Materials & Design最新文献

英文中文

Near α titanium alloy Ti60 with equiaxed β grain fabricated by laser direct energy deposition assisted with ultrasound

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113768

Yuxiang Ai , Jiasen Han , Yuanxi Huang , Kuitong Yang , Yang Zhou , Hui Chen , Xin Lin , Wentao Yan

Laser direct energy deposition (LDED) offers unique advantages in the integrated forming of 3D complex-shape parts. However, the columnar grains that grow epitaxially along the building direction are prone to reduce the performance of the as-built parts. Herein, external ultrasonic field are introduced during the LDED of near-α titanium alloy Ti60 (Ti-5.7Al-4.0Sn-3.5Zr-0.4Mo-0.4Si-0.4Nb-1.0Ta-0.05C), resulting in equiaxed β grains with an average grain size of 62.82 μm. The single track morphology, molten pool, microstructure, and mechanical properties under different ultrasonic powers are characterized and investigated. The results indicate that the ultrasound can induce columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) of the prior-β grains and promote the precipitation of silicides, but the width of the α laths increases due to heating effect caused by ultrasound. Consequently, the sample prepared with the 6 μm ultrasonic vibration exhibits a increases of 67.18 % in elongation, and the mechanical properties reach the forge standard. Finally, the effects of prior-β grain and α lath on the final mechanical properties of the samples are discussed. This work provides a deep insight into the LDED process of near-α titanium alloy Ti60 assisted with ultrasound.

{"title":"Near α titanium alloy Ti60 with equiaxed β grain fabricated by laser direct energy deposition assisted with ultrasound","authors":"Yuxiang Ai , Jiasen Han , Yuanxi Huang , Kuitong Yang , Yang Zhou , Hui Chen , Xin Lin , Wentao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser direct energy deposition (LDED) offers unique advantages in the integrated forming of 3D complex-shape parts. However, the columnar grains that grow epitaxially along the building direction are prone to reduce the performance of the as-built parts. Herein, external ultrasonic field are introduced during the LDED of near-α titanium alloy Ti60 (Ti-5.7Al-4.0Sn-3.5Zr-0.4Mo-0.4Si-0.4Nb-1.0Ta-0.05C), resulting in equiaxed β grains with an average grain size of 62.82 μm. The single track morphology, molten pool, microstructure, and mechanical properties under different ultrasonic powers are characterized and investigated. The results indicate that the ultrasound can induce columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) of the prior-β grains and promote the precipitation of silicides, but the width of the α laths increases due to heating effect caused by ultrasound. Consequently, the sample prepared with the 6 μm ultrasonic vibration exhibits a increases of 67.18 % in elongation, and the mechanical properties reach the forge standard. Finally, the effects of prior-β grain and α lath on the final mechanical properties of the samples are discussed. This work provides a deep insight into the LDED process of near-α titanium alloy Ti60 assisted with ultrasound.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 113768"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spiral kinematics: A biomimetic approach to enhancing demolding efficiency in 3D-printed polymeric formworks for customized hollow concrete structures 螺旋运动学：提高定制空心混凝土结构三维打印聚合物模板脱模效率的生物模拟方法

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113763

Zhuyin Lu , Shawn Owyong , Xin Tian , Pei Xuan Tan , Yi Xuan Liau , Siti Nur Ain Abdul Aziz , Hanmo Wang , Alexander Lin

The customization of hollow concrete components has gained significant attention for enhancing multi-functional performance, including structural efficiency, thermal and acoustic properties; however, it also poses challenges in fabricating complex geometries. Conventional concrete formwork often faces demolding difficulties, which can damage both the formwork and the concrete and lead to increased costs and environmental impact. This study introduces a novel approach where polymeric formworks with biomimetic spiral designs are fabricated by 3D-priniting. Such customized 3D-printed formwork designs introduce a kinematic mechanism to enhance demolding efficiency while maintaining structural integrity. Polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were used to fabricate 3D-printed polymer bars with varying spiral gap lengths (0.2 mm and 0.6 mm), which were tested under monotonic pull-out conditions, mimicking formwork extraction from hollow concrete components. The spiral designs significantly reduce pull-out resistance, demolding difficulty, and associated damage. The kinematic benefits from spirals can be further amplified by adopting wider spiral gaps or by selecting TPU as the 3D printing filament, due to its greater toughness and flexibility, which resemble those of elastomeric materials. This work advances concrete demolding through innovative design optimization and offers practical solutions for greater customization and fabrication efficiency for intricate concrete structures.

{"title":"Spiral kinematics: A biomimetic approach to enhancing demolding efficiency in 3D-printed polymeric formworks for customized hollow concrete structures","authors":"Zhuyin Lu , Shawn Owyong , Xin Tian , Pei Xuan Tan , Yi Xuan Liau , Siti Nur Ain Abdul Aziz , Hanmo Wang , Alexander Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The customization of hollow concrete components has gained significant attention for enhancing multi-functional performance, including structural efficiency, thermal and acoustic properties; however, it also poses challenges in fabricating complex geometries. Conventional concrete formwork often faces demolding difficulties, which can damage both the formwork and the concrete and lead to increased costs and environmental impact. This study introduces a novel approach where polymeric formworks with biomimetic spiral designs are fabricated by 3D-priniting. Such customized 3D-printed formwork designs introduce a kinematic mechanism to enhance demolding efficiency while maintaining structural integrity. Polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were used to fabricate 3D-printed polymer bars with varying spiral gap lengths (0.2 mm and 0.6 mm), which were tested under monotonic pull-out conditions, mimicking formwork extraction from hollow concrete components. The spiral designs significantly reduce pull-out resistance, demolding difficulty, and associated damage. The kinematic benefits from spirals can be further amplified by adopting wider spiral gaps or by selecting TPU as the 3D printing filament, due to its greater toughness and flexibility, which resemble those of elastomeric materials. This work advances concrete demolding through innovative design optimization and offers practical solutions for greater customization and fabrication efficiency for intricate concrete structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 113763"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Specific activation of cGAS-STING pathway by manganese-doped bioactive glasses for boosting systemic tumor immunotherapy

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113764

Zhaolin Yang , Jiale Zhou , Xinrui Wu, Sian Zhou, Wei Xue, Jiahua Pan, Yonghui Chen, Xiaorong Wu

The recurrence and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma present significant challenges in clinical settings, necessitating the urgent development of strategies to enhance the efficacy of kidney cancer treatments. In this study, we designed and developed a manganese-doped bioactive glass-based (Mn-MBG) core, creating a Mn-rich nanotherapeutic platform named MMPI. This platform was further modified by encapsulation with polydopamine (PDA) and successfully loaded with the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) through π-π stacking interactions, enabling photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). In vitro experiments demonstrated that under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, MMPI could generate a moderate photothermal effect, causing damage to tumor cells. At the same time, the photothermal effect enhanced Mn²⁺ and ICG release and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intensifying damage to heat-sensitive tumor cells and aiding tumor elimination. In vivo experiments showed that MMPI can counteract the tumor’s immunosuppressive environment by activating the cGAS-STING pathway, boosting local innate immune cell recruitment, dendritic cell maturation, and T cell-mediated adaptive antitumor responses. In conclusion, this study elucidates the concept of a manganese-based non-invasive tumor immunotherapy model, establishing a paradigm for immunotherapeutic approaches in renal cell carcinoma.

{"title":"Specific activation of cGAS-STING pathway by manganese-doped bioactive glasses for boosting systemic tumor immunotherapy","authors":"Zhaolin Yang , Jiale Zhou , Xinrui Wu, Sian Zhou, Wei Xue, Jiahua Pan, Yonghui Chen, Xiaorong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recurrence and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma present significant challenges in clinical settings, necessitating the urgent development of strategies to enhance the efficacy of kidney cancer treatments. In this study, we designed and developed a manganese-doped bioactive glass-based (Mn-MBG) core, creating a Mn-rich nanotherapeutic platform named MMPI. This platform was further modified by encapsulation with polydopamine (PDA) and successfully loaded with the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) through π-π stacking interactions, enabling photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). <em>In vitro</em> experiments demonstrated that under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, MMPI could generate a moderate photothermal effect, causing damage to tumor cells. At the same time, the photothermal effect enhanced Mn<sup>2+</sup> and ICG release and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intensifying damage to heat-sensitive tumor cells and aiding tumor elimination. <em>In vivo</em> experiments showed that MMPI can counteract the tumor’s immunosuppressive environment by activating the cGAS-STING pathway, boosting local innate immune cell recruitment, dendritic cell maturation, and T cell-mediated adaptive antitumor responses. In conclusion, this study elucidates the concept of a manganese-based non-invasive tumor immunotherapy model, establishing a paradigm for immunotherapeutic approaches in renal cell carcinoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 113764"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-situ immobilization technique for radioactive cesium using laser technology for Fukushima Daiichi decommissioning

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113766

Hitoshi Ozaki , Yosuke Kawahito , Michiko Mori , Masahito Shibata , Tsuyoshi Nakamura , Tatsuya Mase , Hiroyuki Yoshida , Hiroshi Kawakami , Muneo Hori

The decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi (1F) nuclear power plant remains a significant environmental concern. A crucial aspect of this process involves the effective immobilization of ¹³⁷Cs to reduce the volume of radioactive waste. This technique traps radioactive materials that adhere to the concrete surface by embedding in the glass, allowing only the glass to be removed during decommissioning. In this study, we first irradiated concrete mixed with ¹³³Cs, which had the same composition as the nuclear reactor building at 1F, using a high-brightness laser beam to immobilize Cs. We then investigated the characteristics of in-situ immobilization of Cs from the aspects of distribution, migration, and elution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the concrete underwent vitrification. Measurements from an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) show that Cs exhibits aggregate-dependent heterogeneity within the fused, glass-like concrete. The experimental migration rate of 99 % is more reliable compared to the 57 % achieved through conventional thermal plasma melting of simulated low-level radioactive waste. As far as elution is concerned, the normalized mass loss of the elements is 0.06 to 0.08 g/m², which is below the 2 g/m² limit set by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International. Consequently, laser-assisted in-situ immobilization of Cs has superior potential for supporting the decommissioning of 1F by effectively utilizing the hazardous materials on site.

{"title":"In-situ immobilization technique for radioactive cesium using laser technology for Fukushima Daiichi decommissioning","authors":"Hitoshi Ozaki , Yosuke Kawahito , Michiko Mori , Masahito Shibata , Tsuyoshi Nakamura , Tatsuya Mase , Hiroyuki Yoshida , Hiroshi Kawakami , Muneo Hori","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi (1F) nuclear power plant remains a significant environmental concern. A crucial aspect of this process involves the effective immobilization of <sup>137</sup>Cs to reduce the volume of radioactive waste. This technique traps radioactive materials that adhere to the concrete surface by embedding in the glass, allowing only the glass to be removed during decommissioning. In this study, we first irradiated concrete mixed with <sup>133</sup>Cs, which had the same composition as the nuclear reactor building at 1F, using a high-brightness laser beam to immobilize Cs. We then investigated the characteristics of <em>in-situ</em> immobilization of Cs from the aspects of distribution, migration, and elution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the concrete underwent vitrification. Measurements from an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) show that Cs exhibits aggregate-dependent heterogeneity within the fused, glass-like concrete. The experimental migration rate of 99 % is more reliable compared to the 57 % achieved through conventional thermal plasma melting of simulated low-level radioactive waste. As far as elution is concerned, the normalized mass loss of the elements is 0.06 to 0.08 g/m<sup>2</sup>, which is below the 2 g/m<sup>2</sup> limit set by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International. Consequently, laser-assisted <em>in-situ</em> immobilization of Cs has superior potential for supporting the decommissioning of 1F by effectively utilizing the hazardous materials on site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 113766"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A skeletonization based image segmentation algorithm to isolate slender regions in 3D microstructures

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113765

Vinit Vijay Deshpande, Romana Piat

The work proposes an image segmentation algorithm that isolates slender regions in three-dimensional microstructures. Characterizing slender regions in material microstructures is an extremely important aspect in material science because these regions govern the macroscopic behavior of materials for many applications like energy absorption, activation of metamaterials, stability of high temperature filters, etc. This work utilizes skeletonization method to calculate centerline of the microstructure geometry followed by a novel pruning strategy based on cross-sectional area to identify slender regions in the microstructure. 3D images of such microstructures obtained from micro-CT often suffer from low image resolution resulting in high surface noise. The skeleton of such an image has many spurious skeletal branches that do not represent the actual microstructure geometry. The proposed pruning method of cross-sectional area is insensitive to surface noise and hence is a reliable method of identifying skeletal branches that represent the slender regions in the microstructure. The proposed algorithm is implemented on a test case to showcase its effectiveness. Further it is implemented on a 3D microstructure of ceramic foam to identify the slender regions present in it. It is shown that the method can be used to segment slender regions of varying dimensions and to study their geometric properties.

{"title":"A skeletonization based image segmentation algorithm to isolate slender regions in 3D microstructures","authors":"Vinit Vijay Deshpande, Romana Piat","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The work proposes an image segmentation algorithm that isolates slender regions in three-dimensional microstructures. Characterizing slender regions in material microstructures is an extremely important aspect in material science because these regions govern the macroscopic behavior of materials for many applications like energy absorption, activation of metamaterials, stability of high temperature filters, etc. This work utilizes skeletonization method to calculate centerline of the microstructure geometry followed by a novel pruning strategy based on cross-sectional area to identify slender regions in the microstructure. 3D images of such microstructures obtained from micro-CT often suffer from low image resolution resulting in high surface noise. The skeleton of such an image has many spurious skeletal branches that do not represent the actual microstructure geometry. The proposed pruning method of cross-sectional area is insensitive to surface noise and hence is a reliable method of identifying skeletal branches that represent the slender regions in the microstructure. The proposed algorithm is implemented on a test case to showcase its effectiveness. Further it is implemented on a 3D microstructure of ceramic foam to identify the slender regions present in it. It is shown that the method can be used to segment slender regions of varying dimensions and to study their geometric properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 113765"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A static and high-cycle fatigue characterization framework of metallic lattice structures additive manufactured via fused deposition modeling based method

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113761

Wei Zhang , Rujun Li , Yan Peng , Hang Xu

Compared to conventional metal additive manufacturing techniques, metal fused deposition modeling (Metal FDM) reduces cost at the expense of deterioration in materials’ mechanical performance. To realize the full design potential that Metal FDM components can offer, effectively predicting the performance becomes imperative, especially for lattice structures that are widely used in aerospace under complex and cyclic loading. This work developed a framework for characterizing and predicting static and high-cycle fatigue behaviors of FDM-printed metal lattices. Constitutive model constants of FDM-printed 17-4PH steels were identified via experiments on dog bone samples at the same length scale of lattice microstructures. The material exhibits quasi-brittle behavior at microstructural size, with a tensile stiffness of 24 GPa. It is only 13 % of the expected stiffness for macroscopic level materials, showing a severe effect by length scale. Residual porosity leads to microcracks, which act as the primary failure mechanism under high-cycle fatigue, reducing the fatigue limit to 31 % of rolled steel. Assigning developed constitutive models, the asymptotic homogenization method was employed to obtain equivalent static properties of stretch- and bend-dominated lattices, which were in accord with testing results. Through the Brown-Miller-Morrow method, the framework numerically predicted lattice high-cycle fatigue life, which was validated against experiments.

{"title":"A static and high-cycle fatigue characterization framework of metallic lattice structures additive manufactured via fused deposition modeling based method","authors":"Wei Zhang , Rujun Li , Yan Peng , Hang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to conventional metal additive manufacturing techniques, metal fused deposition modeling (Metal FDM) reduces cost at the expense of deterioration in materials’ mechanical performance. To realize the full design potential that Metal FDM components can offer, effectively predicting the performance becomes imperative, especially for lattice structures that are widely used in aerospace under complex and cyclic loading. This work developed a framework for characterizing and predicting static and high-cycle fatigue behaviors of FDM-printed metal lattices. Constitutive model constants of FDM-printed 17-4PH steels were identified via experiments on dog bone samples at the same length scale of lattice microstructures. The material exhibits quasi-brittle behavior at microstructural size, with a tensile stiffness of 24 GPa. It is only 13 % of the expected stiffness for macroscopic level materials, showing a severe effect by length scale. Residual porosity leads to microcracks, which act as the primary failure mechanism under high-cycle fatigue, reducing the fatigue limit to 31 % of rolled steel. Assigning developed constitutive models, the asymptotic homogenization method was employed to obtain equivalent static properties of stretch- and bend-dominated lattices, which were in accord with testing results. Through the Brown-Miller-Morrow method, the framework numerically predicted lattice high-cycle fatigue life, which was validated against experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 113761"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing mechanical properties of CoCrNi via in-situ alloying with Al2O3 through laser powder bed fusion

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113758

Zairan Luo, Qian Liu, Dingding Zhu, Jiang Yi, Zhiqian Rao, Shuai Wang

For advantages in integrating the intrinsic properties of the metal matrix and reinforcing phases, properly designed metal matrix composites (MMCs) are promising candidates for overcoming the trade-offs of properties such as corrosion, ductility, strength, and lightweight. However, MMCs often face challenges such as agglomeration and inhomogeneous distribution of the reinforcing phase, leading to significant degradation of mechanical properties. In this study, we propose a method to overcome these obstacles by in-situ alloying via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), achieving a uniform distribution of the reinforcing nano-sized phase (α-Al₂O₃) within a medium-entropy alloy matrix (CoCrNi). During the LPBF process, Al₂O₃ is refined from the micrometer scale to the nanometer scale, simultaneously affecting the crystal orientation and leading to grain refinement of the CoCrNi matrix. The mechanical properties of CoCrNi were significantly enhanced by adding Al₂O₃, with an ultimate compressive strength of ∼1143 MPa, a fracture strain of ∼25%, and a hardness of ∼300 HV. The achieved strength and hardness levels are among the highest reported in the literature. The results from this study provide new design strategies for the in-situ formation of MMCs, offering a promising approach to developing MMCs with high strength and ductility.

{"title":"Enhancing mechanical properties of CoCrNi via in-situ alloying with Al2O3 through laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Zairan Luo, Qian Liu, Dingding Zhu, Jiang Yi, Zhiqian Rao, Shuai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For advantages in integrating the intrinsic properties of the metal matrix and reinforcing phases, properly designed metal matrix composites (MMCs) are promising candidates for overcoming the trade-offs of properties such as corrosion, ductility, strength, and lightweight. However, MMCs often face challenges such as agglomeration and inhomogeneous distribution of the reinforcing phase, leading to significant degradation of mechanical properties. In this study, we propose a method to overcome these obstacles by in-situ alloying via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), achieving a uniform distribution of the reinforcing nano-sized phase (α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) within a medium-entropy alloy matrix (CoCrNi). During the LPBF process, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is refined from the micrometer scale to the nanometer scale, simultaneously affecting the crystal orientation and leading to grain refinement of the CoCrNi matrix. The mechanical properties of CoCrNi were significantly enhanced by adding Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, with an ultimate compressive strength of ∼1143 MPa, a fracture strain of ∼25%, and a hardness of ∼300 HV. The achieved strength and hardness levels are among the highest reported in the literature. The results from this study provide new design strategies for the <em>in-situ</em> formation of MMCs, offering a promising approach to developing MMCs with high strength and ductility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"252 ","pages":"Article 113758"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Powder bed fusion on single lines of Cu-doped hydroxyapatite powder bed 掺铜羟基磷灰石粉末床单线融合

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113757

François Rouzé l’Alzit, Benoit Glorieux, Thierry Cardinal, Manuel Gaudon

This study aims to design ceramic scaffolds for precise bone reconstruction using Powder Bed Laser Sintering (PBLS) to create cohesive Cu-doped HAp ribbons from a single lasered line on a thin powder bed atop a silicate lime substrate. Depending on laser parameters, two ribbon types—delaminated (CDR) or anchored (CAR)—are produced, both exhibiting surface density gradients from the center to the edges. Microscale analysis reveals surface density gradients in both ribbon types, extending from center to edge. CDRs also show depth-wise density variations, resulting in mechanical stresses that cause detachment and curling. In CARs, intense local heating and thermal conductivity cause a temperature rise beyond the irradiated area. The substrate acts as a thermal barrier, concentrating heat at the film-substrate interface and ensuring ribbon adhesion. Cracks propagate perpendicular to isothermal lines, enabling controlled crack patterning.

引用次数: 0

3D printing of curved continuous fibre filaments using fused deposition modelling

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113762

Yiwei Hu , Adrian P. Mouritz , Raj B. Ladani , Yazhi Li , Shaoyu Zhao , Huanxin Zhang

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a 3D printing technique capable of fabricating intricately shaped composites through the deposition of continuous fibre filaments. This study investigates the limitations of 3D printing curved filaments using FDM. Polyamide matrix filaments containing continuous carbon, glass, or aramid fibres were 3D printed into curved profiles with different radii as low as 1 mm. A detailed microstructural and mechanical analysis was conducted to assess the damage incurred during curved printing. The deposition mechanism of the FDM process was found to lack high dimensional accuracy when 3D printing continuous fibre filaments in tight curvatures. Issues including filament peeling and twisting resulted in printing error of up to 60 % in the curvature radius, depending on the fibre types. The filaments experienced fibre damage, matrix tearing, and shape distortion during the curved printing process, which subsequently reduced the tensile properties of the printed composites. The average filament strengths were found to be only 30 %, 41 % and 64 % compared to that of the straight printed filament for carbon, glass, and aramid fibre filaments, respectively, when the radius was below 5 mm. These findings provide foundations for identifying optimal FDM printing conditions to produce defect-free composite with complex structures.

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引用次数: 0

Er microalloying significantly refines precipitates to simultaneously promote the strength and ductility of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113759

Qian Zhang, Fulin Wang, Jian Zeng, Fenghua Wang, Shuai Dong, Li Jin, Jie Dong

The contradiction between the strength and ductility of magnesium (Mg) alloys has become a theoretical obstacle and technical bottleneck in their research. The preparation technology of ultrafine grains/nanocrystals relying on severe plastic deformation deviates from actual industrial production, therefore alloying is currently a more practical choice. This work simultaneously promoted the strength and ductility of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy by adding a trace amount of Er element (0.5 wt%). Er microalloying has little effect on grain size, texture, morphology and content of long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) structure, but significantly promotes aging precipitation, thereby substantially increasing the number density of β’ and reducing its size. The significantly refined β’ makes calculations based on the Orowan bypass mechanism less accurate, and more consideration should be given to linking the synchronous improvement of strength and ductility with the dislocation-shearing mechanism.

引用次数: 0

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