Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115649
Guangrong Zheng , Tengfei Ke , Hong Huang , Yue Zhang , Jincui Chen , Zhiqiang Ouyang , Shasha Bao , Guanghai Fei , Haiyan Yang , Chengde Liao
Effective treatment of glioma remains challenging due to the limited permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To address these obstacles, we develop a multifunctional nanocomposite, Ang-PMT, that enables synergistic chemo-immunotherapy by enhancing BBB penetration and amplifying activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Ang-PMT consists of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) conjugated with angiopep-2 (Ang) and encapsulates manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles and triphenylphosphonium modified doxorubicin (TPP-DOX). Ang-PMT efficiently traverses the BBB via Ang-mediated transcytosis and selectively targets glioma cells through mitochondrial localization conferred by the TPP moiety. Upon exposure to intracellular glutathione, Ang-PMT rapidly degrades, releasing DOX and generating Mn2+ ions that synergistically activate STING signaling and induce immunogenic cell death, thereby amplifying therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, Ang-PMT enables precise drug delivery and achieves potent synergistic inhibition of tumor growth, significantly outperforming TPP-DOX, Ang-PM, and Ang-PT treatments.
{"title":"Angiopep-2 functionalized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanocomposite for synergistic chemo-immunotherapy in glioma through STING pathway activation","authors":"Guangrong Zheng , Tengfei Ke , Hong Huang , Yue Zhang , Jincui Chen , Zhiqiang Ouyang , Shasha Bao , Guanghai Fei , Haiyan Yang , Chengde Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective treatment of glioma remains challenging due to the limited permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To address these obstacles, we develop a multifunctional nanocomposite, Ang-PMT, that enables synergistic chemo-immunotherapy by enhancing BBB penetration and amplifying activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Ang-PMT consists of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) conjugated with angiopep-2 (Ang) and encapsulates manganese dioxide (MnO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles and triphenylphosphonium modified doxorubicin (TPP-DOX). Ang-PMT efficiently traverses the BBB via Ang-mediated transcytosis and selectively targets glioma cells through mitochondrial localization conferred by the TPP moiety. Upon exposure to intracellular glutathione, Ang-PMT rapidly degrades, releasing DOX and generating Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions that synergistically activate STING signaling and induce immunogenic cell death, thereby amplifying therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, Ang-PMT enables precise drug delivery and achieves potent synergistic inhibition of tumor growth, significantly outperforming TPP-DOX, Ang-PM, and Ang-PT treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115649"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115634
Kai Liao , Wenjun Wang , Xuesong Mei , Chunjin Wang , Chi Fai Cheung
Achieving superhydrophobic surfaces with high optical transparency and durability remains a key challenge for optical and fluidic applications. This study investigates the formation mechanism of femtosecond laser-induced microgroove arrays and compares three double-pulse configurations—low–high, equal–equal, and high–low energy sequences—with the conventional single-pulse mode for generating hierarchical micro/nanostructures. Among them, the low–high sequence (Type 1) produced the most uniform and defined structures by modulating free-electron dynamics and enabling homogeneous energy deposition, stabilizing a Cassie–Baxter wetting regime. A 1.5 × 1.5 cm2 transparent superhydrophobic sample was fabricated in 75 s using a single scan, maskless process. After applying a fluorocarbon plasma treatment (C4F8), the Type 1 surface showed a water contact angle of 154.5° and high transmittance (>88%) in the 300–800 nm range. XPS revealed the highest CF2/CF3 ratio on this surface, correlating with enhanced hydrophobicity. The surface also demonstrated excellent durability against compression, tape delamination, aging, water jets, thermal cycling, and chemical corrosion. This work presents a rapid and scalable laser-based method for fabricating large-area, durable, and transparent superhydrophobic glass surfaces for potential use in optical windows, self-cleaning coatings, microfluidics, and smart devices.
{"title":"Rapid fabrication of stable and highly transparent superhydrophobic glass surfaces using femtosecond laser double-pulse trains","authors":"Kai Liao , Wenjun Wang , Xuesong Mei , Chunjin Wang , Chi Fai Cheung","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving superhydrophobic surfaces with high optical transparency and durability remains a key challenge for optical and fluidic applications. This study investigates the formation mechanism of femtosecond laser-induced microgroove arrays and compares three double-pulse configurations—low–high, equal–equal, and high–low energy sequences—with the conventional single-pulse mode for generating hierarchical micro/nanostructures. Among them, the low–high sequence (Type 1) produced the most uniform and defined structures by modulating free-electron dynamics and enabling homogeneous energy deposition, stabilizing a Cassie–Baxter wetting regime. A 1.5 × 1.5 cm<sup>2</sup> transparent superhydrophobic sample was fabricated in 75 s using a single scan, maskless process. After applying a fluorocarbon plasma treatment (C<sub>4</sub>F<sub>8</sub>), the Type 1 surface showed a water contact angle of 154.5° and high transmittance (>88%) in the 300–800 nm range. XPS revealed the highest CF<sub>2</sub>/CF<sub>3</sub> ratio on this surface, correlating with enhanced hydrophobicity. The surface also demonstrated excellent durability against compression, tape delamination, aging, water jets, thermal cycling, and chemical corrosion. This work presents a rapid and scalable laser-based method for fabricating large-area, durable, and transparent superhydrophobic glass surfaces for potential use in optical windows, self-cleaning coatings, microfluidics, and smart devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115634"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115528
Zeyu Liang , Yuping Deng , Dongliang Zhao , Mian Wang , Qizhi Zhou , Wentian Zhang , Haolin Yang , Gang Huang , Jianlin Shen , Wenchang Tan , Wenhua Huang
A key requirement in the design of skeletal muscle biomaterials is to match the mechanical properties of native tissue, which are governed by its microstructural organization. However, the specific microstructural features of native skeletal muscle and their corresponding passive mechanical properties have not yet been systematically investigated. This study aimed to address these gaps by characterizing the mechanical properties and muscle fiber alignment of skeletal muscle under three conditions. We further sought to associate the biaxial stress–stretch response with load-dependent behaviors of microstructure to better understand the structural mechanisms driving changes in viscoelastic behavior. We found that highly aligned fibers led to a higher elastic modulus (239.6 ± 105 kPa, P < 0.0001), indicating a significant increase in tissue stiffness. In contrast, tissues with a more random fiber distribution or greater fiber waviness exhibited stiffness values comparable to those of fresh tissue (84.31 ± 48.59 and 76.86 ± 21.67 kPa, respectively). These findings demonstrate that muscle fiber alignment significantly affects the passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle by modulating the tissue response to passive loading. Overall, our results provide new insights into how alterations in muscle fiber alignment influence passive mechanical behavior and offer valuable guidance for the design and development of skeletal muscle biomaterials.
骨骼肌生物材料设计的一个关键要求是与天然组织的机械性能相匹配，这是由其微观结构组织决定的。然而，天然骨骼肌的具体微观结构特征及其相应的被动力学性能尚未得到系统的研究。本研究旨在通过表征三种条件下骨骼肌的机械性能和肌纤维排列来解决这些空白。我们进一步寻求将双轴应力-拉伸响应与微观结构的载荷依赖行为联系起来，以更好地理解驱动粘弹性行为变化的结构机制。我们发现高度排列的纤维导致更高的弹性模量（239.6±105 kPa, P < 0.0001），表明组织刚度显著增加。相比之下，纤维分布更随机或纤维波纹度更大的组织的刚度值与新鲜组织相当（分别为84.31±48.59和76.86±21.67 kPa）。这些研究结果表明，肌纤维排列通过调节组织对被动负荷的反应，显著影响骨骼肌的被动力学性能。总的来说，我们的研究结果为肌纤维排列改变如何影响被动力学行为提供了新的见解，并为骨骼肌生物材料的设计和开发提供了有价值的指导。
{"title":"Structural mechanisms linking muscle fiber alignment to elastic modulus in skeletal muscle","authors":"Zeyu Liang , Yuping Deng , Dongliang Zhao , Mian Wang , Qizhi Zhou , Wentian Zhang , Haolin Yang , Gang Huang , Jianlin Shen , Wenchang Tan , Wenhua Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A key requirement in the design of skeletal muscle biomaterials is to match the mechanical properties of native tissue, which are governed by its microstructural organization. However, the specific microstructural features of native skeletal muscle and their corresponding passive mechanical properties have not yet been systematically investigated. This study aimed to address these gaps by characterizing the mechanical properties and muscle fiber alignment of skeletal muscle under three conditions. We further sought to associate the biaxial stress–stretch response with load-dependent behaviors of microstructure to better understand the structural mechanisms driving changes in viscoelastic behavior. We found that highly aligned fibers led to a higher elastic modulus (239.6 ± 105 kPa, <em>P</em> < 0.0001), indicating a significant increase in tissue stiffness. In contrast, tissues with a more random fiber distribution or greater fiber waviness exhibited stiffness values comparable to those of fresh tissue (84.31 ± 48.59 and 76.86 ± 21.67 kPa, respectively). These findings demonstrate that muscle fiber alignment significantly affects the passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle by modulating the tissue response to passive loading. Overall, our results provide new insights into how alterations in muscle fiber alignment influence passive mechanical behavior and offer valuable guidance for the design and development of skeletal muscle biomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115528"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115552
F. Perez-Boerema , F. Distefano , S. Innocente , G. Epasto , L. Geris
Porous biomaterials offer unique advantages compared to traditional materials. To benefit from these advantages accurate knowledge of the material’s mechanical properties is crucial. In this study, titanium skeletal and sheet-gyroid-based unit cells were mechanically characterized. To this end, porous cylindrical short and long samples were manufactured in Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23), scanned and subjected to quasi-static uniaxial compression tests. Experiments were complemented with finite element simulations. Both our experimental and in silico findings, yielded offset and plateau stresses in line with most literature. They also showed that the intrinsic stiffness of titanium gyroids is substantially underestimated by studies experimentally characterizing them in compression. In most instances, these underestimations ranged from 40% to 80%. A compelling explanation for the observed underestimations was found to be a slanted contact between the compression plate and sample. We show this can lead to underestimations in the measured modulus of titanium gyroids, with limited effect on their offset and plateau stresses, when samples with lower length-diameter ratios are used. These findings carry obvious design implications, but more importantly, they raise questions regarding the general accuracy of experimentally determined compressive moduli reported in the literature for metallic porous biomaterials, and the conclusions derived from them.
与传统材料相比，多孔生物材料具有独特的优势。为了从这些优势中获益，准确了解材料的机械性能是至关重要的。在这项研究中，钛骨架和片状陀螺仪为基础的单位细胞的机械特性。为此，在Ti-6Al-4V ELI （Grade 23）中制备多孔圆柱形短、长样品，进行扫描并进行准静态单轴压缩试验。实验辅以有限元模拟。我们的实验和计算机研究结果都得出了与大多数文献一致的偏移和高原应力。他们还表明，在实验研究中，钛陀螺仪的固有刚度被大大低估了。在大多数情况下，这些低估幅度从40%到80%不等。一个令人信服的解释，观察到的低估被发现是一个倾斜接触的压缩板和样品。我们表明，当使用较低长径比的样品时，这可能导致钛陀螺的测量模量被低估，对其偏移和平台应力的影响有限。这些发现具有明显的设计意义，但更重要的是，它们提出了关于金属多孔生物材料实验确定的压缩模量的一般准确性的问题，以及由此得出的结论。
{"title":"Mechanical characterization of Ti-6Al-4V gyroids: On the systematic underestimation of their compressive stiffness","authors":"F. Perez-Boerema , F. Distefano , S. Innocente , G. Epasto , L. Geris","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous biomaterials offer unique advantages compared to traditional materials. To benefit from these advantages accurate knowledge of the material’s mechanical properties is crucial. In this study, titanium skeletal and sheet-gyroid-based unit cells were mechanically characterized. To this end, porous cylindrical short and long samples were manufactured in Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23), scanned and subjected to quasi-static uniaxial compression tests. Experiments were complemented with finite element simulations. Both our experimental and in silico findings, yielded offset and plateau stresses in line with most literature. They also showed that the intrinsic stiffness of titanium gyroids is substantially underestimated by studies experimentally characterizing them in compression. In most instances, these underestimations ranged from 40% to 80%. A compelling explanation for the observed underestimations was found to be a slanted contact between the compression plate and sample. We show this can lead to underestimations in the measured modulus of titanium gyroids, with limited effect on their offset and plateau stresses, when samples with lower length-diameter ratios are used. These findings carry obvious design implications, but more importantly, they raise questions regarding the general accuracy of experimentally determined compressive moduli reported in the literature for metallic porous biomaterials, and the conclusions derived from them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115552"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115592
Di Qiu , Longsheng Feng , Yunzhi Wang
Compositional and structural heterogeneities at interphase interfaces modify the local generalized stacking fault (GSF) energy, thereby influencing the slip behavior of dislocations across these interfaces. Phase-field dislocation dynamics simulations reveal that in nickel-based superalloys dislocations in the matrix traverse the interface in paired configurations once a critical applied stress is reached. This critical stress decreases with increasing interfacial width, corresponding to a more diffuse interface characterized by a smoother gradient in GSF landscape. Introducing a nonlinear coupling term into the interfacial GSF energy creates an additional energy barrier that alters the local displacement transmission pathway, leading to a distinctive jerky dislocation glide across the interface. With continuous dislocation emission from the matrix, long-range elastic interactions, interfacial energy barriers and external loading govern dislocation pile-ups at and transmission across the interface, resulting in the formation of various dislocation configurations within the phase. A relatively high applied stress combined with a low interfacial barrier promotes the formation of a 2CSF (complex stacking fault) + APB (antiphase boundary) superdislocation, whereas the opposite conditions favor isolated APBs. These results underscore the potential of interface engineering to control dislocation behavior in -strengthened superalloys through precise tailoring of the local interfacial GSF landscape.
{"title":"Regulating dislocation-mediated plasticity in superalloys through localized stacking fault modification at γ/γ’ interface","authors":"Di Qiu , Longsheng Feng , Yunzhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compositional and structural heterogeneities at interphase interfaces modify the local generalized stacking fault (GSF) energy, thereby influencing the slip behavior of dislocations across these interfaces. Phase-field dislocation dynamics simulations reveal that in nickel-based superalloys dislocations in the <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> matrix traverse the <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>γ</mi><mo>′</mo></mrow></math></span> interface in paired configurations once a critical applied stress is reached. This critical stress decreases with increasing interfacial width, corresponding to a more diffuse interface characterized by a smoother gradient in GSF landscape. Introducing a nonlinear coupling term into the interfacial GSF energy creates an additional energy barrier that alters the local displacement transmission pathway, leading to a distinctive jerky dislocation glide across the interface. With continuous dislocation emission from the matrix, long-range elastic interactions, interfacial energy barriers and external loading govern dislocation pile-ups at and transmission across the interface, resulting in the formation of various dislocation configurations within the <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>′</mo></mrow></math></span> phase. A relatively high applied stress combined with a low interfacial barrier promotes the formation of a 2CSF (complex stacking fault) + APB (antiphase boundary) superdislocation, whereas the opposite conditions favor isolated APBs. These results underscore the potential of interface engineering to control dislocation behavior in <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>′</mo></mrow></math></span>-strengthened superalloys through precise tailoring of the local interfacial GSF landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115592"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115567
Guyeli Yang , Ran Huang , Jun Zhu , Congcong Li , Xin Ma
Accurate characterization of skin mechanics is essential for understanding aging, pathology, and the design of biomimetic materials. However, in-vivo methods capable of quantifying the dynamic viscoelastic properties of skin remain limited. We present a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) approach using a voice-coil motor-driven system that applies cyclic tensile loading to living skin. Crucially, we introduce an apparent modulus definition validated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA), enabling quantitative, site-specific, and frequency-dependent characterization. Feasibility was confirmed on silicone elastomers, where results matched a universal tensile tester, demonstrating accuracy and sensitivity. In-vivo measurements on facial and dorsal hand skin revealed key dynamic material behaviors, including frequency-dependent softening, anisotropy, nonlinearity, and viscoelastic energy dissipation. This methodology for standardized assessment of human skin mechanics can bridge biomaterials research and living tissue analysis and provide a foundation for future clinical and translational applications.
{"title":"In-vivo dynamic mechanical analysis of human skin: A standardized protocol using SkinMech-DMA","authors":"Guyeli Yang , Ran Huang , Jun Zhu , Congcong Li , Xin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate characterization of skin mechanics is essential for understanding aging, pathology, and the design of biomimetic materials. However, in-vivo methods capable of quantifying the dynamic viscoelastic properties of skin remain limited. We present a Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) approach using a voice-coil motor-driven system that applies cyclic tensile loading to living skin. Crucially, we introduce an apparent modulus definition validated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA), enabling quantitative, site-specific, and frequency-dependent characterization. Feasibility was confirmed on silicone elastomers, where results matched a universal tensile tester, demonstrating accuracy and sensitivity. In-vivo measurements on facial and dorsal hand skin revealed key dynamic material behaviors, including frequency-dependent softening, anisotropy, nonlinearity, and viscoelastic energy dissipation. This methodology for standardized assessment of human skin mechanics can bridge biomaterials research and living tissue analysis and provide a foundation for future clinical and translational applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115567"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115514
Ahmed Slimani , Kamel Boukheddaden
This article explores the theoretical potential for using spin-crossover (SCO) materials to insulate buildings against photothermal effects. While many works on their possible applications as memories, actuators, displays, sensors, etc. are often reported in the literature, the present theme is absent from the study of the properties of SCO materials. Our strategy is based on the use of the thermally-induced first-order transition of SCO solids, which is accompanied by thermochromic properties, to pave the way for their use as a protective layer improving the energy efficiency of buildings, notably by protecting them from photothermal effects caused by the sun’s heat. In this context, we propose detailed numerical simulations and parametric analysis of the physical properties of the SCO layer (thickness, heat diffusion, ligand field, …), which are key factors regulating their thermal performance. This work provides predictive guidelines for engineering applications and opens up new avenues for experimental investigations of SCO-based thermal protection systems.
{"title":"Numerical optimization of the physical properties of thermochromic layers based on spin transition materials for cold coating applications","authors":"Ahmed Slimani , Kamel Boukheddaden","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article explores the theoretical potential for using spin-crossover (SCO) materials to insulate buildings against photothermal effects. While many works on their possible applications as memories, actuators, displays, sensors, etc. are often reported in the literature, the present theme is absent from the study of the properties of SCO materials. Our strategy is based on the use of the thermally-induced first-order transition of SCO solids, which is accompanied by thermochromic properties, to pave the way for their use as a protective layer improving the energy efficiency of buildings, notably by protecting them from photothermal effects caused by the sun’s heat. In this context, we propose detailed numerical simulations and parametric analysis of the physical properties of the SCO layer (thickness, heat diffusion, ligand field, …), which are key factors regulating their thermal performance. This work provides predictive guidelines for engineering applications and opens up new avenues for experimental investigations of SCO-based thermal protection systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115514"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115619
Hongxing Li , Gang Zuo , Guotao Zha , Fulin Guo , Fuyin Ma
Multi-scale design of metamaterials can effectively enhance their acoustic performance without sacrificing structural dimensions, which has been validated in the design of vibration and sound absorption structures. Based on this, this study constructs a multi-scale acoustic metamaterial (MSAM) for low-frequency broadband sound insulation by using a double-layer thin-plate-type locally resonant acoustic metamaterial as the carrier and replacing homogeneous masses with particle-filled masses in locally resonant units. By leveraging the resonance and anti-resonance effects of macroscopic locally resonant units, together with the mass and damping effects introduced by microscopic particles, MSAM can achieve multi-scale energy dissipation, effectively improving the low-frequency sound insulation performance of thin-plate-type acoustic metamaterials. Meanwhile, the in-plane non-uniform distribution broadens the working frequency band. The research on MSAM shows that the introduction of particles introduces additional design parameters for thin-plate-type acoustic metamaterials. By adjusting the particle filling ratio, the mass and damping effects of MSAM can be modulated, enabling excellent frequency and amplitude tunability in the low-frequency range. Experimental measurements on large-scale structures validate the engineering feasibility of MSAM. Owing to its thin thickness, low surface mass density, good structural stability, and excellent low-frequency broadband sound insulation performance, MSAM has promising applications in practical noise control engineering.
{"title":"Multi-scale acoustic metamaterial for low-frequency broadband sound insulation","authors":"Hongxing Li , Gang Zuo , Guotao Zha , Fulin Guo , Fuyin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-scale design of metamaterials can effectively enhance their acoustic performance without sacrificing structural dimensions, which has been validated in the design of vibration and sound absorption structures. Based on this, this study constructs a multi-scale acoustic metamaterial (MSAM) for low-frequency broadband sound insulation by using a double-layer thin-plate-type locally resonant acoustic metamaterial as the carrier and replacing homogeneous masses with particle-filled masses in locally resonant units. By leveraging the resonance and anti-resonance effects of macroscopic locally resonant units, together with the mass and damping effects introduced by microscopic particles, MSAM can achieve multi-scale energy dissipation, effectively improving the low-frequency sound insulation performance of thin-plate-type acoustic metamaterials. Meanwhile, the in-plane non-uniform distribution broadens the working frequency band. The research on MSAM shows that the introduction of particles introduces additional design parameters for thin-plate-type acoustic metamaterials. By adjusting the particle filling ratio, the mass and damping effects of MSAM can be modulated, enabling excellent frequency and amplitude tunability in the low-frequency range. Experimental measurements on large-scale structures validate the engineering feasibility of MSAM. Owing to its thin thickness, low surface mass density, good structural stability, and excellent low-frequency broadband sound insulation performance, MSAM has promising applications in practical noise control engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115619"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115548
Tao Wu , Ruiquan Wang , Guang Chen , Yajun Yin , Yanbin Shen , Changxin Lei , Huayong Zhao
Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) show great promise for extreme environments, but their development is hindered by the vast compositional space and the challenge of balancing multiple properties. This study presents an integrated machine learning (ML) framework for the efficient design of RHEAs for achieving both high hardness and excellent corrosion resistance. A comprehensive dataset was constructed, and multitask learning with tree-based ensemble algorithms was employed to develop predictive models for hardness, corrosion potential (Ecorr), and corrosion current density (Icorr). The models are trained for a narrowly defined Nb-Mo-Ta-W-V compositional space. Data from 36 publications were processed, with Ecorr cleaned systematically and Icorr purified electrochemically, yielding final datasets of 157(hardness), 93(Ecorr), and 187(Icorr) entries. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis revealed key descriptors, such as the d-electron concentration, average electronegativity, average melting point, and mixing entropy for hardness and the difference in the atomic size (δr) and electronegativity (Δχ) for corrosion resistance. The optimized models demonstrated high predictive accuracy (R2 was 0.91 for hardness and 0.83 for Ecorr and Icorr). Three novel RHEAs were designed and experimentally validated, the results revealed excellent agreement between the predicted and measured properties, with accuracies > 85 %. This work presents a robust ML-driven paradigm for multiobjective optimization of RHEAs.
{"title":"Machine learning-driven design of refractory high-entropy alloys with high performance of hardness and corrosion resistance","authors":"Tao Wu , Ruiquan Wang , Guang Chen , Yajun Yin , Yanbin Shen , Changxin Lei , Huayong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) show great promise for extreme environments, but their development is hindered by the vast compositional space and the challenge of balancing multiple properties. This study presents <del>an integrated</del> machine learning (ML) framework for the efficient design of RHEAs for achieving both high hardness and excellent corrosion resistance. A comprehensive dataset was constructed, and <del>multitask</del> learning with tree-based ensemble algorithms was employed to develop predictive models for hardness, corrosion potential (E<sub>corr</sub>), and corrosion current density (I<sub>corr</sub>). The models are trained for a narrowly defined Nb-Mo-Ta-W-V compositional space. Data from 36 publications were processed, with E<sub>corr</sub> cleaned systematically and I<sub>corr</sub> purified electrochemically, yielding final datasets of 157(hardness), 93(E<sub>corr</sub>), and 187(I<sub>corr</sub>) entries. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis revealed key descriptors, such as the d-electron concentration, average electronegativity, average melting point, and mixing entropy for hardness and the difference in the atomic size (δr) and electronegativity (Δχ) for corrosion resistance. The optimized models demonstrated high predictive accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> was 0.91 for hardness and 0.83 for E<sub>corr</sub> and I<sub>corr</sub>). Three novel RHEAs were designed and experimentally validated, the results revealed excellent agreement between the predicted and measured properties, with accuracies > 85 %. This work presents a robust ML-driven paradigm for multiobjective optimization of RHEAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115548"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115564
Yixia Liang , Shuwen Cao , Xuanping Deng , Jiabao Tan , Guo Wu , Shiyu Tan , Xiaoding Xu , Jiyi Yao , Lei Xu , Phei Er Saw
Compared to hematologic malignancies, solid tumors respond poorly to immunotherapy, largely due to their immunosuppressive microenvironment and lack of effective immune regulatory molecules. Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule Family Member 7 (SLAMF7), a macrophage-activating receptor highly expressed in hematologic cancers, is scarcely present in solid tumors. While tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) possess anti-tumor potential, their phagocytic capacity remains untapped in solid tumors. We herein developed a glutathione (GSH)-responsive nanoparticle platform based on PLGA10k-S-S-mPEG5k to deliver plasmid DNA encoding SLAMF7 (NPpSLAMF7) into solid tumor cells. Successful SLAMF7 expression effectively reprogrammed these cells to mimic hematopoietic cancer cells, thereby inducing potent macrophage phagocytosis. RNA-seq and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that upon phagocytosis, macrophages activated phagocytosis-related and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways, leading to increased secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10, driving CD8+ T cell recruitment. In both orthotopic and metastatic breast tumor models, NPpSLAMF7 synergized with anti-PD-1 antibody therapy, achieving maximal tumor suppression. Our work establishes NPpSLAMF7 as the first nanoplatform to induce SLAMF7 expression in solid tumors, thereby enhancing macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and CD8+ T cell infiltration. This strategy reprograms the TME and acts synergistically with PD-1 blockade, offering a promising strategy for next-generation solid tumor immunotherapy.
{"title":"Nanoparticles-mediated SLAMF7 overexpression regulates TME for enhanced immunotherapy of solid tumors","authors":"Yixia Liang , Shuwen Cao , Xuanping Deng , Jiabao Tan , Guo Wu , Shiyu Tan , Xiaoding Xu , Jiyi Yao , Lei Xu , Phei Er Saw","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to hematologic malignancies, solid tumors respond poorly to immunotherapy, largely due to their immunosuppressive microenvironment and lack of effective immune regulatory molecules. Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule Family Member 7 (SLAMF7), a macrophage-activating receptor highly expressed in hematologic cancers, is scarcely present in solid tumors. While tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) possess anti-tumor potential, their phagocytic capacity remains untapped in solid tumors. We herein developed a glutathione (GSH)-responsive nanoparticle platform based on PLGA<sub>10k</sub>-S-S-mPEG<sub>5k</sub> to deliver plasmid DNA encoding SLAMF7 (NP<sub>pSLAMF7</sub>) into solid tumor cells. Successful SLAMF7 expression effectively reprogrammed these cells to mimic hematopoietic cancer cells, thereby inducing potent macrophage phagocytosis. RNA-seq and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that upon phagocytosis, macrophages activated phagocytosis-related and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways, leading to increased secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10, driving CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell recruitment. In both orthotopic and metastatic breast tumor models, NP<sub>pSLAMF7</sub> synergized with anti-PD-1 antibody therapy, achieving maximal tumor suppression. Our work establishes NP<sub>pSLAMF7</sub> as the first nanoplatform to induce SLAMF7 expression in solid tumors, thereby enhancing macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell infiltration. This strategy reprograms the TME and acts synergistically with PD-1 blockade, offering a promising strategy for next-generation solid tumor immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 115564"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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