Pub Date : 2024-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113392
Bo Gao , Rui Wang , Min Zhang , Guhui Gao , Yanguang Cao , Zhaodong Li , Zhunli Tan
Carbide-free bainitic (CFB) steels have drawn much attention due to their high strength and toughness. The present work aims to build machine learning (ML) based surrogate models to predict retained austenite (RA) content and yield strength (YS) of isothermal transformed CFB steels and study the sliding wear performance. The input data for ML prediction were related to compositions, heat treatment process, and phases. The Random Forest regression and Gaussian process regression were respectively selected to build the predictive models for RA content and YS. Result shows that the predicted RA content agrees well with the experimentally determined ones in steel with high stability of untransformed austenite. For YS prediction, the present surrogate model can predict YS of CFB steels even without additional microstructural information such as dislocation and effective substructure size. Steels with different YS and RA content were designed to study the sliding wear performance. Result shows that the dominant wear mechanism of the tested steels is abrasive wear and the weight loss is inversely proportional to hardness when the load and wear distance are constant. Increasing YS and RA content can increase the initial hardness and work hardening ability at the worn surface, thereby enhancing wear resistance.
无碳化物贝氏体（CFB）钢因其高强度和韧性而备受关注。本研究旨在建立基于机器学习（ML）的代用模型，以预测等温转变 CFB 钢的残余奥氏体（RA）含量和屈服强度（YS），并研究其滑动磨损性能。用于 ML 预测的输入数据与成分、热处理工艺和相位有关。分别选择随机森林回归和高斯过程回归建立 RA 含量和 YS 的预测模型。结果表明，在未转变奥氏体稳定性较高的钢中，预测的 RA 含量与实验测定的 RA 含量非常吻合。在 YS 预测方面，即使没有额外的微观结构信息（如位错和有效子结构尺寸），本替代模型也能预测 CFB 钢的 YS。设计了不同 YS 和 RA 含量的钢材来研究滑动磨损性能。结果表明，测试钢材的主要磨损机制是磨料磨损，当载荷和磨损距离不变时，重量损失与硬度成反比。增加 YS 和 RA 的含量可提高初始硬度和磨损表面的加工硬化能力，从而增强耐磨性。
{"title":"Data-driven predictions of retained austenite content and yield strength and elucidation of the sliding wear performance of carbide-free bainitic steels","authors":"Bo Gao , Rui Wang , Min Zhang , Guhui Gao , Yanguang Cao , Zhaodong Li , Zhunli Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbide-free bainitic (CFB) steels have drawn much attention due to their high strength and toughness. The present work aims to build machine learning (ML) based surrogate models to predict retained austenite (RA) content and yield strength (YS) of isothermal transformed CFB steels and study the sliding wear performance. The input data for ML prediction were related to compositions, heat treatment process, and phases. The Random Forest regression and Gaussian process regression were respectively selected to build the predictive models for RA content and YS. Result shows that the predicted RA content agrees well with the experimentally determined ones in steel with high stability of untransformed austenite. For YS prediction, the present surrogate model can predict YS of CFB steels even without additional microstructural information such as dislocation and effective substructure size. Steels with different YS and RA content were designed to study the sliding wear performance. Result shows that the dominant wear mechanism of the tested steels is abrasive wear and the weight loss is inversely proportional to hardness when the load and wear distance are constant. Increasing YS and RA content can increase the initial hardness and work hardening ability at the worn surface, thereby enhancing wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113392"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomedical magnesium alloys (Mg) are often considered potential metallic materials for bone repair scaffolds due to their excellent biomechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, their rapid degradation behavior is insufficient to support the rapid growth and repair of living tissues. The new surface modification methods to slow down the degradation rate of Mg scaffolds and promote the rapid growth of living tissues is urgent. Here, we developed a chiral-enhanced composite functional coating on the surface of biomedical magnesium. Specifically, a chiral supramolecular hydrogel with graphene oxide (GO) was used to simulate the chiral environment of biological systems, enhancing the adsorption of osteogenic growth factors. Additionally, the silane layers cleverly crosslink traditional silane chains with supramolecular chiral fibers through a hydrogen bond network, which allows the bonding strength (critical loads) of the composite coating to be maintained between 245–275 mN and retains structural integrity when soaked in SBF for 7 days. It was found that both MC3T3-E1 cells growth and BMP-2 adhesion were significantly enhanced by GO-added left-handed chiral coatings, which exhibit superior bone growth-promoting effects. In summary, incorporating chiral features into functional coatings represents a transformative approach in the design and application of bone defect repair materials.
{"title":"A strategy for introducing biopotency-enhanced chirality coating on bio-magnesium","authors":"Yu Zhao , Wenjiang Huang , Delin Ma , Qichao Zhao , Xiaxin Qiu , Jinying Liu , Chuanliang Feng , Shaokang Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomedical magnesium alloys (Mg) are often considered potential metallic materials for bone repair scaffolds due to their excellent biomechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, their rapid degradation behavior is insufficient to support the rapid growth and repair of living tissues. The new surface modification methods to slow down the degradation rate of Mg scaffolds and promote the rapid growth of living tissues is urgent. Here, we developed a chiral-enhanced composite functional coating on the surface of biomedical magnesium. Specifically, a chiral supramolecular hydrogel with graphene oxide (GO) was used to simulate the chiral environment of biological systems, enhancing the adsorption of osteogenic growth factors. Additionally, the silane layers cleverly crosslink traditional silane chains with supramolecular chiral fibers through a hydrogen bond network, which allows the bonding strength (critical loads) of the composite coating to be maintained between 245–275 mN and retains structural integrity when soaked in SBF for 7 days. It was found that both MC3T3-E1 cells growth and BMP-2 adhesion were significantly enhanced by GO-added left-handed chiral coatings, which exhibit superior bone growth-promoting effects. In summary, incorporating chiral features into functional coatings represents a transformative approach in the design and application of bone defect repair materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113372"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113383
Huiling Wang , Dongsheng Qian , Feng Wang , Zhaohua Dong , Jiancheng Chen
The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of high-carbon steel are closely related to the microstructural characteristics. This work developed the artificial representative volume element (RVE) model to explore the effects of microstructural characteristics on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of high-carbon steel containing high-density carbides under uniaxial tension. A series of RVEs with different ferrite grain sizes, particle volume fractions, and particle sizes were generated based on the RSA algorithms. The mechanism-based plasticity model and the three uncoupled damage models were implemented into the RVE modeling. The model parameters were calibrated by the corresponding simulation between in-situ DIC and microstructure-based RVE simulation. The predicted mechanical properties and fracture strain from the RVE simulation were in good agreement with the experimental results. Simulated results from a series of RVEs quantified the effects of ferrite grain sizes, particle volume fractions, and particle sizes on strength, elongation, and damage evolution of high-carbon steel containing high-density carbides: strength increases with increasing particle volume fraction while elongation decreases, as well as excessively large or small grain and particle size were not favored to improve elongation. These results were attributed to the damage and internal stress partition.
{"title":"Predictive mechanical property and fracture behavior in high-carbon steel containing high-density carbides via artificial RVE modeling","authors":"Huiling Wang , Dongsheng Qian , Feng Wang , Zhaohua Dong , Jiancheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of high-carbon steel are closely related to the microstructural characteristics. This work developed the artificial representative volume element (RVE) model to explore the effects of microstructural characteristics on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of high-carbon steel containing high-density carbides under uniaxial tension. A series of RVEs with different ferrite grain sizes, particle volume fractions, and particle sizes were generated based on the RSA algorithms. The mechanism-based plasticity model and the three uncoupled damage models were implemented into the RVE modeling. The model parameters were calibrated by the corresponding simulation between in-situ <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span> DIC and microstructure-based RVE simulation. The predicted mechanical properties and fracture strain from the RVE simulation were in good agreement with the experimental results. Simulated results from a series of RVEs quantified the effects of ferrite grain sizes, particle volume fractions, and particle sizes on strength, elongation, and damage evolution of high-carbon steel containing high-density carbides: strength increases with increasing particle volume fraction while elongation decreases, as well as excessively large or small grain and particle size were not favored to improve elongation. These results were attributed to the damage and internal stress partition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113383"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113378
Meet Jaydeepkumar Oza , Andreas Stark , Efthymios Polatidis , Pere Barriobero Vila , Moslem Shahverdi , Christian Leinenbach
Iron-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs) are e-merging materials with extensive application in civil structures owing to their unique properties, including the shape memory effect. However, it is crucial to understand the time dependent behavior of Fe-SMAs for their effective application as pre-stressing element. In particular, behavior at individual stress, the underlying mechanism, and the transformation kinetics have not been investigated yet. To address these important fundamental research gaps, in-situ compression creep and stress relaxation experiments with high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) of a Fe-17Mn-5Si-10Cr-4Ni-1(V,C) Fe-SMAs were conducted. The time-dependent behavior of the Fe-SMA was investigated at different stress levels with respect to the yield strength (YS) at room temperature. The experimental result showed that the material exhibits a creep strain of up to 1.84 % and 56 MPa relaxed stress at test stress of 769 MPa (1.6 σYS) within one hour of holding. Stacking fault probability and phase volume fraction quantification provide an understanding of the mechanisms based on different stress levels. The transformation kinetics traced from the characteristics of HEXRD peaks offer further insights on creep depending on the contribution of {hkl} families. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the existing models for predicting creep and stress relaxation of Fe-SMA.
{"title":"Characterization of low-temperature creep and stress relaxation of an iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) using in-situ synchrotron diffraction","authors":"Meet Jaydeepkumar Oza , Andreas Stark , Efthymios Polatidis , Pere Barriobero Vila , Moslem Shahverdi , Christian Leinenbach","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMAs) are e-merging materials with extensive application in civil structures owing to their unique properties, including the shape memory effect. However, it is crucial to understand the time dependent behavior of Fe-SMAs for their effective application as pre-stressing element. In particular, behavior at individual stress, the underlying mechanism, and the transformation kinetics have not been investigated yet. To address these important fundamental research gaps, in-situ compression creep and stress relaxation experiments with high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) of a Fe-17Mn-5Si-10Cr-4Ni-1(V,C) Fe-SMAs were conducted. The time-dependent behavior of the Fe-SMA was investigated at different stress levels with respect to the yield strength (YS) at room temperature. The experimental result showed that the material exhibits a creep strain of up to 1.84 % and 56 MPa relaxed stress at test stress of 769 MPa (1.6 σ<sub>YS</sub>) within one hour of holding. Stacking fault probability and phase volume fraction quantification provide an understanding of the mechanisms based on different stress levels. The transformation kinetics traced from the characteristics of HEXRD peaks offer further insights on creep depending on the contribution of {<em>hkl</em>} families. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the existing models for predicting creep and stress relaxation of Fe-SMA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113378"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113386
Zibo Wang, Yongchao Xu
Abnormal grain growth occurs in the friction stir welds of 2219 aluminum alloy during the solution treatment. To further investigate abnormal grain growth, the quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) experiment, including the EBSD testing and heating by thermal simulation testing machine, was proposed to observe the grain growth process in the weld. The results show that the abnormal grain growth behavior in the stir zone and the thermo-mechanically affected zone is different, and different microstructures at different positions in the weld promote the growth of abnormal grains. In the stir zone, the modified Humphreys’ model is used to analyze the abnormal grain growth behavior. The grains with an advantage size and low strain are more likely to grow abnormally. The non-uniform pinning caused by the dissolution of second-phase particles further promotes abnormal grain growth. In the thermo-mechanically affected zone, the abnormal grains are formed by unstrained equiaxed grains near the stir zone or recrystallized sub-grains. The growth of abnormal grains in the thermo-mechanically affected zone is a strain-induced grain boundary migration process. The research is helpful to understand the abnormal grain growth in friction-stir welds during post-weld heat treatment.
{"title":"A quasi-in-situ EBSD study on abnormal grain growth in 2219 aluminum alloy friction stir welded joints during post-weld heat treatment","authors":"Zibo Wang, Yongchao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abnormal grain growth occurs in the friction stir welds of 2219 aluminum alloy during the solution treatment. To further investigate abnormal grain growth, the quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) experiment, including the EBSD testing and heating by thermal simulation testing machine, was proposed to observe the grain growth process in the weld. The results show that the abnormal grain growth behavior in the stir zone and the thermo-mechanically affected zone is different, and different microstructures at different positions in the weld promote the growth of abnormal grains. In the stir zone, the modified Humphreys’ model is used to analyze the abnormal grain growth behavior. The grains with an advantage size and low strain are more likely to grow abnormally. The non-uniform pinning caused by the dissolution of second-phase particles further promotes abnormal grain growth. In the thermo-mechanically affected zone, the abnormal grains are formed by unstrained equiaxed grains near the stir zone or recrystallized sub-grains. The growth of abnormal grains in the thermo-mechanically affected zone is a strain-induced grain boundary migration process. The research is helpful to understand the abnormal grain growth in friction-stir welds during post-weld heat treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113386"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113376
Yuheng Zhou , Zhengshu Yan , Pascal Hubert
A novel algorithm based on radial basis functions is proposed for the removal of artifactual fibre overlap within fibre structures extracted from micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites. The proposed algorithm is highly efficient and excels in preserving the original fibre structures extracted from the micro-CT images. Besides, graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration is applied to further enhance the efficiency of the fibre overlap removal process. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is also modified for the generation of periodic 3D microstructures. For practical application, the proposed algorithm is implemented for both the artifactual fibre overlap removal within micro-CT images from an injection moulded part and the microstructure generation for 3D printed samples. The unidirectional elastic modulus of the resultant microstructures is computed via numerical simulations and shows a close match to the experimental measurements with relative errors less than 2%. Overall, the proposed algorithm significantly facilitates the reconstruction of micro-CT image-based numerical models and can also be easily repurposed to generate complex microstructures, which is of great value for the development of data-driven models for characterization and design of composite materials that demands large amounts of data on material microstructures.
{"title":"An artifactual fibre overlap removal algorithm for micro-computed tomography image post-processing and 3D microstructure generation with graphics processing unit acceleration","authors":"Yuheng Zhou , Zhengshu Yan , Pascal Hubert","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel algorithm based on radial basis functions is proposed for the removal of artifactual fibre overlap within fibre structures extracted from micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites. The proposed algorithm is highly efficient and excels in preserving the original fibre structures extracted from the micro-CT images. Besides, graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration is applied to further enhance the efficiency of the fibre overlap removal process. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is also modified for the generation of periodic 3D microstructures. For practical application, the proposed algorithm is implemented for both the artifactual fibre overlap removal within micro-CT images from an injection moulded part and the microstructure generation for 3D printed samples. The unidirectional elastic modulus of the resultant microstructures is computed via numerical simulations and shows a close match to the experimental measurements with relative errors less than 2%. Overall, the proposed algorithm significantly facilitates the reconstruction of micro-CT image-based numerical models and can also be easily repurposed to generate complex microstructures, which is of great value for the development of data-driven models for characterization and design of composite materials that demands large amounts of data on material microstructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113376"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113385
Carolina Frey , Benjamin Neuman , Kaitlyn Mullin , Anthony Botros , James Lamb , Collin S. Holgate , Sebastian A. Kube , Tresa M. Pollock
High temperature creep strengths of Nb-based alloys have been limited by the lack of coherent precipitates that exist at temperatures above 1200 . In this investigation, a series of BCC Nb-based alloys with coherent HfRu- and ZrRu-B2 precipitates were investigated to determine the dependence of phase stability, misfit, and solvus temperatures on composition. Sequential anneals from 1000-1500 were used to determine the B2 solvus temperature () of each alloy and solvus lines were constructed for each system. HfRu-B2 is found to be more thermally stable than ZrRu, with HfRu-containing alloys demonstrating higher at equivalent Ru concentrations. For alloys with above 1200 , additional anneals at 1000 and 1200 provide insight into B2 volume fraction variations with temperature. Additional Hf- and Zr-rich tertiary phases also formed on the grain boundaries of the selected compositions at intermediate to high temperatures. Through transmission electron microscopy, the lattice misfits for the B2 precipitates were found to be ≈ 0.5% at 1000 and the grain boundary phases were identified as C14 Laves, L10, β-Hf, and topologically close-packed P phases. Implications for the design of Nb-based alloys strengthened by Ru-B2 precipitates, including strategies to mitigate deleterious phase formation, are discussed throughout.
{"title":"On the stability of coherent HfRu- and ZrRu-B2 precipitates in Nb-based alloys","authors":"Carolina Frey , Benjamin Neuman , Kaitlyn Mullin , Anthony Botros , James Lamb , Collin S. Holgate , Sebastian A. Kube , Tresa M. Pollock","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High temperature creep strengths of Nb-based alloys have been limited by the lack of coherent precipitates that exist at temperatures above 1200<!--> <figure><img></figure>. In this investigation, a series of BCC Nb-based alloys with coherent HfRu- and ZrRu-B2 precipitates were investigated to determine the dependence of phase stability, misfit, and solvus temperatures on composition. Sequential anneals from 1000-1500<!--> <figure><img></figure> were used to determine the B2 solvus temperature (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) of each alloy and solvus lines were constructed for each system. HfRu-B2 is found to be more thermally stable than ZrRu, with HfRu-containing alloys demonstrating higher <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> at equivalent Ru concentrations. For alloys with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> above 1200<!--> <figure><img></figure>, additional anneals at 1000 and 1200<!--> <figure><img></figure> provide insight into B2 volume fraction variations with temperature. Additional Hf- and Zr-rich tertiary phases also formed on the grain boundaries of the selected compositions at intermediate to high temperatures. Through transmission electron microscopy, the lattice misfits for the B2 precipitates were found to be ≈ 0.5% at 1000<!--> <figure><img></figure> and the grain boundary phases were identified as C14 Laves, L1<sub>0</sub>, <em>β</em>-Hf, and topologically close-packed P phases. Implications for the design of Nb-based alloys strengthened by Ru-B2 precipitates, including strategies to mitigate deleterious phase formation, are discussed throughout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113385"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113377
Sukheon Kang , Hyunggwi Song , Hyun Seok Kang , Byeong-Soo Bae , Seunghwa Ryu
Inverse design of metamaterial structures with customized strain-dependent Poisson’s ratio has significant potential across various applications. However, achieving precise control over these mechanical properties presents a challenge due to the complex relationship between geometry and mechanical performance. Here, we present a novel data-driven approach utilizing a constrained generative inverse design network (CGIDN) to address this challenge. The CGIDN uses backpropagation to efficiently navigate the design space and achieve target mechanical properties with high accuracy. Our method starts by generating a comprehensive dataset of Poisson’s ratio-strain curves for various geometries incorporating cuts. These curves are then compressed using principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality while preserving essential features. A deep neural network (DNN) is then trained to map input geometric parameters to these principal components, with the architecture optimized using grid search. The CGIDN facilitates the inverse design process by recommending geometric parameters for unit cell designs that match specified target Poisson’s ratio-strain curves. We validated the effectiveness of our approach through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experimental verification. The FEA results for the designed unit cells showed high agreement with the target and predicted curves, demonstrating the accuracy of the CGIDN model. Further, tensile tests on specimens confirmed that the inverse-designed structures reproduced the desired mechanical behavior upon scale-up. Our method, which enables efficient and accurate design of metamaterials with tailored mechanical properties, holds promise for applications in wearable devices, soft robotics, and advanced sensor systems.
{"title":"Customizable metamaterial design for desired strain-dependent Poisson’s ratio using constrained generative inverse design network","authors":"Sukheon Kang , Hyunggwi Song , Hyun Seok Kang , Byeong-Soo Bae , Seunghwa Ryu","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inverse design of metamaterial structures with customized strain-dependent Poisson’s ratio has significant potential across various applications. However, achieving precise control over these mechanical properties presents a challenge due to the complex relationship between geometry and mechanical performance. Here, we present a novel data-driven approach utilizing a constrained generative inverse design network (CGIDN) to address this challenge. The CGIDN uses backpropagation to efficiently navigate the design space and achieve target mechanical properties with high accuracy. Our method starts by generating a comprehensive dataset of Poisson’s ratio-strain curves for various geometries incorporating cuts. These curves are then compressed using principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality while preserving essential features. A deep neural network (DNN) is then trained to map input geometric parameters to these principal components, with the architecture optimized using grid search. The CGIDN facilitates the inverse design process by recommending geometric parameters for unit cell designs that match specified target Poisson’s ratio-strain curves. We validated the effectiveness of our approach through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experimental verification. The FEA results for the designed unit cells showed high agreement with the target and predicted curves, demonstrating the accuracy of the CGIDN model. Further, tensile tests on specimens confirmed that the inverse-designed structures reproduced the desired mechanical behavior upon scale-up. Our method, which enables efficient and accurate design of metamaterials with tailored mechanical properties, holds promise for applications in wearable devices, soft robotics, and advanced sensor systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113377"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113361
Zhiyuan Xu , Ran Tao , Kunal Masania , Sofia Teixeira de Freitas
Spider silk is known for its excellent strength and fracture resistance properties due to its molecular design structure, characterized by sacrificial bonds and hidden lengths. These structures have inspired reinforcements of synthetic polymer materials to enhance toughness. In this study, we mimic these natural toughening mechanisms by designing and manufacturing 3D-printed polymeric structures incorporating overlapping curls consisting of coiling fiber with sacrificial bonds and hidden lengths. Utilizing the liquid rope coiling effect, we manufactured overlapping curls using three polymers: polylactic acid (PLA), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), and polyamide 6 (PA6). Uniaxial tensile tests were performed to characterize the mechanical properties of overlapping curl as a function of geometries, post-treatments, and material constitutive parameters. Our results show that single-sided overlapping curls can fully unfold while double-sided curls are prone to premature failure. Heat-pressure post-treatment was found to significantly increase the load-capacity of the sacrificial bonds by up to due to increased contact area. However, the defects introduced in the fibre after the break of the sacrificial bonds, make the structure more susceptible to premature failure, limit the complete unfolding of the hidden length, and lead to a decrease up to of the toughness. To guarantee the complete unfolding of the hidden lengths and improve the toughness, we demonstrate that selecting a polymer material with either high fracture strength (e.g., LCP, ) or high fracture strain (e.g., PA6, >2) is crucial, and increase toughness up to and , respectively.
{"title":"Biomimetic toughening design of 3D-printed polymeric structures: Enhancing toughness through sacrificial bonds and hidden lengths","authors":"Zhiyuan Xu , Ran Tao , Kunal Masania , Sofia Teixeira de Freitas","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spider silk is known for its excellent strength and fracture resistance properties due to its molecular design structure, characterized by sacrificial bonds and hidden lengths. These structures have inspired reinforcements of synthetic polymer materials to enhance toughness. In this study, we mimic these natural toughening mechanisms by designing and manufacturing 3D-printed polymeric structures incorporating overlapping curls consisting of coiling fiber with sacrificial bonds and hidden lengths. Utilizing the liquid rope coiling effect, we manufactured overlapping curls using three polymers: polylactic acid (PLA), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), and polyamide 6 (PA6). Uniaxial tensile tests were performed to characterize the mechanical properties of overlapping curl as a function of geometries, post-treatments, and material constitutive parameters. Our results show that single-sided overlapping curls can fully unfold while double-sided curls are prone to premature failure. Heat-pressure post-treatment was found to significantly increase the load-capacity of the sacrificial bonds by up to <figure><img></figure> due to increased contact area. However, the defects introduced in the fibre after the break of the sacrificial bonds, make the structure more susceptible to premature failure, limit the complete unfolding of the hidden length, and lead to a decrease up to <figure><img></figure> of the toughness. To guarantee the complete unfolding of the hidden lengths and improve the toughness, we demonstrate that selecting a polymer material with either high fracture strength (e.g., LCP, <figure><img></figure>) or high fracture strain (e.g., PA6, >2) is crucial, and increase toughness up to <figure><img></figure> and <figure><img></figure>, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113361"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113347
Ruqing Bai , Shengbo Shi , Jingzhe Wang , Jun Luo , Huayan Pu , Wenhan Lyu , Hakim Naceur , Daniel Coutellier , Li Wang , Yangkun Du
Additive manufacturing (AM) technology facilitates the creation of complex structures, where the printing path significantly impacts thermal distribution, subsequently influencing stress distribution and structural deformation. The primary challenge in path planning is to determine a printing turn angle that ensures uniform thermal distribution, thereby minimizing structural deformation while maintaining printing efficiency. To address this issue, we propose a composite function, which comprehensively characterizes the effects of the printing turn angle and the length of the printing path on the printing results. Combining a specific cubic porous structure, we calculate the maximum (Pmax) and minimum (Pmin) values of the composite function P, and compare the structural deformation and stress of the Pmax and Pmin paths with those of the typical Pzigzag path. Finite element method (FEM) simulation and experimental validation show that the Pmax path achieves significantly lower structural deformation and residual stress compared to the Pzigzag path and Pmin path.
{"title":"Investigation of printing turn angle effects on structural deformation and stress in selective laser melting","authors":"Ruqing Bai , Shengbo Shi , Jingzhe Wang , Jun Luo , Huayan Pu , Wenhan Lyu , Hakim Naceur , Daniel Coutellier , Li Wang , Yangkun Du","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matdes.2024.113347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) technology facilitates the creation of complex structures, where the printing path significantly impacts thermal distribution, subsequently influencing stress distribution and structural deformation. The primary challenge in path planning is to determine a printing turn angle that ensures uniform thermal distribution, thereby minimizing structural deformation while maintaining printing efficiency. To address this issue, we propose a composite function, which comprehensively characterizes the effects of the printing turn angle and the length of the printing path on the printing results. Combining a specific cubic porous structure, we calculate the maximum (P<sub>max</sub>) and minimum (P<sub>min</sub>) values of the composite function P, and compare the structural deformation and stress of the P<sub>max</sub> and P<sub>min</sub> paths with those of the typical P<sub>zigzag</sub> path. Finite element method (FEM) simulation and experimental validation show that the P<sub>max</sub> path achieves significantly lower structural deformation and residual stress compared to the P<sub>zigzag</sub> path and P<sub>min</sub> path.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":383,"journal":{"name":"Materials & Design","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 113347"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号