OpenNano最新文献

The Strobilanthes cordifolia plant, a member of the Acanthaceae family, has been extensively studied due to its wide range of biological properties. This particular research focused on the green synthesis of FeNPs/CuNPs and evaluated the effectiveness of the experiment through various characterization techniques, including UV, FTIR, XRD, and SEM with EDAX. The UV analysis provided valuable insights, showing that the synthesized nanoparticles had the highest absorption values at 462nm for FeNPs and 438nm for CuNPs. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of different functional groups, while XRD measurements validated their crystalline nature. SEM data revealed the diverse shapes of the nanoparticles, including rods and spherical shapes. Additionally, EDAX analysis confirmed the presence of Fe and Cu elements in the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of FeNPs and CuNPs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed significant inhibition. Moreover, the nanoparticles demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, as evidenced by their effective inhibition in DPPH and ABTS assays. Their potential as anti-diabetic agents was also explored, with assessments of their inhibitory effects on α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase enzymes. Additionally, the nanoparticles displayed inhibitory effects on anti-cholinergic enzymes such as AChE and BChE. Furthermore, comprehensive toxicological studies revealed a higher level of mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Among these, the FeNPs exhibited a larval mortality rate of 95% in Cx. Quinquefasciatus, while the CuNPs showed a rate of 93%. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that FeNPs/CuNPs possess favorable characteristics and significant potential for various biomedical applications.

Nanomedicines based on nanoparticles rely both on the potency of the drug as well as the efficiency of the delivery system, for which particle size plays a crucial role. For the intracellular delivery of small interference RNA (siRNA), lipid-polymer nanoparticle (LPN) hybrid systems constitute a safe and highly effective class of delivery systems. In the present study, we employ a microfluidics method for the manufacturing of spherical siRNA-loaded LPNs for pulmonary delivery with distinct size distributions with average diameters of approximately 70, 110, and 220 nm. We designed an optically clear, inexpensive thiol-ene polymeric microfluidic chip prototype that is compatible with standard ‘soft-lithography’ techniques, allows for replica molding, and is resistant to harsh solvents. By using SPECT/CT in vivo imaging, we show comparable pulmonary clearance patterns of all three differently sized LPN formulations following intratracheal administration. Also, negligible accumulation in the liver was observed.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia. Oxidative stress is involved in the progression of aging and Alzheimer's disease. It is known that lutein is a carotenoid having antioxidant properties. The present research explores Lutein loaded chitosan nanoparticles for Suppressing Oxidative Stress in the treatment of Alzheimer's. The developed nanoparticles are administered through the nose to target brain via nose-to-brain pathway. For optimization of formulation a systematic QbD approach was used. The developed nanoparticles further characterized for Physicochemical parameters, Morphology, In-vitro drug releases, Ex-vivo diffusion, In-vitro Cell viability, cellular uptake, In-vitro BBB Permeation, antioxidant properties, In-vivo biodistribution, and stability study. The developed nanoparticles' surface morphology suggested homogeneously dispersed spherical nanoparticles having < 200 nm size. The drug release study demonstrate the controlled release of lutein for more than 96 h while less than 50% lutein was released after 24 h in an ex-vivo diffusion study. The cell cytotoxicity assay confirms the nontoxicity of l-CNPs. The cellular uptake study shows enhanced internalization of l-CNPs through the caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathway. The ROS generation confirmed the absence of any significant ROS generation nanoparticles. The antioxidant assay shows significant ROS scavenging activity of l-CNPs. In-vitro BBB permeation demonstrates the efficient passage of l-CNPs through BBB compared to pure lutein. This was further supported by bio-distribution demonstrating the deposition of nanoparticles in the brain through nasal administration. The acquired outcomes prove the possible activities of lutein-loaded l-CNPs for reducing oxidative stress in the brain for Alzheimer's treatment.

A novel approach to treating cancer has been revealed to be effective cancer vaccination. It has also been demonstrated that nucleic acid therapies such as mRNA and siRNA are very efficient in the treatment of cancer. However, the instability of mRNA makes a delivery system necessary to reach the target sites. Dendrimers have emerged as being of important interest in healthcare due to their ideal characteristic of having a very strong drug delivery capacity to become carriers. The dendrimer's center can be loaded with specific pharmaceutical active ingredients, or they can be bonded to the surface. RNA delivery systems that transport siRNA, mRNA, and other forms of RNA can be made using dendrimers. This review article focuses on several dendrimer-based RNA delivery systems, such as dendrimers modified with PEG, mannosylated dendrimers, dendrisomes, amphiphilic dendrimer vectors, magnetic nanoparticles modified with dendrimers, peptide dendrimers, and gold nanoparticles coated with dendrimers.

Colorimetric methods are classical techniques that have been broadly subjected to and applied for the detection of many analytes. The method is low cost, simple, practically active, and suitable to determine the sample due to color changes which are accessed visually even at low concentrations of target analysis. Hence, different methods are applied for detecting and determining pesticides (insecticides) and phenolic compounds (bisphenol A). Moreover, researchers detected OCPs (Organochloride pesticides) in breast milk and adipose tissues, which may exhibit estrogenic, and antiestrogenic activities mostly associated with breast cancer. The common thing between two the analytes is nature because they both show endocrine-disrupting properties. Bisphenol A (phenolic compound) is commonly used in the high-volume production of monomers and plastics. Bisphenol A is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics, used in food cans coating, baby formula bottles, milk containers, paints, etc. Pesticides and phenolic compounds identification methods can be sluggish and need extremely skilled workforces to function cultured instruments that are mostly too expensive, delicate, or immense to a position outside of a devoted laboratory facility. This review deals with the discriminatory and low-cost method for the colorimetric detection of pesticides and phenolic compounds (bisphenol A) with different bio-synthesized metals and metal-doped nanocomposites. Based on existing publications, using colorimetry with nanocomposites provides low detection limits and good reproducibility for the detection of pesticides and phenolic compounds in various samples such as food samples. These results serve as a guide for controlling pesticides and phenolic chemicals in food processing, lowering the dangers involved.

Thymol and carvacrol are aromatic compounds derived from plants that exhibit considerable broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. They have also shown extensive biological effects, including antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic. Carvacrol and thymol also have pleasant smells, tastes, and potent antioxidant effects. Therefore, biological effects, along with their favorable toxicity, make thymol and carvacrol an option as an additive to inhibit microbial spoilage of foods and potent antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, volatility, low stability, and high hydrophobicity are some of the limitations of carvacrol and thymol, which limit their application. To increase the efficacy of thymol and carvacrol, especially antimicrobial properties, using a drug delivery system might be a practical option. Encapsulation of the essential oils into appropriated nanocarriers may decrease their potential limitations. Carvacrol and thymol-encapsulated nanomaterials have been shown to have more solubility and increased antibacterial effects. Here, we provide a brief review of the antimicrobial effects of carvacrol and thymol nanoformulation to give a prospect on their applications for future studies as natural antimicrobial agents and food additives.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis, stands as an immensely devastating and persistently relevant pathogen, claiming the lives of millions each year. This infectious bacterium remains a formidable global health challenge, necessitating urgent attention and comprehensive strategies to combat its profound impact on public health. MTB is a finicky bacterium that manages to sneak into macrophages and fibroblasts to avoid being eliminated. Current first-line treatments allow the control of the spread of an active MTB, but are not capable of effectively controlling when MTB is in its latent phase and struggle against MTB resistant strains. Lipid-based nanoparticles have gained significant attention in the field of tuberculosis nanotechnology treatments, owing to their compelling logical underpinnings, remarkable merits, and acknowledged demerits. These nanoparticles offer a rational approach by harnessing the unique properties of lipids, such as biocompatibility and stability, to encapsulate and protect anti-tuberculosis drugs. Their inherent ability to actively target infected macrophages holds immense promise for precise drug delivery to the infection site, enhancing therapeutic efficacy. However, it is crucial to consider potential limitations, such as the restricted payload capacity due to their small size and challenges in achieving sustained drug release. Despite these challenges, lipid-based nanotechnology represents an exciting frontier for combating drug resistance and advancing tuberculosis treatment strategies, warranting further exploration and development in this field. In addition, we emphasize the characteristics of lipid-based nanoparticles with the ability to improve the administration, stability, and dosage of these molecules. New modified systems are expected to be successful in the coming years as nanotechnology has improved various treatments in other diseases.

Gemcitabine (GEM) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used for treating pancreatic cancer and other cancers. Despite its efficacy, GEM is associated with adverse side effects and tumor resistance, hampering its therapeutic outcomes. To address these challenges, innovative strategies have emerged to enhance GEM delivery. This comprehensive review explores various distribution systems, including polymer-based platforms, liposomes, and inorganic nanoparticles, highlighting their unique characteristics for improving GEM efficacy in cancer treatment. Additionally, we discuss the promising approach of codelivery with genes and present several methods for augmenting GEM's chemotherapeutic properties. Our findings shed light on novel insights and provide recommendations for overcoming the limitations associated with GEM, guiding researchers and clinicians toward more effective cancer therapies.

Organ-on-a-chip microfluid systems (OCMS) are miniaturized three-dimension models of human tissue and organ, designed to recapitulate the crucial physiological and biological parameters of their corresponding in vivo parts. They have emerged as a powerful multifunctional tool for various applications such as personalized medicine, drug screening, due to its ability to show biomimetic composition, designs, and functions. Recently, OCMS have been employed to model and decode inter-organ communication via exosomes. Exosomes are biological nanovesicles with approximately 30-200 nm diameter, released from most of the cell types and participate in various cellular functions via intracellular communication and by carrying different cargoes including protein, and nucleic acids. Under pathological conditions such as cancer, the release of exosomes enhances tremendously, which are either fused or internalized by the recipient cells to elicit specific biological responses. The research pertaining to the exosomal communication has employed different methods for characterizing their release by the donor cells and uptake by the recipient cells, such as nano tracking analyzer, protein quantification, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning EM (SEM), and immunogold-EM, exosome labeling kits, microbead-based flow cytometry. However, the research associated with the regulation of exosomal release and uptake has been impeded by the dearth of advanced techniques for capturing dynamics of exosomes. Here in, we discuss the advances in biosensing for tracking exosomal dynamic communication in OCMS, which will open new avenues of exosomal research using microfluidic engineering for modeling intracellular communication in OCMS.

Rutin is a natural product has various biological activities. Pasteurellosis is crucial bacterial infection of respiratory system caused by Pasteurella multocida. This study aimed to investigate the improved antibacterial effect of Rutin nanocarriers as mucoadhesive intranasal delivery against Pasteurella multocida. Different formulations of Rutin niosomes and nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) were formulated and well characterized. The in vivo antibacterial performance of the developed formulations against Pasteurella multocida in infected mice was conducted. Further, cytokines levels of Interferon Gamma (INF-γ) and Interlukin-12 (IL -12) in mice sera were assessed. The results revealed that developed Rutin nanocarriers were in nanosized range and exhibited high drug encapsulation. However, Rutin NLCs showed smaller particle size (240.34 ± 5.5 nm), higher encapsulation% (97.34 ± 0.15%), and higher drug release of 94.5% within 12 h comparing with Rutin niosomes. Further, Rutin NLCs presented the highest antibacterial effect against P. multocida infection compared with other treated groups. The bacterial count in lungs and livers was reduced in treated groups compared to the infected non treated one. Our results indicate that mucoadhesive Rutin nanocarriers introduce a new promising antibacterial agent for intranasal delivery against P. multocida and open vision for veterinary applications to utilize advanced nanocarriers in the management of several infections.