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Optimization of milling speed and time in mechanical alloying of ferritic ODS steel through taguchi technique 田口法优化铁素体ODS钢机械合金化的铣削速度和时间
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2021029
Ganesan Dharmalingam, M. A. Prasad, S. Salunkhe
The oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels are one of the most important in fuel cladding materials for 4th Generation nuclear reactors because of their excellent mechanical properties such as irradiation resistance, swelling resistance, and elevated temperature tensile/compressive strength. Mechanical alloying (MA) is one of the most promising routes for developing nanocrystalline ferritic ODS steel materials. For the production of nanocrystalline ferritic ODS steel powders, the most influencing factor is the milling speed and milling time during the mechanical alloying process. With the improper selection of milling time and speed, the final milled powders become an amorphous structure consisting of high impurity inclusions in the microstructure, and strength was also affected. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the present investigation was taken into account for the selection of appropriate mechanical milling speed and time, which was optimized through Taguchi analysis followed by the MA process. The optimized mechanical milling speed and time of milled powders were characterized through X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
氧化物弥散强化铁素体钢具有优异的耐辐照、抗膨胀、高温抗拉/抗压等力学性能,是第四代核反应堆燃料包壳材料中最重要的材料之一。机械合金化是发展纳米铁素体ODS钢材料最有前途的途径之一。对于纳米晶铁素体ODS钢粉的生产,机械合金化过程中影响最大的因素是铣削速度和铣削时间。由于粉磨时间和速度选择不当,最终粉磨成微观结构中杂质含量较高的非晶态结构,强度也受到影响。为了克服这些缺点,本研究考虑了适当的机械铣削速度和时间的选择,并通过田口分析和MA工艺对其进行了优化。通过x射线衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对优化后的机械磨粉速度和磨粉时间进行了表征。
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引用次数: 2
Optimization of UAV structure and evaluation of vibrational and fatigue characteristics through simulation studies 基于仿真研究的无人机结构优化与振动疲劳特性评估
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2021020
Ashraf Mahmud Rayed, B. Esakki, A. Ponnambalam, S. C. Banik, Karim Aly
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) is generic air vehicles that are significantly developed for military and civil purposes. In recent times, advancements in the field of UAVs are exceptional and tremendous. Nevertheless, numerous researches have been performed mainly to reduce the weight of the UAV structure. The flight time and allowable payload rely on the UAV structure's weight, which is considered a significant factor. Hence, in this paper, the UAV model's static structural behavior is cultivated utilizing the morals of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to determine the total deformation and Von-mises stress. Three different polymer materials, namely Poly Lactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), and Polyamide (PA), are chosen for FEA analysis of 3D printed UAV structure. The thrust generated from the motors varies from 2 kg to 5 kg, and an evaluation of structural strength characteristics is performed. The FEA study has shown that maximum deformation and maximum stress are obtained at the propeller casings and the basement of the structure, respectively. After comparing the details on deformation and stress from all three materials, the research also reveals that PLA is the best material for conception. Furthermore, topological optimization is performed on the UAV structure to reduce mass and minimize stress without compromising mechanical strength. The vibrational and fatigue characteristics of optimized UAV structure is examined. The unified body of the UAV frame will reduce the assembly time and make manufacturing much more effortless.
无人驾驶飞行器(UAV)是一种通用的飞行器,主要用于军事和民用目的。近年来,无人机领域取得了巨大的进步。然而,大量的研究主要是为了减轻无人机结构的重量。飞行时间和允许有效载荷取决于无人机结构的重量,这被认为是一个重要的因素。因此,本文利用有限元分析(FEA)的道德来培养无人机模型的静力结构行为,以确定总变形和冯-米塞斯应力。选择聚乳酸(PLA)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)和聚酰胺(PA)三种不同的聚合物材料对3D打印无人机结构进行有限元分析。电机产生的推力从2公斤到5公斤不等,并对结构强度特性进行了评估。有限元分析结果表明,该结构的最大变形和最大应力分别出现在螺旋桨壳体和底部。在比较了三种材料的变形和应力细节后,研究还表明聚乳酸是最适合受孕的材料。此外,在不影响机械强度的情况下,对无人机结构进行了拓扑优化,以减少质量和最小化应力。对优化后的无人机结构进行了振动和疲劳特性分析。无人机框架的统一本体将减少装配时间,使制造更加省力。
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引用次数: 0
Design and analysis of disc brake system in high speed vehicles 高速车辆盘式制动系统的设计与分析
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/SMDO/2021019
Anil Babu Seelam, Nabil Hussain, S. Krishanmurthy
Brakes are the most important component of any automobile. Brakes provide the ability to reduce or bring automobile to a complete stop. The process of braking is usually achieved by applying pressure to the brake discs. The main objective of this research paper is to propose an appropriate design and to perform analysis of a suitable brake rotor to enhance the performance of the high-speed car. The design of the brake disc is modelled using Solid works and the analysis is carried out using Ansys software. The analysis has been conducted by considering stainless steel and grey cast iron using same brake rotor design so that optimal choice of brake disc can be considered. The analysis considered involves static structural analysis and steady state thermal analysis considering specific parameters on brake rotor to increase the life of brake rotor. From the analysis it is found that the performance and life of disc brake depends upon heat dissipation. From the analysis results it can be concluded that grey cast iron has performed better as compared to stainless steel as this material has anti-fade properties which improves the life of the brake rotor.
刹车是任何汽车最重要的部件。刹车提供了减少或使汽车完全停止的能力。制动过程通常是通过对制动盘施加压力来实现的。本文的主要目的是提出一种合适的制动转子设计方案,并对其进行分析,以提高高速汽车的制动性能。利用solidworks对制动盘的设计进行了建模,并利用Ansys软件进行了分析。考虑不锈钢和灰口铸铁采用同一制动转子设计进行分析,从而考虑制动盘的最佳选择。考虑的分析包括静态结构分析和稳态热分析,考虑制动转子的特定参数,以提高制动转子的寿命。从分析中发现,盘式制动器的性能和寿命取决于散热。从分析结果可以得出结论,灰口铸铁的性能优于不锈钢,因为这种材料具有抗褪色性能,提高了制动转子的寿命。
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引用次数: 5
Computer graphics and visual computing use cases for Industry 4.0 and Operator 4.0 工业4.0和操作员4.0的计算机图形和视觉计算用例
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2021026
J. Posada, I. Barandiaran, Jairo R. Sánchez, Daniel Mejia-Parra, A. Moreno, M. Ojer, O. Ruiz-Salguero
In the context of smart manufacturing, the concept of Visual Computing is a key enabling technology for Industry 4.0. Visual Computing and Physically-based simulation enables the implementation of interactive, visual and (in most cases) non-disruptive solutions within the context of (a) the production process (off-line or in-line) the shop floor, (b) the interaction with customers and clients in the whole value chain, and/or (c) the product-service schemas. Technologies such as Industrial Big Data, Human-Robot Collaboration, IIOT & 5G, Cybersecurity, Cyber-Physical Systems, Semantic Technologies, Visual Computing and other related technologies have a strong impact in the new ways smart manufacturing is reconfiguring the production. This article presents a theoretical framework for the incorporation of Visual Computing and Physically-based Simulation technologies to Industry 4.0 and Operator 4.0 scenarios. This framework has been already implemented and supports different smart manufacturing scenarios, already running in many SME. Three practical study case scenarios (already deployed into SMEs) are presented and discussed.
在智能制造的背景下,视觉计算的概念是工业4.0的关键使能技术。视觉计算和基于物理的仿真能够在(a)车间的生产过程(离线或在线),(b)与整个价值链中的客户和客户的交互,和/或(c)产品服务模式的背景下实现交互式,可视化和(在大多数情况下)非破坏性解决方案。工业大数据、人机协作、工业物联网和5G、网络安全、网络物理系统、语义技术、视觉计算等相关技术对智能制造重新配置生产的新方式产生了强烈影响。本文提出了将视觉计算和基于物理的仿真技术结合到工业4.0和操作员4.0场景的理论框架。该框架已经实施并支持不同的智能制造场景,已经在许多中小企业中运行。提出并讨论了三个实际的研究案例场景(已经部署到中小企业中)。
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引用次数: 1
Ant colony optimization with semi random initialization for nurse rostering problem 护士值勤问题的半随机初始化蚁群优化
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2021030
Said Achmad, Antoni Wibowo, Diana Diana
A nurse rostering problem is an NP-Hard problem that is difficult to solve during the complexity of the problem. Since good scheduling is the schedule that fulfilled the hard constraint and minimizes the violation of soft constraint, a lot of approaches is implemented to improve the quality of the schedule. This research proposed an improvement on ant colony optimization with semi-random initialization for nurse rostering problems. Semi-random initialization is applied to avoid violation of the hard constraint, and then the violation of soft constraint will be minimized using ant colony optimization. Semi-random initialization will improve the construction solution phase by assigning nurses directly to the shift that is related to the hard constraint, so the violation of hard constraint will be avoided from the beginning part. The scheduling process will complete by pheromone value by giving weight to the rest available shift during the ant colony optimization process. This proposed method is tested using a real-world problem taken from St. General Hospital Elisabeth. The objective function is formulated to minimize the violation of the constraints and balance nurse workload. The performance of the proposed method is examined by using different dimension problems, with the same number of ant and iteration. The proposed method is also compared to conventional ant colony optimization and genetic algorithm for performance comparison. The experiment result shows that the proposed method performs better with small to medium dimension problems. The semi-random initialization is a success to avoid violation of the hard constraint and minimize the objective value by about 24%. The proposed method gets the lowest objective value with 0,76 compared to conventional ant colony optimization with 124 and genetic algorithm with 1.
护士名册问题是NP-Hard问题,在问题的复杂性中难以解决。由于好的调度是在满足硬约束的同时最大限度地减少对软约束的违反,因此人们采用了许多方法来提高调度的质量。本文提出了一种改进的半随机初始化蚁群算法。采用半随机初始化方法避免对硬约束的违反,然后采用蚁群优化方法使对软约束的违反最小化。半随机初始化通过将护士直接分配到与硬约束相关的班次,改善了施工解决阶段,从一开始就避免了违反硬约束的情况。蚁群优化过程中,信息素值通过对剩余可用位移赋值来完成调度过程。这一建议的方法是测试使用从圣总医院伊丽莎白现实世界的问题。制定目标函数,最大限度地减少违反约束,平衡护士工作量。采用相同的蚁数和迭代数,对不同维数的问题进行了性能测试。并与传统蚁群算法和遗传算法进行了性能比较。实验结果表明,该方法对中小维问题有较好的处理效果。半随机初始化成功地避免了硬约束的违反,使目标值降低了约24%。与传统蚁群优化的124和遗传算法的1相比,该方法获得的目标值最低,为0.76。
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引用次数: 3
A comparative study of three new parallel models based on the PSO algorithm 基于粒子群算法的三种新型并行模型的比较研究
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2019022
M. Zemzami, Norelislam El Hami, M. Itmi, N. Hmina
Meta-heuristic PSO has limits, such as premature convergence and high running time, especially for complex optimization problems. In this paper, a description of three parallel models based on the PSO algorithm is developed, on the basis of combining two concepts: parallelism and neighborhood, which are designed according to three different approaches in order to avoid the two disadvantages of the PSO algorithm. The third model, SPM (Spherical-neighborhood Parallel Model), is designed to improve the obtained results from the two parallel NPM (Neighborhood Parallel Model) and MPM (Multi-PSO Parallel Model) models. The experimental results presented in this paper show that SPM model performed much better than both NPM and MPM models in terms of computing time and solution quality.
元启发式粒子群算法存在收敛过早、运行时间长等局限性,尤其是在复杂的优化问题上。本文在结合并行性和邻域这两个概念的基础上,对基于PSO算法的三个并行模型进行了描述,并根据三种不同的方法进行了设计,以避免PSO算法存在的两个缺点。第三个模型SPM(Spherical neighborhood Parallel model)是为了改进两个并行NPM(neighborhood并行模型)和MPM(Multi-PSO并行模型)模型的结果而设计的。实验结果表明,SPM模型在计算时间和求解质量方面都比NPM和MPM模型好得多。
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引用次数: 4
The frame optimization and validation of resistance spot welding gun 电阻点焊焊枪的结构优化与验证
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2020016
Ji Hong, Kwang-Hee Lee, Chul-Hee Lee
Resistance spot welding gun is generally used to bond parts in the automotive and consumer electronics industries. In the automotive industry, chassis assembly operations use resistance spot welding. High production speeds allow for mass production and automation, resulting in diverse uses of resistance spot welding. To automate the welding process, it is mounted on a multi-joint robot and the welding gun is designed considering the specifications of the robot. High-strength structural design is needed to prevent deformation during pressurization, but the weight of the weld gun affects the efficiency of the robot. For this reason, it is necessary to design a welding gun with high stiffness and light weight. In this study, the analysis is carried out to measure the stress and deformation amount of weld gun. Optimization for weight reduction is performed by genetic algorithm method and topology optimization. The optimization of the resistance spot weld gun frame is performed, and the optimized model is verified through experimental verification. The production cost of industry has been reduced through the high stiffness and light weight of welding gun.
电阻点焊枪通常用于粘合汽车和消费电子行业的零件。在汽车工业中,底盘组装操作使用电阻点焊。高生产速度允许大批量生产和自动化,导致电阻点焊的多种用途。为了实现焊接过程的自动化,将其安装在多关节机器人上,并根据机器人的规格设计焊枪。为了防止加压过程中的变形,需要进行高强度的结构设计,但焊枪的重量会影响机器人的工作效率。为此,有必要设计一种刚度高、重量轻的焊枪。在本研究中,对焊枪的应力和变形量进行了测量分析。采用遗传算法和拓扑优化方法进行减重优化。对电阻点焊枪架进行了优化,并通过实验验证了优化模型的正确性。焊枪的高刚度和轻量化降低了工业生产成本。
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引用次数: 0
Agent-based modelling and simulation for ship unloading processes: determining the number of trucks and container cranes 船舶卸载过程基于智能体的建模与仿真:确定卡车和集装箱起重机的数量
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2020009
F. Ramadhan, A. Imran, A. F. Rizana, Liane Okdinawati
Loading and unloading activities generate nearly fifty per cent of the total cost in port. The loading and unloading process of the container at the port is considered as a complex process since it involves several interrelated components, such as ships, cranes, and trucks. The uncertainty of these component activities might impact the loading and unloading time and cost. Agent-based modelling and simulation (ABMS) approach is a method for analyzing and modelling a complex system. This study aims to simulate the unloading process to determine a strategy to reduces unloading process time in the largest port in Indonesian using ABMS approach. The results show that the agent-based simulation approach is feasible to be applied in port activities. This approach can assist decision-makers in predicting the number of facilities that must be used to minimize processing time.
装卸活动占港口总成本的近50%。集装箱在港口的装卸过程被认为是一个复杂的过程,因为它涉及到几个相互关联的部件,如船舶、起重机和卡车。这些组件活动的不确定性可能会影响加载和卸载的时间和成本。基于智能体的建模与仿真(ABMS)方法是一种对复杂系统进行分析和建模的方法。本研究旨在模拟卸载过程,以确定一种策略,以减少卸载过程时间在印度尼西亚最大的港口使用ABMS方法。结果表明,基于智能体的仿真方法在港口活动仿真中是可行的。这种方法可以帮助决策者预测必须使用的设施数量,以最大限度地减少处理时间。
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引用次数: 1
Influence of geometric variables on spur gear volume 几何变量对正齿轮体积的影响
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2020003
Edmund S. Maputi, R. Arora
Gear system optimization is currently topical amongst researchers. To this end, problem formulation is key and therefore knowledge of parameter influence and variation behaviour is indispensable. In this research work, four gear volume models were investigated for volume minimization while considering six variables viz. face width, module, pinion tooth, hardness, and pinion and gear shaft diameters. Three algorithms viz. teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and firefly algorithm (FA) are employed to obtain the optimal volume and design parameter variation study. The convergence rate of each algorithm for each gear model is contrasted against other algorithms applied in the study. Experimental runs have also been conducted to determine standard deviation and mean values. Variation studies on the volume objective reflect relevant observations noted for parameter setting and optimization. The results obtained can assist the designer in setting designer preferences with minimal resources expended thereby improving the problem-solving exercise.
齿轮系统优化是目前研究人员的热门话题。为此,问题的表述是关键,因此,参数影响和变化行为的知识是必不可少的。在此研究工作中,研究了四种齿轮体积模型,同时考虑了六个变量,即面宽,模块,小齿轮齿,硬度,小齿轮和齿轮轴直径,以实现体积最小化。采用基于教学学习的优化算法(TLBO)、粒子群优化算法(PSO)和萤火虫算法(FA)三种算法获得最优体积和设计参数变化研究。并将每种算法对每种齿轮模型的收敛速度与研究中应用的其他算法进行了对比。还进行了实验运行,以确定标准差和平均值。体积物镜的变化研究反映了参数设置和优化所注意的相关观察结果。所获得的结果可以帮助设计者以最小的资源消耗来设置设计者的偏好,从而改进问题解决的练习。
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引用次数: 0
Optimality and duality for nonsmooth semi-infinite E-convex multi-objective programming with support functions 具有支持函数的非光滑半无限E-凸多目标规划的最优性和对偶性
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2020-01-11 DOI: 10.1051/smdo/2020011
Tarek Emam
In this paper, we study a nonsmooth semi-infinite multi-objective E-convex programming problem involving support functions. We derive sufficient optimality conditions for the primal problem. We formulate Mond-Weir type dual for the primal problem and establish weak and strong duality theorems under various generalized E-convexity assumptions.
本文研究了一个包含支持函数的非光滑半无限多目标E-凸规划问题。我们得到了原始问题的充分最优性条件。我们为原始问题建立了Mond-Weir型对偶,并在各种广义E-凸性假设下建立了弱对偶和强对偶定理。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization
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