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Hardware in the loop co-simulation of finite set-model predictive control using FPGA for a three level CHB inverter 基于FPGA的三电平CHB逆变器有限集模型预测控制的半实物仿真
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V11.I4.PP1719-1730
Mai Văn Chung, D. T. Anh, P. Vu, Linh Manh Nguyen
Along with the development of powerful microprocessors and microcontrollers, the applications of the model predictive controller, which requires high computational cost, to fast dynamical systems such as power converters and electric drives have become a tendency recently. In this paper, two solutions are offered to quickly develop the finite set predictive current control for induction motor fed by 3-level H-Bridge cascaded inverter. First, the field programmable gate array (FPGA) with capability of parallel computation is employed to minimize the computational time. Second, the hardware in the loop (HIL) co-simulation is used to quickly verify the developed control algorithm without burden of time on hardware design since the motor and the power switches are emulated on a real-time platform with high-fidelity mathematical models. The implementation procedure and HIL co-simulation results of the developed control algorithm shows the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
随着功能强大的微处理器和微控制器的发展,要求高计算成本的模型预测控制器在功率转换器和电力驱动器等快速动态系统中的应用已成为一种趋势。本文提出了两种解决方案,以快速开发由三电平H桥级联逆变器供电的感应电动机的有限集预测电流控制。首先,采用具有并行计算能力的现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)来最小化计算时间。其次,由于电机和电源开关是在具有高保真数学模型的实时平台上仿真的,因此使用硬件在环(HIL)联合仿真来快速验证所开发的控制算法,而不会给硬件设计带来时间负担。所开发的控制算法的实现过程和HIL联合仿真结果表明了所提出的解决方案的有效性。
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引用次数: 5
A new space vector modulation technique for quasi Z-source B4 inverter 准Z源B4逆变器的一种新的空间矢量调制技术
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V11.I4.PP1890-1898
Izni Mustafar, N. Azli, N. M. Nordin
A Quasi Z-Source (qZS) network has been utilized in a B4 inverter topology to provide voltage boosting effect by turning on the upper and lower switches simultaneously which is known as zero shoot-through states. However, the design of a qZS B4 inverter is not as straightforward as adding a qZS LC impedance network to the front-end of a B4 inverter. This is because there is no zero vectors available in a B4 inverter topology to insert the shoot through zero states, as in the case of a B6 inverter. This paper proposes a new Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique for a qZS B4 inverter. Additional zero vectors have been appropriately added and distributed in the proposed SVM to avoid altering the existing volt-sec per switching cycle for the existing active vectors. The voltage vectors switching placement is carefully designed in order to enable the voltage boosting effect for this topology without altering the initial output voltage. In addition, an approach to compensate the DC-link voltage ripple has also been taken into consideration in its initial calculation to achieve balanced output voltage. The performance of the proposed modulation technique is verified using MATLAB/Simulink. It is shown that by using the proposed modulation technique, there is an overall improvement on the line to line output voltage where by it is able to produce balanced output voltages for the three-phase loads with or without boosting effect.
准Z源(qZS)网络已被用于B4逆变器拓扑中,以通过同时接通上开关和下开关来提供升压效果,这被称为零击穿状态。然而,qZS B4逆变器的设计并不像在B4逆变器的前端添加qZS LC阻抗网络那样简单。这是因为在B4反相器拓扑中没有可用的零矢量来插入直通零状态,就像在B6反相器的情况下一样。本文提出了一种新的用于qZSB4逆变器的空间矢量调制(SVM)技术。在所提出的SVM中已经适当地添加和分布了额外的零矢量,以避免改变现有有源矢量的每个开关周期的现有伏秒。电压矢量开关位置经过精心设计,以便在不改变初始输出电压的情况下实现该拓扑的升压效果。此外,在其初始计算中还考虑了补偿DC链路电压纹波的方法,以实现平衡的输出电压。使用MATLAB/Simulink对所提出的调制技术的性能进行了验证。结果表明,通过使用所提出的调制技术,在线对线输出电压上有了全面的改进,通过该技术能够为具有或不具有升压效应的三相负载产生平衡的输出电压。
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引用次数: 0
Robust non-linear control of a hybrid water pumping system based on induction motor 基于感应电机的混合水泵系统鲁棒非线性控制
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V11.I4.PP1995-2006
Zakaria Massaq, A. Abounada, M. Ramzi
This contribution presents a non-linear control of a hybrid pumping system supplied with a photovoltaic generator and a battery. This system is employed for delivering a continuous volume of water whatever the climatic conditions. In the DC side, a boost converter is controlled with the indirect double integral sliding mode controller (DISMC) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The DISMC is suitable for MPPT because it gives a fast response and reduces the amplitude of power oscillations. Then, a bidirectional buck-boost converter is adopted to ensure the energy management between the battery and the DC-bus, and this converter is controlled with integral sliding mode control (ISMC) theory.  The non-linear predictive control (NPC) is chosen to drive an induction motor (IM), the NPC is known by its fast dynamic and high capacity to reject disturbances. The hybrid system is modelled in MATLAB/Simulink software. During simulations, the DISMC-MPPT is compared with other techniques such as sliding mode controller (SMC) MPPT and integral SMC MPPT, the DISMC provides the best tracking performances under different irradiances. Moreover, the designed controller for the bidirectional converter regulates the DC-link voltage with better performances than the classical PI controller. Lastly, the NPC regulates the speed of the IM with high robustness.
这一贡献提供了对提供有光伏发电机和电池的混合泵送系统的非线性控制。该系统用于输送连续体积的水,无论气候条件如何。在直流侧,升压转换器由间接双积分滑模控制器(DISMC)控制,用于最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)。DISMC适用于MPPT,因为它提供了快速响应并降低了功率振荡的幅度。然后,采用双向降压-升压转换器来确保电池和直流母线之间的能量管理,并采用积分滑模控制(ISMC)理论对该转换器进行控制。选择非线性预测控制(NPC)来驱动感应电动机(IM),NPC以其快速的动态和高的抗干扰能力而闻名。在MATLAB/Simulink软件中对混合系统进行了建模。在仿真过程中,将DISMC-MPT与其他技术(如滑模控制器(SMC)MPPT和积分SMC MPPT)进行了比较,DISMC在不同的辐射下提供了最佳的跟踪性能。此外,所设计的双向变换器控制器以比经典PI控制器更好的性能调节直流链路电压。最后,NPC以高鲁棒性调节IM的速度。
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引用次数: 6
A real-time system for vehicle detection with shadow removal and vehicle classification based on vehicle features at urban roads 一种基于城市道路车辆特征的实时车辆检测与阴影去除和车辆分类系统
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V11.I4.PP2091-2098
Issan Atouf, Wahban Al Okaishi, Abdelmoghit Zaaran, I. Slimani, Mohamed Benrabh
Monitoring traffic in urban areas is an important task for intelligent transport applications to alleviate the traffic problems like traffic jams and long trip times. The traffic flow in urban areas is more complicated than the traffic flow in highway, due to the slow movement of vehicles and crowded traffic flows in urban areas. In this paper, a vehicle detection and classification system at intersections is proposed. The system consists of three main phases: vehicle detection, vehicle tracking and vehicle classification. In the vehicle detection, the background subtraction is utilized to detect the moving vehicles by employing mixture of Gaussians (MoGs) algorithm, and then the removal shadow algorithm is developed to improve the detection phase and eliminate the undesired detected region (shadows). After the vehicle detection phase, the vehicles are tracked until they reach the classification line. Then the vehicle dimensions are utilized to classify the vehicles into three classes (cars, bikes, and trucks). In this system, there are three counters; one counter for each class. When the vehicle is classified to a specific class, the class counter is incremented by one. The counting results can be used to estimate the traffic density at intersections, and adjust the timing of traffic light for the next light cycle. The system is applied to videos obtained by stationary cameras. The results obtained demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed system.
监测城市地区的交通是智能交通应用的一项重要任务,以缓解交通堵塞和长途旅行等交通问题。由于城市地区车辆行驶缓慢,交通拥挤,城市地区的交通流比高速公路上的交通流更为复杂。本文提出了一种路口车辆检测与分类系统。该系统由三个主要阶段组成:车辆检测、车辆跟踪和车辆分类。在车辆检测中,采用混合高斯(MoGs)算法,利用背景相减来检测运动中的车辆,然后开发了去除阴影算法,以改善检测阶段,消除不希望检测到的区域(阴影)。在车辆检测阶段之后,对车辆进行跟踪,直到它们到达分类线。然后利用车辆尺寸将车辆分为三类(汽车、自行车和卡车)。在这个系统中,有三个计数器;每类一个计数器。当车辆被分类到特定类别时,类别计数器将增加一。计数结果可用于估计十字路口的交通密度,并调整下一个灯周期的红绿灯时间。该系统适用于固定摄像机拍摄的视频。结果证明了该系统的鲁棒性和准确性。
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引用次数: 3
Coast function parameters optimization for DC battery source inverter feeding three-phase inductive load 直流蓄电池源逆变器供电三相感性负载的海岸功能参数优化
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V11.I4.PP1799-1804
R. G. Omar
The commonly reported measures of the predictive accuracy are evaluated in this paper. Absolute, squared, percentage, and integral errors methods are implemented, to reduce the objective function, which employed in model predictive control. These methods are usually investigated for dc source inverter, which controlled by finite set model predictive current control system, with three phase induction motor load. In this paper, the evaluation includes different aspects, accuracy, complexity, system harmonics content, and execution time. A vital criterion in this process is the performance of the inverter, and the matching between the reference and the measured machine currents. The evaluation shows that for one term objective function, absolute and square errors give similar results with less execution time for the absolute error, but if multi terms objective function the square error is better.
本文对常用的预测精度度量方法进行了评价。采用绝对误差法、平方误差法、百分比误差法和积分误差法来减小模型预测控制中的目标函数。这些方法通常是针对带三相感应电机负载的有限集模型预测电流控制系统控制的直流逆变器进行研究。本文从准确性、复杂性、系统谐波内容、执行时间等方面进行了评价。在这个过程中,一个重要的标准是逆变器的性能,以及参考电流和测量电流之间的匹配。计算结果表明,对于单项目标函数,绝对误差和平方误差的计算结果相似,且绝对误差的执行时间更短,而对于多项目标函数,平方误差的计算结果更好。
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引用次数: 1
Flux modulated rotating pole piece magnetic gear 磁通调制旋转极片磁齿轮
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V11.I4.PP1731-1736
M. Halim, E. Sulaiman, R. Othman
In this paper, the CMG is re-condition so that the pole piece act as the outer rotor instead of surface mount PM. This magnetic coupling of the CMG is similar to the conventional CMG which uses harmonic to transfer the torque and speed from the inner rotor to the outer rotor. The working principle of the proposed CMG is derived analytically and simulated using finite element software. For this recondition, the PM at the outer section become stationary hence, retaining sleeve can be removing. The proposed MG produced 18% higher average torque than the conventional MG with drawback in torque ripple. The proposed CMG also produce higher gear ratio than the same pole pair of conventional CMG.
本文对CMG进行了改造,使极片代替表面安装的PM充当外转子。这种磁耦合的CMG类似于传统的CMG,它使用谐波将转矩和速度从内转子传递到外转子。本文对所提出的CMG的工作原理进行了解析推导,并利用有限元软件进行了仿真。对于这种修复,在外部部分的PM变得静止,因此,保留套筒可以被移除。该系统的平均转矩比传统转矩系统高18%,但存在转矩脉动不足的问题。所提出的CMG也比相同的极对传统CMG产生更高的传动比。
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引用次数: 4
Bidirectional single-loop current sensorless control applied to NPC multi-level converter considering conduction losses 考虑导通损耗的NPC多电平变换器双向单回路无电流传感器控制
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V11.I4.PP1945-1957
A. Suzdalenko, J. Zakis, P. Suskis, L. Ribickis
The current feedback is considered as unavoidable part of most control system driving power electronic converters. However, it is possible to eliminate the use of current sensor, if properly calculated volt-second balance is applied to input inductor. This paper describes the implementation of current sensorless control technique applied to neutral point clamped multi-level converter, where only voltage control-loop is used to stabilize internal capacitors voltage, while inductor’s current is shaped by means of current sensorless control block in both discontinuous and continuous current modes. The capacitor voltage balancing is implemented by means of delta-controller that selects alternative capacitor in respect to main switching scheme. Finally, the analytical study of proposed solution is verified with simulation results.
电流反馈被认为是大多数电力电子变换器控制系统中不可避免的一部分。但是,如果在输入电感上应用适当计算的伏秒平衡,则可以消除电流传感器的使用。本文介绍了中性点箝位多电平变换器的无电流传感器控制技术的实现,该变换器在断续和连续两种电流模式下,仅使用电压控制环来稳定内部电容电压,而通过无电流传感器控制块来形成电感电流。电容器电压平衡是通过delta控制器来实现的,该控制器在主开关方案中选择备用电容器。最后,用仿真结果验证了所提出解决方案的解析性研究。
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引用次数: 8
Experimental determination of suboptimal parameters for energy-efficient control of an induction motor 感应电机节能控制次优参数的实验确定
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V11.I4.PP2173-2182
V. Goun, A. Anikin, A. A. Bakin
The article presents the results of experimental studies of the automatic speed control system (ASCS) of an induction motor (IM). Preliminary experimental studies have shown that the stator current minimum (power factor) is a suboptimal criterion. Optimal in terms of control is the rated power factor. Tests of IM with a thyristor voltage converter (TVC), as a power source, were conducted on an installation created at the department. A mathematical model of ASCS IM corresponding to the experimental setup has been developed. To determine the main functional dependences of IM, such as stator voltage, stator current, power factor, torque on the shaft, a program for approximating experimental data by polynomials was developed. Using the developed mathematical model, the regulatory characteristic of IM that was optimal from an energy point of view was obtained. The necessary indicators of IM and TVC are determined (thyristor control angle, stator voltage, stator current) to change existing settings in order to save electric energy. The results of experimental studies are presented, the graph shows an optimized version of the form of the regulatory characteristic according to the criterion of minimum electric energy consumption.
本文介绍了感应电动机自动调速系统的实验研究结果。初步实验研究表明,定子电流最小值(功率因数)是一个次优标准。在控制方面最佳的是额定功率因数。使用晶闸管电压转换器(TVC)作为电源的IM测试是在该部门创建的一个装置上进行的。建立了与实验装置相对应的ASCS IM的数学模型。为了确定IM的主要函数依赖性,如定子电压、定子电流、功率因数、轴上扭矩,开发了一个用多项式逼近实验数据的程序。使用所开发的数学模型,获得了从能量角度来看最优的IM的调节特性。确定了IM和TVC的必要指标(晶闸管控制角、定子电压、定子电流),以改变现有设置,从而节省电能。给出了实验研究的结果,该图显示了根据最小电能消耗标准的调节特性形式的优化版本。
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引用次数: 4
ZVS based on dead-time analysis of three port half bridge converters 基于三端口半桥式变换器死区时间分析的零电压vs
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V11.I4.PP1936-1944
P. Vu, M. Nguyen, V. Pham
In this research, the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the GaN FETs-based high frequency three-port half-bridge converter (TPHBC), which is capable of interfacing a renewable energy source, an energy storage and a load is discussed. To achieve ZVS, which plays a key role in power loss reduction of the high switching frequency converters, not only the parasitic elements but also the dead-time between two switches in one converter arm must be taken into account. This research gives a detail analysis about the influence of the dead-time on the ZVS condition. Based on the analysis, a minimum dead-time which guarantees not only the ZVS but also the safe operation of the converter is obtained. Simulations in various load condition of the TPHBC are carried out to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.
在本研究中,讨论了能够连接可再生能源、储能和负载的基于GaN场效应管的高频三端口半桥变换器(TPHBC)的零电压开关(ZVS)。ZVS对高开关频率变换器的功耗降低起着关键作用,为了实现ZVS,不仅要考虑寄生元件,而且要考虑一个变换器臂上两个开关之间的死区时间。本文详细分析了死区时间对ZVS条件的影响。在此基础上,得到了既保证零电压又保证变流器安全运行的最小死区时间。通过对TPHBC各种负载工况的仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Motor side active power filter for induction motor 感应电机电机侧有源滤波器
Q2 Energy Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V11.I4.PP1711-1718
H. Rao, R. Mala, A. Joshi
Power quality is an important aspect in electrical distribution and utilization systems. Variable frequency drive (VFD) controlled induction motors are widely used in industries. The output current of VFD which is nonsinusoidal is given to the induction motor. This paper proposes a motor side active power filter (MSAPF) so as to provide a pure sinusoidal current to the induction motor. An evaluation of two control strategies has been discussed in this paper i.e. Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory and Instantaneous Reactive Power theory (IRPT) in the generation of the reference signal. These techniques are simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. These simulations demonstrate the reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD) in the motor current with active filter connected to the motor side.
电能质量是配电利用系统的一个重要方面。变频驱动(VFD)控制的感应电机在工业中有着广泛的应用。将变频器的非正弦输出电流输入到感应电机。本文提出了一种电机侧有源电源滤波器(MSAPF),为异步电机提供纯正弦电流。本文讨论了同步参考系理论(SRF)和瞬时无功理论(IRPT)两种控制策略对参考信号产生的影响。在MATLAB/SIMULINK环境中对这些技术进行了仿真。这些仿真表明,在电机侧连接有源滤波器可以降低电机电流中的总谐波失真(THD)。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
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