Pub Date : 2004-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399746
G. Selimis, P. Kitsos, O. Koufopavlou
A hardware implementation of a dual operation cryptographic engine, PANAMA, is presented. The implementation of the PANAMA algorithm can be used both as a hash function and a stream cipher. A basic characteristic of PANAMA is a high degree of parallelism which has, as a result, high rates for the overall system throughput. Another profit of PANAMA is that just one architecture supports two cryptographic operations - encryption/decryption and data hashing. The proposed system operates at 96.5 MHz frequency with a maximum data rate of 24.7 Gbps. The proposed system outperforms previous hash function and stream cipher implementations in terms of performance. Additional techniques can increase the achieved throughput by about 90%.
{"title":"High performance cryptographic engine PANAMA: hardware implementation","authors":"G. Selimis, P. Kitsos, O. Koufopavlou","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399746","url":null,"abstract":"A hardware implementation of a dual operation cryptographic engine, PANAMA, is presented. The implementation of the PANAMA algorithm can be used both as a hash function and a stream cipher. A basic characteristic of PANAMA is a high degree of parallelism which has, as a result, high rates for the overall system throughput. Another profit of PANAMA is that just one architecture supports two cryptographic operations - encryption/decryption and data hashing. The proposed system operates at 96.5 MHz frequency with a maximum data rate of 24.7 Gbps. The proposed system outperforms previous hash function and stream cipher implementations in terms of performance. Additional techniques can increase the achieved throughput by about 90%.","PeriodicalId":38467,"journal":{"name":"Giornale di Storia Costituzionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88756266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399615
S. Engelberg
The result of connecting many low-pass filters in series is considered. It is shown that if the impulse response of the filters is non-negative, then a version of the central limit theorem applies. Making use of the central limit theorem, we show that, as the number of filter sections gets large, the total delay of the cascaded filter system tends to the sum of the (approximate) time delays of each of the filters. Letting B/sub i/ denote the (approximate) bandwidth of the i/sup th/ filter, it is found that the bandwidth of the cascaded filter system tends to 1//spl radic/(1/B/sub 1//sup 2/ + /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/ + 1/B/sub N//sup 2/). Using examples, it is shown that the rate at which the impulse response converges to a Gaussian is dependent on the nature of the impulse responses of the constituent low-pass filters.
{"title":"The central limit theorem and low-pass filters","authors":"S. Engelberg","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399615","url":null,"abstract":"The result of connecting many low-pass filters in series is considered. It is shown that if the impulse response of the filters is non-negative, then a version of the central limit theorem applies. Making use of the central limit theorem, we show that, as the number of filter sections gets large, the total delay of the cascaded filter system tends to the sum of the (approximate) time delays of each of the filters. Letting B/sub i/ denote the (approximate) bandwidth of the i/sup th/ filter, it is found that the bandwidth of the cascaded filter system tends to 1//spl radic/(1/B/sub 1//sup 2/ + /spl middot//spl middot//spl middot/ + 1/B/sub N//sup 2/). Using examples, it is shown that the rate at which the impulse response converges to a Gaussian is dependent on the nature of the impulse responses of the constituent low-pass filters.","PeriodicalId":38467,"journal":{"name":"Giornale di Storia Costituzionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79878448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399609
S. Koziel, A. Ramachandran, S. Szczepański, E. Sánchez-Sinencio
A general framework for performance optimization of continuous-time OTA-C filters is presented. Efficient procedures for evaluating nonlinear distortion and noise valid for any filter of arbitrary order are developed, based on a matrix description of a general OTA-C filter model. A systematic optimization procedure using equivalence transformations is discussed. An application example of the proposed approach to optimal block sequencing and gain distribution of an 8/sup th/ order cascade Butterworth filter is given. Theoretical results are verified using transistor-level simulation with CADENCE.
{"title":"Dynamic range, noise and linearity optimization of continuous-time OTA-C filters","authors":"S. Koziel, A. Ramachandran, S. Szczepański, E. Sánchez-Sinencio","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399609","url":null,"abstract":"A general framework for performance optimization of continuous-time OTA-C filters is presented. Efficient procedures for evaluating nonlinear distortion and noise valid for any filter of arbitrary order are developed, based on a matrix description of a general OTA-C filter model. A systematic optimization procedure using equivalence transformations is discussed. An application example of the proposed approach to optimal block sequencing and gain distribution of an 8/sup th/ order cascade Butterworth filter is given. Theoretical results are verified using transistor-level simulation with CADENCE.","PeriodicalId":38467,"journal":{"name":"Giornale di Storia Costituzionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82350506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399631
Larissa Zlydina, Y. Yagil
The paper describes on-chip 3D power grid (PG) modeling for high performance CPU designs. We show that for high frequencies (above 1 GHz) it is necessary to use the full RLM PG model with extracted partial self and mutual conductors' inductances, rather than resistive R or RL models. We also present a practical model reduction technique named "real space reduction" (RSR), which enables simplifying the model and reduces memory and simulation time without significant accuracy losses.
{"title":"3D power grid modeling","authors":"Larissa Zlydina, Y. Yagil","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399631","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes on-chip 3D power grid (PG) modeling for high performance CPU designs. We show that for high frequencies (above 1 GHz) it is necessary to use the full RLM PG model with extracted partial self and mutual conductors' inductances, rather than resistive R or RL models. We also present a practical model reduction technique named \"real space reduction\" (RSR), which enables simplifying the model and reduces memory and simulation time without significant accuracy losses.","PeriodicalId":38467,"journal":{"name":"Giornale di Storia Costituzionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73095780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399619
D. Bartolomé, A. Pérez-Neira
In a multi-antenna broadcast channel, the access point (AP) has several alternatives for distributing the scarce resources among the users. When realistic conditions are taken into account, it is not clear which is the best suited option for the AP, since there exist a trade-off between the global performance and the individual needs. In this paper, we derive an analytical framework to study fairness in a multi-antenna multi-user channel, which is useful in practical situations. Since fairness indexes in the literature usually reflect relative performance among users, we borrow ideas from portfolio selection and propose a mean versus standard deviation analysis that allows us to select a certain technique under practical conditions. We particularize this framework for a multi-antenna AP communicating simultaneously with several single-antenna terminals, and give closed-form expressions for the mean versus standard deviation trade-off for zero forcing beamforming, dirty paper encoding, and the cooperative bound, under the assumption of a uniform power allocation among the active users. This framework can be extended to analyze other types of multi-user communications.
{"title":"A unified fairness framework in multi-antenna multi-user channels","authors":"D. Bartolomé, A. Pérez-Neira","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399619","url":null,"abstract":"In a multi-antenna broadcast channel, the access point (AP) has several alternatives for distributing the scarce resources among the users. When realistic conditions are taken into account, it is not clear which is the best suited option for the AP, since there exist a trade-off between the global performance and the individual needs. In this paper, we derive an analytical framework to study fairness in a multi-antenna multi-user channel, which is useful in practical situations. Since fairness indexes in the literature usually reflect relative performance among users, we borrow ideas from portfolio selection and propose a mean versus standard deviation analysis that allows us to select a certain technique under practical conditions. We particularize this framework for a multi-antenna AP communicating simultaneously with several single-antenna terminals, and give closed-form expressions for the mean versus standard deviation trade-off for zero forcing beamforming, dirty paper encoding, and the cooperative bound, under the assumption of a uniform power allocation among the active users. This framework can be extended to analyze other types of multi-user communications.","PeriodicalId":38467,"journal":{"name":"Giornale di Storia Costituzionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73213900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399606
L. Romanò, C. Samori, S. Levantino, A. Bonfanti, A. Lacaita
This paper proposes a novel oscillator topology in which N LC tanks are coupled by active transconductors. Phase noise is shown to scale down by N, at the expense of higher power dissipation and area consumption. This topology allows us to trade-off noise and power beyond the practical limits dictated by conventional LC tank oscillators. The theoretical analysis is supported by behavioral and transistor-level simulations.
{"title":"A multi-tank LC-oscillator [microwave oscillator example]","authors":"L. Romanò, C. Samori, S. Levantino, A. Bonfanti, A. Lacaita","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399606","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel oscillator topology in which N LC tanks are coupled by active transconductors. Phase noise is shown to scale down by N, at the expense of higher power dissipation and area consumption. This topology allows us to trade-off noise and power beyond the practical limits dictated by conventional LC tank oscillators. The theoretical analysis is supported by behavioral and transistor-level simulations.","PeriodicalId":38467,"journal":{"name":"Giornale di Storia Costituzionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77361128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399604
M. Chu, D. Allstot
A 6 GHz low-noise quadrature Colpitts VCO is presented. Use of the Colpitts configuration together with a series-injection scheme for quadrature signal generation ensures low phase noise operation. The QVCO achieves a simulated average phase noise of -140.5 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset across a 500 MHz tuning range while dissipating 20 mW of power. The 500 MHz tuning capability is obtained using switched capacitor arrays and accumulation-mode NMOS varactors. The phase error of the QVCO is 0.55/spl deg/. The figure-of-merit (FOM) and the power-frequency-tuning normalized FOM (PFTN-FOM) are 194 dB and -2 dB, respectively.
{"title":"A 6 GHz low-noise quadrature Colpitts VCO","authors":"M. Chu, D. Allstot","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399604","url":null,"abstract":"A 6 GHz low-noise quadrature Colpitts VCO is presented. Use of the Colpitts configuration together with a series-injection scheme for quadrature signal generation ensures low phase noise operation. The QVCO achieves a simulated average phase noise of -140.5 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset across a 500 MHz tuning range while dissipating 20 mW of power. The 500 MHz tuning capability is obtained using switched capacitor arrays and accumulation-mode NMOS varactors. The phase error of the QVCO is 0.55/spl deg/. The figure-of-merit (FOM) and the power-frequency-tuning normalized FOM (PFTN-FOM) are 194 dB and -2 dB, respectively.","PeriodicalId":38467,"journal":{"name":"Giornale di Storia Costituzionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73733069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399617
L. N. Alves, R. Aguiar
This paper presents a new method to improve the CC-II's X input impedance. The new method applies a double feedback scheme, comprising both series-shunt negative and series-series positive feedback paths. This method achieves input impedance levels below -15 dB/spl Omega/ (comparable to other reported methods), with controlled frequency peaking. Simulation results compare the frequency performance of the proposed method with other reported methods, using the same reference CC-II. The effects of feedback on current and voltage transfers of the CC-II are also discussed, pointing to limiting factors on impedance reduction.
{"title":"A new method to improve the impedance of the CC-II's X input","authors":"L. N. Alves, R. Aguiar","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399617","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new method to improve the CC-II's X input impedance. The new method applies a double feedback scheme, comprising both series-shunt negative and series-series positive feedback paths. This method achieves input impedance levels below -15 dB/spl Omega/ (comparable to other reported methods), with controlled frequency peaking. Simulation results compare the frequency performance of the proposed method with other reported methods, using the same reference CC-II. The effects of feedback on current and voltage transfers of the CC-II are also discussed, pointing to limiting factors on impedance reduction.","PeriodicalId":38467,"journal":{"name":"Giornale di Storia Costituzionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74114224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399712
A. Guez, Robert E. Cochran, I. Rusnak
An optimization approach to distributed intelligent system design and control is presented. It is expected to enhance the autonomous decision-making capabilities of systems functioning as members of a team. It is applicable to autonomous distributed agents within homogeneous or heterogeneous clusters, when they must collaborate as a team to achieve a common goal. This approach inherently supports situation awareness, collision avoidance, and operations in a complex environment that may experience both degraded communications and sensor failures.
{"title":"Distributed system design and control via multiple objectives optimization","authors":"A. Guez, Robert E. Cochran, I. Rusnak","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399712","url":null,"abstract":"An optimization approach to distributed intelligent system design and control is presented. It is expected to enhance the autonomous decision-making capabilities of systems functioning as members of a team. It is applicable to autonomous distributed agents within homogeneous or heterogeneous clusters, when they must collaborate as a team to achieve a common goal. This approach inherently supports situation awareness, collision avoidance, and operations in a complex environment that may experience both degraded communications and sensor failures.","PeriodicalId":38467,"journal":{"name":"Giornale di Storia Costituzionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73476872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-13DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399733
J. Górriz, C. Puntonet, M. Salmerón, E. Lang
We present a novel method for blindly separating unobservable independent component signals from their linear mixtures, using meta-heuristics such as genetic algorithms (GA) to minimize the nonconvex and nonlinear cost functions. This approach is very useful in many fields such as forecasting indexes in financial stock markets, where the search for independent components is the major task to include exogenous information into the learning machine. The presented GA is able to extract independent components at a faster rate than the previous independent component analysis algorithms based on higher order statistics (HOS), showing significant accuracy and robustness as the input space dimension increases.
{"title":"Meta-heuristics hybridizing independent component analysis with genetic algorithms","authors":"J. Górriz, C. Puntonet, M. Salmerón, E. Lang","doi":"10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2004.1399733","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel method for blindly separating unobservable independent component signals from their linear mixtures, using meta-heuristics such as genetic algorithms (GA) to minimize the nonconvex and nonlinear cost functions. This approach is very useful in many fields such as forecasting indexes in financial stock markets, where the search for independent components is the major task to include exogenous information into the learning machine. The presented GA is able to extract independent components at a faster rate than the previous independent component analysis algorithms based on higher order statistics (HOS), showing significant accuracy and robustness as the input space dimension increases.","PeriodicalId":38467,"journal":{"name":"Giornale di Storia Costituzionale","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73523697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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