Pub Date : 2025-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100613
Sharon Olabisoye Oladipupo , Emmanuel Henry Ezenabor , Adebola Busola Ojo , Akingbolabo Daniel Ogunlakin , Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), diabetes, and chronic inflammation are growing health problems that often go unnoticed, yet they are closely linked. NAFLD occurs when fat builds up in the liver, and it is strongly connected to metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes. Over time, NAFLD can lead to insulin resistance, making diabetes worse, while diabetes itself can increase liver damage, creating a harmful cycle. Inflammation plays a key role in connecting these conditions, worsening disease progression and raising the risk of serious complications like heart disease and liver failure. Despite their widespread impact, these issues are often not diagnosed or treated early enough. This review explores how NAFLD, diabetes, and inflammation are related, their effects on public health, and new treatment options, including lifestyle changes and emerging therapies. By understanding these connections, we can develop better strategies for prevention, early detection, and treatment to improve long-term health outcomes.
{"title":"Interplay of the pathophysiological mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and inflammation: A growing threat to public health","authors":"Sharon Olabisoye Oladipupo , Emmanuel Henry Ezenabor , Adebola Busola Ojo , Akingbolabo Daniel Ogunlakin , Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), diabetes, and chronic inflammation are growing health problems that often go unnoticed, yet they are closely linked. NAFLD occurs when fat builds up in the liver, and it is strongly connected to metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes. Over time, NAFLD can lead to insulin resistance, making diabetes worse, while diabetes itself can increase liver damage, creating a harmful cycle. Inflammation plays a key role in connecting these conditions, worsening disease progression and raising the risk of serious complications like heart disease and liver failure. Despite their widespread impact, these issues are often not diagnosed or treated early enough. This review explores how NAFLD, diabetes, and inflammation are related, their effects on public health, and new treatment options, including lifestyle changes and emerging therapies. By understanding these connections, we can develop better strategies for prevention, early detection, and treatment to improve long-term health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100611
Rambu L.N.K.R. Triandhini , Ahmad Hamim Sadewa , Siti Helmiyati
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and a major global health concern. This scoping review aimed to systematically map current data that describe the relationship between genetic variant interactions related to insulin secretion and diet with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, ProQuest, and hand searching. Thirteen eligible articles were obtained from 1375 searches in the database; TCF7L2 variants were the most frequently examined and demonstrated interactions with fiber, followed by the CDKAL1 gene variant, which showed interactions mainly with dietary components, such as fats, proteins, and coffee. Statistically significant findings were also reported for IGFBP2, NOTCH2, KCNJ11, GIPR, HFE, and ZBED3 variants. Nevertheless, most of these studies are yet to be replicated, and some findings indicated inconsistencies. Gene interactions related to insulin secretion and diet play important roles in the risk of type 2 diabetes, although further research is required to validate these findings.
{"title":"Exploring genes related to impaired insulin secretion and the interaction with diet in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A scoping review of observational studies","authors":"Rambu L.N.K.R. Triandhini , Ahmad Hamim Sadewa , Siti Helmiyati","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and a major global health concern. This scoping review aimed to systematically map current data that describe the relationship between genetic variant interactions related to insulin secretion and diet with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, ProQuest, and hand searching. Thirteen eligible articles were obtained from 1375 searches in the database; TCF7L2 variants were the most frequently examined and demonstrated interactions with fiber, followed by the CDKAL1 gene variant, which showed interactions mainly with dietary components, such as fats, proteins, and coffee. Statistically significant findings were also reported for IGFBP2, NOTCH2, KCNJ11, GIPR, HFE, and ZBED3 variants. Nevertheless, most of these studies are yet to be replicated, and some findings indicated inconsistencies. Gene interactions related to insulin secretion and diet play important roles in the risk of type 2 diabetes, although further research is required to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100610
Esther Ugo Alum
Obesity, a major global health challenge, is increasingly linked to early-life exposures that program long-term metabolic health—a phenomenon termed metabolic memory. This commentary explores the mechanisms underlying metabolic memory, including epigenetic modifications, hormonal signaling alterations, and adipose tissue changes during critical developmental windows such as gestation, infancy, and early childhood. Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies underscores the profound influence of maternal health, infant feeding practices, and early childhood diet on lifelong obesity risk. Early-life interventions, such as promoting maternal nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, and healthy lifestyle practices, offer promising avenues to disrupt the trajectory of metabolic memory. However, barriers such as socioeconomic disparities and limited long-t,erm efficacy of interventions present significant challenges. Addressing these obstacles requires robust research, policy reforms, and innovative approaches, including personalized nutrition and digital health technologies. This commentary highlights the urgent need for preventive strategies targeting early-life exposures to mitigate obesity-related health risks and improve global health outcomes. This commentary was developed through a comprehensive review of recent literature on metabolic memory and obesity. Peer-reviewed articles, epidemiological studies, and experimental research were identified from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Keywords included “metabolic memory,” “obesity,” “early-life interventions,” and “epigenetics.” Sources were selected based on their relevance, methodological rigor, and recency. Insights were synthesized to provide a multidisciplinary perspective on the mechanisms, evidence, and potential interventions for addressing metabolic memory in obesity. Emphasis was placed on translational and actionable strategies to inform policy and practice.
{"title":"Metabolic memory in obesity: Can early-life interventions reverse lifelong risks?","authors":"Esther Ugo Alum","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity, a major global health challenge, is increasingly linked to early-life exposures that program long-term metabolic health—a phenomenon termed metabolic memory. This commentary explores the mechanisms underlying metabolic memory, including epigenetic modifications, hormonal signaling alterations, and adipose tissue changes during critical developmental windows such as gestation, infancy, and early childhood. Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies underscores the profound influence of maternal health, infant feeding practices, and early childhood diet on lifelong obesity risk. Early-life interventions, such as promoting maternal nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, and healthy lifestyle practices, offer promising avenues to disrupt the trajectory of metabolic memory. However, barriers such as socioeconomic disparities and limited long-t,erm efficacy of interventions present significant challenges. Addressing these obstacles requires robust research, policy reforms, and innovative approaches, including personalized nutrition and digital health technologies. This commentary highlights the urgent need for preventive strategies targeting early-life exposures to mitigate obesity-related health risks and improve global health outcomes. This commentary was developed through a comprehensive review of recent literature on metabolic memory and obesity. Peer-reviewed articles, epidemiological studies, and experimental research were identified from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Keywords included “metabolic memory,” “obesity,” “early-life interventions,” and “epigenetics.” Sources were selected based on their relevance, methodological rigor, and recency. Insights were synthesized to provide a multidisciplinary perspective on the mechanisms, evidence, and potential interventions for addressing metabolic memory in obesity. Emphasis was placed on translational and actionable strategies to inform policy and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100604
Sasha D. Macedo-Lozano , Maria A. Garcia-Aguilar , Gustavo Salinas-Sedo , Kennlly Cardoza-Jiménez , Wah Yang , Ming-Hua Zheng , Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo
Background
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), often linked with obesity-related fat deposition, is increasingly prevalent as global obesity rates rise. Data from Latin America, and particularly Peru, remain limited. Research suggests that hypothyroidism may contribute to MASH development through mechanisms such as dysregulated fatty acids, elevated FGF21 concentrations, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and altered leptin levels, all of which may drive the associated inflammatory processes.
Objectives
To assess the association between hypothyroidism and MASH in adults living with obesity without a history of diabetes mellitus.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included adults seeking bariatric surgery at a private center in Peru. MASH was defined via biopsy results, and hypothyroidism was diagnosed based on medical history or laboratory values. The association of interest was assessed using generalized linear models to calculate prevalence ratios (PR), adjusting for confounders.
Results
Data from 398 patients were analyzed; the mean age was 34.3 years, and 70.6 % were female. Hypothyroidism and MASH prevalences were 9.5 % and 84 %, respectively. After adjustments for sex, age, BMI, insulin resistance, and smoking, hypothyroidism was associated with a 1.18-fold increased prevalence of MASH (adjusted PR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 1.07–1.30, p = 0.001).
Conclusion
Hypothyroidism was significantly associated with MASH in adults with obesity and without diabetes mellitus. This suggests a critical role of thyroid dysfunction in MASH pathogenesis, also underscoring the importance of considering thyroid health in MASH management strategies.
代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎（MASH）通常与肥胖相关的脂肪沉积有关，随着全球肥胖率的上升，这种疾病越来越普遍。来自拉丁美洲，特别是秘鲁的数据仍然有限。研究表明，甲状腺功能减退可能通过脂肪酸失调、FGF21浓度升高、线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激和瘦素水平改变等机制促进MASH的发展，所有这些机制都可能驱动相关的炎症过程。目的探讨无糖尿病史的肥胖成人甲状腺功能减退与MASH的关系。方法：这项横断面研究包括在秘鲁一家私人中心寻求减肥手术的成年人。MASH是通过活检结果确定的，甲状腺功能减退是根据病史或实验室值诊断的。使用广义线性模型来计算患病率（PR），调整混杂因素，评估兴趣相关性。结果分析398例患者资料；平均年龄34.3岁，女性占70.6%。甲状腺功能减退和MASH患病率分别为9.5%和84%。在调整性别、年龄、BMI、胰岛素抵抗和吸烟等因素后，甲状腺功能减退与MASH患病率增加1.18倍相关(调整后的PR: 1.18；95% CI: 1.07-1.30, p = 0.001)。结论成人肥胖无糖尿病患者甲状腺功能减退与MASH有显著相关性。这表明甲状腺功能障碍在MASH发病机制中起关键作用，也强调了在MASH管理策略中考虑甲状腺健康的重要性。
{"title":"Association between hypothyroidism and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in adults with obesity without diabetes","authors":"Sasha D. Macedo-Lozano , Maria A. Garcia-Aguilar , Gustavo Salinas-Sedo , Kennlly Cardoza-Jiménez , Wah Yang , Ming-Hua Zheng , Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), often linked with obesity-related fat deposition, is increasingly prevalent as global obesity rates rise. Data from Latin America, and particularly Peru, remain limited. Research suggests that hypothyroidism may contribute to MASH development through mechanisms such as dysregulated fatty acids, elevated FGF21 concentrations, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and altered leptin levels, all of which may drive the associated inflammatory processes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To assess the association between hypothyroidism and MASH in adults living with obesity without a history of diabetes mellitus.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included adults seeking bariatric surgery at a private center in Peru. MASH was defined via biopsy results, and hypothyroidism was diagnosed based on medical history or laboratory values. The association of interest was assessed using generalized linear models to calculate prevalence ratios (PR), adjusting for confounders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data from 398 patients were analyzed; the mean age was 34.3 years, and 70.6 % were female. Hypothyroidism and MASH prevalences were 9.5 % and 84 %, respectively. After adjustments for sex, age, BMI, insulin resistance, and smoking, hypothyroidism was associated with a 1.18-fold increased prevalence of MASH (adjusted PR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 1.07–1.30, p = 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Hypothyroidism was significantly associated with MASH in adults with obesity and without diabetes mellitus. This suggests a critical role of thyroid dysfunction in MASH pathogenesis, also underscoring the importance of considering thyroid health in MASH management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Postoperative pain is the most undesirable complication after surgery.Waist circumference can be a screening tool to determine overweight and abdominal obesity. Furthermore, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and pain have some proinflammatory features in common. The present study investigates the relationship between waist circumference and pain intensity after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
Methods
This cross-sectional study was directed at 160 candidates of LC referred to Afzalipour and Bahonar hospitals in Kerman from September to December 2022. All patients underwent general anesthesia and were operated on by the same surgery group. After each operation, the patient's clinical information form was again measured. The patient's pain level was objectively assessed based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scoring system when entering the recovery (0) and 12 and 24 h later. The amount of opioids (morphine and pethidine) and other painkillers (such as NSAIDs) consumed was also extracted from the patient records.
Results
In this study, 70 % of the patients had abdominal obesity. The mean pain intensity score in the recovery phase was significantly higher in patients with abdominal obesity. Also, the mean pain intensity score in patients with abdominal obesity who had a history of drug abuse or non-use of drugs was higher in the recovery phase than those without abdominal obesity. The frequency of narcotic drug distribution in patients with abdominal obesity in recovery and first 12 h was higher.
Conclusion
The pain intensity score in patients with abdominal obesity increased during recovery. Also, obese patients consume more analgesics.
{"title":"Is Abdominal Obesity A Predictor of Pain after Laparoscopic Surgery? Insights from a cross-sectional study","authors":"Morteza Hashemian , Habibeh Ahmadipour , Mohammad Shafiee , Alireza Shakeri , Kosha Keramati , Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh , Ladan Amirkhosravi","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Postoperative pain is the most undesirable complication after surgery.Waist circumference can be a screening tool to determine overweight and abdominal obesity. Furthermore, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and pain have some proinflammatory features in common. The present study investigates the relationship between waist circumference and pain intensity after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was directed at 160 candidates of LC referred to Afzalipour and Bahonar hospitals in Kerman from September to December 2022. All patients underwent general anesthesia and were operated on by the same surgery group. After each operation, the patient's clinical information form was again measured. The patient's pain level was objectively assessed based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scoring system when entering the recovery (0) and 12 and 24 h later. The amount of opioids (morphine and pethidine) and other painkillers (such as NSAIDs) consumed was also extracted from the patient records.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, 70 % of the patients had abdominal obesity. The mean pain intensity score in the recovery phase was significantly higher in patients with abdominal obesity. Also, the mean pain intensity score in patients with abdominal obesity who had a history of drug abuse or non-use of drugs was higher in the recovery phase than those without abdominal obesity. The frequency of narcotic drug distribution in patients with abdominal obesity in recovery and first 12 h was higher.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The pain intensity score in patients with abdominal obesity increased during recovery. Also, obese patients consume more analgesics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100609
Bhavya Sharma, Vaibhav Chaudhary, Sweta Kumari, Biplab Pal
Background and aims
Thyroid disorders are common in people with hypertension and diabetes. Given the rising spread of these conditions in India, this study determined the prevalence of thyroid disorders in Indian patients with hypertension and diabetes.
Methods
Literature search was done for studies published between 2000 and August 2024, reporting thyroid disorder prevalence in Indian patients with hypertension and diabetes. Analysis was conducted using RStudio, with subgroup analysis by region. Quality assessment was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Heterogeneity and publication bias were appraised.
Results
The pooled prevalence of thyroid disorders was 16.1 % (95 % CI: 1.8–67.2, I2 = 100 %, p < 0.01) in hypertensive patients and 23.8 % (95 % CI: 20.5–27.5, I2 = 95 %, p < 0.01) in diabetic patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism (47.5 %) was the most common thyroid disorder in diabetic patients, followed by hypothyroidism (39.7 %). Among diabetic patients, prevalence was 32.6 % in Eastern, 25.2 % in Northern, 24.5 % in Western, and 19.5 % in Southern region, with no significant differences (p = 0.12).
Conclusion
Thyroid disorders are common in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Routine screening and integrating thyroid monitoring into diabetes and hypertension care can improve outcomes. More research is needed to standardize diagnostic methods and identify risk factors.
{"title":"Prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes and hypertension in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Bhavya Sharma, Vaibhav Chaudhary, Sweta Kumari, Biplab Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Thyroid disorders are common in people with hypertension and diabetes. Given the rising spread of these conditions in India, this study determined the prevalence of thyroid disorders in Indian patients with hypertension and diabetes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Literature search was done for studies published between 2000 and August 2024, reporting thyroid disorder prevalence in Indian patients with hypertension and diabetes. Analysis was conducted using RStudio, with subgroup analysis by region. Quality assessment was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Heterogeneity and publication bias were appraised.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The pooled prevalence of thyroid disorders was 16.1 % (95 % CI: 1.8–67.2, I<sup>2</sup> = 100 %, <em>p</em> < 0.01) in hypertensive patients and 23.8 % (95 % CI: 20.5–27.5, I<sup>2</sup> = 95 %, <em>p</em> < 0.01) in diabetic patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism (47.5 %) was the most common thyroid disorder in diabetic patients, followed by hypothyroidism (39.7 %). Among diabetic patients, prevalence was 32.6 % in Eastern, 25.2 % in Northern, 24.5 % in Western, and 19.5 % in Southern region, with no significant differences (<em>p</em> = 0.12).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Thyroid disorders are common in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Routine screening and integrating thyroid monitoring into diabetes and hypertension care can improve outcomes. More research is needed to standardize diagnostic methods and identify risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100605
Abdullah Afridi , Fathimathul Henna , Umaima Cheema , Ayesha Sehar , Muhammad Fakhir Iftikhar Rana , Areej Dar , Bibi Hafza , Iqra khan , Laiba Ali Khan , Aafeen Mujeeb , Ayesha Khalid Sheikhani , Insha Habib , Muhammad Abdullah Ali , Momina Ali , Mizhgan Abid , Ansar Hussain
Introduction
Liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, has been explored for its potential benefits in managing paediatric obesity. This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of liraglutide compared to placebo in this paediatric population with obesity.
Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on liraglutide in children with obesity. Five studies with 247 participants were included. Primary outcomes included changes in BMI SDS, BMI, and body weight, and secondary outcomes included fasting serum insulin, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, SBP, DSP, and safety outcomes.
Results
The meta-analysis included five randomized controlled trials with 247 participants evaluating liraglutide in pediatric obesity. Liraglutide significantly reduced BMI SDS, with a pooled mean difference of −0.17 (p = 0.003), BMI (mean difference: 1.28, p = 0.0008), and body weight (mean difference: 1.83, p = 0.03). Secondary outcomes showed significant reductions in fasting serum insulin levels (pooled effect size: 0.39, p < 0.00001), but no significant effects were observed for DSP (p = 0.29), fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.07), HbA1c (p = 0.09), or systolic blood pressure (p = 0.09). Safety analysis revealed a higher incidence of adverse events in the treatment group (risk ratio: 1.25, p = 0.18), but no significant differences were found in serious adverse events or adverse events leading to therapy discontinuation.
Conclusions
Liraglutide is effective in reducing BMI SDS, BMI, and body weight in pediatric obesity. While it significantly reduces fasting serum insulin levels, other secondary outcomes did not show significant changes. The safety profile of liraglutide shows a higher incidence of adverse events but no increase in serious adverse events or discontinuation rates. These findings support liraglutide's role as an effective and manageable treatment option for pediatric obesity.
{"title":"“Efficacy and safety of liraglutide in pediatric Obesity:A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials”","authors":"Abdullah Afridi , Fathimathul Henna , Umaima Cheema , Ayesha Sehar , Muhammad Fakhir Iftikhar Rana , Areej Dar , Bibi Hafza , Iqra khan , Laiba Ali Khan , Aafeen Mujeeb , Ayesha Khalid Sheikhani , Insha Habib , Muhammad Abdullah Ali , Momina Ali , Mizhgan Abid , Ansar Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, has been explored for its potential benefits in managing paediatric obesity. This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of liraglutide compared to placebo in this paediatric population with obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on liraglutide in children with obesity. Five studies with 247 participants were included. Primary outcomes included changes in BMI SDS, BMI, and body weight, and secondary outcomes included fasting serum insulin, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, SBP, DSP, and safety outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The meta-analysis included five randomized controlled trials with 247 participants evaluating liraglutide in pediatric obesity. Liraglutide significantly reduced BMI SDS, with a pooled mean difference of −0.17 (p = 0.003), BMI (mean difference: 1.28, p = 0.0008), and body weight (mean difference: 1.83, p = 0.03). Secondary outcomes showed significant reductions in fasting serum insulin levels (pooled effect size: 0.39, p < 0.00001), but no significant effects were observed for DSP (p = 0.29), fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.07), HbA1c (p = 0.09), or systolic blood pressure (p = 0.09). Safety analysis revealed a higher incidence of adverse events in the treatment group (risk ratio: 1.25, p = 0.18), but no significant differences were found in serious adverse events or adverse events leading to therapy discontinuation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Liraglutide is effective in reducing BMI SDS, BMI, and body weight in pediatric obesity. While it significantly reduces fasting serum insulin levels, other secondary outcomes did not show significant changes. The safety profile of liraglutide shows a higher incidence of adverse events but no increase in serious adverse events or discontinuation rates. These findings support liraglutide's role as an effective and manageable treatment option for pediatric obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obesity is a complex medical condition characterized by excessive body fat, which poses significant health risks and affects various physiological systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher. In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has surged, emerging as a global public health crisis that intersects with various health issues, including infertility, particularly in women. This essay explores the mechanisms by which obesity impacts female fertility.
{"title":"The mechanisms of obesity and its effect on female infertility","authors":"Mahla Bakhtiyari , Seyed Mojtaba Heydari Khoormizi , Soheila pourmasumi","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a complex medical condition characterized by excessive body fat, which poses significant health risks and affects various physiological systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher. In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has surged, emerging as a global public health crisis that intersects with various health issues, including infertility, particularly in women. This essay explores the mechanisms by which obesity impacts female fertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100606
Larsa Naji Adam, Lina N. Adam
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility, affecting 90–95 % of women seeking fertility treatment. It is characterized by hormonal imbalances, such as elevated luteinizing hormone, androgens, and insulin, along with reduced follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These imbalances result in clinical features like oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and polycystic ovaries, and often lead to complications such as infertility, metabolic disorders, and increased cardiovascular risk. Epidemiological studies show significant regional and age-related variations in the prevalence of PCOS, highlighting the need for further research into its causes and future impact. The pathophysiology of PCOS is complex, involving genetic, endocrine, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Genetic contributors include mutations in the AR, FTO, and FSHR genes, while hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance are key endocrine disruptions. Environmental and lifestyle factors, such as diet, obesity, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, also worsen symptoms. Clinically, PCOS presents with a range of symptoms, including menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, infertility, obesity, and associated metabolic and cardiovascular risks. The condition also significantly affects mental health and quality of life. Emerging therapies, including personalized medicine and complementary approaches, offer promise for more effective, individualized treatments. This review provides an overview of PCOS, its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management options, with the aim of informing clinical practice and guiding future research.
{"title":"Comprehensive overview of polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathophysiology, clinical features, and emerging therapeutic approaches","authors":"Larsa Naji Adam, Lina N. Adam","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility, affecting 90–95 % of women seeking fertility treatment. It is characterized by hormonal imbalances, such as elevated luteinizing hormone, androgens, and insulin, along with reduced follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These imbalances result in clinical features like oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and polycystic ovaries, and often lead to complications such as infertility, metabolic disorders, and increased cardiovascular risk. Epidemiological studies show significant regional and age-related variations in the prevalence of PCOS, highlighting the need for further research into its causes and future impact. The pathophysiology of PCOS is complex, involving genetic, endocrine, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Genetic contributors include mutations in the AR, FTO, and FSHR genes, while hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance are key endocrine disruptions. Environmental and lifestyle factors, such as diet, obesity, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, also worsen symptoms. Clinically, PCOS presents with a range of symptoms, including menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, infertility, obesity, and associated metabolic and cardiovascular risks. The condition also significantly affects mental health and quality of life. Emerging therapies, including personalized medicine and complementary approaches, offer promise for more effective, individualized treatments. This review provides an overview of PCOS, its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management options, with the aim of informing clinical practice and guiding future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obesity is the underlying cause of several metabolic disorders, and regular endurance exercise (EE) is considered one of the main weight loss strategies. Since females have less muscle mass than males, maintaining muscle mass is crucial for them in specific exercise considerations and nutritional strategies designed to produce weight loss. This study aimed to investigate the response of serum levels of glycerol, urea, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol to performing an EE session following the consumption of animal and plant-based milk in overweight and obese young women.
Methods
After 8 h of overnight fasting, 10 female participants consumed 500 ml of water, low-fat cow's milk (LFCM), and soy milk (SM), randomly in three sessions, then performed 90-min EE at 65 % VO2max. Biochemical parameters were measured immediately before and after and 1 h after each session of EE.
Results
The glycerol level increased immediately after EE in the LFCM and water groups compared to the baseline (P < 0.001), and decreased 1 h after EE in both consumption groups compared to the immediately after EE (P values 0.002, <0.001; respectively). Despite the significant increase in urea level 1 h after EE compared to the baseline level with SM consumption (P < 0.001) and immediately and 1 h after EE compared to the baseline with LFCM consumption (P values 0.001, <0.001; respectively), the urea levels remained unchanged with water consumption. Cortisol level was decreased immediately and 1 h after EE in all three groups compared to the baseline (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Drinking LFCM and water before the EE under overnight fasting conditions similarly stimulates lipolysis, as evidenced by comparable increases in glycerol level. Additionally, SM consumption appears to enhance anti-degradation pathways of muscle proteins compared to LFCM, based on lower urea levels post-exercise.
{"title":"The acute effects of animal and plant-based milk intake before endurance exercise in overweight and obese women: Interplay between lipolysis and proteolysis","authors":"Soheila Moghaddam Eftekhari , Marziyeh Saghebjoo , Fatemeh Islami , Fereshteh Ahmadabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div><em>Obesity is</em> the underlying cause of several <em>metabolic disorders, and regular endurance exercise (EE) is considered one of the main weight loss strategies. Since females have less muscle mass than males, maintaining muscle mass is crucial for them in specific exercise considerations and nutritional strategies designed to produce weight loss.</em> This study aimed to investigate the response of serum levels of glycerol, urea, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol to performing an EE session following the consumption of animal and plant-based milk in overweight and obese young women.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>After 8 h of overnight fasting, 10 female participants consumed 500 ml of water, low-fat cow's milk (LFCM), and soy milk (SM), randomly in three sessions, then performed 90-min EE at 65 % VO2max. Biochemical parameters were measured immediately before and after and 1 h after each session of EE.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The glycerol level increased immediately after EE in the LFCM and water groups compared to the baseline (P < 0.001), and decreased 1 h after EE in both consumption groups compared to the immediately after EE (P values 0.002, <0.001; respectively). Despite the significant increase in urea level 1 h after EE compared to the baseline level with SM consumption (P < 0.001) and immediately and 1 h after EE compared to the baseline with LFCM consumption (P values 0.001, <0.001; respectively), the urea levels remained unchanged with water consumption. Cortisol level was decreased immediately and 1 h after EE in all three groups compared to the baseline (P < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Drinking LFCM and water before the EE under overnight fasting conditions similarly stimulates lipolysis, as evidenced by comparable increases in glycerol level. Additionally, SM consumption appears to enhance anti-degradation pathways of muscle proteins compared to LFCM, based on lower urea levels post-exercise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37876,"journal":{"name":"Obesity Medicine","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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