The compound axis tracking control circuits model of the ATP system was established and simulation was run on the tracking control performance of the ATP system. It was found through simulation that with the fixed coarse tracking error, the dynamic lag error in the coarse tracking servo system could be suppressed to 120μrad; and with the fixed fine tracking error, the dynamic lag error in the fine tracking servo system could be restrained to 2.73μrad, and the vibration residual could be controlled within 1.5μrad.
{"title":"Simulation research on ATP system of airborne laser communication","authors":"Zhongyi Zhao, Hailong Huang","doi":"10.1117/12.2182043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2182043","url":null,"abstract":"The compound axis tracking control circuits model of the ATP system was established and simulation was run on the tracking control performance of the ATP system. It was found through simulation that with the fixed coarse tracking error, the dynamic lag error in the coarse tracking servo system could be suppressed to 120μrad; and with the fixed fine tracking error, the dynamic lag error in the fine tracking servo system could be restrained to 2.73μrad, and the vibration residual could be controlled within 1.5μrad.","PeriodicalId":380636,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114032264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenxian Fu, Yurong Lin, Yang Liu, Xing-lin Chen, Fanghui Chen
A parameter estimation approach is proposed for parameter determination of a 3-axis air-bearing suspended test table. The table is to provide a balanced and frictionless environment for spacecraft ground test. To balance the suspension, the mechanical parameters of the table, including its angular inertias and centroid deviation from its rotating center, have to be determined first. Then sliding masses on the table can be adjusted by stepper motors to relocate the centroid of the table to its rotating center. Using the angular momentum theorem and the coriolis theorem, dynamic equations are derived describing the rotation of the table under the influence of gravity imbalance torque and activating torques. To generate the actuating torques, use of momentum wheels is proposed, whose virtue is that no active control is required to the momentum wheels, which merely have to spin at constant rates, thus avoiding the singularity problem and the difficulty of precisely adjusting the output torques, issues associated with control moment gyros. The gyroscopic torques generated by the momentum wheels, as they are forced by the table to precess, are sufficient to activate the table for parameter estimation. Then least-square estimation is be employed to calculate the desired parameters. The effectiveness of the method is validated by simulation.
{"title":"Parameter estimation of an air-bearing suspended test table","authors":"Zhenxian Fu, Yurong Lin, Yang Liu, Xing-lin Chen, Fanghui Chen","doi":"10.1117/12.2182268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2182268","url":null,"abstract":"A parameter estimation approach is proposed for parameter determination of a 3-axis air-bearing suspended test table. The table is to provide a balanced and frictionless environment for spacecraft ground test. To balance the suspension, the mechanical parameters of the table, including its angular inertias and centroid deviation from its rotating center, have to be determined first. Then sliding masses on the table can be adjusted by stepper motors to relocate the centroid of the table to its rotating center. Using the angular momentum theorem and the coriolis theorem, dynamic equations are derived describing the rotation of the table under the influence of gravity imbalance torque and activating torques. To generate the actuating torques, use of momentum wheels is proposed, whose virtue is that no active control is required to the momentum wheels, which merely have to spin at constant rates, thus avoiding the singularity problem and the difficulty of precisely adjusting the output torques, issues associated with control moment gyros. The gyroscopic torques generated by the momentum wheels, as they are forced by the table to precess, are sufficient to activate the table for parameter estimation. Then least-square estimation is be employed to calculate the desired parameters. The effectiveness of the method is validated by simulation.","PeriodicalId":380636,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116672240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a novel fabrication methodology for generating superhydrophobic surfaces on stainless steel. The Wire Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) technique was utilized to change the wettability of stainless steel which is generally hydrophilic. Superhydrophobic surfaces were obtained on the stainless steel by strictly control the machining progress. The mechanism of wettability modulation was explored using the well-established surface metrology and characterisation instruments. It was noted that WEDM can be used to generate a recast layer on stainless steel surface. There was a number of hierarchic micro-structures in the irregular recast layer and the number of micro-holes increases the contact area between the water drop and the top surface of stainless steel. Thus, the contact angle was significantly increased and the wettability of stainless steel changed from hydrophilic into hydrophobic. Compared with other established fabrication approaches, the stainless steel based hydrophobic surface can provide long durability, high efficiency and low cost metallic surfaces, which paves the way for the practical applications of stainless steel hydrophobic surfaces in the academic and engineering fields.
{"title":"Generation of stainless steel superhydrophobic surfaces using WEDM technique","authors":"Yanling Tian, Xianping Liu, H. Qi","doi":"10.1117/12.2181976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2181976","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel fabrication methodology for generating superhydrophobic surfaces on stainless steel. The Wire Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) technique was utilized to change the wettability of stainless steel which is generally hydrophilic. Superhydrophobic surfaces were obtained on the stainless steel by strictly control the machining progress. The mechanism of wettability modulation was explored using the well-established surface metrology and characterisation instruments. It was noted that WEDM can be used to generate a recast layer on stainless steel surface. There was a number of hierarchic micro-structures in the irregular recast layer and the number of micro-holes increases the contact area between the water drop and the top surface of stainless steel. Thus, the contact angle was significantly increased and the wettability of stainless steel changed from hydrophilic into hydrophobic. Compared with other established fabrication approaches, the stainless steel based hydrophobic surface can provide long durability, high efficiency and low cost metallic surfaces, which paves the way for the practical applications of stainless steel hydrophobic surfaces in the academic and engineering fields.","PeriodicalId":380636,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117061713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experimental blue-green laser communication system was developed using optical pulse position modulation (PPM) to study the feasibility of high-rate underwater communication among submerged objects. As a primary optical modulation means, PPM modulation is reviewed firstly. By comparison with other means, the conclusion was drawn that PPM has lower power requirement and it is a near optimal modulation for background-limited optical communications. For establishing laser beam propagating through the channel with modulated information through different pulse positions from the transmitter to the receiver, the transmitter subsystem and the receiver subsystem are developed and the key techniques are described separately in detail. Results indicated that the whole blue-green communication system was compact, efficient, reliable and inexpensive, and achieved a high-speed rate communication up to megabits per second and a reasonably low error rates.
{"title":"Design of transmitter and receiver for experimental blue-green laser communication system","authors":"Tao Xu, Xiaolu Chen, Dong Wen, Xiaolei Sun","doi":"10.1117/12.2180955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180955","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental blue-green laser communication system was developed using optical pulse position modulation (PPM) to study the feasibility of high-rate underwater communication among submerged objects. As a primary optical modulation means, PPM modulation is reviewed firstly. By comparison with other means, the conclusion was drawn that PPM has lower power requirement and it is a near optimal modulation for background-limited optical communications. For establishing laser beam propagating through the channel with modulated information through different pulse positions from the transmitter to the receiver, the transmitter subsystem and the receiver subsystem are developed and the key techniques are described separately in detail. Results indicated that the whole blue-green communication system was compact, efficient, reliable and inexpensive, and achieved a high-speed rate communication up to megabits per second and a reasonably low error rates.","PeriodicalId":380636,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123066723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A vision-based on-machine measurement system (OMM) was developed to improve manufacturing effectiveness. It was based on a visual probe to enable the CNC machine tool itself to act as a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to inspect a workpiece. The proposed OMM system was composed of a visual probe and two software modules: computer-aided inspection planning (CAIP) module and measurement data processing (MDP) module. The auto-focus function of the visual probe was realized by using astigmatic method. The CAIP module was developed based on a CAD development platform with Open CASCADE as its kernel. The MDP module includes some algorithms for determination of inspection parameters, for example, the chamfered hole was measured through focus variation. The entire system was consequently verified on a CNC milling machine.
{"title":"Vision-based on-machine measurement for CNC machine tool","authors":"Rui-xue Xia, Jiang Han, R. Lu, L. Xia","doi":"10.1117/12.2181185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2181185","url":null,"abstract":"A vision-based on-machine measurement system (OMM) was developed to improve manufacturing effectiveness. It was based on a visual probe to enable the CNC machine tool itself to act as a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to inspect a workpiece. The proposed OMM system was composed of a visual probe and two software modules: computer-aided inspection planning (CAIP) module and measurement data processing (MDP) module. The auto-focus function of the visual probe was realized by using astigmatic method. The CAIP module was developed based on a CAD development platform with Open CASCADE as its kernel. The MDP module includes some algorithms for determination of inspection parameters, for example, the chamfered hole was measured through focus variation. The entire system was consequently verified on a CNC milling machine.","PeriodicalId":380636,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123427301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haihua Cui, Zhimin Zhao, Ming Tang, Changye Guo, Jinping Weng
This paper presents a novel registration method by encoding feature point identification and spatial location to make the registration of 3D measurement easy. A new proposed decoding algorithm based on polar coordinate segmentation is first used for identification feature point, the feature points are then measured and constructed. The overlapped 3D measurement feature points within two views are used to unify coordinate system, so the feature points of each view are achieved for global spatial location. The object is finally measured with any view which only contains at least three feature points. The unconstrained 3D registration is acquired with the feature points matching between single measurement view and global spatial points. Our experiments show that the proposed method is convenient and effective, and greatly enhances the flexibility of 3D measurement applications.
{"title":"Multi-view 3D measurement data registration based on encoding point spatial location and match","authors":"Haihua Cui, Zhimin Zhao, Ming Tang, Changye Guo, Jinping Weng","doi":"10.1117/12.2182398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2182398","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel registration method by encoding feature point identification and spatial location to make the registration of 3D measurement easy. A new proposed decoding algorithm based on polar coordinate segmentation is first used for identification feature point, the feature points are then measured and constructed. The overlapped 3D measurement feature points within two views are used to unify coordinate system, so the feature points of each view are achieved for global spatial location. The object is finally measured with any view which only contains at least three feature points. The unconstrained 3D registration is acquired with the feature points matching between single measurement view and global spatial points. Our experiments show that the proposed method is convenient and effective, and greatly enhances the flexibility of 3D measurement applications.","PeriodicalId":380636,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124739387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Now the basic structures of capacitive sensors always use cylindrical fixed electrodes and the measurement for different diameter hole requires different specifications of sensor probe. For the shortfall of the measurement method for hole profile with capacitive sensor, this paper introduces the principle of capacitive sensor for micro/mini hole measurement and the capacitance-based device used in different diameter micro/mini holes’ profile measurement through the structural improvements of the capacitive sensor probe, then simulation and error analysis are conducted. The simulation results indicate the error is less than 5%, and it verifies the feasibility of the profile measurement principle for different diameter hole with capacitance sensor.
{"title":"Non-contact measurement for profile of different diameter micro/mini holes with capacitance sensor","authors":"Liyan Zhu, Wen Wang, Ke-qing Lu, Z. Fan","doi":"10.1117/12.2180844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180844","url":null,"abstract":"Now the basic structures of capacitive sensors always use cylindrical fixed electrodes and the measurement for different diameter hole requires different specifications of sensor probe. For the shortfall of the measurement method for hole profile with capacitive sensor, this paper introduces the principle of capacitive sensor for micro/mini hole measurement and the capacitance-based device used in different diameter micro/mini holes’ profile measurement through the structural improvements of the capacitive sensor probe, then simulation and error analysis are conducted. The simulation results indicate the error is less than 5%, and it verifies the feasibility of the profile measurement principle for different diameter hole with capacitance sensor.","PeriodicalId":380636,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123296808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the long-time working circle, the wheels will be damaged to a certain degree caused by the wearing, the impact, the loads, the climate and so on. In order to evaluate the health of the wheels and reduce the potential losses, many effective methods are used in railway health monitoring, such as laser method or ultrasonic method. But few of them can reach the demand of the real-time online detection, and integrate more comprehensive inspection function at the same time. A composite detection scheme for wheel-tread defects based on FBG sensing technique has been investigated in this paper. By collecting and analyzing the data from the sensors which are distributed on tracks and rails, we can precisely evaluate the Wheel-flats and also measure some other parameters used in rail health monitoring scheme such as speed, loads and axle counting measurement.
{"title":"The detection of wheel-flats based on fiber optic Bragg grating array","authors":"Qiushi Mi, Xiaorong Gao, Hongna Zhu, Jianqiang Guo, Ze-yong Wang, Quan-ke Zhao","doi":"10.1117/12.2181235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2181235","url":null,"abstract":"During the long-time working circle, the wheels will be damaged to a certain degree caused by the wearing, the impact, the loads, the climate and so on. In order to evaluate the health of the wheels and reduce the potential losses, many effective methods are used in railway health monitoring, such as laser method or ultrasonic method. But few of them can reach the demand of the real-time online detection, and integrate more comprehensive inspection function at the same time. A composite detection scheme for wheel-tread defects based on FBG sensing technique has been investigated in this paper. By collecting and analyzing the data from the sensors which are distributed on tracks and rails, we can precisely evaluate the Wheel-flats and also measure some other parameters used in rail health monitoring scheme such as speed, loads and axle counting measurement.","PeriodicalId":380636,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128513130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cunbao Lin, Shuhua Yan, Z. Du, Chun-hua Wei, Guochao Wang
A novel low-noise front-end electronics was proposed for detection of light signals with intensity about 10 μW and frequency above 2.7 MHz. The direct current (DC) power supply, pre-amplifier and main-amplifier were first designed, simulated and then realized. Small-size components were used to make the power supply small, and the pre-amplifier and main-amplifier were the least capacitors to avoid the phase shift of the signals. The performance of the developed front-end electronics was verified in cross-grating diffraction experiments. The results indicated that the output peak-topeak noise of the ±5 V DC power supply was about 2 mV, and the total output current was 1.25 A. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the output signal of the pre-amplifier was about 50 dB, and it increased to nearly 60 dB after the mainamplifier, which means this front-end electronics was especially suitable for using in the phase-sensitive and integrated precision measurement systems.
{"title":"Low-noise front-end electronics for detection of intermediate-frequency weak light signals","authors":"Cunbao Lin, Shuhua Yan, Z. Du, Chun-hua Wei, Guochao Wang","doi":"10.1117/12.2180825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180825","url":null,"abstract":"A novel low-noise front-end electronics was proposed for detection of light signals with intensity about 10 μW and frequency above 2.7 MHz. The direct current (DC) power supply, pre-amplifier and main-amplifier were first designed, simulated and then realized. Small-size components were used to make the power supply small, and the pre-amplifier and main-amplifier were the least capacitors to avoid the phase shift of the signals. The performance of the developed front-end electronics was verified in cross-grating diffraction experiments. The results indicated that the output peak-topeak noise of the ±5 V DC power supply was about 2 mV, and the total output current was 1.25 A. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the output signal of the pre-amplifier was about 50 dB, and it increased to nearly 60 dB after the mainamplifier, which means this front-end electronics was especially suitable for using in the phase-sensitive and integrated precision measurement systems.","PeriodicalId":380636,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128905547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, there are many kinds of magnetic field sensors such as Hall sensor, Gauss meter and so on. But few of them can be used in the small air gaps which size is about millimeter. A thin-slice Giant Magnetostrictive Material-fiber Bragg grating (GMM–FBG) magnetic field sensor was proposed with the size of 14mm×7mm×1.5mm. The FBG was bonded along the GMM slice length orientation, perpendicular to the major magnetostriction orientation, to measure the GMM’s strain caused by external magnetic field. Experiment systems were established to test the GMM–FBG sensor’s static and dynamic properties. The results show that the sensor’s static property is consistent with the theoretical prediction, and the dynamic response is feasible in low frequencies from 1Hz to 20Hz.
{"title":"Static and dynamic property experiments of giant magnetostrictive material-fiber Bragg grating magnetic field sensors","authors":"Guoping Ding, Jiayi Liu, Bin Gao, Biyun Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.2181344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2181344","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, there are many kinds of magnetic field sensors such as Hall sensor, Gauss meter and so on. But few of them can be used in the small air gaps which size is about millimeter. A thin-slice Giant Magnetostrictive Material-fiber Bragg grating (GMM–FBG) magnetic field sensor was proposed with the size of 14mm×7mm×1.5mm. The FBG was bonded along the GMM slice length orientation, perpendicular to the major magnetostriction orientation, to measure the GMM’s strain caused by external magnetic field. Experiment systems were established to test the GMM–FBG sensor’s static and dynamic properties. The results show that the sensor’s static property is consistent with the theoretical prediction, and the dynamic response is feasible in low frequencies from 1Hz to 20Hz.","PeriodicalId":380636,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121805389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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