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Reducing torque pulsations in PMa-SynRM: a way for improving motor performance 减少转矩脉动在PMa-SynRM:改善电机性能的一种方式
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V12.I1.PP67-79
P. R. Viego, J. R. Gómez, Vladimir Sousa, J. P. M. Yanes, E. Quispe
This paper aims to evaluate the performance of synchronous reluctance motors assisted by a permanent magnet (PMa-SynRM) focused on efficiency and torque pulsations. PMa-SynRM shows high efficiency and power factor, compared to induction motors (IM), although they have a greater cost. These machines develop relatively high torque ripple, cogging torque, and torque imbalances. Consequently, the electromagnetic torque is reduced, the motor temperature is increased, and mechanical vibrations are induced. The optimal design of the machine structures such as flow barriers, permanent magnets, and stator slots, among others, allow reducing torque pulsations. A comparison is made between different designs of the PMa-SynRM reported in the scientific literature, and the effects on efficiency, torque pulsation, and operating costs are evaluated. A case study on the motor driving the air conditioner blower in a hotel room was made, to determine the best economic variant between IM or PMa-SynRM. A sensitive analysis was made to evaluate several uncertainties. The advantages of using one of the PMa-SynRM analyzed were demonstrated. Also, it was proved that the investment is feasible economically, although NPV and payback are not the best, due to low load factor in inverter-controlled motors in air conditioners.
本文旨在评估永磁体辅助同步磁阻电机(PMa-SynRM)的性能,重点关注效率和转矩脉动。与感应电机(IM)相比,PMa-SynRM表现出较高的效率和功率因数,尽管它们具有更高的成本。这些机器产生相对较高的转矩脉动、齿槽转矩和转矩不平衡。因此,电磁转矩减小,电动机温度升高,并且引起机械振动。机器结构的优化设计,如流动屏障、永磁体和定子槽等,可以减少扭矩脉动。对科学文献中报道的PMa-SynRM的不同设计进行了比较,并评估了其对效率、扭矩脉动和运行成本的影响。以驱动酒店房间空调鼓风机的电机为例,确定IM和PMa-SynRM之间的最佳经济变量。对几个不确定性进行了敏感分析。展示了使用所分析的PMa-SynRM之一的优势。此外,由于空调变频控制电机的负载因数较低,因此投资在经济上是可行的,尽管NPV和投资回收率不是最好的。
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引用次数: 4
A high efficiency and high speed charge of Li-Ion battery charger interface using switching-based technique in 180 nm CMOS technology 基于开关技术的锂离子电池充电器接口的高效高速充电
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V12.I1.PP374-384
M. Alaoui, Fouad Farah, K. Khadiri, A. Tahiri, R. E. Alami, H. Qjidaa
In this work, the design and analysis of new Li-Ion battery charger interface using the switching-based technique is proposed for high efficiency, high speed charge and low area. The high efficiency, the lower size area and the fast charge are the more important norms of the proposed Li-Ion battery charger interface. The battery charging is completed passes to each charging mode: The first mode is the trickle charge mode (TC), the second mode is the constant current mode (CC) and the last mode is the constant voltage mode (CV), in thirty three minutes. The new Li-Ion battery charger interface is designed, simulated and layouted in Cadence software using TSCM 180 nm CMOS technology. With an input voltage V IN = 4.5 V, the output battery voltage (V BAT ) may range from 2.7 V to 4.2 V and the maximum charging battery current (I BAT ) is 1.7 A. The peak efficiency reaches 97% and the total area is only 0.03mm 2 .
本文提出了一种基于开关技术的新型锂离子电池充电器接口的设计与分析,以实现高效率、高速充电和低面积充电。高效率、小面积和快速充电是本文提出的锂离子电池充电器接口的重要指标。电池充电完成后依次进入充电模式:第一种充电模式为涓流充电模式(TC),第二种充电模式为恒流充电模式(CC),最后一种充电模式为恒压充电模式(CV),时间为33分钟。采用TSCM 180纳米CMOS技术,在Cadence软件中设计、模拟和布局了新的锂离子电池充电器接口。当输入电压V IN = 4.5 V时,电池输出电压(V BAT)范围为2.7 V ~ 4.2 V,电池最大充电电流(I BAT)为1.7 A。峰值效率达到97%,总面积仅为0.03mm 2。
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引用次数: 0
A fast and robust reference current generation algorithm for three-phase shunt active power filter 一种快速鲁棒的三相并联有源电力滤波器参考电流产生算法
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V12.I1.PP121-129
Zakaria Chedjara, A. Massoum, P. Wira, Ahmed Safa, Abdelmadjid Gouichiche
The identification of the reference currents constitutes an important part of the control of the active power filter. This part requires an accurate estimation of the frequency, phase, and proper extraction of the load current harmonics. This makes the modeling more difficult and requests a rigorous selection of techniques to be used. For the sake of simplicity, the direct method is motivated by the need for the simplicity and flexibility than the existing techniques such as the instantaneous power theory and diphase currents method. However, this method requires a robust phase-locked loop to extract the unity voltages and a robust controller to estimate the magnitude of the source current. To this end, this paper proposes the hybrid phase-locked loop (HPLL) as a good option mainly because 1) it achieves zero phase error under frequency drifts, 2) Fast dynamic response, 3) totally block the DC offset, 4) From the control point of view, it is a type 1 control system which results in high stability margin. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the HPLL has not been used in active power filter yet. Furthermore, a neural PI regulator is used to estimate the magnitude of the source current. Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed technique and illustrate all its interesting features. For the sake of comparison, the proposed method is compared to other advanced techniques.
参考电流的识别是有源电力滤波器控制的重要组成部分。这部分需要准确地估计频率、相位,并适当地提取负载电流谐波。这使得建模更加困难,并要求严格选择要使用的技术。为了简单起见,直接法比瞬时功率理论和二相电流法等现有技术更简单、更灵活。然而,这种方法需要一个鲁棒锁相环来提取单位电压和一个鲁棒控制器来估计源电流的大小。为此,本文提出了混合锁相环(HPLL)作为一个很好的选择,主要是因为1)它在频率漂移下实现零相位误差,2)动态响应快,3)完全阻断直流偏移,4)从控制的角度来看,它是一个具有高稳定余量的1型控制系统。据作者所知,HPLL尚未应用于有源电力滤波器中。此外,采用神经网络PI调节器来估计源电流的大小。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性,并展示了其所有有趣的特性。为了比较,将该方法与其他先进技术进行了比较。
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引用次数: 7
Smart integration of drive system for induction motor applications in electric vehicles 电动汽车中感应电机应用驱动系统的智能集成
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V12.I1.PP20-28
M. Metwaly, M. Alsharef, N. Sabiha, E. Elattar, Ibrahim B. M. Taha, A. M. Abd-Elhady, N. Elkalashy
In this paper, a smart drive system of the induction motor (IM) is proposed and adapted for applications in electric vehicles (EVs). Objectively, the EV drive systems are robust over wide speed and torque ranges. The proposed drive system is independent of encoder (encoderless) and concerned with the torque control drive (TCD) and indirect rotor field-oriented control (IRFOC) using the sliding mode observer (SMO). This arrangement of monitoring system and control techniques are smartly integrated for the IM applications in EVs. The encoderless technique utilizes SMO to estimate the stator current, rotor flux angle, and rotor speed. The SMO is verified in motoring mode at very low and zero speed conditions. The accelerator pedal is utilized for TCD to generate the reference torque required to accelerate the EV by the driver. The rotor flux angle is estimated based on IRFOC method. The laboratory waveforms illustrate the robustness of the encoderless control of the IM-based torque control drive system in electrical vehicle applications at very low speed using SMO. The laboratory waveforms prove the validity of SMO with encoderless control of a smart dive system of the IM in EV applications under load torque/speed variations.
本文提出了一种适用于电动汽车的感应电动机智能驱动系统。客观地说,电动汽车驱动系统在较宽的速度和扭矩范围内都很稳健。所提出的驱动系统独立于编码器(无编码器),并涉及转矩控制驱动(TCD)和使用滑模观测器(SMO)的间接转子磁场定向控制(IRFOC)。监控系统和控制技术的这种安排被智能地集成到电动汽车中的IM应用中。无编码器技术利用SMO来估计定子电流、转子磁通角和转子速度。SMO在极低和零速度条件下以机动模式进行验证。加速踏板用于TCD,以产生驾驶员加速EV所需的参考扭矩。基于IRFOC方法估算转子磁通角。实验室波形说明了在使用SMO的电动车辆应用中,基于IM的扭矩控制驱动系统在非常低的速度下的无编码器控制的鲁棒性。实验室波形证明了SMO在负载扭矩/速度变化下电动汽车应用中IM智能潜水系统的无编码器控制的有效性。
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引用次数: 7
A Review on harmonics elimination in real time for cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using particle swarm optimization 基于粒子群算法的级联h桥多电平逆变器谐波实时消除研究进展
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V12.I1.PP228-240
M. Yaqoob, M. K. Rahmat, S. M. Maharum, M. M. Su’ud
Renewable energy has a great importance for power generation as it does not use the fossils fuels. Energy generated from alternative energy sources are weather dependent. To generate a continuous power to meet the load requirements, Battery energy storage system are used. Power conversion process must be much efficient as possible to convert the DC stored energy into AC. This conversion process is usually done by the help of inverters. This paper gives the brief overview on three main categories of multilevel inverter like cascaded h-bridge, neutral point clamped and flying capacitor multilevel inverter and highlights their advantages which can also help the scholars to deeply explore the categories of multilevel inverter. Harmonic elimination is usually done by controlling the switching angles of the inverter. Among all the switching angles techniques, selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) technique is widely used, that has also discussed in this paper. Furthermore, to eliminate the harmonics using SHEPWM, it has the set of nonlinear transcendental equations, these set of equations can be effieceintly solved by the optimization methods. The most efficient and reliable optimization method like particle swarm optimization has been discussed with multiple objective functions in this paper. This paper will help the scholars to understand the finest category of multilevel inverter for harmonic elimination in terms of efficiency and output quality.
可再生能源不使用化石燃料,对发电具有重要意义。可替代能源产生的能源与天气有关。为了产生持续的电力满足负载需求,采用蓄电池储能系统。功率转换过程必须尽可能高效地将存储的直流能量转换为交流能量。这种转换过程通常由逆变器帮助完成。本文简要介绍了级联h桥、中性点箝位和飞电容三种主要的多电平逆变器,并强调了它们的优点,有助于学者们对多电平逆变器的种类进行深入的探讨。谐波消除通常是通过控制逆变器的开关角度来实现的。在所有的开关角技术中,选择性谐波消除脉宽调制(SHEPWM)技术应用最为广泛,本文也对其进行了讨论。此外,为了消除谐波,该方法具有一组非线性超越方程,这些方程可以通过优化方法有效地求解。本文讨论了多目标函数下最有效、最可靠的粒子群优化方法。本文将帮助学者们了解多电平逆变器在效率和输出质量方面的最佳类别。
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引用次数: 8
Effect of partial shading in grid connected solar PV system with FL controller FL控制器对并网太阳能光伏系统局部遮阳的影响
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V12.I1.PP431-440
K. L. Shenoy, C. G. Nayak, R. P. Mandi
As conventional fossil fuel reserves shrink and the danger of climate change prevailing, the need for alternative energy sources is unparalleled. A smart approach to compensate the dependence on electricity generated by burning fossil fuels is through the power generation using grid connected PV system. Partial shading on PV array affects the quantity of the output power in photovoltaic (PV) systems. To extract maximum power from PV under variable irradiance, variable temperature and partial shading condition, various MPPT algorithms are used. Incremental conductance and fuzzy based MPPT techniques are used for maximum power extraction from PV array. Basically 11 kW Solar PV system comprising of PV array coupled with an Inverter through a dc-dc converter is considered for the analysis and output of the inverter is supplied to the load through the LCL filter. An Intelligent controller for maximum power point tracking of PV power is designed. Also, a fuzzy controller for VSC is developed to improve the system performance. The above proposed design has been simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink and analyzed the system performance under various operating conditions. Finally, the performance is evaluated with IEEE 1547 standard for showing the effectiveness of the system.
随着传统化石燃料储量的减少和气候变化的危险普遍存在,对替代能源的需求是无与伦比的。补偿对燃烧化石燃料发电依赖的一种明智方法是使用并网光伏系统发电。光伏阵列上的部分遮光影响光伏系统的输出功率。为了在可变辐照度、可变温度和部分遮光条件下从光伏中提取最大功率,使用了各种MPPT算法。增量电导和基于模糊的MPPT技术被用于从光伏阵列中提取最大功率。基本上,11千瓦太阳能光伏系统包括通过直流-直流转换器与逆变器耦合的光伏阵列,用于分析,逆变器的输出通过LCL滤波器提供给负载。设计了一种用于光伏功率最大功率点跟踪的智能控制器。此外,为了提高系统性能,还开发了一种用于VSC的模糊控制器。上述设计已在MATLAB/Simulink中进行了仿真,并分析了系统在各种运行条件下的性能。最后,利用IEEE1547标准对系统的性能进行了评估,以表明系统的有效性。
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引用次数: 10
Design and simulation of stand-alone photovoltaic system supplying BTS in Iraq 伊拉克BTS供电单机光伏系统设计与仿真
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V12.I1.PP463-473
S. M. Sami, A. L. Mahmood
The problem of power outages is still present in most cities of Iraq as a result of the wars and crises experienced by Iraq and this makes it difficult to provide continuous electric power to the electrical devices. All telecommunications companies, including Zain, Asia cell, etc in Iraq used diesel generators as an alternative source to the national electricity grid, but this will adversely affect the environment and humans as a result of toxic emissions associated with the use of these generators. In this paper, a stand-alone PVsystem was designed and simulated to supply a base transceiver station (BTS) in Iraq. A BTS in Jadriyah, Baghdad with 4.177 kW load power belong to Zain Telecommunication Company was taken as a case study in this paper. The meteorological data of the Jadriyah region were taken from a weather station belong to the ministry of Sciences and Technology in Iraq for the year 2017. The simulation for this BTS was carried out using the Pvsyst simulation program. The financial analysis of the proposed system shows that it has small kWh unit price (0.108 $/kWh).
由于伊拉克经历的战争和危机,伊拉克大多数城市仍然存在停电问题,这使得难以为电力设备提供持续的电力。伊拉克的所有电信公司,包括Zain、Asia cell等,都使用柴油发电机作为国家电网的替代来源,但这将对环境和人类产生不利影响,因为使用这些发电机会产生有毒排放物。本文设计并仿真了一个独立的pv系统,为伊拉克的基站收发信台(BTS)供电。本文以Zain电信公司在巴格达Jadriyah的一个负荷功率为4.177 kW的BTS为例进行了研究。贾德里亚地区2017年的气象数据来自伊拉克科技部的一个气象站。利用Pvsyst仿真程序对该防弹少年团进行了仿真。财务分析表明,该系统具有较低的千瓦时单价(0.108美元/千瓦时)。
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引用次数: 1
On finite-time output feedback sliding mode control of an elastic multi-motor system 弹性多电机系统的有限时间输出反馈滑模控制
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V12.I1.PP10-19
Pham Tuan Thanh, Trần Xuân Tình, Dao Phuong Nam, Dao Sy Luat, N. Quang
In this paper, the tracking control scheme is presented using the framework of finite-time sliding mode control (SMC) law and high-gain observer for disturbed/uncertain multi-motor driving systems under the consideration multi-output systems. The convergence time of sliding mode control is estimated in connection with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The input state stability (ISS) of proposed controller was analyzed by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the extensive simulation results are given to validate the advantages of proposed control design.
针对多输出干扰/不确定多电机驱动系统,提出了基于有限时间滑模控制律和高增益观测器的跟踪控制方案。利用线性矩阵不等式估计滑模控制的收敛时间。利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论分析了所提控制器的输入状态稳定性。最后,给出了大量的仿真结果,验证了所提控制设计的优越性。
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引用次数: 5
Investigation of faulty behavior of the sensorless control switched reluctance motor drives 无传感器控制开关磁阻电机驱动器故障行为的研究
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V12.I1.PP88-98
A. Krasovsky
The paper presents the results of studies of abnormal conditions in a switched reluctance drive (SRD) due to failures in control algorithms. It discusses one of the most common control algorithms for these drives without the use of sensors, which is simple and easy to configure. The practical application of this algorithm of control showed that various anomalous phenomena could occur in it, expressed, for example, in a sharp increase in the amplitude of the phase current of the motor, and violation of the switching mode. The reasons for these phenomena are not evident and hard to analyze due to the nonlinearity of this drive. To identify these causes and search for measures to eliminate them, we used simulation in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink. The adequacy and effectiveness of the application of the developed simulation models we confirmed by a comparison of the simulation results and the full-scale experiment on real equipment. Theoretical studies and simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
本文介绍了开关磁阻驱动器(SRD)由于控制算法故障而出现异常情况的研究结果。它讨论了在不使用传感器的情况下用于这些驱动器的最常见的控制算法之一,该算法简单且易于配置。该控制算法的实际应用表明,它可能会出现各种异常现象,例如,电机相电流幅度的急剧增加和违反开关模式。由于这种驱动器的非线性,导致这些现象的原因并不明显,也很难分析。为了识别这些原因并寻找消除这些原因的措施,我们在MATLAB/Simulink环境中进行了仿真。通过仿真结果与实际设备上的全尺寸实验的比较,我们证实了所开发的仿真模型应用的充分性和有效性。理论研究和仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好。
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引用次数: 1
Grid to vehicle wireless power supply using single-phase matrix converter 电网对车载无线供电采用单相矩阵变换器
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V12.I1.PP286-294
Muhamad Haziq Mohmad Akram, R. Baharom
This paper presents the computer simulation model of a grid to vehicle (G2V) wireless power supply using a Single-Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC). The proposed system uses the SPMC that operates as a direct AC-AC converter to convert the supply frequency of 50 Hz to reach 20 kHz output frequency. The use of 20 kHz frequency is suitable for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) operation in order to obtain higher power transfer efficiency between the transmitter and the receiver parts. An advanced of the proposed circuit topology can solve the conventional system for G2V circuit topology that uses multiple stages of power conversion system, resulting in high power semiconductor losses that could lead to low efficiency. In this work, multiple stages of the conventional "AC-DC-AC" circuits have been reduced to a single power conversion stage by using the SPMC circuit topology. The use of the proposed circuit topology can reduce the number of devices, thus reduce the semiconductor losses. A part of reducing the semiconductor losses, the proposed circuit topology could also improve the power density and efficiency of the power supply system. A computer simulation model using MATLAB Simulink has been developed to investigate the behavior of the proposed system. Selected simulation results are presented to verify the functionality of the proposed system.
提出了一种基于单相矩阵变换器(SPMC)的G2V无线电源的计算机仿真模型。该系统使用SPMC作为直接AC-AC转换器,将50hz的电源频率转换为20khz的输出频率。为了在发射端和接收端之间获得更高的功率传输效率,适合使用20khz的频率进行无线功率传输(WPT)操作。该电路拓扑的改进解决了传统G2V电路拓扑采用多级功率转换系统,导致高功率半导体损耗而导致效率低下的问题。在这项工作中,通过使用SPMC电路拓扑,将传统的“AC-DC-AC”电路的多个级减少到单个功率转换级。采用所提出的电路拓扑结构可以减少器件的数量,从而降低半导体损耗。在降低半导体损耗的同时,所提出的电路拓扑结构还可以提高电源系统的功率密度和效率。利用MATLAB Simulink建立了一个计算机仿真模型来研究所提出系统的行为。给出了选定的仿真结果来验证所提出系统的功能。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
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