Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijpt.2020.10031893
Rayudu Mannam, N. Vangala, S. Gorantla
{"title":"Realising ZVS and ZCS in a continuous conduction boost converter with boundary mode control","authors":"Rayudu Mannam, N. Vangala, S. Gorantla","doi":"10.1504/ijpt.2020.10031893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2020.10031893","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79379360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijpt.2020.10030329
B. Badreddine, M. Boesch, Jason Meyer, Q. Ahmed, G. Rizzoni, Tianpei Li
{"title":"Model-based electric traction drive resolver fault diagnosis for electrified vehicles","authors":"B. Badreddine, M. Boesch, Jason Meyer, Q. Ahmed, G. Rizzoni, Tianpei Li","doi":"10.1504/ijpt.2020.10030329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2020.10030329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82367666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-09DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2019.10022573
Wenfei Li, H. Du, Weihua Li
Traditionally, vehicle braking generally follows the driver's braking intention. It is impossible for the driver to work out the optimal braking trajectory. However, unmanned vehicle can decide when to brake and how to brake. In this paper, we propose a braking scheme for unmanned electric vehicles. It adopts different braking control strategy according to different braking conditions. When the situation is urgent, the vehicle adopts emergency braking. Otherwise, the vehicle adopts normal braking. In the case of normal braking, the vehicle can automatically set the optimal braking trajectory. The setting of the braking trajectory is based on the characteristics of the motor and vehicle states. When the vehicle follows the set braking trajectory, the electric vehicles can obtain the maximum braking energy recovery. The simulation results show that the proposed braking method is able to achieve the maximum braking energy recovery in the case of normal braking.
{"title":"A new braking strategy based on motor characteristics and vehicle dynamics for unmanned electric vehicles","authors":"Wenfei Li, H. Du, Weihua Li","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2019.10022573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2019.10022573","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, vehicle braking generally follows the driver's braking intention. It is impossible for the driver to work out the optimal braking trajectory. However, unmanned vehicle can decide when to brake and how to brake. In this paper, we propose a braking scheme for unmanned electric vehicles. It adopts different braking control strategy according to different braking conditions. When the situation is urgent, the vehicle adopts emergency braking. Otherwise, the vehicle adopts normal braking. In the case of normal braking, the vehicle can automatically set the optimal braking trajectory. The setting of the braking trajectory is based on the characteristics of the motor and vehicle states. When the vehicle follows the set braking trajectory, the electric vehicles can obtain the maximum braking energy recovery. The simulation results show that the proposed braking method is able to achieve the maximum braking energy recovery in the case of normal braking.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77020837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-09DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2019.10022564
A. Amrin, C. Spitas, G. Vasileiou, V. Spitas
This paper presents a reliability modelling framework for automotive powertrains using a specially developed algebra, where all powertrain components and design and performance parameters are represented as formal computational objects of an idea class. Unlike previous known frameworks for reliability modelling, such as FMEA, FTA or FBS, the present study constructs the reliability model of a given powertrain topology from the topology only and does not require manual input of constitutive/performance equations, or the definition of a hierarchy of failure events. This tool is particularly useful in early stages of the design process, where the reliability of several alternative topologies may need to be evaluated a priori but a full-scale FMEA, FTA or FBS analysis would be impractical.
{"title":"Automotive powertrain reliability modelling using an idea algebra","authors":"A. Amrin, C. Spitas, G. Vasileiou, V. Spitas","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2019.10022564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2019.10022564","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a reliability modelling framework for automotive powertrains using a specially developed algebra, where all powertrain components and design and performance parameters are represented as formal computational objects of an idea class. Unlike previous known frameworks for reliability modelling, such as FMEA, FTA or FBS, the present study constructs the reliability model of a given powertrain topology from the topology only and does not require manual input of constitutive/performance equations, or the definition of a hierarchy of failure events. This tool is particularly useful in early stages of the design process, where the reliability of several alternative topologies may need to be evaluated a priori but a full-scale FMEA, FTA or FBS analysis would be impractical.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75634637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-09DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2019.10022572
Lucas Bruck, A. Emadi, K. P. Divakarla
With the emerging trend of transportation electrification, energy management strategies have become of significant importance in automotive engineering. Control systems are developed with the objective to increase vehicle efficiency, thus lowering fuel consumption and harmful gas emissions. Both the methodology and tools for powertrain systems design as well as vehicle performance assessment are challenging with a constant necessity for improvement. For both aspects, the importance of developing realistic driving scenarios accounting for real and sometimes random driving conditions is irrefutable. This paper provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art technologies in energy management strategies (EMSs), highlighting how driving conditions and journey mapping can influence the performance of these systems. In addition, a review of vehicle simulators is performed emphasising how such tools could support the system level vehicle development.
{"title":"A review of the relevance of driving condition mapping and vehicle simulation for energy management system design","authors":"Lucas Bruck, A. Emadi, K. P. Divakarla","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2019.10022572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2019.10022572","url":null,"abstract":"With the emerging trend of transportation electrification, energy management strategies have become of significant importance in automotive engineering. Control systems are developed with the objective to increase vehicle efficiency, thus lowering fuel consumption and harmful gas emissions. Both the methodology and tools for powertrain systems design as well as vehicle performance assessment are challenging with a constant necessity for improvement. For both aspects, the importance of developing realistic driving scenarios accounting for real and sometimes random driving conditions is irrefutable. This paper provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art technologies in energy management strategies (EMSs), highlighting how driving conditions and journey mapping can influence the performance of these systems. In addition, a review of vehicle simulators is performed emphasising how such tools could support the system level vehicle development.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82186516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-03DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2019.099632
Jack Walker, I. Huerta, C. Oglieve, S. R. Bewsher, M. Mohammadpour
Fuel economy is a growing concern for both manufacturers within the automotive sector and consumers. Increasing government legislation is driving towards greener vehicles with reduced CO2 and NOx emissions and greater fuel economy, especially within urban environments. Manufacturers use new technologies in their powertrain systems to tackle these problems. This paper simulates and evaluates the performance of using a half toroidal CVT in series with a conventional multi-speed transmission, by analysing different shifting strategies to optimise fuel consumption and NOx emissions over the NEDC using this novel approach. The results show an 8.83% increase in fuel economy and up to an 11.34% reduction in NOx emissions is possible using this arrangement. The introduction of CVT adds a further 1.18% increase in fuel economy and 3.59% decrease in NOx emissions. The paper concludes that this novel arrangement should be considered by automotive manufacturers as a solution for improvements to powertrain technology.
{"title":"Fuel consumption and emission reduction by using a CVT in series with conventional multi-speed transmission","authors":"Jack Walker, I. Huerta, C. Oglieve, S. R. Bewsher, M. Mohammadpour","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2019.099632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2019.099632","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel economy is a growing concern for both manufacturers within the automotive sector and consumers. Increasing government legislation is driving towards greener vehicles with reduced CO2 and NOx emissions and greater fuel economy, especially within urban environments. Manufacturers use new technologies in their powertrain systems to tackle these problems. This paper simulates and evaluates the performance of using a half toroidal CVT in series with a conventional multi-speed transmission, by analysing different shifting strategies to optimise fuel consumption and NOx emissions over the NEDC using this novel approach. The results show an 8.83% increase in fuel economy and up to an 11.34% reduction in NOx emissions is possible using this arrangement. The introduction of CVT adds a further 1.18% increase in fuel economy and 3.59% decrease in NOx emissions. The paper concludes that this novel arrangement should be considered by automotive manufacturers as a solution for improvements to powertrain technology.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82643184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-03DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2019.099633
C. Spitas, A. Amani, V. Spitas, A. Akiltayev
Automotive powertrains are susceptible to noise and vibration borne from the dynamical excitation of the gear meshes, particularly at partial loads, such as whine and rattling. A novel design has been proposed, based on the subdivision of the power flow into parallel paths via a compact internal gear preloading subsystem. The design allows the real-time control of mesh stiffness, load sharing and backlash, thereby allowing the instantaneous optimisation of the dynamical response of the system and the elimination of rattling and whine at any torque and speed. This paper performs an analysis of the new topology and discusses some of its advantages over conventional and preloaded zero-backlash gear powertrain designs.
{"title":"Analysis of a novel actively controlled split path automotive gear powertrain topology","authors":"C. Spitas, A. Amani, V. Spitas, A. Akiltayev","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2019.099633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2019.099633","url":null,"abstract":"Automotive powertrains are susceptible to noise and vibration borne from the dynamical excitation of the gear meshes, particularly at partial loads, such as whine and rattling. A novel design has been proposed, based on the subdivision of the power flow into parallel paths via a compact internal gear preloading subsystem. The design allows the real-time control of mesh stiffness, load sharing and backlash, thereby allowing the instantaneous optimisation of the dynamical response of the system and the elimination of rattling and whine at any torque and speed. This paper performs an analysis of the new topology and discusses some of its advantages over conventional and preloaded zero-backlash gear powertrain designs.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90485333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-03DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2019.10021005
Jinlong Hong, B. Gao, Hong Chen
Torque interruption of automated manual transmission (AMT) electric vehicles (EVs) can be avoided by introducing a two-speed inverse AMT (I-AMT). An overrunning clutch is designed in this study to replace the traditional gear shift mechanism. The gear shift process of the introduced two-speed I-AMT with overrunning clutch can be divided into inertia and torque phases, and the control performance of the two phases greatly affects the overall shift quality. Unlike gear upshift, power-on gear downshift produces greater vehicle jerk due to its larger torque requirement. Thus, this study introduces the structure of the overrunning clutch and validates its dynamic characteristics. Then, the dynamics and control problems during power-on gear downshift are described in detail. A control scheme is also proposed, wherein optimal trajectory tracking control is used during the inertia phase and linear feedforward control is applied during the torque phase. Lastly, simulation results demonstrate that the seamless gear downshift of the proposed transmission can be realised whilst the shift shock is kept sufficiently small.
{"title":"Power-on gear downshift of electric vehicles using I-AMT with an overrunning clutch","authors":"Jinlong Hong, B. Gao, Hong Chen","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2019.10021005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2019.10021005","url":null,"abstract":"Torque interruption of automated manual transmission (AMT) electric vehicles (EVs) can be avoided by introducing a two-speed inverse AMT (I-AMT). An overrunning clutch is designed in this study to replace the traditional gear shift mechanism. The gear shift process of the introduced two-speed I-AMT with overrunning clutch can be divided into inertia and torque phases, and the control performance of the two phases greatly affects the overall shift quality. Unlike gear upshift, power-on gear downshift produces greater vehicle jerk due to its larger torque requirement. Thus, this study introduces the structure of the overrunning clutch and validates its dynamic characteristics. Then, the dynamics and control problems during power-on gear downshift are described in detail. A control scheme is also proposed, wherein optimal trajectory tracking control is used during the inertia phase and linear feedforward control is applied during the torque phase. Lastly, simulation results demonstrate that the seamless gear downshift of the proposed transmission can be realised whilst the shift shock is kept sufficiently small.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78609487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-03DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2019.10021002
Ilyas Beisekenov, C. Spitas, A. Amani, E. Tsolakis, V. Spitas
This paper presents an analysis of the contact and bending stresses of certain self-aligning automotive spur gear designs under various degrees of misalignment. The resulting deflection and stress fields are studied under quasi-static conditions and compared for different design variants. The proposed solution not only seems to eliminate the necessity to conduct gear tooth crowning, but also makes practical the increase of gear width and a corresponding reduction of the gear module, potentially further benefitting gear dynamics and efficiency.
{"title":"Stress analysis of self-aligning automotive gearing","authors":"Ilyas Beisekenov, C. Spitas, A. Amani, E. Tsolakis, V. Spitas","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2019.10021002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2019.10021002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis of the contact and bending stresses of certain self-aligning automotive spur gear designs under various degrees of misalignment. The resulting deflection and stress fields are studied under quasi-static conditions and compared for different design variants. The proposed solution not only seems to eliminate the necessity to conduct gear tooth crowning, but also makes practical the increase of gear width and a corresponding reduction of the gear module, potentially further benefitting gear dynamics and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81286598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-05DOI: 10.1504/IJPT.2019.098119
C. Oglieve, Gajarajan Sivayogan, M. Mohammadpour, H. Rahnejat
Gears are key components to the operation of many machines and mechanisms. However, their presence often affects system efficiency and can lead to noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) issues. Analyses described in open literature study tooth contact neglecting the effect of lubrication. In reality, contact mechanics and lubrication are closely inter-linked, requiring an integrated approach. This paper outlines a combined FEA-based TCA model with a lubricated contact mechanics analysis for real gear pairs measured from coordinate measuring machine (CMM), thus improving the prediction of gear pair efficiency, NVH and durability. An initial dry gear analysis with an estimated constant coefficient of friction in the contact is carried out. The results of this initial analysis provide input data for a subsequent tribological model in order to generate improved estimates of the contact friction for a new TCA. This approach leads to the integration of TCA and lubrication in an iterative manner.
{"title":"Lubricated loaded tooth contact analysis for spur gear pair","authors":"C. Oglieve, Gajarajan Sivayogan, M. Mohammadpour, H. Rahnejat","doi":"10.1504/IJPT.2019.098119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPT.2019.098119","url":null,"abstract":"Gears are key components to the operation of many machines and mechanisms. However, their presence often affects system efficiency and can lead to noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) issues. Analyses described in open literature study tooth contact neglecting the effect of lubrication. In reality, contact mechanics and lubrication are closely inter-linked, requiring an integrated approach. This paper outlines a combined FEA-based TCA model with a lubricated contact mechanics analysis for real gear pairs measured from coordinate measuring machine (CMM), thus improving the prediction of gear pair efficiency, NVH and durability. An initial dry gear analysis with an estimated constant coefficient of friction in the contact is carried out. The results of this initial analysis provide input data for a subsequent tribological model in order to generate improved estimates of the contact friction for a new TCA. This approach leads to the integration of TCA and lubrication in an iterative manner.","PeriodicalId":37550,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87525053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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