 5- cl - c6h3; L3H: Ar = 3,5- br2c6h2; L4H: Ar = 5- no2c6h3; L5H: Ar = 3,5- tbu2c6h2; L6H: Ar = 3- ome - c6h3)及其铜(II)配合物[Cu(L1)2 (1), Cu(L2)2 (2), Cu(L3)2 (3), Cu(L4)2 (4), Cu(L5)2 (5), Cu(L6)2(6)]。二茂铁基席夫碱配体L1H和单核铜(II)配合物1的分子结构通过单晶x射线晶体学、微观分析以及傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)和紫外可见(UV-vis)光谱的表征得到了明确的证实。此外,采用粉末x射线衍射(PXRD)对单核铜(II)配合物1进行了测定。此外,六种二茂铁基席夫碱配体均通过1H NMR、13C NMR和质谱进行了表征。用热重分析法考察了它们的铜(II)配合物在不同温度下的稳定性。研究了这些配体和相应的铜(II)配合物的电化学性质。
{"title":"A mononuclear copper(II) complex supported by ferrocene-containing chalcone Schiff-base ligands: synthetic reaction and structural characterization","authors":"Yi-Jie Li, Zhi-Cui Zhang, Tian-Tian Sun, Ai-Quan Jia, Qian-Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Six ferrocene-containing chalcone Schiff-base ligands [Fc-CH<img>CH<img>C(O)(4- C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)N<img>CH(2-OHAr) (<strong>L1</strong>H: Ar = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>; <strong>L2</strong>H: Ar = 5-Cl-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>; <strong>L3</strong>H: Ar = 3,5-Br<sub>2<img></sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>; <strong>L4</strong>H: Ar = 5-NO<sub>2<img></sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>; <strong>L5</strong>H: Ar = 3,5-<sup>t</sup>Bu<sub>2<img></sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>; <strong>L6</strong>H: Ar = 3-OMe-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>) and their copper(II) complexes [Cu(<strong>L1</strong>)<sub>2</sub> (<strong>1</strong>), Cu(<strong>L2</strong>)<sub>2</sub> (<strong>2</strong>), Cu(<strong>L3</strong>)<sub>2</sub> (<strong>3</strong>), Cu(<strong>L4</strong>)<sub>2</sub> (<strong>4</strong>), Cu(<strong>L5</strong>)<sub>2</sub> (<strong>5</strong>) and Cu(<strong>L6</strong>)<sub>2</sub> (<strong>6</strong>)] were synthesized. Molecular structures of the ferrocenoyl Schiff-base ligand <strong>L1</strong>H and mononuclear copper(II) complex <strong>1</strong> were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography along with microanalyses and characterization of their Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopies. Moreover, the mononuclear copper(II) complex <strong>1</strong> was determined by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). In addition, six ferrocenoyl Schiff-base ligands were all characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR and mass spectroscopies. The stability of their copper(II) complexes at different temperatures were also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Electrochemical properties of these ligands and corresponding copper(II) complexes were also investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"1043 ","pages":"Article 123907"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123905
Jayapratha Gunasekaran , Pradeep Muthurathinam , Kavinraj Venkatachalam , Narmatha Venkatesan , Rajashri Varadarasu , Luis G. Alves , Ana M. Martins , Shanmuga Bharathi Kuppannan
A new class of half-sandwich ruthenium(II)-p-cymene complexes supported by η6-arene and (N, O) heterocyclic thiophene-based Schiff base hydrazone ligands has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV–Visible spectrophotometry, NMR, ESI-MS spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. All the ruthenium(II) complexes were tested as catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones to secondary alcohols. The reaction conditions were optimized, the complex C3 [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(Cl)(L3)](L3 = N’-((1H-indol-2-yl)methylene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide) showed better catalytic activity than the others. The conditions for the catalytic reactions were optimized with 0.2 mol% of complex, C3 in 5 ml of isopropanol and KOH at room temperature. This catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ketones proceeds through four major steps i.e., β-elimination, nucleophilic attack, hydride insertion and proton transfer. In addition, with this reaction condition our catalyst possesses a wide range of substrate tolerance viz., substrates of aryls with electron withdrawing/ electron donating/bifunctional groups, diaryls and aliphatic ketones. We have also compared the efficiency of our catalytic system against the existed ones and discussed.
{"title":"Transfer hydrogenation of ketones to secondary alcohols catalyzed by new Ruthenium(II) Heterocyclic hydrazone complexes","authors":"Jayapratha Gunasekaran , Pradeep Muthurathinam , Kavinraj Venkatachalam , Narmatha Venkatesan , Rajashri Varadarasu , Luis G. Alves , Ana M. Martins , Shanmuga Bharathi Kuppannan","doi":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new class of half-sandwich ruthenium(II)-<em>p</em>-cymene complexes supported by η<sup>6</sup>-arene and (N, O) heterocyclic thiophene-based Schiff base hydrazone ligands has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV–Visible spectrophotometry, NMR, ESI-MS spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. All the ruthenium(II) complexes were tested as catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones to secondary alcohols. The reaction conditions were optimized, the complex C<sup>3</sup> [Ru(η<sup>6</sup>-<em>p</em>-cymene)(Cl)(L<sup>3</sup>)](L<sup>3</sup> = N’-((1<em>H</em>-indol-2-yl)methylene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide) showed better catalytic activity than the others. The conditions for the catalytic reactions were optimized with 0.2 mol% of complex, <strong>C<sup>3</sup></strong> in 5 ml of isopropanol and KOH at room temperature. This catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ketones proceeds through four major steps i.e., β-elimination, nucleophilic attack, hydride insertion and proton transfer. In addition, with this reaction condition our catalyst possesses a wide range of substrate tolerance viz., substrates of aryls with electron withdrawing/ electron donating/bifunctional groups, diaryls and aliphatic ketones. We have also compared the efficiency of our catalytic system against the existed ones and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"1043 ","pages":"Article 123905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123901
Tahir A. Javadzade , Sevinc R. Hajiyeva , Famil M. Chyragov , Ana V.M. Nunes , Jamal Lasri , Sahil Z. Hamidov , Khudayar I. Hasanov , Kamran T. Mahmudov
A series of known cobalt complexes, [Co(HL1)2(H2O)4]·2H2O (1) (HL1 = 4-(2-(2,4-dioxopentan-3-ylidene)hydrazineyl)benzoate), [Co(μ-HL2)(H2O)(DMF)]2·DMF (2) (HL2 = (Z)-1-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-2-(1-cyano-2-imino-2-methoxyethylidene)hydrazin-1-ide), [CoII(H2O)2(DMF)2{CoIII(HL3)2}2]·2H2O (3) (HL3 = (Z)-1-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-2-(1,3-dioxo-1-(phenylamino)butan-2-ylidene)hydrazin-1-ide), [CoII(μ-HL3)(MeOH)2]n (4) and [CoII(H2O)4{CoIII(HL4)2}2]·12H2O (5) (HL4 = 1-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)hydrazin-1-ide), were synthesized and applied as catalysts in the coupling of CO2 with epoxides in the presence and absence of tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr), and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI). Dependent on the nature of the starting epoxide, moderate to good yields (ranging from 31 to 74 %) of the cyclic carbonates were achieved in the reactions catalyzed by 3 under appropriate conditions (24 h, 60 °C and 40 bar pressure).
{"title":"Cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides into cyclic carbonates catalyzed by cobalt(II or II/III)-arylhydrazonates","authors":"Tahir A. Javadzade , Sevinc R. Hajiyeva , Famil M. Chyragov , Ana V.M. Nunes , Jamal Lasri , Sahil Z. Hamidov , Khudayar I. Hasanov , Kamran T. Mahmudov","doi":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of known cobalt complexes, [Co(HL<sup>1</sup>)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>]·2H<sub>2</sub>O (<strong>1</strong>) (HL<sup>1</sup> = 4-(2-(2,4-dioxopentan-3-ylidene)hydrazineyl)benzoate), [Co(<em>μ</em>-HL<sup>2</sup>)(H<sub>2</sub>O)(DMF)]<sub>2</sub>·DMF (<strong>2</strong>) (HL<sup>2</sup> = (<em>Z</em>)-1-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-2-(1-cyano-2-imino-2-methoxyethylidene)hydrazin-1-ide), [Co<sup>II</sup>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>(DMF)<sub>2</sub>{Co<sup>III</sup>(HL<sup>3</sup>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>]·2H<sub>2</sub>O (<strong>3</strong>) (HL<sup>3</sup> = (<em>Z</em>)-1-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-2-(1,3-dioxo-1-(phenylamino)butan-2-ylidene)hydrazin-1-ide), [Co<sup>II</sup>(<em>μ</em>-HL<sup>3</sup>)(MeOH)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>n</sub> (<strong>4</strong>) and [Co<sup>II</sup>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>{Co<sup>III</sup>(HL<sup>4</sup>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>]·12H<sub>2</sub>O (<strong>5</strong>) (HL<sup>4</sup> = 1-(2-carboxylatophenyl)-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)hydrazin-1-ide), were synthesized and applied as catalysts in the coupling of CO<sub>2</sub> with epoxides in the presence and absence of tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr), and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI). Dependent on the nature of the starting epoxide, moderate to good yields (ranging from 31 to 74 %) of the cyclic carbonates were achieved in the reactions catalyzed by 3 under appropriate conditions (24 h, 60 °C and 40 bar pressure).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"1046 ","pages":"Article 123901"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123900
Chandrabhan Verma , Lipiar K.M.O. Goni , Ibrahim Y. Yaagoob , Renad A. Alyami , Akram Alfantazi , Mohammad A. Jafar Mazumder
1,2,3-Triazoles have emerged as nitrogen-rich heterocycles with multifunctional applications in corrosion protection, owing to their versatile coordination chemistry, chemical stability, tailorable physicochemical properties, unique electron structure, and broad functional utility in materials science. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of synthesis, characterization, coordination chemistry, and corrosion inhibition potential of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. Various approaches to metal-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, as well as metal-free and organocatalyst-based click chemistry for synthesizing 1,2,3-triazole-based systems, have been discussed in detail. A systematic literature survey has been conducted on these heterocyclic compounds, which exhibit strong inhibitory performance against various metals and alloys, including mild steel, copper, and aluminum, in acidic, neutral, and saline environments. The article also describes the ligand properties of triazole derivatives, such as non-innocent behavior, donation, retro-donation, effect of resonance, and coordination modes, that facilitate their interaction with metallic d-orbitals. In general, this work combines the practical advancements and chemical foundations of 1,2,3-triazoles in corrosion science, providing recommendations for the development of next-generation inhibitors that are both environmentally friendly and highly efficient.
{"title":"1,2,3-Triazoles in corrosion protection: Chemistry, ligand properties, coordination bonding and interfacial behavior","authors":"Chandrabhan Verma , Lipiar K.M.O. Goni , Ibrahim Y. Yaagoob , Renad A. Alyami , Akram Alfantazi , Mohammad A. Jafar Mazumder","doi":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>1,2,3-Triazoles have emerged as nitrogen-rich heterocycles with multifunctional applications in corrosion protection, owing to their versatile coordination chemistry, chemical stability, tailorable physicochemical properties, unique electron structure, and broad functional utility in materials science. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of synthesis, characterization, coordination chemistry, and corrosion inhibition potential of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. Various approaches to metal-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, as well as metal-free and organocatalyst-based click chemistry for synthesizing 1,2,3-triazole-based systems, have been discussed in detail. A systematic literature survey has been conducted on these heterocyclic compounds, which exhibit strong inhibitory performance against various metals and alloys, including mild steel, copper, and aluminum, in acidic, neutral, and saline environments. The article also describes the ligand properties of triazole derivatives, such as non-innocent behavior, donation, retro-donation, effect of resonance, and coordination modes, that facilitate their interaction with metallic <em>d</em>-orbitals. In general, this work combines the practical advancements and chemical foundations of 1,2,3-triazoles in corrosion science, providing recommendations for the development of next-generation inhibitors that are both environmentally friendly and highly efficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"1043 ","pages":"Article 123900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123903
Nurul Husna As Saedah Bain , Noorshida Mohd Ali , David Robinson , Abu-Baker M. Abdel-Aal
In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to explore the reaction mechanism for the formation of a silver-formimidamide intermediate complex in the synthesis pathway of a novel cyclometallated iridium(III) complex bearing a pyridine-formimidamide ancillary ligand. The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed explanation of how the cyclic carbene ancillary ligand of (2-(4-methylbenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridine, MBpyta converted into acyclic (E)-N-cyano-N-(4-methylbenzyl)-N'-(pyridin-2-yl) formimidamide, CNMBpyfa when undergoing complexation with chloro-bridged iridium(III) dimer [{Ir(F2ppy)2(µ-Cl)}2]. The calculated results showed that the role of silver(I) oxide and the electron-withdrawing effect of the starting ligand in reactants triggered the two stages of deprotonation of two carbons in the starting triazolium salt precursor. Geometrical optimization reveals that the crystal structure of complex Ir(F2ppy)2(CNMBpyfa) has the lowest electronic energy compared to other designated ancillary ligand positions, confirming that the experimental data represent the most stable state of the synthesized complex.
本研究通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,探讨了含吡啶-甲米酰胺辅助配体的新型环金属化铱(III)配合物合成途径中银-甲米酰胺中间配合物形成的反应机理。本研究的目的是详细解释(2-(4-甲基苄基)- 1h -1,2,4-三唑-1-酰基)吡啶的环羰基配体MBpyta在与氯桥接铱(III)二聚体[{Ir(F2ppy)2(µ- cl)}2]络合时如何转化为无环(E)- n-氰- n-(4-甲基苄基)- n '-(吡啶-2-酰基)甲米酰胺CNMBpyfa。计算结果表明,氧化银的作用和起始配体在反应物中的吸电子作用触发了起始三唑盐前驱体中两个碳的两阶段去质子化。几何优化表明配合物Ir(F2ppy)2(CNMBpyfa)的晶体结构与其他指定的辅助配体位置相比具有最低的电子能量,证实了实验数据代表了合成配合物最稳定的状态。
{"title":"Theoretical investigation of the reaction mechanism for formation of pyridinyl formimidamide ancillary ligand in the synthesis of a new Class of iridium(III) complexes","authors":"Nurul Husna As Saedah Bain , Noorshida Mohd Ali , David Robinson , Abu-Baker M. Abdel-Aal","doi":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to explore the reaction mechanism for the formation of a silver-formimidamide intermediate complex in the synthesis pathway of a novel cyclometallated iridium(III) complex bearing a pyridine-formimidamide ancillary ligand. The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed explanation of how the cyclic carbene ancillary ligand of (2-(4-methylbenzyl)-<em>1H</em>-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridine, MBpyta converted into acyclic (E)-N-cyano-N-(4-methylbenzyl)-N'-(pyridin-2-yl) formimidamide, CNMBpyfa when undergoing complexation with chloro-bridged iridium(III) dimer [{Ir(F<sub>2</sub>ppy)<sub>2</sub>(µ-Cl)}<sub>2</sub>]. The calculated results showed that the role of silver(I) oxide and the electron-withdrawing effect of the starting ligand in reactants triggered the two stages of deprotonation of two carbons in the starting triazolium salt precursor. Geometrical optimization reveals that the crystal structure of complex Ir(F<sub>2</sub>ppy)<sub>2</sub>(CNMBpyfa) has the lowest electronic energy compared to other designated ancillary ligand positions, confirming that the experimental data represent the most stable state of the synthesized complex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"1043 ","pages":"Article 123903"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123904
Jiaojiao Zhang , Wenwen Cong , Yi Li
A detailed theoretical mechanistic study on the α-olefins polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomers catalyzed by [N, P] Ti complexes is presented. This work primarily focuses on a computational investigation using density functional theory (DFT) to elucidate the relative free energies for various transition states and intermediates during the process of olefins copolymerization. The study examining key elementary steps, including chain initiation, chain propagation and chain termination (considering two potential pathways for the latter: β-hydride elimination and β-hydride transformation). The results indicate that the stability and steric bulk of the complexes can enhance the introduction of -F. For ethylene homo(co)polymerization, the introduction of one or more -F substituents on the backbone of the ligands tend to decrease the energy barriers. In contrast, variations in the substituents exert negligible effects on the activation barriers for ethylene/9-decen-1-ol copolymerization. A significant energy difference of approximately 8.8 kcal/mol was calculated between complexes bearing -CH₃ and -F substituents in the β-hydride elimination step. This relatively large energy span suggests a substantial influence on resulting polymer molecular weight. Collectively, these DFT calculations demonstrate the potential for predicting the activity of novel complexes within this family, thereby providing a valuable tool for designing new catalysts.
{"title":"Computational study on the copolymerization of α-olefins with polar monomer catalyzed by [N, P] Ti complexes: A DFT model for catalytic activity evaluation","authors":"Jiaojiao Zhang , Wenwen Cong , Yi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A detailed theoretical mechanistic study on the α-olefins polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomers catalyzed by [N, P] Ti complexes is presented. This work primarily focuses on a computational investigation using density functional theory (DFT) to elucidate the relative free energies for various transition states and intermediates during the process of olefins copolymerization. The study examining key elementary steps, including chain initiation, chain propagation and chain termination (considering two potential pathways for the latter: <em>β</em>-hydride elimination and <em>β-</em>hydride transformation). The results indicate that the stability and steric bulk of the complexes can enhance the introduction of -F. For ethylene homo(co)polymerization, the introduction of one or more -F substituents on the backbone of the ligands tend to decrease the energy barriers. In contrast, variations in the substituents exert negligible effects on the activation barriers for ethylene/9-decen-1-ol copolymerization. A significant energy difference of approximately 8.8 kcal/mol was calculated between complexes bearing -CH₃ and -F substituents in the <em>β-</em>hydride elimination step. This relatively large energy span suggests a substantial influence on resulting polymer molecular weight. Collectively, these DFT calculations demonstrate the potential for predicting the activity of novel complexes within this family, thereby providing a valuable tool for designing new catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"1043 ","pages":"Article 123904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123902
Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh , Ibrahim Saeed Gataa , Luma Hussain Saleh , M M Rekha , Subhashree Ray , Kattela Chennakesavulu , Renu Sharma , Wissam Aziz Yousif , Akmal Abilkasimov , Mutabar Latipova , M.A. Diab , Heba A. El-Sabban
This research presents an innovative method for designing and creating a polymeric composite platform derived from chitosan-xanthan gum polysaccharides (CS-XG) to encapsulate gold nanoparticles, leading to the development of a novel CS-XG/Au NPs nanocomposite. The CS-XG composite was formed through hydrogen bonding and further providing a natural framework that acts as a capping, reducing, and stabilizing agent for the formation of gold nanoparticles. The successful creation of the CS-XG/Au NPs was confirmed using a range of advanced analytical methodologies, including UV-Vis, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, elemental mapping, XRD and ICP-OES. TEM images indicated that the gold nanoparticles were spherical in shape, monodispersed, and had an approximate size of 40-50 nm. Following the characterization of CS-XG/Au NPs, its catalytic activity were successfully utilized in the reduction of various nitroarenes in an aqueous medium. Notably, the catalyst can be simply recovered and reused for at least 8 successive cycles with minimal loss of catalytic performance, highlighting its promise for sustainable and practical uses in green chemistry.
{"title":"Design and immobilized gold nanoparticles into the chitosan-xanthan gum polymers as a novel catalyst for efficient nitroarenes reduction in water","authors":"Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh , Ibrahim Saeed Gataa , Luma Hussain Saleh , M M Rekha , Subhashree Ray , Kattela Chennakesavulu , Renu Sharma , Wissam Aziz Yousif , Akmal Abilkasimov , Mutabar Latipova , M.A. Diab , Heba A. El-Sabban","doi":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents an innovative method for designing and creating a polymeric composite platform derived from chitosan-xanthan gum polysaccharides (CS-XG) to encapsulate gold nanoparticles, leading to the development of a novel CS-XG/Au NPs nanocomposite. The CS-XG composite was formed through hydrogen bonding and further providing a natural framework that acts as a capping, reducing, and stabilizing agent for the formation of gold nanoparticles. The successful creation of the CS-XG/Au NPs was confirmed using a range of advanced analytical methodologies, including UV-Vis, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, elemental mapping, XRD and ICP-OES. TEM images indicated that the gold nanoparticles were spherical in shape, monodispersed, and had an approximate size of 40-50 nm. Following the characterization of CS-XG/Au NPs, its catalytic activity were successfully utilized in the reduction of various nitroarenes in an aqueous medium. Notably, the catalyst can be simply recovered and reused for at least 8 successive cycles with minimal loss of catalytic performance, highlighting its promise for sustainable and practical uses in green chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"1043 ","pages":"Article 123902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123899
Manali Dutta
This review article chronicles a brief account of the oxidative carbon-carbon multiple bond cleavage reaction, the conventional and catalytic approaches and the drawbacks associated with these reactions. In this connection, the synthesis and characterization of various reported high-valent ruthenium-oxo/dioxo complexes and the indispensable roles played by these complexes in the oxidative transformation of alcohols, alkenes, alkynes and alkyl arenes have been described. The detailed mechanistic aspects of various ligand bound well defined high-valent ruthenium-oxo/dioxo intermediates and their utility as oxidant for variety of organic transformations have been discussed.
{"title":"High-valent ruthenium oxo/dioxo complexes and their mechanistic insights","authors":"Manali Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review article chronicles a brief account of the oxidative carbon-carbon multiple bond cleavage reaction, the conventional and catalytic approaches and the drawbacks associated with these reactions. In this connection, the synthesis and characterization of various reported high-valent ruthenium-oxo/dioxo complexes and the indispensable roles played by these complexes in the oxidative transformation of alcohols, alkenes, alkynes and alkyl arenes have been described. The detailed mechanistic aspects of various ligand bound well defined high-valent ruthenium-oxo/dioxo intermediates and their utility as oxidant for variety of organic transformations have been discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"1042 ","pages":"Article 123899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145359049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123897
J.W. Faller, Nikos Sarantopoulos, Jonathan Parr
The ions [(η6-cymene)Ru(μ-Cl)3]− and [L2(X)Ru(μ-Cl)3]1-/2− are direct analogs of the Kläui ligands and we have used these ligands as components in preparing ruthenium dimers, including (η6-cymene)Ru(μ-Cl)3Ru(BIPHEP)Cl. The conformations of the BIPHEP ligands in [NH2Et2][{RuCl(BIPHEP)}2(μ-Cl)3], however, have the potential of producing either homochiral (R,R) or (S,S) dimers or the (R,S) heterodimer. The crystal structure of this BIPHEP ruthenium complex shows a racemic mixture of (R,R) and (S,S) dimers, suggesting that the chirality in one half of the dimer strongly influences the stability of the chirality in the other half.
{"title":"Homochirality and chiral recognition in ruthenium complexes of the type [NH2Et2][{RuCl(P-P)}2(μ-Cl)3] where P-P = bidentate phosphine","authors":"J.W. Faller, Nikos Sarantopoulos, Jonathan Parr","doi":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jorganchem.2025.123897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ions [(η<sup>6</sup>-cymene)Ru(μ-Cl)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>−</sup> and [L<sub>2</sub>(X)Ru(μ-Cl)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>1-/2−</sup> are direct analogs of the Kläui ligands and we have used these ligands as components in preparing ruthenium dimers, including (η<sup>6</sup>-cymene)Ru(μ-Cl)<sub>3</sub>Ru(BIPHEP)Cl. The conformations of the BIPHEP ligands in [NH<sub>2</sub>Et<sub>2</sub>][{RuCl(BIPHEP)}<sub>2</sub>(μ-Cl)<sub>3</sub>], however, have the potential of producing either homochiral (<em>R,R</em>) or (<em>S,S</em>) dimers or the (<em>R,S</em>) heterodimer. The crystal structure of this BIPHEP ruthenium complex shows a racemic mixture of (<em>R,R</em>) and (<em>S,S</em>) dimers, suggesting that the chirality in one half of the dimer strongly influences the stability of the chirality in the other half.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":374,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"1043 ","pages":"Article 123897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}