Materials & Design最新文献_第4页

Thermophysical modeling of niobium alloys informs materials selection and design for high-temperature applications 铌合金的热物理模型为高温应用的材料选择和设计提供信息

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113456

L.S. Bowling , A.T. Wang , N.R. Philips , W.T. Riffe , D.E. Matejczyk , J.M. Skelton , P.E. Hopkins , J.M. Fitz-Gerald , S.R. Agnew

There is renewed interest in refractory alloys that possess higher service temperatures than incumbent Ni-based superalloys (⪆1100 °C). Thermophysical property data for six Nb-alloys are gathered from the literature and reviewed, and new data are provided for two Hf-containing Nb-alloys; elastic modulus, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity are presented for C103, and new thermal conductivity data are provided for a higher strength alloy, WC-3009. Comparisons with Ni-superalloys and other refractory-metal based alloys provide context. Physics-based models are provided that describe the temperature dependencies of the Young’s modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion and density, and thermal conductivity; such that fair comparisons can be made across alloys for any given condition. The results suggest a need for improved understanding of the temperature dependence of the elastic modulus. A performance index is introduced for making informed materials selection decisions in the context of lightweight, panel-shaped applications subjected to sharp thermal transients or steep thermal gradients, and the significant strain rate sensitivity of Nb-alloys is highlighted. Ultimately, the relative value of current commercial alloy, C103, as well as the promise of specific Nb-W-Zr alloys are highlighted.

与现有的镍基超级合金（⪆1100 °C）相比，耐火合金具有更高的使用温度，因而再次引起了人们的兴趣。我们从文献中收集并审查了六种铌合金的热物理性能数据，并提供了两种含铪铌合金的新数据；介绍了 C103 的弹性模量、热膨胀率、热导率和热容量，并提供了一种强度更高的合金 WC-3009 的新热导率数据。与镍超合金和其他难熔金属基合金的比较提供了相关背景。研究提供了基于物理学的模型，描述了杨氏模量、热膨胀系数和密度以及热导率的温度依赖性，从而可以对任何给定条件下的合金进行公平的比较。结果表明，需要进一步了解弹性模量的温度依赖性。研究引入了一个性能指标，用于在轻质板状应用中做出明智的材料选择决策，这些应用会受到急剧的热瞬变或陡峭的热梯度影响，研究还强调了铌合金对应变速率的显著敏感性。最后，强调了当前商用合金 C103 的相对价值以及特定 Nb-W-Zr 合金的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring nanotwinned Cu interlayers for localizing anisotropic plastic deformation during low energy input ultrasonic welding of robust Cu-Cu joints 在低能量输入超声波焊接坚固的铜-铜接头过程中，定制纳米细化铜夹层以实现各向异性塑性变形的局部化

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113459

Jingyuan Ma , Xiaole Fan , Fengyi Wang , Qiuchen Ma , Hongjun Ji

Ultrasonic welding, known for its severe plastic deformation, faces the challenge of balancing sufficient deformation at the welding interface with minimizing damage to the substrate. This study utilizes the anisotropic deformation mechanisms and mechanical properties of nanotwinned Cu (nt-Cu). Specifically, Cu coatings featuring nanotwin layers aligned parallel to the ultrasonic vibration direction were employed as interlayers in ultrasonic welding of Cu-Cu joints. The effects of the nt-Cu interlayer on the welding quality and the deformation mechanisms under the various welding pressures are investigated. Experimental and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that at low welding pressures, the nt-Cu interlayer undergoes deformation and detwinning primarily through twin boundary migration. This mechanism effectively mitigates work hardening during the welding process, localizes deformation at the welding interface, and significantly enhances the strengths of the Cu-Cu joints. The maximum enhancement proportion occurs at a welding pressure of 8 psi, up to 26.75% compared to conventional coarse-grained copper. As the welding pressure increases, the strengthening effect gradually weakens. The deformation mechanism of nt-Cu transitions to dislocation transverse and threading. The interaction between dislocations and twin boundaries forms incoherent twin boundaries and 9R phases, resulting in work hardening of the interfacial regions and reduction of the strengthening effect.

超声波焊接以其严重的塑性变形而闻名，它面临的挑战是如何平衡焊接界面的充分变形与对基体的最小损伤。本研究利用了纳米孪晶铜（nt-Cu）的各向异性变形机制和机械性能。具体来说，在铜-铜接头的超声波焊接中，采用了与超声波振动方向平行的纳米孪晶层作为夹层。研究了 nt-Cu 夹层在不同焊接压力下对焊接质量和变形机制的影响。实验和分子动力学模拟证明，在低焊接压力下，nt-Cu 中间膜主要通过孪晶边界迁移发生变形和脱落。这种机制有效地减轻了焊接过程中的加工硬化，使变形集中在焊接界面，并显著提高了铜-铜接头的强度。最大的增强比例出现在焊接压力为 8 psi 时，与传统的粗粒铜相比，增强比例高达 26.75%。随着焊接压力的增加，强化效果逐渐减弱。nt-Cu 的变形机制过渡到位错横向和螺纹化。位错和孪晶边界之间的相互作用形成了不连贯的孪晶边界和 9R 相，导致界面区域加工硬化，强化效果减弱。

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引用次数: 0

Study on mechanical degradation of Ferrite/ martensite and austenitic steels in high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide environment 高温超临界二氧化碳环境下铁素体/马氏体和奥氏体钢的机械降解研究

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113455

Gen Zhang , Yan-Ping Huang , Tao Yang , Yong-Fu Zhao , Min-yun Liu , Wei-Wei Liu , Hong Yang , Yao-Lin Zhao , Shao-Wei Nie

The mechanical degradation mechanism of T91 ferrite/martensite steel at 500 °C and 316NG austenitic steel at both 500 °C and 600 °C in supercritical carbon dioxide were investigated in detail by slow strain rate tensile tests and first-principles calculations of the adsorption and dissociation of CO₂. In high-temperature CO₂ atmosphere, CO₂ could spontaneously dissociate into CO and O, and the spontaneously and partially dissociated O atoms exhibited a strong interaction with Cr. As the temperature was increased to 600 °C, the partial dissociation of CO₂ occurred more rapidly and the ultimate tensile strength and total elongation of 316NG steel decreased significantly as well. Furthermore, a composite failure mode with intergranular brittle fracture and ductile fracture was investigated.

通过慢应变速率拉伸试验和二氧化碳吸附与解离的第一性原理计算，详细研究了 T91 铁素体/马氏体钢在 500 ℃ 和 316NG 奥氏体钢在 500 ℃ 和 600 ℃ 超临界二氧化碳中的机械降解机理。在高温 CO2 大气中，CO2 可自发解离为 CO 和 O，自发解离和部分解离的 O 原子与 Cr 具有很强的相互作用。当温度升高到 600 ℃ 时，CO2 的部分离解发生得更快，316NG 钢的极限抗拉强度和总伸长率也显著下降。此外，还研究了晶间脆性断裂和韧性断裂的复合失效模式。

引用次数: 0

Low hysteresis in composites ceramics achieved by building polarization field and restoring force 通过建立极化场和恢复力实现复合陶瓷的低滞后性

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113458

Fangfang Zeng , Zhaokai Yao , Qiansi Zhang , Peng Peng , Xi Feng , Rongchuan He , Rongshan Zhou , Huitao Guo , Quan Xie , Guifen Fan , Qingquan Xiao , Li Zhang , Jia Liu

Large strain hysteresis and remnant strain are one of the vital reasons for the absence of BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃-based ceramics in commercial actuator fields. Here, we elaborately propose a strategy, preparing 0–3 type composite ceramics, to reduce the hysteresis and remnant strain, and the target is successfully achieved by building restoring force and polarization field. Normal strain constant and electric field-induced strain in 0–3 composites have enhanced by 260% and 196% compared to those of non-composite ceramics, respectively. Also, hysteresis and remnant strain in 0–3 composites have decreased by 35.9% and 50.6% in contrast to those of non-composites. Superior electrostrain properties under the low electric field are attributed to the construction of polarization field, restoring force, and micro-capacitance, coinciding with phase field simulation, and the strategy will pave a useful way to optimize the hysteresis and remnant strain in BiFeO₃-BaTiO₃-based high-temperature ceramics.

大应变滞后和残余应变是 BiFeO3-BaTiO3 基陶瓷在商业致动器领域缺乏应用的重要原因之一。在此，我们精心提出了一种制备 0-3 型复合陶瓷的策略，以减少滞后和残余应变，并通过建立恢复力和极化场成功实现了这一目标。与非复合陶瓷相比，0-3 复合材料的法向应变常数和电场诱导应变分别提高了 260% 和 196%。此外，与非复合材料相比，0-3 复合材料的滞后应变和残余应变分别减少了 35.9% 和 50.6%。低电场下优异的电应变特性归功于极化场、恢复力和微电容的构建，与相场模拟相吻合，该策略将为优化基于 BiFeO3-BaTiO3 的高温陶瓷的磁滞和残余应变铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Design of transition metal carbide/nitride superlattices with bilayer period-dependent mechanical and thermal properties 设计具有双层周期机械和热特性的过渡金属碳化物/氮化物超晶格

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113432

Barbara Schmid , Thomas Schöngruber , Tomasz Wojcik , Bálint Hajas , Eleni Ntemou , Daniel Primetzhofer , Bernhard Fickl , Sarah Christine Bermanschläger , Szilard Kolozsvari , Nikola Koutná , Paul Heinz Mayrhofer

Transition metal carbides are valued for high hardness, thermal and mechanical stability, but fall short in fracture toughness. Contrarily, their less hard transition metal nitride counterparts offer more favorable fracture characteristics. Here, we use magnetron-sputtering to synthesize nitrides and carbides—TiC/TaN, TiN/TaC—in a nanolaminate superlattice (SL) architecture and compare their properties (hardness, fracture toughness, thermal stability) with that of their layer materials, as well as of carbide SLs, TiC/TaC. Except for the monolithically grown TaN and TiC/TaN SLs with nominal bilayer periods above 14 nm, all other coatings are purely fcc-structured and feature close-to-stoichiometric compositions, revealed by EBS-ERDA and XRF measurements. In-situ X-ray diffraction investigations indicate that the monolithically grown coatings have poor thermal stability compared to the SLs, which remain stable up until well over 1000-°C. While the TiC/TaC superlattices retain the highest hardness of all three systems, with 44.1 ± 3.4 GPa at a bilayer period (Λ) of 2 nm, the TiN/TaC system exhibits significantly higher fracture toughness values with up to 4.75 ± 0.33 MPa√m for the Λ = 14 nm coating. The TiC/TaN system exhibits neither hardness nor fracture toughness enhancement, as explained by the formation of a secondary hexagonal Ta₂N phase.

过渡金属碳化物具有高硬度、热稳定性和机械稳定性，但断裂韧性较差。相反，硬度较低的过渡金属氮化物则具有更有利的断裂特性。在这里，我们使用磁控溅射技术合成了纳米层状超晶格（SL）结构的氮化物和碳化物--TiC/TaN、TiN/TaC，并将它们的特性（硬度、断裂韧性、热稳定性）与它们的层状材料以及碳化物SL--TiC/TaC进行了比较。通过 EBS-ERDA 和 XRF 测量发现，除了单片生长的 TaN 和 TiC/TaN SL 的标称双层周期超过 14 nm 之外，所有其他涂层都是纯 fcc 结构，其成分接近原子序数。原位 X 射线衍射研究表明，与 SL 相比，单片生长涂层的热稳定性较差，而 SL 的热稳定性一直保持到 1000°C 以上。在所有三种体系中，TiC/TaC 超晶格的硬度最高，在双层周期 (Λ)为 2 nm 时为 44.1 ± 3.4 GPa，而 TiN/TaC 体系的断裂韧性值明显更高，在Λ = 14 nm 涂层中高达 4.75 ± 0.33 MPa√m。TiC/TaN体系既没有提高硬度，也没有提高断裂韧性，原因是形成了次生六方Ta2N相。

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引用次数: 0

Synergy enhancement in low-frequency sound absorption by a nanofibre coating for the microperforated panels 用纳米纤维涂层增强微穿孔板的低频吸音效果

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113460

Jingze Liu , R. Hugh Gong , Enza Migliore

The sound absorption coefficient of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) composite nanofibre-coated micro-perforated plate (MPP) is investigated. The MPP material is steel and is laser-drilled. The nanofibres are fabricated by electrospinning and directly coated onto the steel MPP collector. This makes it possible to attach extremely thin coatings of nanofibres. The sound absorption coefficient was measured using the impedance tube method. The results show that MPP absorbers with nanofibre coatings significantly widen the absorption bandwidth and increase the absorption coefficient. Because of the synergy enhancement effect, the performance of the absorber is much exceed the expect of the transfer matrix method (TMM) model. A very thin coating of nanofibres enables a significant increase in MPP performance. The effects of the nanofibre coatings were analyzed by finite element method (FEM) simulations. The coating enhances the end effect of MPP and extends along the MPP surface. In addition, different nanofibre coating thickness and impedance also have different effects on the sound absorption performance. This study provides a new method to enhance the performance of MPP with negligible increase in thickness and costs.

研究了聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）和碳纳米管（CNT）复合纳米纤维涂层微穿孔板（MPP）的吸声系数。MPP 的材料是钢，并经过激光钻孔。纳米纤维通过电纺丝制成，并直接涂覆在钢质 MPP 集电体上。这样就有可能附着极薄的纳米纤维涂层。使用阻抗管方法测量了吸声系数。结果表明，带有纳米纤维涂层的 MPP 吸声器能显著拓宽吸声带宽并提高吸声系数。由于协同增强效应，吸声器的性能大大超出了传递矩阵法（TMM）模型的预期。极薄的纳米纤维涂层可显著提高 MPP 性能。我们通过有限元法（FEM）模拟分析了纳米纤维涂层的效果。涂层增强了 MPP 的末端效应，并沿着 MPP 表面延伸。此外，不同的纳米纤维涂层厚度和阻抗对吸声性能也有不同的影响。这项研究提供了一种新方法，可在厚度和成本增加微乎其微的情况下提高 MPP 的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid fibre-reinforced cementitious composites with short polyethylene and continue carbon fibres: Influence of roving impregnation on tensile and cracking behaviour 短聚乙烯纤维和续碳纤维混合纤维增强水泥基复合材料：粗纱浸渍对拉伸和开裂行为的影响

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113465

Cesare Signorini, Ameer H. Ahmed, Marco Liebscher, Jitong Zhao, Thomas Köberle, Viktor Mechtcherine

Hybrid externally-bonded reinforcements are considered a viable technique for strengthening existing concrete structures. They combine high-performance impregnated textiles with matrices containing dispersed microfibres to foster the ductility and toughness of the composite system. In this paper, the mechanical performance of textile-reinforced strain-hardening cement-based composites (TR-SHCC) is investigated in detail. A novel high-performance inorganic binder based on limestone calcined clay cement (LC³) is reinforced with both polyethylene (PE) dispersed microfibres and carbon fibre (CF) textiles as continuous biaxial reinforcement. The CF yarns are impregnated by an automated process to improve the monolithic response under uniaxial tensile loading and to ensure high production consistency. Fully inorganic suspensions, i.e., geopolymer and cement-based, are being investigated, as they can provide superior thermal stability compared to traditional polymeric impregnating agents. Interphase adhesion is investigated by single-yarn pull-out tests, microscopy and µCT at various micro scales. On the one hand, the improved adhesion promoted by cement impregnation resulted in the finest and most diffuse crack pattern. Conversely, the strength of the overall composite is mainly governed by the tensile failure of the yarns, irrespective of the bond, and dispersed fibres consistently improve the post-cracking stage and the strength of the hybrid composites.

混合外部粘结加固技术被认为是加固现有混凝土结构的一种可行技术。它们将高性能浸渍纺织品与含有分散微纤维的基体相结合，以提高复合材料系统的延展性和韧性。本文详细研究了纺织品增强应变硬化水泥基复合材料（TR-SHCC）的机械性能。以石灰石煅烧粘土水泥（LC3）为基础的新型高性能无机粘结剂采用聚乙烯（PE）分散微纤维和碳纤维（CF）纺织品作为连续双轴增强材料。碳纤维纱线通过自动化工艺浸渍，以改善单轴拉伸载荷下的整体响应，并确保生产的高度一致性。与传统的聚合物浸渍剂相比，完全无机悬浮液（即土工聚合物和水泥基悬浮液）具有更高的热稳定性，因此正在对其进行研究。通过各种微尺度的单纱拉拔试验、显微镜和 µCT 研究了相间粘附性。一方面，水泥浸渍改善了粘附性，从而产生了最细微、最分散的裂纹。相反，整体复合材料的强度主要取决于纱线的拉伸失效，而与粘合力无关，分散纤维可持续改善开裂后阶段和混合复合材料的强度。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing α-tricalcium phosphate bone cement composite formulations: The critical role of bioactive glass particle size 优化α-磷酸三钙骨水泥复合配方：生物活性玻璃粒度的关键作用

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113463

Öznur Demir , Estere Oselska , Maris Bertins , Arturs Viksna , Aldo R. Boccaccini , Dagnija Loca

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been extensively utilized as bone grafting material due to their inherent osteoconductive properties, although they often lacked sufficient biological performance for effective bone healing at the defect site. Incorporating mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) into CPCs offers a solution by improving porosity, promoting degradation and increasing the available surface area. In the scope of this study, we integrated MBG into CPCs and assessed the impact of varying MBG particle sizes (<20 µm, <38 µm, <100 µm) on the setting characteristics, microstructure, mechanical strength, and preliminary cell response of CPCs. Investigations revealed that < 20 µm MBG particles significantly improved the setting characteristics and compressive strength of CPCs, while < 38 µm particles promoted degradation and ion release, facilitating apatite formation. MBG incorporation was found to promote microstructural homogeneity and facilitate apatite formation, with particle size directly affecting these outcomes. Biocompatibility assessments indicated no cytotoxic effects, supported by the favorable cellular responses (> 92 % viability compared to control group). These findings underscore the critical impact of MBG particle size on developing advanced CPCs for biomedical applications, guiding future design and optimization strategies.

磷酸钙水门汀（CPCs）因其固有的骨诱导特性而被广泛用作骨移植材料，但它们往往缺乏足够的生物性能，无法在缺损部位实现有效的骨愈合。在 CPC 中加入介孔生物活性玻璃 (MBG) 可以提高孔隙率、促进降解并增加可用表面积，从而提供一种解决方案。在这项研究中，我们将 MBG 纳入 CPC，并评估了不同 MBG 粒径（20 微米、38 微米和 100 微米）对 CPC 的凝固特性、微观结构、机械强度和初步细胞反应的影响。研究表明，20 微米的 MBG 颗粒能显著改善 CPC 的凝固特性和抗压强度，而 38 微米的颗粒则能促进降解和离子释放，有利于磷灰石的形成。研究发现，MBG 的加入可促进微结构的均匀性并促进磷灰石的形成，而颗粒大小会直接影响这些结果。生物相容性评估表明，这种材料没有细胞毒性，细胞反应良好（与对照组相比，细胞存活率为 92%）也证明了这一点。这些发现强调了 MBG 颗粒大小对开发用于生物医学应用的先进 CPC 的关键影响，为未来的设计和优化策略提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Clarifying the formation of equiaxed grains and microstructural refinement in the additive manufacturing of Ti-Cu 澄清钛铜增材制造中等轴晶粒的形成和微观结构的细化

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113440

Alec I. Saville , Adriana Eres-Castellanos , Andrew B. Kustas , Levi Van Bastian , Donald F. Susan , Dale E. Cillessen , Sven C. Vogel , Natalie A. Compton , Kester D. Clarke , Alain Karma , Amy J. Clarke

Controlling microstructural evolution in metallic additive manufacturing (AM) is difficult, especially in producing refined as-built grains instead of coarse, directional grains. Traditional solutions involve adding inoculants to AM feedstocks, but titanium (Ti) alloys cannot employ this approach without producing detrimental secondary phases. Ti-Cu (Ti-copper) alloys offer a solution through constitutional supercooling and/or solid state thermal cycling under AM conditions. This work analyzes a compositionally graded directed energy deposition (DED) Ti-Cu build, single-melt laser tracks, and dilatometric heat treatments to evaluate if, when, and by what mechanism(s) microstructural refinement occurs. Refinement by inoculation of unmelted powder particles was also considered. Constitutional supercooling produced no net microstructural refinement as any equiaxed dendrites which form are remelted with new deposition. This finding agreed with solidification modeling of powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) and DED builds. Solid state thermal cycling refined microstructures only during ex-situ dilatometric heat treatments, suggesting build parameter optimization is needed to achieve refinement in-situ. Accidental heterogeneous nucleation on unmelted Ti powder, originating from the different thermophysical properties of Ti and Cu, provided the most significant microstructural refinement. This work systematically assesses the microstructural refinement mechanisms of Ti-Cu in AM builds and offers insights into microstructural control in eutectoid alloys.

控制金属增材制造（AM）中的微观结构演变非常困难，尤其是在生产精细的坯料晶粒而不是粗糙的定向晶粒时。传统的解决方案是在增材制造原料中添加接种剂，但钛（Ti）合金采用这种方法不会产生有害的次生相。钛铜（Ti-Cu）合金通过在自动成型条件下进行受控过冷和/或固态热循环提供了一种解决方案。这项研究分析了成分分级的定向能沉积（DED）钛-铜构建、单熔体激光轨迹和稀释热处理，以评估是否、何时以及通过何种机制发生微结构细化。此外，还考虑了通过接种未熔化的粉末颗粒进行细化。由于形成的任何等轴枝晶都会随着新沉积物的重新熔化而重新熔化，因此制度过冷不会产生净微观结构细化。这一发现与粉末床熔融-激光束（PBF-LB）和 DED 构建的凝固模型一致。固态热循环仅在原位稀释热处理过程中细化微观结构，这表明需要优化构建参数以实现原位细化。由于钛和铜的热物理性质不同，未熔化钛粉末上的意外异质成核提供了最显著的微观结构细化。这项工作系统地评估了钛-铜在 AM 制备过程中的微观结构细化机制，为共晶合金的微观结构控制提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of novel defect multiplication impacting high power 4H-SiC devices 影响高功率 4H-SiC 器件的新型缺陷倍增机制

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113435

N.A. Mahadik , M. Dudley , B. Raghothamachar , Z. Chen , R.E. Stahlbush , M. Hinojosa , A. Lelis , W. Sung

Basal plane dislocations and stacking faults are critical defects influencing silicon carbide (SiC) based high power devices that are rapidly emerging to enable the future needs of electric vehicles, locomotives, renewables, and grid-scale applications. Microstructural properties of three novel interactions between basal plane dislocations and threading mixed dislocations (TMDs) are described. This leads to multiplication of Shockley stacking faults (SSFs) in SiC epitaxial layers. First is a mechanism of double interaction of two SSFs with TMDs that causes the SSFs to glide on multiple basal planes, and creation of locked partial dislocation dipoles (PDD) due to the attractive force between the opposite sign partial dislocations. Second type of interaction occurs between SSFs and a tilted TMD, that results in formation of another SSF. The third type of interaction causes further SSF multiplication by unlocking previously created PDDs. This occurs when the newly formed SSF intersects with the previously locked PDD, and unlocks it, leaving behind a freely gliding partial dislocation and formation of another SSF. Multiplication of SSFs can severely degrade reliability and performance of high power SiC devices by increasing reverse leakage current and on-state resistance, and could eventually lead to device failure.

基面位错和堆叠断层是影响基于碳化硅（SiC）的大功率器件的关键缺陷，这些器件正在迅速崛起，以满足未来电动汽车、机车、可再生能源和电网规模应用的需求。本文描述了基面位错和穿线混合位错（TMDs）之间三种新型相互作用的微观结构特性。这导致了碳化硅外延层中肖克利堆叠断层（SSF）的倍增。首先是两个 SSF 与 TMD 的双重相互作用机制，它导致 SSF 在多个基底面上滑行，并由于相反符号的部分位错之间的吸引力而产生锁定的部分位错偶极子（PDD）。第二种相互作用发生在 SSF 与倾斜的 TMD 之间，从而形成另一个 SSF。第三种相互作用是通过解锁先前形成的 PDD 来进一步增殖 SSF。当新形成的 SSF 与先前锁定的 PDD 相交并解除锁定时，就会留下自由滑动的部分位错并形成另一个 SSF。SSF 倍增会增加反向漏电流和导通电阻，从而严重降低大功率 SiC 器件的可靠性和性能，最终可能导致器件失效。

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引用次数: 0