Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n1.79059
Álvaro Cañadas-López, Diana Rade-Loor, M. Siegmund-Schultze, J. Vargas-Hernández, C. Wehenkel
Jatropha seed is a biomass suitable for bioenergy production that can be produced by smallholders, even on marginal lands. However, the current oilseed production is too low to meet the needs of the planned renewable electricity system in the Galapagos Islands. Pruning and fertilization are management options that can be used to increase the dry seed yields. The effects of both treatments were tested in a split-plot design with jatropha trees, which were monitored during a three-year production period. The average seed production was 643±58 kg ha-1 year-1 in the unpruned trees and 696±50 kg ha-1 year-1 in the pruned trees. Although this difference is small, it is expected to increase over time. The pruned trees developed more slowly than the unpruned trees but showed higher (and still increasing) yields at the end of the three-year test period, while the unpruned trees appeared to have reached their maximum production by the second year of the trial. The low fertilizer doses approved by the smallholders did not have a significant impact on the dry seed yield, and the management options that show benefits in the long term are generally not accepted or adopted by them. Cost-effective nutrient enhancement should be investigated, such as inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
麻疯树种子是一种适合于生物能源生产的生物质，可以由小农生产，甚至可以在边缘土地上生产。然而，目前的油籽产量太低，无法满足加拉帕戈斯群岛计划中的可再生电力系统的需求。修剪和施肥是可用于提高干种子产量的管理选择。两种处理的效果在麻疯树的分块设计中进行了测试，并在三年的生产期间对其进行了监测。未修剪树木的平均种子产量为643±58 kg ha-1 -1，修剪树木的平均种子产量为696±50 kg ha-1 -1。虽然这种差异很小，但预计会随着时间的推移而增加。修剪过的树比未修剪过的树发育得慢，但在三年试验期结束时显示出更高的产量(而且仍在增加)，而未修剪过的树似乎在试验的第二年达到了最高产量。小农批准的低施肥剂量对干种子产量没有显著影响，而显示长期效益的管理方案一般不被他们接受或采用。应研究具有成本效益的营养增强，例如接种丛枝菌根真菌。
{"title":"Pruning and fertilization effects on Jatropha yields under smallholder’s conditions in a Tropical Dry Forest from Ecuador","authors":"Álvaro Cañadas-López, Diana Rade-Loor, M. Siegmund-Schultze, J. Vargas-Hernández, C. Wehenkel","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n1.79059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n1.79059","url":null,"abstract":"Jatropha seed is a biomass suitable for bioenergy production that can be produced by smallholders, even on marginal lands. However, the current oilseed production is too low to meet the needs of the planned renewable electricity system in the Galapagos Islands. Pruning and fertilization are management options that can be used to increase the dry seed yields. The effects of both treatments were tested in a split-plot design with jatropha trees, which were monitored during a three-year production period. The average seed production was 643±58 kg ha-1 year-1 in the unpruned trees and 696±50 kg ha-1 year-1 in the pruned trees. Although this difference is small, it is expected to increase over time. The pruned trees developed more slowly than the unpruned trees but showed higher (and still increasing) yields at the end of the three-year test period, while the unpruned trees appeared to have reached their maximum production by the second year of the trial. The low fertilizer doses approved by the smallholders did not have a significant impact on the dry seed yield, and the management options that show benefits in the long term are generally not accepted or adopted by them. Cost-effective nutrient enhancement should be investigated, such as inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90998735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n1.75402
Rommel Igor León Pacheco, Mercedes Pérez Macias, Francia Concepción Fuenmayor Campos, Adrián José Rodríguez Izquierdo, Gustavo Adolfo Rodríguez Izquierdo
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important crop in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. This species grows adequately in drought conditions and is ideal to ensure food safety in marginal environments, such as soils with low fertility and low rainfall conditions. Complementary irrigation practices can be used, or genotypes with good yield potential can be identified against these conditions to enhance productivity in those environments. For this reason, this research aimed to study several physiological mechanisms and agronomical characteristics in eight cassava clones under prolonged water deficit. The experimental design was a split-plot where the principal plot was composed of three irrigation treatments (7, 15, and 21 days without irrigation, DWI) and the secondary plot by the eight clones. The results showed that cassava plants against drought conditions (21 DWI) decreased their growth, foliar expansion, and partially closed the stomata, avoiding water losses through transpiration. The variables of the net assimilation rate of CO2, yield, and biomass accumulation were not affected by the maximum drought period. The best clones under drought were Guajira, Guajira 3, Guajira 4, Concha Rosada, and MeVen 77-1. The frequency of irrigation 15 DWI increased the variables of gas exchange and vegetative growth. This behavior is due to the ability to tolerate complex conditions through morphological and physiological mechanisms, among them, long life leaf, stomatal control, and high photosynthetic potential.
{"title":"Agronomic and physiological evaluation of eight cassava clones under water deficit conditions.","authors":"Rommel Igor León Pacheco, Mercedes Pérez Macias, Francia Concepción Fuenmayor Campos, Adrián José Rodríguez Izquierdo, Gustavo Adolfo Rodríguez Izquierdo","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n1.75402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n1.75402","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important crop in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. This species grows adequately in drought conditions and is ideal to ensure food safety in marginal environments, such as soils with low fertility and low rainfall conditions. Complementary irrigation practices can be used, or genotypes with good yield potential can be identified against these conditions to enhance productivity in those environments. For this reason, this research aimed to study several physiological mechanisms and agronomical characteristics in eight cassava clones under prolonged water deficit. The experimental design was a split-plot where the principal plot was composed of three irrigation treatments (7, 15, and 21 days without irrigation, DWI) and the secondary plot by the eight clones. The results showed that cassava plants against drought conditions (21 DWI) decreased their growth, foliar expansion, and partially closed the stomata, avoiding water losses through transpiration. The variables of the net assimilation rate of CO2, yield, and biomass accumulation were not affected by the maximum drought period. The best clones under drought were Guajira, Guajira 3, Guajira 4, Concha Rosada, and MeVen 77-1. The frequency of irrigation 15 DWI increased the variables of gas exchange and vegetative growth. This behavior is due to the ability to tolerate complex conditions through morphological and physiological mechanisms, among them, long life leaf, stomatal control, and high photosynthetic potential.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76370998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v73n1.77330
Miguel Alejandro Escobar Charry, Edgar Alberto Cardenas Rocha, Juan Evangelista Carulla Fornaguera
This study aimed at determining the nutritional efficiency of Kikuyu grass, when it is cultivated at different altitudes and defoliated with a different number of leaves per tiller. Four farms, with Kikuyu crops (Cenchrus clandestinus), were selected, two in an average altitude of 2,552 m.a.s.l. and two in average altitude of 2,914 m.a.s.l. In each farm, there were established eight plots of 4 m2 each (four treatments, two replicates). For 10 months, the pastures were defoliated when they presented 4, 5, 6, and 7 leaves per tiller (treatments) at 5 cm above ground when 90% of the tillers reached the number of leaves corresponding to each treatment. Data were analyzed as serial experiments using a completely randomized block (farms) design with an analysis of variance. The leaf appearance interval was higher for the highest altitude (8 vs. 10 days) but vary among treatments at a lower altitude (P<0.05). Pastures at higher altitudes were shorter (8.9 vs. 13.5 cm), but its height varied among treatments depending on the altitude (P<0.001). The quality of the pastures was similar, except for the ones with seven leaves per tiller at 2,552 m.a.s.l. that had less protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (P<0.01). The nutrient yield was higher for the pastures cultivated at 2,552 m.a.s.l. (P<0.001), and, at this altitude, pastures defoliated with five leaves had the largest nutrient yield. The Kikuyu cultivated at higher altitudes grows slowly and yield fewer nutrients independently of the number of leaves per tiller.
本研究旨在确定在不同海拔和每分蘖叶数不同的条件下，基库尤草的营养效率。选择4个种植基库尤作物的农场，2个在平均海拔2552 m.a.s.l, 2个在平均海拔2914 m.a.s.l，每个农场建立8个地块，每个地块4 m2(4个处理，2个重复)。在10个月的时间里，当90%的分蘖达到各处理对应的叶片数时，每分蘖在离地5 cm处呈现4、5、6和7片叶片(处理)。采用完全随机区组(农场)设计和方差分析，对数据进行连续试验分析。海拔最高时叶片出现间隔较长(8 d vs. 10 d)，海拔较低时各处理间差异较大(P<0.05)。海拔较高的草地较矮(8.9 cm比13.5 cm)，但不同海拔处理的草地高度差异较大(P<0.001)。除每分蘖7片(2552 m.a.s.l)的牧草蛋白质和体外干物质消化率较低(P<0.01)外，其他牧草品质基本一致。2552 m.a.s.l海拔高度的牧草养分产量最高(P<0.001)，且在该海拔高度，5片落叶的牧草养分产量最高。在高海拔地区种植的基库尤人生长缓慢，与每分蘖叶数无关，其产出的养分也较少。
{"title":"Effect of altitude and defoliation frequency in the quality and growth of Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus)","authors":"Miguel Alejandro Escobar Charry, Edgar Alberto Cardenas Rocha, Juan Evangelista Carulla Fornaguera","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v73n1.77330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v73n1.77330","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at determining the nutritional efficiency of Kikuyu grass, when it is cultivated at different altitudes and defoliated with a different number of leaves per tiller. Four farms, with Kikuyu crops (Cenchrus clandestinus), were selected, two in an average altitude of 2,552 m.a.s.l. and two in average altitude of 2,914 m.a.s.l. In each farm, there were established eight plots of 4 m2 each (four treatments, two replicates). For 10 months, the pastures were defoliated when they presented 4, 5, 6, and 7 leaves per tiller (treatments) at 5 cm above ground when 90% of the tillers reached the number of leaves corresponding to each treatment. Data were analyzed as serial experiments using a completely randomized block (farms) design with an analysis of variance. The leaf appearance interval was higher for the highest altitude (8 vs. 10 days) but vary among treatments at a lower altitude (P<0.05). Pastures at higher altitudes were shorter (8.9 vs. 13.5 cm), but its height varied among treatments depending on the altitude (P<0.001). The quality of the pastures was similar, except for the ones with seven leaves per tiller at 2,552 m.a.s.l. that had less protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (P<0.01). The nutrient yield was higher for the pastures cultivated at 2,552 m.a.s.l. (P<0.001), and, at this altitude, pastures defoliated with five leaves had the largest nutrient yield. The Kikuyu cultivated at higher altitudes grows slowly and yield fewer nutrients independently of the number of leaves per tiller.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"38 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73619736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v72n1.75910
Ana María López Gutiérrez, Marta Leonor Marulanda Angel, Lina María Gómez López, Carlos Felipe Barrera Sánchez
Rubus glaucus is widely distributed throughout the three mountain ranges of Colombia, where the blackberry growers have highlighted the need to standardize the supply of planting material, starting with plant breeding schemes that lead to more productive varieties with morphological characteristics that ease agricultural activities. Plant breeding activities have improved by considering the pollination mechanisms of plants. The implementation of controlled sexual hybridization depends on these pollination mechanisms, and several plant breeding methods have been adapted to crop pollination patterns. Morphological characteristics and studies on the floral biology of R. glaucus Benth were conducted to improve plant breeding processes. In addition, a study on pollen viability and stigma receptivity were performed. The reported morphological characteristics of R. glaucus enabled characterization of its flowers as complete and perfect with a regular, actinomorphic, perianth heterochlamydeous, dialipetalous, and dialisepalous structure. Meanwhile, the evaluation of different collection times for pollen viability revealed significant differences. The highest pollen viability occurred at 10:00 am, followed by 9:00 am. Qualitative evaluation of stigma receptivity led to the conclusion that the highest stigma receptivity is at anthesis at 12:00 m.
{"title":"Rubus glaucus Benth.: morphology and floral biology aimed at plant breeding processes","authors":"Ana María López Gutiérrez, Marta Leonor Marulanda Angel, Lina María Gómez López, Carlos Felipe Barrera Sánchez","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v72n1.75910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n1.75910","url":null,"abstract":"Rubus glaucus is widely distributed throughout the three mountain ranges of Colombia, where the blackberry growers have highlighted the need to standardize the supply of planting material, starting with plant breeding schemes that lead to more productive varieties with morphological characteristics that ease agricultural activities. Plant breeding activities have improved by considering the pollination mechanisms of plants. The implementation of controlled sexual hybridization depends on these pollination mechanisms, and several plant breeding methods have been adapted to crop pollination patterns. Morphological characteristics and studies on the floral biology of R. glaucus Benth were conducted to improve plant breeding processes. In addition, a study on pollen viability and stigma receptivity were performed. The reported morphological characteristics of R. glaucus enabled characterization of its flowers as complete and perfect with a regular, actinomorphic, perianth heterochlamydeous, dialipetalous, and dialisepalous structure. Meanwhile, the evaluation of different collection times for pollen viability revealed significant differences. The highest pollen viability occurred at 10:00 am, followed by 9:00 am. Qualitative evaluation of stigma receptivity led to the conclusion that the highest stigma receptivity is at anthesis at 12:00 m.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85206545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.76070
Aníbal Franco Cóndor Golec
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the nematicidal effect of different glucosinolates and other secondary metabolites extracted from several plant species on the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne chitwoodi. Glucosinolate extracts from 16 species of genera Brassica, seven Lolium species and one species of Lupinus were used to investigate their nematicidal effect in vitro. From the tested extracts, the one obtained from Brassica juncea (oriental) showed the most promising results, controlling both nematode species. Lupinus sp. also showed positive results when tested against P. penetrans.
{"title":"In vitro study on the nematicidal effect of different plant extracts on Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne chitwoodi","authors":"Aníbal Franco Cóndor Golec","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.76070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.76070","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the nematicidal effect of different glucosinolates and other secondary metabolites extracted from several plant species on the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne chitwoodi. Glucosinolate extracts from 16 species of genera Brassica, seven Lolium species and one species of Lupinus were used to investigate their nematicidal effect in vitro. From the tested extracts, the one obtained from Brassica juncea (oriental) showed the most promising results, controlling both nematode species. Lupinus sp. also showed positive results when tested against P. penetrans.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79110654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.77320
Javier Alonso Restrepo-Salazar, Franco Alirio Vallejo-Cabrera, Edwin Fernando Restrepo-Salazar
Three diallel crosses of butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata), each consisting of six parents with S0, S1, and S2 levels of inbreeding, were evaluated to estimate the effect of inbreeding on both general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for the following traits: fruit pulp thickness, number of seeds per fruit, fruit pulp color, dry matter, 100-seed weight, diameter of placental cavity, polar diameter of fruits, and equatorial diameter of fruits. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with four replicates, arranged in split plots, with the main plot corresponding to the diallel cross (level of inbreeding) and the subplot for the evaluated genotypes (six parents and 15 F1 hybrids, in each of the diallel crosses). Additive effects (GCA) were responsible for the genetic control of most of the traits in the three diallel crosses, whereas non-additive effects (SCA) were also responsible for the genetic expression of most of the traits, but almost exclusively in crosses between S1 and S2 inbred lines. Recommended genotypes for the simultaneous genetic improvement of fruit pulp thickness and color for the fresh consumption market, which is formed by consumers who prefer whole, non-sliced fruit, were the S0 parents (P3 and P4) as well as the between S2 lines hybrid (P1×P6). On the other hand, a genotype recommended for the improvement of the same traits but intended either for agro-industrial use or for the fresh consumption market formed by consumers for whom fruit weight is not a limiting characteristic for purchase (large fruits), was the S2 parent (P2).
{"title":"Combining ability as a function of inbreeding for fruit traits in Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.","authors":"Javier Alonso Restrepo-Salazar, Franco Alirio Vallejo-Cabrera, Edwin Fernando Restrepo-Salazar","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.77320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.77320","url":null,"abstract":"Three diallel crosses of butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata), each consisting of six parents with S0, S1, and S2 levels of inbreeding, were evaluated to estimate the effect of inbreeding on both general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for the following traits: fruit pulp thickness, number of seeds per fruit, fruit pulp color, dry matter, 100-seed weight, diameter of placental cavity, polar diameter of fruits, and equatorial diameter of fruits. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with four replicates, arranged in split plots, with the main plot corresponding to the diallel cross (level of inbreeding) and the subplot for the evaluated genotypes (six parents and 15 F1 hybrids, in each of the diallel crosses). Additive effects (GCA) were responsible for the genetic control of most of the traits in the three diallel crosses, whereas non-additive effects (SCA) were also responsible for the genetic expression of most of the traits, but almost exclusively in crosses between S1 and S2 inbred lines. Recommended genotypes for the simultaneous genetic improvement of fruit pulp thickness and color for the fresh consumption market, which is formed by consumers who prefer whole, non-sliced fruit, were the S0 parents (P3 and P4) as well as the between S2 lines hybrid (P1×P6). On the other hand, a genotype recommended for the improvement of the same traits but intended either for agro-industrial use or for the fresh consumption market formed by consumers for whom fruit weight is not a limiting characteristic for purchase (large fruits), was the S2 parent (P2).","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89381861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.77410
Manel Salmi, A. Benmahammed, Laid Benderradji, Z. Fellahi, H. Bouzerzour, A. Oulmi, A. Benbelkacem
Genetic parameters such as leaf relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, above-ground biomass, harvest index, grain yield, and grain yield components of Bousselam/Mrb5 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cross were estimated based on generation means analysis. A, B, C, and D scaling and Chi-square (χ2) tests revealed the inadequacy of the simple additive-dominance model. This result suggests the presence of digenic epistasis for most studied traits; the duplicate epistasis was present for relative water content, above-ground biomass, and grain yield; and complementary epistasis was observed for chlorophyll content. Significant genotypic correlation coefficients appeared among grain yield, relative water content, and above-ground biomass. This suggests useful indirect selection criteria to improve simultaneously these traits, which showed significant heritability. It can be concluded that the traits investigated show a complex genetic behavior, which implies that early selection would be less efficient; therefore, it is recommended delaying the selection to advanced generations to benefit from the reduction of non-fixable genetic variation and exploit transgressive segregators due to the significant interaction additivity×additivity (i) of the gene and duplicated epistasis.
采用世代均值分析方法，估算了Bousselam/Mrb5硬粒小麦(Triticum durum Desf.)杂交的叶片相对含水量、叶片叶绿素含量、株高、地上生物量、收获指数、籽粒产量及籽粒产量组成等遗传参数。A、B、C和D标度和χ2检验表明，简单加性优势模型存在不足。这一结果表明大多数被研究性状存在遗传上位性;相对含水量、地上生物量和粮食产量均存在重复上位性;叶绿素含量呈互补上位性。籽粒产量、相对含水量和地上生物量呈显著的基因型相关。这为同时提高这些性状提供了有用的间接选择标准，这些性状具有显著的遗传力。由此可以得出结论，所研究的性状表现出复杂的遗传行为，这意味着早期选择的效率较低;因此，建议将选择推迟到高级代，以受益于非固定遗传变异的减少，并利用由于基因和重复上位性的显著相互作用additivity×additivity (i)而产生的越界分离。
{"title":"Generation means analysis of physiological and agronomical targeted traits in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cross","authors":"Manel Salmi, A. Benmahammed, Laid Benderradji, Z. Fellahi, H. Bouzerzour, A. Oulmi, A. Benbelkacem","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.77410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.77410","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic parameters such as leaf relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, above-ground biomass, harvest index, grain yield, and grain yield components of Bousselam/Mrb5 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cross were estimated based on generation means analysis. A, B, C, and D scaling and Chi-square (χ2) tests revealed the inadequacy of the simple additive-dominance model. This result suggests the presence of digenic epistasis for most studied traits; the duplicate epistasis was present for relative water content, above-ground biomass, and grain yield; and complementary epistasis was observed for chlorophyll content. Significant genotypic correlation coefficients appeared among grain yield, relative water content, and above-ground biomass. This suggests useful indirect selection criteria to improve simultaneously these traits, which showed significant heritability. It can be concluded that the traits investigated show a complex genetic behavior, which implies that early selection would be less efficient; therefore, it is recommended delaying the selection to advanced generations to benefit from the reduction of non-fixable genetic variation and exploit transgressive segregators due to the significant interaction additivity×additivity (i) of the gene and duplicated epistasis.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78300209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.81981
Ignacio Mantilla Prada
Por esta época nos sorprendemos de tantos logros académicos para festejar. Pareciera como si después de una siembra responsable y lejana, nos hubiera llegado finalmente el tiempo para recoger una buena cosecha que nos anima a celebrar y compartir. Particularmente nos alegramos de la abundancia de celebraciones que realiza la Universidad Nacional de Colombiay que trascienden al país entero. Hace apenas dos años tuvimos la oportunidad de festejar el sesquicentenario de la Universidad con múltiples actividades académicas, culturales y lúdicas; pero ante todo con la publicación de la obra conmemorativa que recogió en doce volúmenes la historia de las diferentes áreas del conocimiento que ha cultivado la institución a lo largo de 150 años. Ese sello recordatorio del sesquicentenario a través de una publicación será el más importante que se conservará para que las próximas generaciones no pierdan de vista el trabajo que hemos realizado en siglo y medio de labores
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The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) is an important harmful pest for corn crops in Colombia. Knowing its population’s fluctuation regarding genetically modified plants allows the implementation of monitoring plans and time-effective management actions. The objective of this study was to establish the population’s fluctuation of S. frugiperda during 2014-2016 in the hybrids 30F35R and 30F35HR (genetically modified with the Cry1F endotoxin) in El Espinal, Tolima, Colombia. Accumulations in five growing cycles were carried out until 20, 40, 60, 80, and 104 days with the number of larvae per linear meter after emergence per year and per hybrid. Results were compared statistically using linear mixed models. On the other hand, two dummy variables that reckon the presence of larvae and damage were calculated. With the indicators of presence (one) and absence (zero), a longitudinal logistic prediction model was constructed. Larger accumulation of larvae was registered in the hybrid 30F35R (6.79±0.20); however, the genetically modified genotype 30F35HR also registered the presence of larvae (4.24±0.20), inferring that the endotoxin did not exercise total control over the populations. The vegetative stage showed a higher larval population. However, when this stage is not managed, the crop can show damage up to 52% and 72% in hybrid plants with and without Cry1F, respectively. This behavior suggests that if refuge areas and strategies such as pest monitoring are not established, these insects could generate higher resistances to the plants with the endotoxin Cry1F.
秋粘虫(Spodoptera frugiperda, J.E. Smith)是哥伦比亚玉米作物的重要害虫。了解其种群在转基因植物方面的波动，可以实施监测计划和及时有效的管理行动。本研究的目的是建立2014-2016年哥伦比亚Tolima El Espinal地区30F35R和30F35HR (Cry1F内毒素转基因)杂种S. frugiperda种群消长情况。以每年羽化后每线性米幼虫数和每个杂交种幼虫数为指标，分5个生长周期累积至20、40、60、80和104 d。采用线性混合模型对结果进行统计比较。另一方面，计算了两个虚拟变量，计算了幼虫的存在和损害。以出席(1)和缺席(0)为指标，构建纵向logistic预测模型。杂种30F35R幼虫累积量较大(6.79±0.20);然而，转基因基因型30F35HR也记录了幼虫的存在(4.24±0.20)，推断内毒素没有对种群进行完全控制。营养期幼虫数量较多。然而，如果不进行这一阶段的管理，在有Cry1F和没有Cry1F的杂交植株中，作物的损害分别高达52%和72%。这种行为表明，如果不建立庇护区和害虫监测等策略，这些昆虫可能会对含有内毒素Cry1F的植物产生更高的抗性。
{"title":"Populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) cause significant damage to genetically modified corn crops","authors":"Camilo Ignacio Jaramillo Barrios, Eduardo Barragán Quijano, Buenaventura Monje Andrade","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.75730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.75730","url":null,"abstract":"The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) is an important harmful pest for corn crops in Colombia. Knowing its population’s fluctuation regarding genetically modified plants allows the implementation of monitoring plans and time-effective management actions. The objective of this study was to establish the population’s fluctuation of S. frugiperda during 2014-2016 in the hybrids 30F35R and 30F35HR (genetically modified with the Cry1F endotoxin) in El Espinal, Tolima, Colombia. Accumulations in five growing cycles were carried out until 20, 40, 60, 80, and 104 days with the number of larvae per linear meter after emergence per year and per hybrid. Results were compared statistically using linear mixed models. On the other hand, two dummy variables that reckon the presence of larvae and damage were calculated. With the indicators of presence (one) and absence (zero), a longitudinal logistic prediction model was constructed. Larger accumulation of larvae was registered in the hybrid 30F35R (6.79±0.20); however, the genetically modified genotype 30F35HR also registered the presence of larvae (4.24±0.20), inferring that the endotoxin did not exercise total control over the populations. The vegetative stage showed a higher larval population. However, when this stage is not managed, the crop can show damage up to 52% and 72% in hybrid plants with and without Cry1F, respectively. This behavior suggests that if refuge areas and strategies such as pest monitoring are not established, these insects could generate higher resistances to the plants with the endotoxin Cry1F.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87766349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of efficient microorganisms (EM) on the productive performance of lettuce and radish. The experiment was carried out in an organoponic culture in the municipality of Matanzas, Cuba, from December 2017 to January 2018. Five treatments were studied: control (0), EM 8 mL m-2 at 0 days after the transplant (DAT) (EM 8-0), EM 8 mL m-2 at 15 DAT (EM 8-15), EM 10 mL m-2 at 0 DAT (EM 10-0), and EM 10 mL m-2 at 15 DAT (EM 10-15). A randomized complete block design was set with four replications per treatment. An ANOVA was applied to perform the statistical data analysis, and the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (P<0.05) was used for the comparison of means. The statistic program used was STATISTICA, version 6.0 over Windows. The parameters evaluated in lettuce were the total number of leaves, number of commercial leaves, the diameter of leaf rosette, and yield. The evaluated parameters for radish were fleshy root’s diameter and weight, and yield. The results indicated a positive effect on growth-response with the application of the bio-product, which can be considered a promissory alternative for vegetable production in organoponic garden conditions. The application of EM 10 mL m-2 at 0 and 15 DAT showed the best productive behavior for both crops.
本研究的目的是评价高效微生物(EM)的应用对生菜和萝卜生产性能的影响。该实验于2017年12月至2018年1月在古巴马坦萨斯市的有机栽培中进行。研究了5个处理:对照(0)、移植后0天em8 mL m-2 (DAT) (EM 8-0)、15dat em8 mL m-2 (EM 8-15)、10dat em10 mL m-2 (EM 10-0)和15dat em10 mL m-2 (EM 10-15)。采用随机完全区组设计，每个治疗4个重复。采用方差分析进行统计资料分析，均数比较采用Duncan’s多元极差检验(P<0.05)。使用的统计程序是STATISTICA, 6.0版本在Windows上。在生菜中评估的参数是叶片总数，商品叶数，叶结直径和产量。萝卜的评价参数为肉质根的直径、重量和产量。结果表明，该生物制品的施用对蔬菜的生长反应有积极的影响，可被认为是有机栽培条件下蔬菜生产的理想替代品。施用em10 mL m-2在0和15 DAT时，两种作物表现出最佳的生产行为。
{"title":"Improvement of the agricultural productivity of lettuce and radish by using efficient microorganisms","authors":"Ramón Liriano Gonzáles, Jovana Pérez Ramos, Yunel Pérez Hernández, Iraní Placeres Espinosa, Sergio Luis Rodríguez Jiménez","doi":"10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.76967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n3.76967","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of efficient microorganisms (EM) on the productive performance of lettuce and radish. The experiment was carried out in an organoponic culture in the municipality of Matanzas, Cuba, from December 2017 to January 2018. Five treatments were studied: control (0), EM 8 mL m-2 at 0 days after the transplant (DAT) (EM 8-0), EM 8 mL m-2 at 15 DAT (EM 8-15), EM 10 mL m-2 at 0 DAT (EM 10-0), and EM 10 mL m-2 at 15 DAT (EM 10-15). A randomized complete block design was set with four replications per treatment. An ANOVA was applied to perform the statistical data analysis, and the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (P<0.05) was used for the comparison of means. The statistic program used was STATISTICA, version 6.0 over Windows. The parameters evaluated in lettuce were the total number of leaves, number of commercial leaves, the diameter of leaf rosette, and yield. The evaluated parameters for radish were fleshy root’s diameter and weight, and yield. The results indicated a positive effect on growth-response with the application of the bio-product, which can be considered a promissory alternative for vegetable production in organoponic garden conditions. The application of EM 10 mL m-2 at 0 and 15 DAT showed the best productive behavior for both crops.","PeriodicalId":37747,"journal":{"name":"Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78955875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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