Materials & Design最新文献_第10页

Porous polytrimethylenecarbonate scaffolds: Design considerations and porosity modulation techniques

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113588

Klaudia Małgorzata Jurczak , Ruichen Zhang , Wouter L.J. Hinrichs , Dirk W. Grijpma , Richte C.L. Schuurmann , Jean-Paul P.M. de Vries , Patrick van Rijn

Porous materials are vital for tissue engineering scaffolds as scaffolds with interconnected pores support functions like nutrient exchange and cell–cell communication. The degree of porosity and pore size distribution directly influences mechanical properties, affecting cell proliferation, migration, and tissue vascularization. Obtaining a balance between mechanical robustness and mass transport capabilities is crucial for any scaffold systems used in tissue engineering. Still, the optimal inclusion of porosity depends on many factors and can be complex and vary greatly between systems. Here we focus on the design principles of porosity in the biodegradable polymer poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) by comparing three fabrication methods: salt leaching, freeze drying, and freeze extraction. Various parameters, such as solvent type, salt type, polymer-salt ratio, polymer concentration, freezing temperature, and water content, were investigated during PTMC film preparation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and JMicroVision software were employed to analyze film morphology and porosity. The study revealed that the porosity modulation technique significantly impacted the final porosity of PTMC, with variations observed between the top and bottom sides of the film. The project successfully identified an optimal method for inducing porosity in PTMC films, offering potential applications in tissue engineering for regenerative purposes.

{"title":"Porous polytrimethylenecarbonate scaffolds: Design considerations and porosity modulation techniques","authors":"Klaudia Małgorzata Jurczak , Ruichen Zhang , Wouter L.J. Hinrichs , Dirk W. Grijpma , Richte C.L. Schuurmann , Jean-Paul P.M. de Vries , Patrick van Rijn","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous materials are vital for tissue engineering scaffolds as scaffolds with interconnected pores support functions like nutrient exchange and cell–cell communication. The degree of porosity and pore size distribution directly influences mechanical properties, affecting cell proliferation, migration, and tissue vascularization. Obtaining a balance between mechanical robustness and mass transport capabilities is crucial for any scaffold systems used in tissue engineering. Still, the optimal inclusion of porosity depends on many factors and can be complex and vary greatly between systems. Here we focus on the design principles of porosity in the biodegradable polymer poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) by comparing three fabrication methods: salt leaching, freeze drying, and freeze extraction. Various parameters, such as solvent type, salt type, polymer-salt ratio, polymer concentration, freezing temperature, and water content, were investigated during PTMC film preparation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and JMicroVision software were employed to analyze film morphology and porosity. The study revealed that the porosity modulation technique significantly impacted the final porosity of PTMC, with variations observed between the top and bottom sides of the film. The project successfully identified an optimal method for inducing porosity in PTMC films, offering potential applications in tissue engineering for regenerative purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 113588"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward super-clean bearing steel by a novel physical-data integrated design strategy

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113629

Jian Guan , Guolei Liu , Wenguang Hu , Hongwei Liu , Paixian Fu , Yanfei Cao , Dong-Rong Liu , Dianzhong Li

The cleanliness of fabricated ingots is crucial for the quality and properties of bearing steel. To address this issue, a physical-data integrated design strategy was developed to optimize vacuum arc remelting (VAR) parameters, combining numerical simulation, machine learning (ML), and experimental validation. Initially, a multi-phase, multi-physics coupled model was developed to predict the movement and distribution of inclusions during the VAR process. Furthermore, five ML algorithms were utilized to predict the cleanliness assessment score (CAS) based on inclusion size and distribution data from various VAR processing parameters, with gradient boosting regression (GBR) showing the best performance. Finally, a systematic framework based on a genetic algorithm was proposed to select the optimal combination of CAS. Here, the ML-optimized processing parameters comprised current of 4255 A, helium pressure of 0.69 kPa, and melting rate of 2.5 kg/min. Intriguingly, the number density of small inclusions at the center of the ingot decreased by 58.2 % and that of large inclusions reduced by 13.3 %. This was mainly caused by the appropriate maximum flow velocity of 2.6–2.8 cm/s during the steady-state stage of the molten pool. This study highlights a common and novel method for fabricating bearing steel with other superalloys via a physical-data integrated strategy.

{"title":"Toward super-clean bearing steel by a novel physical-data integrated design strategy","authors":"Jian Guan , Guolei Liu , Wenguang Hu , Hongwei Liu , Paixian Fu , Yanfei Cao , Dong-Rong Liu , Dianzhong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cleanliness of fabricated ingots is crucial for the quality and properties of bearing steel. To address this issue, a physical-data integrated design strategy was developed to optimize vacuum arc remelting (VAR) parameters, combining numerical simulation, machine learning (ML), and experimental validation. Initially, a multi-phase, multi-physics coupled model was developed to predict the movement and distribution of inclusions during the VAR process. Furthermore, five ML algorithms were utilized to predict the cleanliness assessment score (CAS) based on inclusion size and distribution data from various VAR processing parameters, with gradient boosting regression (GBR) showing the best performance. Finally, a systematic framework based on a genetic algorithm was proposed to select the optimal combination of CAS. Here, the ML-optimized processing parameters comprised current of 4255 A, helium pressure of 0.69 kPa, and melting rate of 2.5 kg/min. Intriguingly, the number density of small inclusions at the center of the ingot decreased by 58.2 % and that of large inclusions reduced by 13.3 %. This was mainly caused by the appropriate maximum flow velocity of 2.6–2.8 cm/s during the steady-state stage of the molten pool. This study highlights a common and novel method for fabricating bearing steel with other superalloys via a physical-data integrated strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 113629"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The structural regulation of H-bonding network in the chemically-bonded polyimide/silica nanocomposite with excellent mechanical stability and improved moisture resistance

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113612

Hao Wang , Ziqiao Wang , Naihang Kuang , Yujiu Yang , Chunhua Zhang

Polymer-based nanocomposites, being widely concerned for lightweight and high-strength functional materials, still exhibit irreversible failures to resist mechanical damage and water erosion. In this paper, a kind of hydroxyl-rich silica nanomaterial was prepared and used for fabricating the chemically-bonded polyimide (PI)/hydroxyl-rich silica (SiO₂-OH) nanocomposite through the surface-initiated curing and the coupling reaction, which then regulate the H-bonding network within the PI matrix. As a result, the prepared nanocomposite performed excellent thermal stability (T_g reaches 442.5℃) and improved mechanical properties. The improved nano-construction incorporates the film with the rebuilt H-bonding network to improve the moisture resistance of the PI matrix. This work, focusing on the constitution of chemically-bonded silicon-containing nanocomposite structure, will promote an in-depth understanding of the relationship between structure and properties of polymer film materials, being beneficial for the development of modern polymer-based materials of long-term service life.

{"title":"The structural regulation of H-bonding network in the chemically-bonded polyimide/silica nanocomposite with excellent mechanical stability and improved moisture resistance","authors":"Hao Wang , Ziqiao Wang , Naihang Kuang , Yujiu Yang , Chunhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer-based nanocomposites, being widely concerned for lightweight and high-strength functional materials, still exhibit irreversible failures to resist mechanical damage and water erosion. In this paper, a kind of hydroxyl-rich silica nanomaterial was prepared and used for fabricating the chemically-bonded polyimide (PI)/hydroxyl-rich silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>-OH) nanocomposite through the surface-initiated curing and the coupling reaction, which then regulate the H-bonding network within the PI matrix. As a result, the prepared nanocomposite performed excellent thermal stability (<em>T</em><sub>g</sub> reaches 442.5℃) and improved mechanical properties. The improved nano-construction incorporates the film with the rebuilt H-bonding network to improve the moisture resistance of the PI matrix. This work, focusing on the constitution of chemically-bonded silicon-containing nanocomposite structure, will promote an in-depth understanding of the relationship between structure and properties of polymer film materials, being beneficial for the development of modern polymer-based materials of long-term service life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 113612"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the effect of stress on vacancy diffusion isotropy at high temperature in Ni-Re Systems: Insights from atomic simulations

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113605

Shichao Du , Siyuan Lin , Wenyue Zhao , Yi Ru , Yanling Pei , Shusuo Li , Shengkai Gong

Stress-affected vacancy diffusion significantly impacts the element distributions in Ni-based single-crystal (SX) superalloys, determining their precipitate coarsening and creep behaviors under service conditions consequently. Rhenium (Re), as a slow-diffusing element, exhibits nonnegligible effects on the vacancy diffusion behavior varied with its atomic concentration and position particularly. In this work, we comprehensively study the vacancy diffusion behavior in Ni-Re alloys at 1173 ∼ 1573 K under stress along [001] and [111], by using the Self-Evolving Atomistic Kinetic Monte Carlo (SEAKMC) method with interatomic potentials. The simulation results reveal that vacancy diffusion is isotropic under stress-free states. However, applying stress along [001] and [111] leads to vacancy diffusion anisotropy. External stress applied along [111] has a smaller effect on the lattice parameter than stress along [0 0 1]. This results in less change in vacancy migration distances, leading to smaller changes in chemical bonding. Consequently, the alternation in vacancy migration barriers is less significant. This ultimately results in less disruption to the vacancy diffusion isotropy. In Ni-Re systems under external stress, temperature affects the probability of the vacancy overcoming high migration barriers while the addition of Re affects solute–vacancy binding. Typically, higher temperatures and increased Re concentrations further decrease the extent of vacancy diffusion anisotropy.

{"title":"Unveiling the effect of stress on vacancy diffusion isotropy at high temperature in Ni-Re Systems: Insights from atomic simulations","authors":"Shichao Du , Siyuan Lin , Wenyue Zhao , Yi Ru , Yanling Pei , Shusuo Li , Shengkai Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress-affected vacancy diffusion significantly impacts the element distributions in Ni-based single-crystal (SX) superalloys, determining their precipitate coarsening and creep behaviors under service conditions consequently. Rhenium (Re), as a slow-diffusing element, exhibits nonnegligible effects on the vacancy diffusion behavior varied with its atomic concentration and position particularly. In this work, we comprehensively study the vacancy diffusion behavior in Ni-Re alloys at 1173 ∼ 1573 K under stress along [001] and [111], by using the Self-Evolving Atomistic Kinetic Monte Carlo (SEAKMC) method with interatomic potentials. The simulation results reveal that vacancy diffusion is isotropic under stress-free states. However, applying stress along [001] and [111] leads to vacancy diffusion anisotropy. External stress applied along [111] has a smaller effect on the lattice parameter than stress along [001]. This results in less change in vacancy migration distances, leading to smaller changes in chemical bonding. Consequently, the alternation in vacancy migration barriers is less significant. This ultimately results in less disruption to the vacancy diffusion isotropy. In Ni-Re systems under external stress, temperature affects the probability of the vacancy overcoming high migration barriers while the addition of Re affects solute–vacancy binding. Typically, higher temperatures and increased Re concentrations further decrease the extent of vacancy diffusion anisotropy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 113605"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconfigurable soft pneumatic actuators with metamaterial reinforcements: Tunable stiffness and deformation modes

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113649

Oscar Ochoa , Enrico Méndez , Rogelio Perez-Santiago , Enrique Cuan-Urquizo , X. Yamile Sandoval-Castro , Alejandro González

Soft pneumatic actuators are ideal for interacting with fragile objects, food, and humans due to their inherent compliance. Modulating stiffness and deformation is crucial for adapting to diverse applications. However, achieving non-uniform stiffness and deformation remains challenging, as most methods provide only uniform stiffness or limited deformation modes. This study proposes embedding metamaterial beams within the inextensible layer of soft pneumatic actuators to enable both uniform and variable stiffness and deformation control. Beams with hexagonal, reentrant, and rectangular honeycomb topologies were investigated across three relative densities. Experiments revealed up to 26.6% stiffness and 43% curvature shifts, by changing the employed reinforcements, validated with finite element models. A kinematic model incorporating a multi-curvature approach effectively approximated the bending behavior of actuators with segmented meta-reinforcements. The actuators demonstrated the ability to grasp objects weighing over 11.9 times their weight with a two-actuator gripper and to apply forces of up to 2.25 N individually. Additionally, varied reinforcements enabled non-bending deformations, further expanding the actuators' functionality. The actuators were evaluated in fruit-handling scenarios, demonstrating their ability to manipulate objects of varying sizes and weights. This work underscores the potential of metamaterials in soft robotics, enabling tailored mechanical properties and expanded functionality for complex applications.

{"title":"Reconfigurable soft pneumatic actuators with metamaterial reinforcements: Tunable stiffness and deformation modes","authors":"Oscar Ochoa , Enrico Méndez , Rogelio Perez-Santiago , Enrique Cuan-Urquizo , X. Yamile Sandoval-Castro , Alejandro González","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft pneumatic actuators are ideal for interacting with fragile objects, food, and humans due to their inherent compliance. Modulating stiffness and deformation is crucial for adapting to diverse applications. However, achieving non-uniform stiffness and deformation remains challenging, as most methods provide only uniform stiffness or limited deformation modes. This study proposes embedding metamaterial beams within the inextensible layer of soft pneumatic actuators to enable both uniform and variable stiffness and deformation control. Beams with hexagonal, reentrant, and rectangular honeycomb topologies were investigated across three relative densities. Experiments revealed up to 26.6% stiffness and 43% curvature shifts, by changing the employed reinforcements, validated with finite element models. A kinematic model incorporating a multi-curvature approach effectively approximated the bending behavior of actuators with segmented meta-reinforcements. The actuators demonstrated the ability to grasp objects weighing over 11.9 times their weight with a two-actuator gripper and to apply forces of up to 2.25 N individually. Additionally, varied reinforcements enabled non-bending deformations, further expanding the actuators' functionality. The actuators were evaluated in fruit-handling scenarios, demonstrating their ability to manipulate objects of varying sizes and weights. This work underscores the potential of metamaterials in soft robotics, enabling tailored mechanical properties and expanded functionality for complex applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 113649"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Creation of submicron-scale metal oxide speckle patterns on single carbon fibers by a thermodynamically and kinetically controlled nonequilibrium process

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113582

Mohammad El Loubani , Karan Shah , Habib Rostaghi Chalaki , Gene Yang , Subramani Sockalingam , Dongkyu Lee

Understanding the submicron scale deformation and failure mechanisms of fibers is essential for advancing carbon fiber-reinforced composites with superior strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios for various structural applications. Recent advances in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with digital image correlation (DIC) provide a powerful means to assess full-field deformations at submicron scales during in-situ mechanical loading. However, achieving precise and reliable measurements remains challenging due to the need for speckle patterns that are distinct, unique, non-periodic, and stable at the micro/nanoscale. To address these challenges, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is utilized to create submicron-scale speckle patterns of metal oxide Nb-doped SrTiO₃ on individual carbon fibers with a nominal diameter of 5.2 µm. The influence of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters on the speckle pattern formation is systematically investigated by precisely controlling the deposition temperature and background gas pressure. Adatom mobility and nucleation rates are identified as key factors influencing the quality of speckle patterns. Numerical experiments confirm the optimal PLD conditions for creating speckle patterns that are suitable for in-situ SEM-DIC analysis. This work introduces a novel strategy for creating high-quality metal oxide speckle patterns and provides valuable insights into the precise control of speckle patterns on carbon fibers.

{"title":"Creation of submicron-scale metal oxide speckle patterns on single carbon fibers by a thermodynamically and kinetically controlled nonequilibrium process","authors":"Mohammad El Loubani , Karan Shah , Habib Rostaghi Chalaki , Gene Yang , Subramani Sockalingam , Dongkyu Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the submicron scale deformation and failure mechanisms of fibers is essential for advancing carbon fiber-reinforced composites with superior strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios for various structural applications. Recent advances in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with digital image correlation (DIC) provide a powerful means to assess full-field deformations at submicron scales during in-situ mechanical loading. However, achieving precise and reliable measurements remains challenging due to the need for speckle patterns that are distinct, unique, non-periodic, and stable at the micro/nanoscale. To address these challenges, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is utilized to create submicron-scale speckle patterns of metal oxide Nb-doped SrTiO<sub>3</sub> on individual carbon fibers with a nominal diameter of 5.2 µm. The influence of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters on the speckle pattern formation is systematically investigated by precisely controlling the deposition temperature and background gas pressure. Adatom mobility and nucleation rates are identified as key factors influencing the quality of speckle patterns. Numerical experiments confirm the optimal PLD conditions for creating speckle patterns that are suitable for in-situ SEM-DIC analysis. This work introduces a novel strategy for creating high-quality metal oxide speckle patterns and provides valuable insights into the precise control of speckle patterns on carbon fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 113582"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling and measurements of thermally induced residual stress in IN718 nickel-based superalloy during non-uniform quenching

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113615

S. Rahimi , M. King , M. Amir Siddiq , B.P. Wynne

Residual stress induced during and as a result of manufacturing processes can have a significant impact on the later stages of manufacturing (e.g., machining), and in-service performance (e.g., resistance to fatigue) of a component. In this work, a novel approach is presented by combining FE based residual stress predictions with experimental verification at scales comparable to industrial components, which is rarely reported. Instrumented plates of IN718 nickel-based superalloys have been water-quenched and air-cooled from solution annealing temperature (980 °C) and the associated cooling curves were measured at specified locations. The cooling curves were used as boundary conditions for inverse calculation of zone-specific heat transfer coefficient (HTC), which is the main parameter to estimate the heat exchange rate between different regions of a heated part and its surrounding environment. The HTCs have then been implemented in an elastic–plastic finite-element model, which included temperature dependant thermo-mechanical properties to predict thermally induced residual stress fields during heterogeneous water/air quenching from. For the verification of the model, identical plates were heterogeneously quenched (half in water and half in air) from 980 °C, both vertically and horizontally, and residual stress was then measured in both plates using the contour method and incremental central hole drilling.

{"title":"Modelling and measurements of thermally induced residual stress in IN718 nickel-based superalloy during non-uniform quenching","authors":"S. Rahimi , M. King , M. Amir Siddiq , B.P. Wynne","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Residual stress induced during and as a result of manufacturing processes can have a significant impact on the later stages of manufacturing (e.g., machining), and in-service performance (e.g., resistance to fatigue) of a component. In this work, a novel approach is presented by combining FE based residual stress predictions with experimental verification at scales comparable to industrial components, which is rarely reported. Instrumented plates of IN718 nickel-based superalloys have been water-quenched and air-cooled from solution annealing temperature (980 °C) and the associated cooling curves were measured at specified locations. The cooling curves were used as boundary conditions for inverse calculation of zone-specific heat transfer coefficient (HTC), which is the main parameter to estimate the heat exchange rate between different regions of a heated part and its surrounding environment. The HTCs have then been implemented in an elastic–plastic finite-element model, which included temperature dependant thermo-mechanical properties to predict thermally induced residual stress fields during heterogeneous water/air quenching from. For the verification of the model, identical plates were heterogeneously quenched (half in water and half in air) from 980 °C, both vertically and horizontally, and residual stress was then measured in both plates using the contour method and incremental central hole drilling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 113615"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Excellent mechanical properties of a novel double-diagonal reinforced mechanical metamaterial with tunable Poisson’s ratios inspired by deep-sea glass sponges

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113628

Hongbo Zhang , Yuan Li , Zhiqian Lin , Zhen Zhang , Dayong Hu , Zhenyu Yang

In the realm of mechanical metamaterials, those exhibiting high strength and tunable properties were pivotal for advancing smart functionality applications. Inspired by the robust structure of deep-sea glass sponges, the double-diagonal reinforced metamaterial had been recognized for its exceptional mechanical properties. Here, this approach was refined by addressing a previously overlooked aspect, the thickness ratio of diagonal to square struts, and introduced a novel mechanical metamaterial. This innovation enabled the metamaterial to exhibit three distinct deformation patterns, facilitating a transition between negative, zero, and positive Poisson’s ratios, thereby achieving both high strength and sign-switchable Poisson’s ratio characteristics. Through a combination of experimental and numerical analyses, the regulatory mechanism was unraveled by which diagonal reinforcement influenced the metamaterial’s deformation behavior, energy absorption capacity, and Poisson’s ratio, culminating in the development of a programmable mechanical metamaterial. Theoretical investigations were conducted for both the elastic and plastic behaviors of the metamaterial, thoroughly examining the effects of geometric parameters on its mechanical performance. Moreover, compared with traditional diagonal-reinforced metamaterials, this design strategy demonstrated superior mechanical advantages. This comprehensive analysis not only highlighted the functional attributes of the bionic sponge metamaterial but also provided deeper insights into the mechanical mechanisms underlying diagonal reinforcement in metamaterials.

{"title":"Excellent mechanical properties of a novel double-diagonal reinforced mechanical metamaterial with tunable Poisson’s ratios inspired by deep-sea glass sponges","authors":"Hongbo Zhang , Yuan Li , Zhiqian Lin , Zhen Zhang , Dayong Hu , Zhenyu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the realm of mechanical metamaterials, those exhibiting high strength and tunable properties were pivotal for advancing smart functionality applications. Inspired by the robust structure of deep-sea glass sponges, the double-diagonal reinforced metamaterial had been recognized for its exceptional mechanical properties. Here, this approach was refined by addressing a previously overlooked aspect, the thickness ratio of diagonal to square struts, and introduced a novel mechanical metamaterial. This innovation enabled the metamaterial to exhibit three distinct deformation patterns, facilitating a transition between negative, zero, and positive Poisson’s ratios, thereby achieving both high strength and sign-switchable Poisson’s ratio characteristics. Through a combination of experimental and numerical analyses, the regulatory mechanism was unraveled by which diagonal reinforcement influenced the metamaterial’s deformation behavior, energy absorption capacity, and Poisson’s ratio, culminating in the development of a programmable mechanical metamaterial. Theoretical investigations were conducted for both the elastic and plastic behaviors of the metamaterial, thoroughly examining the effects of geometric parameters on its mechanical performance. Moreover, compared with traditional diagonal-reinforced metamaterials, this design strategy demonstrated superior mechanical advantages. This comprehensive analysis not only highlighted the functional attributes of the bionic sponge metamaterial but also provided deeper insights into the mechanical mechanisms underlying diagonal reinforcement in metamaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 113628"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Additively manufactured stochastic and gyroid scaffold design towards osseointegration and bone regeneration in a rabbit femur model

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113604

Susheem Kanwar , Oraib Al-Ketan , Gopinathan Janarthanan , Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman

The design of scaffolds has evolved overtime from simple geometries such as non-porous structures to more advanced lattice-based structures such as triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS). This evolution brought along better response to implants in terms of compatibility and promotion of cell ingrowth. The use of novel designs like stochastic designs, impart the user with the ability to locally control the porosity of the scaffold and thus fine tune its functional and structural properties like stiffness and porosity gradient. Stochastic structures with locally controlled porosity better replicate the microstructural complexity of natural tissues. In this paper, the versatility of the stochastic scaffold design approach was tested by mimicking the porosity gradient of a bone in all three axes (labelled as uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial) and successfully printing them using multiple different 3D printing processes. These designs were then tested for cell viability in vitro and since all functionally graded scaffolds along with the relatively simpler uniform porosity design displayed positive results, the stochastic scaffold with uniform porosity was selected for in vivo studies involving a rabbit femur model along with a solid cylinder and gyroid TPMS structure as controls. The titanium alloy samples used for in vivo testing were evaluated for their mechanical properties which were in the range of the native trabecular bone and supported statistically significant cell growth. The scaffolds elicited minimal immune responses in vivo on implantation in rabbits and effectively supported bone growth and integration without significant adverse effects. While the performance differences between porous designs were minimal, the stochastic scaffolds demonstrated slightly superior scores and staining results compared to gyroid scaffolds.

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引用次数: 0

Effect of temperature variation and strain rate on the mechanical properties of multi-material lattice structures

IF 7.6 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials & Design

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113596

Parham Mostofizadeh, Robert A. Dorey, Iman Mohagheghian

Multi-material additive manufacturing has emerged as a promising avenue for the creation of innovative metamaterials including multi-material lattices with unique characteristics. This paper presents the examination of the impacts of varying loading rate and temperature on the mechanical properties of such lattice structures. The primary objective is to enhance understanding of how manipulating materials’ configurations within multi-material lattices (by employing materials with different strain rate and temperature sensitivities) affects overall mechanical characteristics. The multi-material design was found to provide a broader and more tunable range of properties, e.g. peak stress increase of over 80 % with changing strain rate from 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻² s⁻¹ in comparison to a 30 % increase for the single-material design and a 96 % drop in peak stress, compared to an 84 % decrease for the single-material design when changing temperature from 27 °C to 50 °C. Results indicate that through multi-material design, post-elastic deformation can be finely tuned for specific application requirements, whether necessitating high stiffness or high energy absorption. Moreover, it is observed that the global strain rate sensitivity of the multi-material lattice is influenced not only by the intrinsic sensitivity of constituent materials but also by the changes in local stress and strain distribution as the rate increases.

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引用次数: 0