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Topology optimization of engine bracket arm using BESO 基于BESO的发动机托架臂拓扑优化
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2023003
S. Srivastava, S. Salunkhe, S. Pande
An engine bracket is one of the most critical components of the engine used for mounting and supporting the engine in the vehicles. Today, the automobile industry requires lightweight components, which will reduce the car's overall weight when fitted into the vehicle. Topology optimization is a technique with the help of which the surface of a component is optimized to get the required shape for having reduced weight. The weight is reduced by optimizing the material on the surface of the details. In this paper, the work done is the application of topology optimization on the surface of the engine bracket arm. Then the optimized model is tested computationally using realistic conditions. Bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization is used as a technique for topology optimization. With the help of the BESO method, the material optimization is done, and then the weights are compared with the original component. A new algorithm is developed using MATLAB codes. The sensitivity ratio is considered using the von Mises strength as a critical parameter for the BESO method for optimization. The optimized bracket model is then assembled with the hub of the component, and then the assembly is simulated for verification using standard conditions. A comparison of weight reduction is there using topology optimization.
发动机支架是发动机最关键的部件之一,用于在车辆中安装和支撑发动机。今天,汽车工业需要轻量化的部件,这将减少汽车的整体重量,当安装到车辆。拓扑优化是一种对零件表面进行优化以达到减轻重量所需形状的技术。通过优化细节表面的材料,减轻了重量。本文所做的工作是拓扑优化在发动机托架臂表面的应用。然后利用实际条件对优化后的模型进行了计算验证。采用双向进化结构优化技术进行拓扑优化。利用BESO法对材料进行了优化,并与原构件进行了权重比较。利用MATLAB编写了一种新的算法。采用von Mises强度作为BESO方法优化的关键参数,考虑了灵敏度比。将优化后的支架模型与部件轮毂进行装配,并在标准条件下对装配过程进行仿真验证。使用拓扑优化对减重进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal path finding in 3D environment: Application for the exhibition space through 3D visualization and BIM 三维环境下的最优寻径:通过三维可视化和BIM在展览空间中的应用
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2023008
Yimin Song
The application of 3D visualization technology in building construction has also increased. The study used Revit software to construct a 3D building information model (BIM) for the exhibition space of Chuzhou Higher Education City Development Collaborative Innovation Center to achieve a 3D visualization display; based on the 3D visualization, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to find the optimal path for the exhibition space, so as to achieve the layout design of the exhibition space. The PSO algorithm was optimized in terms of inertia weight, acceleration coefficient, and initial population to obtain the improved PSO (IPSO) algorithm. The experimental results showed that the optimal path found by the IPSO algorithm was 78.56 meters in distance, 98.2 seconds in time consumption, and 50.11% in smoothness, which were better than the other two algorithms. Meanwhile, the IPSO algorithm had a lower value of particle fitness function, indicating that the IPSO algorithm had the highest performance and the strongest path finding ability among the three algorithms. It is confirmed that it is feasible to use the IPSO algorithm for optimal visit path finding in 3D environment. It is effective to visualize the exhibition space in 3D by constructing a BIM.
三维可视化技术在建筑施工中的应用也越来越多。本研究利用Revit软件构建滁州高教城发展协同创新中心展示空间的三维建筑信息模型(BIM),实现三维可视化展示;在三维可视化的基础上,利用粒子群优化(PSO)算法寻找展示空间的最优路径,从而实现展示空间的布局设计。对粒子群算法进行惯性权重、加速度系数和初始种群优化,得到改进的粒子群算法(IPSO)。实验结果表明,IPSO算法找到的最优路径距离为78.56 m,耗时为98.2 s,平滑度为50.11%,优于其他两种算法。同时,IPSO算法的粒子适应度函数值较低,表明IPSO算法在三种算法中具有最高的性能和最强的寻路能力。验证了IPSO算法在三维环境下进行最优访问寻径的可行性。通过构建BIM,可以有效地将展览空间可视化成三维。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of microchannel heat exchanger based on channel geometry 基于通道几何的微通道换热器分析
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2022003
Mohammed Faris Tahasildar, S. Krishanmurthy
The use of air conditioning in heating ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) industry has risen steadily over the last few decades. The goal of the system is to provide a comfortable indoor environment by the process of removal or addition of heat. There are various systems and components which have been in constant use over the years and have evolved with the needs of the user and the environment too. In this research paper attempt have been made to study microchannel heat exchangers in condenser section of package units. The idea is to see how an increase in cross-sectional area through the microchannel increases the area of heat transfer. The effect of grooved cross-section which results in increase of rate of cooling for a fluid flowing through the channel have been studied. R-32 (Freon Refrigerant) is considered as refrigerant along with water for the study using CFD analysis. Two designs were considered for the study considering circular cross section and the grooved cross section considering the channel geometry. From the results of CFD analysis, it can be stated that grooved cross section has performed better in terms of heat transfer and temperature drop as compared to circular cross section.
在过去的几十年里,空调在采暖通风和空调(HVAC)行业的使用稳步上升。该系统的目标是通过去除或增加热量的过程提供舒适的室内环境。多年来,各种系统和组件一直在不断使用,并随着用户和环境的需求而发展。本文对机组冷凝器段的微通道换热器进行了研究。这个想法是为了看看通过微通道的横截面积的增加是如何增加传热面积的。研究了沟槽截面对流体冷却速率的影响。采用CFD分析方法,将R-32(氟利昂制冷剂)与水一起作为制冷剂。研究中考虑了两种设计,一种是圆形截面设计,另一种是沟槽截面设计。从CFD分析结果可以看出,槽形截面在换热降温方面优于圆形截面。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of the impact measurement of market structure on liquidity and volatility 市场结构对流动性和波动性影响测度的优化
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2021040
Sara Rhouas, Mustapha Bouchekourte, Norelislam El Hami
Liquidity and volatility are the two barometers that allow stock markets to appreciate in terms of attractiveness, profitability and efficiency. Several macroeconomic and microstructure variables condition the level of liquidity that directly impact the asset allocation decisions of different investor profiles − institutional and individuals − and therefore the dynamics of the market as a whole. Volatility is the regulatory component that provides information on the level of risk that characterizes the market. Thus, the appreciation of these two elements is of considerable help to fund managers looking to optimize their equity pockets. In this work, we will use the liquidity ratio as a proxy variable for the liquidity of the Moroccan stock market, to estimate the indicators and factors that determine its short- and long-term variability. The appropriate econometric method would be to estimate an error correction vector model (ECVM) which has the property of determining the long- and short-term relationships between the variables. The volatility of the MASI index will be the subject of a second estimate to capture the shape of the function of its evolution.
流动性和波动性是股市在吸引力、盈利能力和效率方面升值的两个晴雨表。几个宏观经济和微观结构变量决定了流动性水平,这些流动性直接影响到不同投资者(机构投资者和个人投资者)的资产配置决策,从而影响到整个市场的动态。波动性是监管成分,它提供了有关市场特征的风险水平的信息。因此,这两个因素的升值对寻求优化股票投资的基金经理有相当大的帮助。在这项工作中,我们将使用流动性比率作为摩洛哥股票市场流动性的代理变量,以估计决定其短期和长期变异性的指标和因素。适当的计量经济学方法是估计误差修正向量模型(ECVM),该模型具有确定变量之间长期和短期关系的性质。MASI指数的波动性将是第二次估计的主题,以捕捉其演变函数的形状。
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引用次数: 2
Air flow analysis of 20 hp three phase induction motor 20马力三相异步电动机气流分析
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2022012
Anuprita Bhosale, Sathyanarayanan Nandagopal, D. Jebaseelan, S. Ramasami, Lenin Natesan Chokkalingam
The present work deals with steady state air flow analysis of electric motor having 20 hp rating running at 1450 rpm. The motor is being used to run the belt pull system to drive the exhaust fan in the industry. Air flow analysis of electric motor is carried out to predict temperature distribution over the motor. The modeling of the complete motor is done in CATIA. Meshing of whole geometry is done in ICEM CFD14.5. Results are obtained using FLUENT. In this research only copper losses and iron losses are taken into consideration based on the output obtained from electrical simulation software. The copper and iron losses are found out from electromagnetic analysis using Motorsolve software. Losses are treated as heat source or input to find out temperature distribution. To improve the accuracy, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is performed by considering the air flow around casing and fins and thermal generation due to the losses. It is observed that there is a significant rise in temperature on casing and on fins for 30 °C ambient temperature.
本文研究额定功率为20马力、转速为1450转的电动机的稳态气流分析。电机在工业上被用来运行皮带牵引系统来驱动排气扇。对电动机进行气流分析,预测电动机的温度分布。在CATIA中完成了整个电机的建模。整个几何体的网格划分在ICEM CFD14.5中完成。使用FLUENT计算结果。在本研究中,基于电仿真软件的输出,只考虑了铜损耗和铁损耗。利用Motorsolve软件进行电磁分析,计算出铜和铁的损耗。将损耗作为热源或输入来计算温度分布。为了提高精度,计算流体力学(CFD)分析考虑了机匣和翅片周围的气流以及损失产生的热量。可以观察到,在30℃的环境温度下,套管和翅片上的温度显著升高。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of human–human virus transmission in an air-conditioned room with proper ventilation system 在有适当通风系统的空调室内,人与人之间病毒传播的影响
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2022013
Chalumuru Manas, Pusapati Laxmi Narasimha Raju, Kethavarapu Naga Bharat Kumar, H. Rajan
As we are probably aware of certain infectious diseases that transmit from body to body because of perspiration or respiration of air from a human being containing strains of the infection, the goal of this investigation is to see how the infection is getting spread from a human residing in a closed area provided with air conditioner and with an appropriate ventilation framework that need to be involved to diminish infection dissemination in this enclosed area. Considering the present COVID-19 situation, it is important to discover the effect of infection spread to an individual contagion source. An appropriate CFD-model giving analysis of infection transmission from individual to individual in an air-conditioned room would give results to understand such situations. Likewise, this examination would help in determining the velocity, temperature, and particle contours in a characterized walled area. Besides, we have displayed various nooks utilizing different ventilation frameworks to discover which framework would give better outcomes to decrease infection transmission. Our investigation would provide how varying flow rates in a room at an outlet could be effective in reducing virus dissemination, as this model could be applied to cafes, cinemas, inns, and above all emergency clinics where individuals remain in an enclosed air-conditioned room.
由于我们可能已经意识到某些传染病是通过携带感染菌株的人的汗水或呼吸空气在人体之间传播的,因此本调查的目的是了解居住在有空调和适当通风框架的封闭区域的人是如何传播感染的,这些通风框架需要参与进来,以减少该封闭区域的感染传播。考虑到当前新冠疫情的情况,发现感染传播对单个传染源的影响是很重要的。一个适当的cfd模型分析了空调房间中个体之间的感染传播,可以得出理解这种情况的结果。同样,这种检查将有助于确定一个特征壁面区域的速度、温度和粒子轮廓。此外,我们展示了使用不同通风框架的各种角落,以发现哪种框架可以更好地减少感染传播。我们的调查将提供在出口房间内不同的流量如何有效减少病毒传播,因为该模型可以应用于咖啡馆、电影院、旅馆,尤其是个人留在封闭空调房间的急诊诊所。
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引用次数: 0
Minimizing the variance of the coverage ratio as an approach to optimize the exchange rate risk of Brent futures contracts 将承保比率的方差最小化作为优化布伦特期货合约汇率风险的一种方法
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2022006
Mustapha Bouchekourte, Sara Rhouas, Norelislam El Hami
Derivatives markets show that their structure is always characterized by periods of strong price fluctuations. This is true regardless of the underlying asset of the futures contracts considered, whether they are commodities, interest rates, exchange rates, shares, stock market indices, etc. By locking in future prices, the primary objective of these markets is to limit the risks faced by operators. This article proposes a new method of optimizing the coverage ratio by futures contracts to minimize price variance and thus apply this new technique to reduce the risk associated with Brent price volatility for the period from January 2010 to December 2020. The variance minimization model of Ederington's (1979) is the first and most widely used coverage model and the one that dominates the literature on this area which helps to find the optimal coverage ratio, and is also the objective function in our particle assay optimization algorithm in MATLAB and we will better interpret our results with statistical analysis and lastly, we will evaluate the effectiveness of the coverage model.
衍生品市场表明,它们的结构总是以价格剧烈波动的时期为特征。无论期货合约的标的资产是什么,无论是商品、利率、汇率、股票、股票市场指数等,都是如此。通过锁定未来价格,这些市场的主要目标是限制运营商面临的风险。本文提出了一种优化期货合约覆盖率的新方法,以最大限度地减少价格差异,从而应用这种新技术来降低2010年1月至2020年12月期间布伦特原油价格波动的相关风险。Ederington's(1979)的方差最小化模型是第一个也是使用最广泛的覆盖模型,也是该领域文献中占主导地位的覆盖模型,它有助于找到最优的覆盖率,也是我们在MATLAB中粒子分析优化算法中的目标函数,我们将通过统计分析更好地解释我们的结果,最后我们将评估覆盖模型的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Prediction and optimization of performance and emission characteristics of a dual fuel engine using machine learning 利用机器学习预测和优化双燃料发动机的性能和排放特性
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2022002
K. Karunamurthy, M. Feroskhan, G. Suganya, Ismail Saleel
The current research in engine, fuel and lubricant development are aiming towards environmental protection by reducing the harmful emissions. The testing under various conditions becomes mandatory before releasing product to meet the sustainable development goals of United Nations. This experimentation and testing under various operating conditions is time-consuming and tiresome process; it also leads to wastage of manpower, money, precious time and scarce resources. Intelligent techniques like Machine Learning (ML) has proven it's usage in almost all domains, trying to simulate the results as trained. This advantage is used to predict the performance and emission characteristics of a dual fuel engine. In this study, the experimental data are obtained from a single cylinder CI engine by operating under dual fuel mode using biogas and diesel as primary and secondary fuel respectively. The input parameters such as biogas flow rate, methane fraction (MF), torque and intake temperature are considered to predict the output parameters. The output parameters of the study includes performance attributes Brake thermal efficiency, secondary fuel energy ratio, and emissions attributes HC, CO, NOx and smoke. The proposed model uses Random forest Regressor and is trained using 324 distinct experiences recorded through physical experimentation. The model is validated using R2 score which is observed to be 0.997 for the given dataset while trained and tested in the ratio of 85:15. The outputs of the model are used to compute the output data for any new values of input attributes. The optimized values of the input parameters that could give maximum thermal efficiency and minimum emission is found using Lagrangian optimization. The optimized values are 12.48 Nm torque, 8.29 lit/min of biogas flow rate, methane fraction of 72.8%, intake temperature of 68.3 °C.
目前,发动机、燃油和润滑油的研究都以减少有害物质的排放来保护环境为目标。为了满足联合国的可持续发展目标,产品发布前必须进行各种条件下的测试。在各种操作条件下进行实验和测试是一个耗时且令人厌倦的过程;它还导致人力、金钱、宝贵时间和稀缺资源的浪费。像机器学习(ML)这样的智能技术已经证明了它在几乎所有领域的用途,试图模拟训练后的结果。这一优势被用于预测双燃料发动机的性能和排放特性。在本研究中,实验数据是在一台单缸CI发动机上,分别以沼气和柴油为一次和二次燃料,在双燃料模式下运行。考虑了沼气流量、甲烷分数(MF)、扭矩和进气温度等输入参数来预测输出参数。本研究的输出参数包括性能属性制动热效率、二次燃料能量比、排放属性HC、CO、NOx和smoke。所提出的模型使用随机森林回归器,并通过物理实验记录324种不同的经验进行训练。使用R2分数对模型进行验证,在以85:15的比例进行训练和测试时,观察到给定数据集的R2分数为0.997。模型的输出用于计算输入属性的任何新值的输出数据。利用拉格朗日优化算法求出热效率最大、辐射最小的输入参数的最优值。优化后的扭矩为12.48 Nm,沼气流量为8.29 lit/min,沼气馏分为72.8%,进气温度为68.3℃。
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引用次数: 1
Design and analysis of shell and tube heat exchanger 管壳式换热器的设计与分析
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2022005
Erica Jacqueline Fernandes, S. Krishanmurthy
The demand for consumption of energy in industries has made designers to build efficient heat transfer exchangers. One of the most used heat exchangers which supports this is the shell and tube heat exchangers which are built for effective heat transfer. These heat exchangers are widely utilized in the HVAC industries especially in chiller plants due to their large surface for heat transfer. So, design of these chillers is influenced by the selection of material. This research paper discusses the design and analysis of shell and tube heat exchangers by considering different material and their ability to transfer heat from the surface. So, baffles play an important role to analyze the performance of the heat exchangers and it is possible to improve their heat transfer capabilities. So, in this research paper baffle spacing and its effect on heat transfer has been analyzed using CFD analysis and compared these results with the theoretical analysis. The Design and modelling of the heat exchanger have been modelled using PTC Creo parametric and using ANSYS Fluent CFD analysis have been carried out considering copper, aluminum, and steel as the materials. From this analysis it can be stated that copper has performed well as compared to aluminum and steel by using minimum baffle spacing.
工业中对能源消耗的需求促使设计人员建造高效的热交换器。最常用的热交换器之一是壳管热交换器,它是为有效的传热而建造的。这些热交换器广泛应用于暖通空调行业,特别是在冷水机组中,由于它们的大表面传热。因此,这些冷却器的设计受到材料选择的影响。本文在考虑不同材料及其表面传热能力的基础上,对管壳式换热器进行了设计与分析。因此,挡板对分析换热器的性能起着重要的作用,可以提高换热器的换热性能。因此,本文采用CFD分析方法对折流板间距及其对换热的影响进行了分析,并与理论分析结果进行了比较。采用PTC Creo参数对换热器的设计和建模进行了建模,并利用ANSYS Fluent对铜、铝和钢三种材料进行了CFD分析。从这个分析可以看出,与铝和钢相比,使用最小的挡板间距,铜的性能更好。
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引用次数: 3
Corrigendum to: Numerical Simulation and Experimentation of Endodontic File using Taguchi DoE 使用田口DoE进行牙髓锉的数值模拟和实验的勘误
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2021044
Pravin R. Lokhande, S. Salunkhe, Balaguru Sethuraman
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization
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