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An exploratory look at the role of ownership in initial coin offerings (ICO): Different audiences and ICO success 探究所有权在首次代币发行(ICO)中的作用:不同的受众和ICO的成功
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00438
Serhan Kotiloglu, M. Paola Ometto

Initial coin offering (ICO) is a Web-3 based financing method for ventures, which allows them to use digital assets (e.g., tokens) to raise capital. During an ICO, the entrepreneur has control on ownership; they can choose to issue a very small number of tokens which would allow them to keep “their skin in the game” and retain ownership, or issue all the tokens they hold, which would distribute ownership to investors and have a community-decentralized orientation. While previous literature has identified several factors of ICO success, they have not delved into the role of ownership in ICO success. In this study, we explore whether retaining or distributing ownership during an ICO is more beneficial for raising capital. We find a two-pronged explanation. When looking at ICOs maintaining a higher level of ownership, entrepreneurs are catering to corporate-market logic investors, and we see a U relationship where the optimal percentage in which the entrepreneurs show they have skin in the game at the same time as giving enough to investors. But then, there are ICOs distributing most of its ownership in which entrepreneurs are attracting community-oriented investors, and as such, the higher the distribution the higher the investment. We propose that this is related to how there are different investors audiences’ that will value different practices and ideals and choose differently on what types of projects to invest in. Our research elucidates this new funding source. Nonetheless, future research should investigate these exploratory findings.

首次代币发行(ICO)是一种基于Web-3的企业融资方式,允许他们使用数字资产(例如代币)来筹集资金。在ICO期间,企业家对所有权拥有控制权;他们可以选择发行非常少量的代币,这将使他们能够保持“他们的皮肤在游戏中”并保留所有权,或者发行他们持有的所有代币,这将把所有权分配给投资者并具有社区去中心化的方向。虽然以前的文献已经确定了ICO成功的几个因素,但他们并没有深入研究所有权在ICO成功中的作用。在本研究中,我们探讨了在ICO期间保留或分配所有权是否更有利于筹集资金。我们找到了两方面的解释。当看到ico保持较高的所有权水平时,企业家正在迎合企业市场逻辑投资者,我们看到一个U关系,即企业家表现出他们在游戏中有利益的最佳百分比,同时向投资者提供足够的资金。但是,有ico分配了大部分所有权,其中企业家吸引了面向社区的投资者,因此,分配越高,投资就越高。我们认为,这与不同的投资者受众如何重视不同的实践和理想,并对投资哪种类型的项目做出不同的选择有关。我们的研究阐明了这种新的资金来源。尽管如此,未来的研究应该调查这些探索性的发现。
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引用次数: 0
Crowdfunding and too much choice: A recipe for disappointment 众筹和太多选择:令人失望的秘诀
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00436
Ramy Elitzur , Peri Muttath , David Soberman

In this study, we investigate the effects of reward options and their prices on crowdfunding success. Rational economics predicts that the more choice potential contributors have, the more likely it is that they find a reward option that stimulates participation. However, experiments in behavioral economics and marketing show that providing someone with excessive choice (overchoice) might adversely affect participation. Using data collected from Kickstarter, a well-known crowdfunding website, we demonstrate the existence of the overchoice phenomenon in the context of crowdfunding, i.e., an inverted U-shaped relationship between reward options and crowdfunding performance.

在本研究中,我们探讨了奖励选项及其价格对众筹成功的影响。理性经济学预测,潜在贡献者的选择越多,他们就越有可能找到刺激参与的奖励选项。然而,行为经济学和市场营销的实验表明,向某人提供过多的选择(overchoice)可能会对参与产生不利影响。我们利用知名众筹网站Kickstarter的数据,论证了众筹环境下存在着过度选择现象,即奖励选择与众筹绩效呈倒u型关系。
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引用次数: 1
How do impact investors leverage non-financial strategies to create value? An impact-oriented value framework 影响力投资者如何利用非财务策略来创造价值?面向影响的价值框架
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00435
Pola Nachyła , Rachida Justo

One of the ways to understand the success of impact investing firms is to examine how they add value to the social enterprises they invest. Did their investment boost social and/or environmental change? And what type of support, beyond financial capital, can they provide to enhance impact? Drawing on a design-based methodology, we seek to address some of these questions by developing a tool called the Impact Oriented Value Framework. Putting impact at the centre of the funds' purpose, the framework provides actionable solutions to infuse impact into investors’ non-financial support strategies and activities, enhancing their additionality to portfolio companies as well as their contribution to the impact ecosystem.

了解影响力投资公司成功的方法之一是考察它们如何为所投资的社会企业增加价值。他们的投资是否促进了社会和/或环境的变化?除了金融资本之外,他们还能提供什么样的支持来增强影响力?利用基于设计的方法论,我们试图通过开发一种名为“面向影响的价值框架”的工具来解决其中的一些问题。该框架将影响力置于基金宗旨的中心,提供了可操作的解决方案,为投资者的非金融支持战略和活动注入影响力,增强其对投资组合公司的附加性以及对影响力生态系统的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Bridging worlds: The intersection of religion and entrepreneurship as meaningful heterodoxy 连接世界:宗教和企业家精神作为有意义的异端的交集
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00406
Brett Smith , Ali Aslan Gümüsay , David M. Townsend
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引用次数: 9
Creation of the entrepreneurial personality scale: Removing conceptual and empirical barriers from the study of personality and entrepreneurship 创业人格量表的创建:消除人格与创业研究的概念和经验障碍
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00398
Matt C. Howard
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引用次数: 0
When the going gets tough: Stressors and purpose in life among social and commercial entrepreneurs 当事情变得艰难:社会和商业企业家生活中的压力源和目标
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00434
Sean M. Dwyer , Michael Lerman , David Gras

Described as the presence of significance, meaning, and goal-directedness in one's life, purpose in life has received much attention in psychology and well-being research due to its association with psychological well-being. However, research on the relationship between entrepreneurship and purpose in life remains nascent. In this study, we explore differences in purpose in life between social entrepreneurs and commercial entrepreneurs. We find that social entrepreneurs, on average, exhibit higher levels of purpose in life than commercial entrepreneurs. We further find that social entrepreneurs are more likely to retain purpose in life in the face of hindrance stressors than their commercial entrepreneur counterparts. We discuss theoretical implications for social entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial well-being literatures.

生活目的被描述为一个人的生活中存在的意义、意义和目标导向,由于它与心理健康的联系,在心理学和幸福感研究中受到了很多关注。然而,关于创业精神和人生目标之间关系的研究仍处于起步阶段。在本研究中,我们探讨了社会企业家和商业企业家在生活目标上的差异。我们发现,平均而言,社会企业家比商业企业家表现出更高水平的人生目标。我们进一步发现,与商业企业家相比,社会企业家在面对障碍压力时更有可能保持生活目标。我们讨论了社会企业家精神和企业家幸福感文献的理论含义。
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引用次数: 0
Founding Editorial Board 创始编辑委员会
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-6734(23)00072-0
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引用次数: 0
Why don’t you like me? Exploring the social venture funding gap in angel investing 你为什么不喜欢我?探析天使投资中的社会风险投资缺口
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00433
Henrik Wesemann , Torben Antretter

While many studies on the social venture funding gap have focused on venture-level factors to explain why social ventures receive less funding, the role of investors and their characteristics has received less attention. In this study, we propose that the reason for much of the funding gap is that many angel investors lack the analytical capabilities required to assess double bottom lines. Drawing on the literature on human capital in angel investing, we use data on 19,757 investment decisions by 1,428 angel investors from a large angel investment network to investigate the relationship between venture type, angel investor analytical capability, and investment likelihood. We find that the reluctance to invest into social ventures disappears for analytically capable angel investors (those who are relatively educated, experienced, and connected). These findings demonstrate the importance of investor human capital in social venture funding and closing the funding gap.

虽然许多关于社会创业资金缺口的研究都集中在风险层面的因素上,以解释为什么社会创业企业获得的资金较少,但投资者的作用及其特征却很少受到关注。在这项研究中,我们提出,大部分资金缺口的原因是许多天使投资者缺乏评估双重底线所需的分析能力。本文借鉴天使投资人力资本相关文献,利用来自大型天使投资网络的1428位天使投资者的19757个投资决策数据,考察了风险类型、天使投资者分析能力和投资可能性之间的关系。我们发现,对于有分析能力的天使投资者(那些受过相对教育、经验丰富、有联系的人)来说,不愿投资于社会企业的态度消失了。这些发现证明了投资者人力资本在社会风险投资和缩小资金缺口中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Health resourcefulness behaviors: Implications of work-health resource trade-offs for the self-employed 健康智谋行为:工作-健康资源权衡对个体经营者的影响
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00432
Timothy L. Michaelis , Jon C. Carr , Alexander McKelvie , April Spivack , Michael P. Lerman

In this paper, we present an exploratory study to investigate why those who are self-employed in the United States may make more personal health-related trade-offs than adults working in traditional wage-employment jobs. A random sample of 10,663 working adults in the United States indicate that the self-employed engage in higher amounts of health-related resourcefulness behaviors than wage employees (e.g., skipping medication to save money). We find that concerns over healthcare access and affordability serve as antecedents to health resourcefulness behaviors among all working adults, but that age moderates these relationships differently for the self-employed. Specifically, younger self-employed adults engage in health resourcefulness behaviors due to healthcare affordability concerns while older self-employed adults engage in such behaviors due to healthcare access concerns. In sum, we contribute to the entrepreneurial resourcefulness literature and well-being literature by highlighting data on how the self-employed make trade-offs with their personal health resources. We offer multiple directions for theory development, future research, and implications for healthcare policy.

在这篇论文中,我们提出了一项探索性研究,以调查为什么美国的自营职业者可能会比从事传统工资工作的成年人做出更多与个人健康相关的权衡。一项对美国10663名在职成年人的随机抽样调查表明,自营职业者比工薪阶层员工有更多与健康相关的足智多谋行为(例如,为了省钱而不服药)。我们发现,对医疗保健可及性和可负担性的担忧是所有在职成年人健康足智多谋行为的前因,但年龄对个体经营者的这些关系的调节作用不同。具体而言,年轻的个体经营者出于对医疗负担能力的担忧而从事健康足智多谋行为,而年长的个体经营者则出于对医疗服务获取的担忧而进行此类行为。总之,我们通过强调个体经营者如何权衡其个人健康资源的数据,为创业足智多谋文献和幸福文献做出了贡献。我们为理论发展、未来研究以及对医疗政策的影响提供了多个方向。
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引用次数: 0
The deterioration of self-worth in entrepreneurship 创业中自我价值的退化
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00430
Pablo Muñoz , Marieshka Barton , Susanne Braun , Farzana Chowdhury , Nicola Jayne-Little , Joanne Rowland , Katherine Sykes , Jason Smith , Clare Talbot-Jones , Adele Taggart , Jessica Komes

This paper explores the deterioration of self-worth in entrepreneurship. Using a 15-month participatory action research in the North of England, we found mismatches between expectations and experiences at three interacting levels—purpose, autonomy, and achievement—which surface as entrepreneurs reflect on execution, performance, and fulfillment experiences. Mismatches materialize as incongruence between the ideal states under pursuit and the actual experiences, which compound leading to a diminished sense of control, direction, and worthiness, which in turn further fuels a cycle of negative emotions, involving anxiety, isolation, shame, and guilt. We discuss implications for entrepreneurs’ mental health.

本文探讨了创业过程中自我价值的恶化。通过在英格兰北部进行的一项为期15个月的参与式行动研究,我们发现,在目标、自主性和成就这三个相互作用的层面上,期望和经历之间存在不匹配,这三个层面随着企业家对执行、绩效和成就体验的反思而显现出来。不匹配表现为追求中的理想状态与实际经历之间的不一致,这会导致控制感、方向感和价值感的减弱,进而进一步助长负面情绪的循环,包括焦虑、孤立、羞耻和内疚。我们讨论了对企业家心理健康的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Business Venturing Insights
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