Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115405
Yanyu Wang , Fenglong Zhang , Can Cui , Fan Zhang , Wenyu Zhang , Yanchao Li , Jinxiao Bao
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) using sulfide (SEs) have emerged as highly promising candidates for next-generation energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety and remarkable theoretical energy density. However, the limited electrochemical stability of sulfide SEs, coupled with various interface issues arising from solid-solid contact with cathode materials, has slowed the progress toward the commercialization of sulfide-oriented ASSLBs. Significant endeavors have been devoted to the advancement of sulfide-based ASSLBs, with notable progress achieved in recent years. This review summarizes the types and properties of sulfide SEs, discusses the merit and demerit associated with various preparation methods, and comprehensively analyzes the interface challenges between cathode materials and sulfide SEs, along with corresponding solutions. It also highlights recent research progress and potential future directions for improving sulfide-based ASSLBs. This review not only provides a comprehensive understanding of sulfide-based ASSLBs but also lays the groundwork for advancing sustainable and efficient energy storage systems.
{"title":"Recent research progress on sulfide solid electrolytes and sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Yanyu Wang , Fenglong Zhang , Can Cui , Fan Zhang , Wenyu Zhang , Yanchao Li , Jinxiao Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) using sulfide (SEs) have emerged as highly promising candidates for next-generation energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety and remarkable theoretical energy density. However, the limited electrochemical stability of sulfide SEs, coupled with various interface issues arising from solid-solid contact with cathode materials, has slowed the progress toward the commercialization of sulfide-oriented ASSLBs. Significant endeavors have been devoted to the advancement of sulfide-based ASSLBs, with notable progress achieved in recent years. This review summarizes the types and properties of sulfide SEs, discusses the merit and demerit associated with various preparation methods, and comprehensively analyzes the interface challenges between cathode materials and sulfide SEs, along with corresponding solutions. It also highlights recent research progress and potential future directions for improving sulfide-based ASSLBs. This review not only provides a comprehensive understanding of sulfide-based ASSLBs but also lays the groundwork for advancing sustainable and efficient energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 115405"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115473
Oleksandr Glushko , Srikakulapu Kiranbabu , Anna Jelinek , Juraj Todt , Josef Keckes , Anton Hohenwarter , Christoph Kammerhofer , Ronald Schnitzer
The formation of white etching layers (WELs) on railway track surfaces represents both a long-standing engineering challenge and a scientific puzzle. Because WELs develop under variable and complex local conditions, the mechanisms behind their formation remain under debate. This study reconstructs the sequence of events leading to WEL formation by examining structural transformations at the interface between WELs and the underlying pearlitic steel. WELs were reproducibly generated using a full-scale test rig under conditions of significant slip, but low speed and a limited number of wheel passes. A correlative characterization approach, employing techniques ranging from synchrotron X-ray diffraction to atom probe tomography, revealed abrupt microstructural changes at the interface, including cementite dissolution, ferrite lattice distortion, and retained austenite formation. Since the experimentally produced WELs are indistinguishable from those found on in-service rails, we propose a model in which WELs form during a single, severe slip event. This model suggests that the accumulation of plastic strain over many cycles is not a necessary condition for WEL formation. Instead, a single event of rapid and severe plastic deformation leads to adiabatic heating, autocatalytic softening, and plastic flow of the material, which transforms into hard and brittle ultrafine-grained martensite upon cooling.
{"title":"Correlative characterization of structural changes across a white etching layer boundary: Evidence for a single-slip mechanism","authors":"Oleksandr Glushko , Srikakulapu Kiranbabu , Anna Jelinek , Juraj Todt , Josef Keckes , Anton Hohenwarter , Christoph Kammerhofer , Ronald Schnitzer","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of white etching layers (WELs) on railway track surfaces represents both a long-standing engineering challenge and a scientific puzzle. Because WELs develop under variable and complex local conditions, the mechanisms behind their formation remain under debate. This study reconstructs the sequence of events leading to WEL formation by examining structural transformations at the interface between WELs and the underlying pearlitic steel. WELs were reproducibly generated using a full-scale test rig under conditions of significant slip, but low speed and a limited number of wheel passes. A correlative characterization approach, employing techniques ranging from synchrotron X-ray diffraction to atom probe tomography, revealed abrupt microstructural changes at the interface, including cementite dissolution, ferrite lattice distortion, and retained austenite formation. Since the experimentally produced WELs are indistinguishable from those found on in-service rails, we propose a model in which WELs form during a single, severe slip event. This model suggests that the accumulation of plastic strain over many cycles is not a necessary condition for WEL formation. Instead, a single event of rapid and severe plastic deformation leads to adiabatic heating, autocatalytic softening, and plastic flow of the material, which transforms into hard and brittle ultrafine-grained martensite upon cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 115473"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115470
Mariem Naffeti , Rosa Ana Ramírez-Jiménez , Radhouane Chtourou , Pablo Aitor Postigo , Maria Rosa Aguilar , Luis Rojo
Targeted eradication of bacteria using nanomaterials has gained prominence as a solution to antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. A synergistic hybrid structure, integrating nanostructured surfaces with nanowire arrays and plasmonic metal nanoparticles, represents a promising approach. In this context, this study focuses on the functionalization of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) to design a novel and cost-effective antibacterial agent. High-density needle-like SiNWs were synthesized via metal-assisted chemical etching, with BiNPs anchored through thermal evaporation. Morphology, elemental composition, and structural analysis confirmed the formation of the BiNPs@SiNWs nanocomposite. The hydrophilic nature of BiNPs@SiNWs facilitates antifouling by reducing bacterial contamination. These nanocomposites exhibit outstanding absorbance, reaching 99%, particularly in the near-infrared range overlapping with three biological windows, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and efficient solar-driven photothermal effects that harm bacteria. Antibacterial properties were assessed under natural solar irradiation against gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis. Using colony-forming units, fluorescence staining, and scanning electron microscopy, remarkable bacteriostatic and bactericidal rates of 96% and 99%, were respectively observed. The mechanisms underlying these effects were thoroughly elucidated, showing sustained efficacy across multiple cycles. BiNPs@SiNWs display significant potential as a novel and efficient antibacterial agent for diverse biomedical applications.
{"title":"Bismuth-enhanced silicon nanowires: exploring their antimicrobial potential","authors":"Mariem Naffeti , Rosa Ana Ramírez-Jiménez , Radhouane Chtourou , Pablo Aitor Postigo , Maria Rosa Aguilar , Luis Rojo","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Targeted eradication of bacteria using nanomaterials has gained prominence as a solution to antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. A synergistic hybrid structure, integrating nanostructured surfaces with nanowire arrays and plasmonic metal nanoparticles, represents a promising approach. In this context, this study focuses on the functionalization of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) to design a novel and cost-effective antibacterial agent. High-density needle-like SiNWs were synthesized via metal-assisted chemical etching, with BiNPs anchored through thermal evaporation. Morphology, elemental composition, and structural analysis confirmed the formation of the BiNPs@SiNWs nanocomposite. The hydrophilic nature of BiNPs@SiNWs facilitates antifouling by reducing bacterial contamination. These nanocomposites exhibit outstanding absorbance, reaching 99%, particularly in the near-infrared range overlapping with three biological windows, promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and efficient solar-driven photothermal effects that harm bacteria. Antibacterial properties were assessed under natural solar irradiation against gram-negative <em>Escherichia coli</em> and gram-positive <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>. Using colony-forming units, fluorescence staining, and scanning electron microscopy, remarkable bacteriostatic and bactericidal rates of 96% and 99%, were respectively observed. The mechanisms underlying these effects were thoroughly elucidated, showing sustained efficacy across multiple cycles. BiNPs@SiNWs display significant potential as a novel and efficient antibacterial agent for diverse biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 115470"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115466
Jun Tang , Langlang Zhao , Yiqiang Zhong , Wenhao Yang , Shuyao Si , Lulu Hu , Jie Li , Nannan Jia , Wei Teng , Guangxu Cai , Feng Ren
Developing advanced structural materials for next-generation nuclear reactors that simultaneously achieve superior radiation tolerance, excellent mechanical properties, and manufacturable components remains a significant challenge. Additive manufacturing via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) offers a promising pathway to engineer high-performance reactor materials with tailored microstructures. Herein, oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) Fe-Cr steels with near-full density (>99 %) and uniformly dispersed Y-Ti-O nanoprecipitates (number density approximately 4 × 1020/m3) were fabricated by LPBF using gas-atomized reaction-synthesized powders. In-situ formed Y-Ti-O nanoprecipitates during the intrinsic heat treatment of the LPBF process enhanced the energy barrier to plastic deformation in ODS Fe-Cr steel by impeding dislocation motion and climb, thereby conferring superior high-temperature strength and creep resistance compared to the Fe-Cr steel counterpart. Furthermore, energetic Au+ and He+ ion irradiations, coupled with transmission electron microscopy and nanoindentation analyses, demonstrate that the LPBF-engineered high-density interfaces between Y-Ti-O nanoparticles and the Fe-Cr matrix serve as efficient sinks for irradiation-induced defects. This interface-mediated defect annihilation mechanism mitigated radiation damage, ensured microstructural stability, and reduced irradiation hardening. This work provides valuable insights into the design and manufacturing of irradiation-resistant ODS steel components via LPBF for advanced nuclear reactors.
{"title":"Fabricating irradiation-tolerant ODS Fe-Cr steel with engineered Y-Ti-O nanoprecipitates by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Jun Tang , Langlang Zhao , Yiqiang Zhong , Wenhao Yang , Shuyao Si , Lulu Hu , Jie Li , Nannan Jia , Wei Teng , Guangxu Cai , Feng Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing advanced structural materials for next-generation nuclear reactors that simultaneously achieve superior radiation tolerance, excellent mechanical properties, and manufacturable components remains a significant challenge. Additive manufacturing via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) offers a promising pathway to engineer high-performance reactor materials with tailored microstructures. Herein, oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) Fe-Cr steels with near-full density (>99 %) and uniformly dispersed Y-Ti-O nanoprecipitates (number density approximately 4 × 10<sup>20</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>) were fabricated by LPBF using gas-atomized reaction-synthesized powders. In-situ formed Y-Ti-O nanoprecipitates during the intrinsic heat treatment of the LPBF process enhanced the energy barrier to plastic deformation in ODS Fe-Cr steel by impeding dislocation motion and climb, thereby conferring superior high-temperature strength and creep resistance compared to the Fe-Cr steel counterpart. Furthermore, energetic Au<sup>+</sup> and He<sup>+</sup> ion irradiations, coupled with transmission electron microscopy and nanoindentation analyses, demonstrate that the LPBF-engineered high-density interfaces between Y-Ti-O nanoparticles and the Fe-Cr matrix serve as efficient sinks for irradiation-induced defects. This interface-mediated defect annihilation mechanism mitigated radiation damage, ensured microstructural stability, and reduced irradiation hardening. This work provides valuable insights into the design and manufacturing of irradiation-resistant ODS steel components via LPBF for advanced nuclear reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 115466"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115416
Yuanxin Li , Qiujie Yang , Xinying Li, Ding Zhu, Yanguo Wang, Junbo Zhang, Yuangang Lu
Background
Skin defect caused by trauma, burn, chronic trauma and wound infection is one of the most common clinical problems. The aim of the present study was to search for new treatment methods in skin wound healing.
Method
Iron ion (Fe2+)-honokiol (HA) complex was encapsulated by ZIF-8 to form ZIF-8@Fe-HA nanoparticles (ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs). All rats were made 1 cm × 1 cm at dorsal midline full-thickness skin excision injury model. The mechanism of ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs promoting wound healing was investigated via RNA sequencing technology.
Results
ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs have been successfully prepared and validated via techniques such as transmission electron microscopy techniques and so on. RNA sequencing technology results showed that ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs inhibited PPAR-1/NLRP3 signal pathway and promoted skin wound healing.
Conclusion
ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs promoted skin wound healing by inhibiting the PPAR-1/NLRP3 signal pathway.
外伤、烧伤、慢性创伤和伤口感染引起的皮肤缺损是常见的临床问题之一。本研究旨在探索皮肤创面愈合的新治疗方法。方法采用ZIF-8包封铁离子(Fe2+)-厚朴酚（HA）配合物形成ZIF-8@Fe-HA纳米颗粒（ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs）。所有大鼠均制作1 cm × 1 cm背中线全层皮肤切除损伤模型。通过RNA测序技术研究ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs促进创面愈合的机制。ResultsZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs已成功制备并通过诸如透射电子显微镜技术等技术进行了验证。RNA测序技术结果显示ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs抑制PPAR-1/NLRP3信号通路，促进皮肤创面愈合。ConclusionZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs通过抑制PPAR-1/NLRP3信号通路促进皮肤伤口愈合。
{"title":"Bimetallic ions assist honokiol in promoting skin wound healing","authors":"Yuanxin Li , Qiujie Yang , Xinying Li, Ding Zhu, Yanguo Wang, Junbo Zhang, Yuangang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Skin defect caused by trauma, burn, chronic trauma and wound infection is one of the most common clinical problems. The aim of the present study was to search for new treatment methods in skin wound healing.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Iron ion (Fe<sup>2+</sup>)-honokiol (HA) complex was encapsulated by ZIF-8 to form ZIF-8@Fe-HA nanoparticles (ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs). All rats were made 1 cm × 1 cm at dorsal midline full-thickness skin excision injury model. The mechanism of ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs promoting wound healing was investigated via RNA sequencing technology.</div><div>Results</div><div>ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs have been successfully prepared and validated via techniques such as transmission electron microscopy techniques and so on. RNA sequencing technology results showed that ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs inhibited PPAR-1/NLRP3 signal pathway and promoted skin wound healing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ZIF-8@Fe-HA NPs promoted skin wound healing by inhibiting the PPAR-1/NLRP3 signal pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 115416"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115461
Alireza Baratian Sani Devin, Ali Keshavarzi, Hamed Saeidi Googarchin
The pursuit of lightweight and crashworthy structures in transportation is often limited by the unpredictable and brittle failure of composites. This study introduces a novel bio-inspired hybrid structure, the Adhesively bonded Hybrid Euplectella-Inspired Structure (AHEIS), that overcomes this limitation by harnessing a “guided crushing” mechanism. Inspired by the Euplectella aspergillum sponge, the design uses an adhesively bonded aluminum framework to guide the progressive crushing of corner-reinforced Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates, ensuring stable and predictable energy absorption. Crashworthiness was investigated experimentally and numerically under quasistatic oblique loading angles (10°–30°). A validated finite element model, with less than 10% deviation from experiments, captured complex damage, including delamination, petalling, and matrix cracking. Parametric studies showed that the [90/0] layup maintained exceptional crushing stability up to 25°, resisting global buckling. Optimized CFRP reinforcement increased specific energy absorption (SEA) by 79% and reduced load fluctuations by 93% compared to conventional aluminum tubes. Additionally, AHEIS outperformed six alternative bio-inspired geometries in both energy absorption and crushing stability. This guided crushing strategy establishes a new design paradigm for developing reliable, damage-tolerant, and lightweight energy absorbers for next-generation automotive applications.
{"title":"Harnessing predictable failure: a bio-inspired adhesively bonded Al/CFRP hybrid structure with guided crushing for enhanced crashworthiness under oblique loading","authors":"Alireza Baratian Sani Devin, Ali Keshavarzi, Hamed Saeidi Googarchin","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of lightweight and crashworthy structures in transportation is often limited by the unpredictable and brittle failure of composites. This study introduces a novel bio-inspired hybrid structure, the Adhesively bonded Hybrid <em>Euplectella</em>-Inspired Structure (AHEIS), that overcomes this limitation by harnessing a “guided crushing” mechanism. Inspired by the <em>Euplectella aspergillum</em> sponge, the design uses an adhesively bonded aluminum framework to guide the progressive crushing of corner-reinforced Carbon <em>Fiber</em> Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates, ensuring stable and predictable energy absorption. Crashworthiness was investigated experimentally and numerically under quasistatic oblique loading angles (10°–30°). A validated finite element model, with less than 10% deviation from experiments, captured complex damage, including delamination, petalling, and matrix cracking. Parametric studies showed that the [90/0] layup maintained exceptional crushing stability up to 25°, resisting global buckling. Optimized CFRP reinforcement increased specific energy absorption (SEA) by 79% and reduced load fluctuations by 93% compared to conventional aluminum tubes. Additionally, AHEIS outperformed six alternative bio-inspired geometries in both energy absorption and crushing stability. This guided crushing strategy establishes a new design paradigm for developing reliable, damage-tolerant, and lightweight energy absorbers for next-generation automotive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 115461"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115465
Feng Zhao , Fengtao Qiao , Shangdong Gao , Jinzhu Ma , Shuangpeng Dong , Yuan Li , Shu Zhang , Ming Jing , Hui Miao , Yongzhe Jiao , Xinyv Li , Yunpeng Bai , Yipeng Tang , Shupeng Sun , Moyuan Cao , Zhigang Guo , Shuangyang Li , Anjie Dong
Small-diameter vascular graft replacements are particularly susceptible to postoperative stenosis, primarily due to their limited lumen diameter and reduced blood flow velocity. Managing the failure of such replacements requires complex surgical procedures. The incorporation of a real-time monitoring system enables early and accurate detection of stenosis, allowing for timely and safer therapeutic strategies. We report a bilayered small-diameter vascular graft (MSVG), in which the outer PNAGA@Mxene layer combines flexible Mxene-based electronics with a poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) hydrogel to enable real-time stenosis detection and provide mechanical properties compatible with native vessels, while the inner PSBMA layer is tailored to enhance anticoagulation. The MSVG demonstrated dynamic stability under pulsatile pressure for 380 million cycles (equal to a service life of 10 years in vivo). The MSVG provided excellent sensitivity to pressure change and stenosis within the range of blood pressure in a rabbit carotid artery model. In addition, in a porcine carotid model, the MSVG enabled real-time electrical readouts that synchronized with pharmacologically modulated blood pressure, further confirming its in vivo sensing feasibility in large animals. Notably, the MSVG demonstrated outstanding anticoagulant performance and preserved excellent morphological stability throughout the 3-week and 3-month implantation periods in rabbit and porcine carotid artery models, respectively.
{"title":"Multifunctional small-diameter vascular graft for real-time stenosis detection and anticoagulation","authors":"Feng Zhao , Fengtao Qiao , Shangdong Gao , Jinzhu Ma , Shuangpeng Dong , Yuan Li , Shu Zhang , Ming Jing , Hui Miao , Yongzhe Jiao , Xinyv Li , Yunpeng Bai , Yipeng Tang , Shupeng Sun , Moyuan Cao , Zhigang Guo , Shuangyang Li , Anjie Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-diameter vascular graft replacements are particularly susceptible to postoperative stenosis, primarily due to their limited lumen diameter and reduced blood flow velocity. Managing the failure of such replacements requires complex surgical procedures. The incorporation of a real-time monitoring system enables early and accurate detection of stenosis, allowing for timely and safer therapeutic strategies. We report a bilayered small-diameter vascular graft (MSVG), in which the outer P<sub>NAGA</sub>@Mxene layer combines flexible Mxene-based electronics with a poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) hydrogel to enable real-time stenosis detection and provide mechanical properties compatible with native vessels, while the inner P<sub>SBMA</sub> layer is tailored to enhance anticoagulation. The MSVG demonstrated dynamic stability under pulsatile pressure for 380 million cycles (equal to a service life of 10 years in <em>vivo</em>). The MSVG provided excellent sensitivity to pressure change and stenosis within the range of blood pressure in a rabbit carotid artery model. In addition, in a porcine carotid model, the MSVG enabled real-time electrical readouts that synchronized with pharmacologically modulated blood pressure, further confirming its in <em>vivo</em> sensing feasibility in large animals. Notably, the MSVG demonstrated outstanding anticoagulant performance and preserved excellent morphological stability throughout the 3-week and 3-month implantation periods in rabbit and porcine carotid artery models, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 115465"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115458
Sun Xuetong , Wang Beibei , Sun Hao , Ren Xiue , Zhou Changren
The application of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) porous titanium scaffolds for patient-specific implants is steadily expanding; however, enhancing their bioactivity to support effective bone repair remains a significant challenge. This study presents a novel composite scaffold designed to enable spatiotemporally controlled release of dexamethasone (Dex) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), thereby promoting bone regeneration and establishing a pro-healing microenvironment in bone defects. The composite scaffold integrates an outer SLM-Ti framework coated with a Dex-loaded polypyrrole (PPy) film for on-demand release, and an inner OSA-Gel (OG) hydrogel loaded with BMP-2-encapsulated mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) for sustained delivery. The results demonstrate that the controlled dual delivery of BMP-2 and Dex exerts a significant synergistic effect in promoting cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. These findings provide a theoretical basis for advancing SLM-Ti customized implants toward preclinical application in bone regeneration.
选择性激光熔化（SLM）多孔钛支架在患者特异性植入物中的应用正在稳步扩大；然而，增强其生物活性以支持有效的骨修复仍然是一个重大挑战。本研究提出了一种新型复合支架，旨在实现地塞米松（Dex）和骨形态发生蛋白-2 （BMP-2）的时空可控释放，从而促进骨再生并在骨缺损中建立促愈合的微环境。复合支架集成了外部SLM-Ti框架和内部sa - gel （OG）水凝胶，前者涂有负载dex的聚吡咯（PPy）薄膜，用于按需释放，后者装载bmp -2封装的介孔生物活性玻璃纳米颗粒（MBGNs），用于持续释放。结果表明，BMP-2和Dex的控制双重递送在体外促进细胞增殖和成骨分化方面具有显著的协同作用。这些发现为推进SLM-Ti定制种植体在骨再生中的临床前应用提供了理论基础。
{"title":"SLM-Ti/hydrogel composite scaffold with spatiotemporal release of functional drugs for enhanced bone regeneration","authors":"Sun Xuetong , Wang Beibei , Sun Hao , Ren Xiue , Zhou Changren","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) porous titanium scaffolds for patient-specific implants is steadily expanding; however, enhancing their bioactivity to support effective bone repair remains a significant challenge. This study presents a novel composite scaffold designed to enable spatiotemporally controlled release of dexamethasone (Dex) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), thereby promoting bone regeneration and establishing a pro-healing microenvironment in bone defects. The composite scaffold integrates an outer SLM-Ti framework coated with a Dex-loaded polypyrrole (PPy) film for on-demand release, and an inner OSA-Gel (OG) hydrogel loaded with BMP-2-encapsulated mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) for sustained delivery. The results demonstrate that the controlled dual delivery of BMP-2 and Dex exerts a significant synergistic effect in promoting cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. These findings provide a theoretical basis for advancing SLM-Ti customized implants toward preclinical application in bone regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 115458"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115463
Myungrin Woo, Hyungson Ki
This study presents a deep learning-based surrogate framework that emulates CFD outputs for laser melting processes under diverse laser beam intensity profiles. Arbitrary input beams were constructed using combinations of randomly selected piecewise hat functions, enabling the model to learn generalizable mappings for any laser intensity distribution. The model was first pretrained using analytically generated synthetic fields and subsequently trained on CFD-generated data to capture the coupled thermal, fluid, and mechanical responses of the melt pool. Its emulation capability was evaluated on realistic beam shapes—including Gaussian, top-hat, ring, and Bessel profiles—achieving high quantitative accuracy with a mean absolute error of 5.96 °C and R2 of 0.996 for temperature, and 8.41 MPa and R2 of 0.972 for von Mises residual stress. The surrogate further demonstrated strong robustness to experimentally measured, irregular, and noisy beam profiles. It employs a conditional generative adversarial network optimized using a hybrid loss function that combines L1 and masked L2 terms. Parametric studies further showed that the surrogate enables rapid evaluation of process outcomes, completing each emulation in approximately 0.013 s compared to the 22 h required for a single CFD simulation, thereby offering a practical and computationally efficient tool for beam-shaping design and optimization.
{"title":"A synthetic-data-trained deep learning model for predicting residual stress and melt pool characteristics in laser melting with arbitrary beam profiles","authors":"Myungrin Woo, Hyungson Ki","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a deep learning-based surrogate framework that emulates CFD outputs for laser melting processes under diverse laser beam intensity profiles. Arbitrary input beams were constructed using combinations of randomly selected piecewise hat functions, enabling the model to learn generalizable mappings for any laser intensity distribution. The model was first pretrained using analytically generated synthetic fields and subsequently trained on CFD-generated data to capture the coupled thermal, fluid, and mechanical responses of the melt pool. Its emulation capability was evaluated on realistic beam shapes—including Gaussian, top-hat, ring, and Bessel profiles—achieving high quantitative accuracy with a mean absolute error of 5.96 °C and R<sup>2</sup> of 0.996 for temperature, and 8.41 MPa and R<sup>2</sup> of 0.972 for von Mises residual stress. The surrogate further demonstrated strong robustness to experimentally measured, irregular, and noisy beam profiles. It employs a conditional generative adversarial network optimized using a hybrid loss function that combines L1 and masked L2 terms. Parametric studies further showed that the surrogate enables rapid evaluation of process outcomes, completing each emulation in approximately 0.013 s compared to the 22 h required for a single CFD simulation, thereby offering a practical and computationally efficient tool for beam-shaping design and optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 115463"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115434
Sirong Shi , Xiaofeng Su , Yun Wang , Ke Xu , Zhanchen Dong , Shanshan Liu , Weitong Lu , Yunfeng Lin , Yan Jiang
Single-stranded signal probes, despite their ability to perform complex functions, are fundamentally limited by their susceptibility to degradation in biological fluids, which hinders effective signal transduction and quantitative target analysis. Furthermore, achieving accurate lesion localization in bioimaging is often impeded by the low cellular uptake efficiency, poor affinity, and limited tissue penetration of conventional imaging agents. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDN) have emerged as a groundbreaking platform to overcome these barriers, offering robust signal transduction and efficient delivery of targeted probes due to their inherent programmability, superior biostability, and powerful cell membrane permeability. This review first analyzes how TDN optimize classical sensing strategies (electrochemical, optical, electrochemiluminescence) for accurate in vitro quantification. We then explore the evolution toward TDN-empowered logic computing and multidimensional sensing, enabling intelligent molecular decision-making. Subsequently, we elucidate the translation of these principles into TDN-mediated cross-biological barrier responses for in vivo visualization, detailing the imaging progression to systemic localization and dynamic functional programming for biosystem regulation. Finally, we provide a forward-looking perspective on the translational pathway of these complex systems from proof-of-concept studies to preclinical and clinical realization.
{"title":"From signal transduction to visual response: a new paradigm empowered by tetrahedral DNA nanostructures","authors":"Sirong Shi , Xiaofeng Su , Yun Wang , Ke Xu , Zhanchen Dong , Shanshan Liu , Weitong Lu , Yunfeng Lin , Yan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2026.115434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-stranded signal probes, despite their ability to perform complex functions, are fundamentally limited by their susceptibility to degradation in biological fluids, which hinders effective signal transduction and quantitative target analysis. Furthermore, achieving accurate lesion localization in bioimaging is often impeded by the low cellular uptake efficiency, poor affinity, and limited tissue penetration of conventional imaging agents. Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDN) have emerged as a groundbreaking platform to overcome these barriers, offering robust signal transduction and efficient delivery of targeted probes due to their inherent programmability, superior biostability, and powerful cell membrane permeability. This review first analyzes how TDN optimize classical sensing strategies (electrochemical, optical, electrochemiluminescence) for accurate in vitro quantification. We then explore the evolution toward TDN-empowered logic computing and multidimensional sensing, enabling intelligent molecular decision-making. Subsequently, we elucidate the translation of these principles into TDN-mediated cross-biological barrier responses for <em>in vivo</em> visualization, detailing the imaging progression to systemic localization and dynamic functional programming for biosystem regulation. Finally, we provide a forward-looking perspective on the translational pathway of these complex systems from proof-of-concept studies to preclinical and clinical realization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 115434"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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