Obesity Medicine最新文献

When considering statin medication for individuals with diabetes mellitus, conducting a comprehensive risk-benefit analysis becomes crucial. Community pharmacists are vital in mitigating the potential impact of statin drugs on renal function and optimizing pharmaceutical management for diabetic patients. They employ various strategies to carefully balance the effects of statins on renal function in individuals with diabetes. Pharmacists collaborate closely with other healthcare professionals, such as physicians and nephrologists, to establish a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medical history and kidney function. Pharmacists play a crucial role in evaluating renal function and identifying underlying kidney disease by acquiring and analyzing relevant laboratory data, including serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In conclusion, the impact of diabetes and statin drugs on renal function remains a subject of ongoing discussion in the pharmaceutical field. Community pharmacists, through collaboration with healthcare specialists, meticulous monitoring and adjustment of medication regimens, patient education, and support for lifestyle changes, optimize therapy to minimize the potential impact on renal health while ensuring optimal lipid management.

Globally, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is increasing, with well-known impacts on calcium metabolism and bone health. It appears attractive to hypothesize that the exocrine and endocrine system of vitamin D (VD) has effects towards skin, intestine, bone and skeletal muscles. Therefore, there have been a number of casual or risk factors demonstrated previously against VDD. Such proposition fits with wide variety of activity on the nuclear receptor and their family members. Therefore, the deprived VD status has been related to various health problems in humans, associated with a number of diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, arthritis, obesity, diabetes, immunity, and cardiovascular diseases etc. The VDD is become very common in our day-to-day life; and the prevalence rate showed US, Canada, Europe, India, Tunisia, Pakistan, and Afghanistan were found to be the top VDD countries worldwide. Whilst, this review collated the reported role of VD and vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its possible mechanism targeting various disease.

Background

The global prevalence of obesity in all age groups is increasing in developing or developed countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the overall prevalence of general obesity (GO), overweight (OW), and abdominal obesity (AO) in Iranian university students (IUSs).

Methods

Eligible articles were collected based on systematic searching using the main keywords of “Obesity”, “Overweight”, “Abdominal Obesity”, and “Students” in SID, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. Following screenings and quality assessment of the papers, the final included articles with available data were entered into the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA). The heterogeneity index (I²) was assessed and the publication bias was considered through the Egger test.

Results

Following the selection of 10 studies (total sample size = 6831 IUSs), the overall GO prevalence in IUSs was detected 5.1% (95% CI:1.6–15.4), the overall OW prevalence was 17.7% (95% CI:12.5–24.5), The overall AO prevalence in IUSs was detected 12.5% (CI95% = 9.1–16.9). the highest OW prevalence was detected 15% (95% CI:10.4–21.3) in male IUSs, and the highest AO prevalence was reported 11.4% (95% CI:6.2–20.2) in male IUSs.

Conclusion

Although the GO prevalence was not found high in IUSs, the prevalence of OW and AO were detected at a high level, especially in male students. Thus, planning effective educational measures in universities seems necessary to prevent the associated obesity complications. Health policymakers and the officials of the Ministry of Health, Science, Research and Technology are recommended to establish special attention to the nutrition and physical activity of male students.

Leptin is expressed in white adipocytes, but not in brown adipocytes. Circulating levels of leptin are determined by the endocrine activity of white adipose tissues. Leptin expression and secretion is regulated by hormones, neurotransmitters and triglyceride content in adipocytes. However, the role of metabolites remains largely unknown in leptin expression and secretion. This status has been broken by a recent study of succinate regulation of leptin secretion in adipocytes. As a mitochondrial metabolite, succinate level is elevated in the blood in obesity. The exact tissue source remains unknown for the elevated succinate, but succinate is able to activate its G protein-coupled receptor 1 (SUCNR1) in adipocytes to induce expression and secretion of leptin. Signaling pathway of the receptor is AMPK/JNK/C/EBP-α. Succinate is a representative of metabolites in the control of leptin expression.

Background and aim

Bisphenol -A and –S (BPA and BPS), chemicals used in food packaging, have been associated with risk of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between BPA, BPS and oxidative stress with lipid profiles and changes on blood glucose induced via aerobic exercise assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Methods

Male and female young adults (23.52 ± 2.47 yrs old) participated in 2 separate testing days. On both days, an OGTT was performed, wherein blood glucose was measured before Maltodextrin consumption and following 30-, 60-, and 75-min. On the exercising day, subjects ran for 30-min while they remained seated on the resting day. Urinary BPA, BPS and 8-isoprostane (a marker of oxidative stress) were assessed each day. Lipid profile, body fat percentage and physical fitness was also analyzed.

Results

Blood glucose uptake of both experimental days was negatively associated with body fat (r = −0.52 resting and −0.51 exercising) and to 8-isoprostane on the exercising day (ρ = −0.47). Urinary BPA and BPS were positively associated with 8-isoprostane (ρ = 0.73, for both bisphenols). BPA and 8-isoprostane were negatively correlated with physical fitness (ρ = −0.58 and −0.74, respectively) while 8-isoprostane was negatively associated with increased HDL (ρ = −0.47).

Conclusions

The interrelation between 8-isoprostane and both BPA and BPS suggest that oxidative stress could be the link between the harmful effect of these chemicals on the human body.

Objective

Asprosin is a newly discovered hormone that is primarily secreted by white adipose tissue and plays a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism. Recent studies have shown that asprosin levels are significantly elevated in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which suggests that it may play a role in the pathogenesis of this condition. The idea of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise during pregnancy on serum asprosin concentration in rats with GDM.

Materials and methods

Forty female Wistar rats (weighing 250–270 g) were randomly assigned into four groups: control (Ctr) group, control + Exercise (Ctr + Exc) group, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group, and GDM + Exercise (GDM + Exc) group. Ctr + Exc and GDM + Exc groups underwent treadmill exercise during pregnancy. Maternal weight during pregnancy period, birth weight of offspring, levels of fasting blood glucose (FBS), insulin and asprosin level were measured.

Results

Serum Asprosin concentration in the GDM group was significantly higher than Ctr and Ctr + Exc groups (P < 0.0001), on the other hand, asprosin level in the GDM + Exc group was significantly lower than in the GDM group (P < 0.0001).

The weight of the GDM group was significantly higher than the Ctr and Ctr + Exc groups at 20th day of gestation (P > 0.05). Serum FBS and insulin levels in the GDM + Exc group were significantly lower than GDM group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusion

Based on the results of our study, treadmill exercise can be an effective intervention to regulate asprosin secretion and metabolism, as a preferred non-pharmacological treatment in GDM.

Emotional eating is a crucial factor cause of obesity. Although the factors affecting emotional eating in obesity are diverse, they are still not fully clarified. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether blood group and Rh factor changes influence emotional eating in obesity among control and obesity groups. The baseline characteristics, emotional eating (EEQ) scores, and body composition differences were investigated in a sample of female outpatients (n = 151) aged 18–65 years old attending the clinic. The Control group (n = 47) was formed from non-obese individuals. Bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were determined using a bioimpedance device (Tanita-BC418). Body height was measured on a flat surface without shoes. Participants completed the emotional eating questionnaire (EEQ) scores and Beck depression scale after body analysis. Blood group information was determined by the gel column method using agglutination techniques. The study findings demonstrated significant differences in EEQ scores between Rh-positive and Rh-negative individuals. Rh-positive individuals had higher EEQ scores compared to Rh-negative individuals. We observed a positive correlation between BMI and depression scores and emotional eating in the obese group with blood type ‘A. In the obese group, positive correlations were found between EEQ scores and BMI and between EEQ scores and Beck depression scores in individuals with blood types A and O, respectively. These findings provide insights into the demographic and anthropometric characteristics, emotional eating patterns, and body composition differences among individuals with different blood types, particularly concerning obesity. These results contribute to understanding how blood types may interact with psychological and physiological factors in the context of obesity.

The incidence and prevalence of obesity-mediated cardiometabolic complications are increasing gradually worldwide. In the elderly population, sarcopenic obesity causes significant changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Early assessment and strategic treatment patterns for sarcopenic obesity is crucial in preventing the development and worsening of metabolic conditions like diabetes, renal, hepatic complications, cardiovascular dysfunction, etc. Plant-derived medicines have a long history of use in various chronic complications. Since the majority of the patient believe alternative therapies are inherently safe. Existing preclinical and clinical studies ensure that most bioactive compounds play a significant role in glucose and lipid homeostasis.

Mobile applications for weight-loss can be an ally in clinical practice for the treatment of overweight and obesity. This has led to focus efforts on the development of this type of app. Moreover, the topic has attracted the interest of the scientific community with respect to design and usability. Nevertheless, despite the growing quantity of research there has not as yet been a focus on weight-loss applications in the Spanish-speaking market. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the quality and usability of the most popular weight-loss apps in this kind of market. To do so, we have taken into account engagement, functionality, aesthetics, quality of information, and weight-loss strategies employed. Our analysis found that the use of apps is concentrated in a low number, and whilst they are rated positively by users, they lack scientific backing.

Introduction

Parkinson's disease is considered one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases after Alzheimer's and is characterized by a complex pathological nature. Obesity is a highly prevalent disease that is key to many chronic diseases. Recent research has focused on the association between obesity, high-fat diets, neurotoxins, and Parkinson's disease.

Objectives

This review aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet on Parkinson's biomarkers in the brain and the mechanisms by which obesity related to a high-fat diet provokes neurotoxins and proteins and contributes to the development of Parkinson's.

Methods and materials

Data were collected by searching literature published in PubMed, Science Direct, or registered in clinicaTrials.gov between April/2022 to September/2022. Full-text relevant original articles were included, which were published from 2000 to 2022. The exclusion criteria were abstracts, conference proceedings, case reports, and non-English language studies.

Results and conclusion

Studies have shown an association between a high-fat diet (40–60%) and the alteration in Parkinson's biomarkers in the brain. Obesity and high fat intake alter Parkinson's biomarkers, provoke neurotoxins, and induce neurotoxicity and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within weeks or months. Also, findings showed that studies focused on certain biomarkers and fat percentages. However, many did not mention the amount and ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the dietary intervention, which could be a potential contributor. Therefore, more research is required to provide information about all biomarkers, especially those shared with Alzheimer's, and the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the neuroinflammation process.