A. F. Villa-Salazar, I. N. Gomez-Miranda, A. F. Romero-Maya, J. D. Velásquez-Gómez, K. Lemmel-Vélez
The link between the world of communications and the world of racing is provided by the telemetry systems in electric racing cars. These systems send real-time data about the vehicle’s behavior and systems to enable informed decisions during the race. The objective of this research was to integrate telemetry into the battery bank of an electric racing car in order to find the optimal values of current and voltage that optimize the charging process and thus improve the performance of the vehicle in competition using Response Surface Analysis. Specifically, the telemetry system consisted of an Arduino Mega, a digital wattmeter, and temperature sensors, all installed in the vehicle. Once the telemetry data were obtained, a response surface design was fitted with current, voltage, and temperature as factors varying from low to high values, with the objective function being to minimize the battery charging time. Using the response surface methodology and the steepest descent algorithm, it was found that all factors significantly affect the charging time, with the minimum charging time being 6961 s, obtained with a current of 2.4 amps and voltages of 50.5 volts and 43.6 volts.
{"title":"Optimizing Electric Racing Car Performance through Telemetry-Integrated Battery Charging: A Response Surface Analysis Approach","authors":"A. F. Villa-Salazar, I. N. Gomez-Miranda, A. F. Romero-Maya, J. D. Velásquez-Gómez, K. Lemmel-Vélez","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070317","url":null,"abstract":"The link between the world of communications and the world of racing is provided by the telemetry systems in electric racing cars. These systems send real-time data about the vehicle’s behavior and systems to enable informed decisions during the race. The objective of this research was to integrate telemetry into the battery bank of an electric racing car in order to find the optimal values of current and voltage that optimize the charging process and thus improve the performance of the vehicle in competition using Response Surface Analysis. Specifically, the telemetry system consisted of an Arduino Mega, a digital wattmeter, and temperature sensors, all installed in the vehicle. Once the telemetry data were obtained, a response surface design was fitted with current, voltage, and temperature as factors varying from low to high values, with the objective function being to minimize the battery charging time. Using the response surface methodology and the steepest descent algorithm, it was found that all factors significantly affect the charging time, with the minimum charging time being 6961 s, obtained with a current of 2.4 amps and voltages of 50.5 volts and 43.6 volts.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of new energy Electric Vehicles (EVs), certain car manufacturers engage in deceptive behaviors known as “greenwashing”, including activities such as “subsidy cheating”, “exaggerating carbon reduction claims”, and “selective disclosure of environmental information”. These behaviors have a negative impact on industry progress. While previous studies suggest that consumers’ perceptions of greenwashing towards individual brands extend to the industry as a whole and influence their overall purchase intentions, there remains a gap in understanding how these behaviors specifically affect consumers’ willingness to purchase EVs. To address this gap and enrich the literature on the relationship between greenwashing and consumer choice, this study uses ABC attitude theory and experimental methods to investigate the impact of greenwashing in the EV sector on consumers’ vehicle preferences in three experiments. The results show that consumers’ perceptions of greenwashing in one EV brand negatively influence their purchase intentions towards other brands, mediated by a general skepticism towards environmental claims in the industry. In addition, consumers’ innovativeness and attitudes towards other brands play a negative moderating role in this relationship. The research findings provide comprehensive insights into the complex impact of brand greenwashing on consumer behavior within the EV industry.
{"title":"The Influence of Brand Greenwashing on EV Purchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Consumer Innovativeness and Peer Brand Attitude","authors":"Yuting Liao, Liang Wu","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070313","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of new energy Electric Vehicles (EVs), certain car manufacturers engage in deceptive behaviors known as “greenwashing”, including activities such as “subsidy cheating”, “exaggerating carbon reduction claims”, and “selective disclosure of environmental information”. These behaviors have a negative impact on industry progress. While previous studies suggest that consumers’ perceptions of greenwashing towards individual brands extend to the industry as a whole and influence their overall purchase intentions, there remains a gap in understanding how these behaviors specifically affect consumers’ willingness to purchase EVs. To address this gap and enrich the literature on the relationship between greenwashing and consumer choice, this study uses ABC attitude theory and experimental methods to investigate the impact of greenwashing in the EV sector on consumers’ vehicle preferences in three experiments. The results show that consumers’ perceptions of greenwashing in one EV brand negatively influence their purchase intentions towards other brands, mediated by a general skepticism towards environmental claims in the industry. In addition, consumers’ innovativeness and attitudes towards other brands play a negative moderating role in this relationship. The research findings provide comprehensive insights into the complex impact of brand greenwashing on consumer behavior within the EV industry.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuandong Wu, Huaiyuan Zhang, Cunxiang Yang, H. Qiu
Accurate calculation of the flux and the magnetic field distribution of fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (FSCW PMSM) is the basis for motor performance analysis, and rapid calculation is key. In this paper, to solve the problem of difficult modeling and accuracy guarantee of the flux linkage differential method, a method is proposed to calculate the flux and the no-load back EMF by the slotless subdomain model. By introducing the leakage flux calculation link, the calculation accuracy is improved, the analytical method results are compared with the finite element method results, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. On this basis, the nonlinear variations of the magnetic field and the no-load back EMF with rotor permeability are determined, and the influence mechanism of rotor length and rotor permeability on the main magnetic circuit is revealed. Finally, an experiment of the prototype is carried out, and the correctness and accuracy of the analytical method and the finite element method is verified by comparing with the experimental results.
{"title":"Analytical Calculation of Magnetic Field and Analysis of Rotor Permeability Effects on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding","authors":"Xuandong Wu, Huaiyuan Zhang, Cunxiang Yang, H. Qiu","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070312","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate calculation of the flux and the magnetic field distribution of fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (FSCW PMSM) is the basis for motor performance analysis, and rapid calculation is key. In this paper, to solve the problem of difficult modeling and accuracy guarantee of the flux linkage differential method, a method is proposed to calculate the flux and the no-load back EMF by the slotless subdomain model. By introducing the leakage flux calculation link, the calculation accuracy is improved, the analytical method results are compared with the finite element method results, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. On this basis, the nonlinear variations of the magnetic field and the no-load back EMF with rotor permeability are determined, and the influence mechanism of rotor length and rotor permeability on the main magnetic circuit is revealed. Finally, an experiment of the prototype is carried out, and the correctness and accuracy of the analytical method and the finite element method is verified by comparing with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In current traffic congestion scenarios, electric vehicles (EVs) have the problem of reduced battery life and continuous decline in endurance. Therefore, this study proposes an optimization method for electric vehicle charging scheduling based onthe ant colony optimization algorithm with adaptive dynamic search (ADS-ACO), and conducts experimental verification on it. The experiment revealed that in the four benchmark functions, the research algorithm has the fastest convergence speed and can achieve convergence in most of them. In the validation of effectiveness, the optimal solution for vehicle time consumption under the ADS-ACO algorithm in the output of the algorithm with a stationary period and a remaining battery energy of 15 kW·h was 2.146 h in the regular road network. In the initial results of 15 kW·h under changes in road conditions from peak to peak periods, the total energy consumption of vehicles under the research algorithm was 4.678 kW·h and 4.656 kW·h under regular and irregular road networks, respectively. The change results were 4.509 kW·h and 4.656 kW·h, respectively. The initial results of 10 kW·h were 4.755 kW·h and 4.873 kW·h, respectively. The change results were 4.461 kW·h and 4.656 kW·h, respectively, which are lower than the comparison algorithm. In stability verification, research algorithms can find the optimal path under any conditions. The algorithm proposed in the study has been demonstrated to be highly effective and stable in electric vehicle charging path planning. It represents a novel solution for electric vehicle charging management and is expected to significantly enhance the range of electric vehicles in practical applications.
{"title":"Application of Improved Ant Colony Algorithm in Optimizing the Charging Path of Electric Vehicles","authors":"Zhiqun Qi","doi":"10.3390/wevj15060230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15060230","url":null,"abstract":"In current traffic congestion scenarios, electric vehicles (EVs) have the problem of reduced battery life and continuous decline in endurance. Therefore, this study proposes an optimization method for electric vehicle charging scheduling based onthe ant colony optimization algorithm with adaptive dynamic search (ADS-ACO), and conducts experimental verification on it. The experiment revealed that in the four benchmark functions, the research algorithm has the fastest convergence speed and can achieve convergence in most of them. In the validation of effectiveness, the optimal solution for vehicle time consumption under the ADS-ACO algorithm in the output of the algorithm with a stationary period and a remaining battery energy of 15 kW·h was 2.146 h in the regular road network. In the initial results of 15 kW·h under changes in road conditions from peak to peak periods, the total energy consumption of vehicles under the research algorithm was 4.678 kW·h and 4.656 kW·h under regular and irregular road networks, respectively. The change results were 4.509 kW·h and 4.656 kW·h, respectively. The initial results of 10 kW·h were 4.755 kW·h and 4.873 kW·h, respectively. The change results were 4.461 kW·h and 4.656 kW·h, respectively, which are lower than the comparison algorithm. In stability verification, research algorithms can find the optimal path under any conditions. The algorithm proposed in the study has been demonstrated to be highly effective and stable in electric vehicle charging path planning. It represents a novel solution for electric vehicle charging management and is expected to significantly enhance the range of electric vehicles in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The improvement of battery management systems (BMSs) requires the incorporation of advanced battery status detection technologies to facilitate early warnings of abnormal conditions. In this study, acoustic data from batteries under two discharge rates, 0.5 C and 3 C, were collected using a specially designed battery acoustic test system. By analyzing selected acoustic parameters in the time domain, the acoustic signals exhibited noticeable differences with the change in discharge current, highlighting the potential of acoustic signals for current anomaly detection. In the frequency domain analysis, distinct variations in the frequency domain parameters of the acoustic response signal were observed at different discharge currents. The identification of acoustic characteristic parameters demonstrates a robust capability to detect short-term high-current discharges, which reflects the sensitivity of the battery’s internal structure to varying operational stresses. Acoustic emission (AE) technology, coupled with electrode measurements, effectively tracks unusually high discharge currents. The acoustic signals show a clear correlation with discharge currents, indicating that selecting key acoustic parameters can reveal the battery structure’s response to high currents. This approach could serve as a crucial diagnostic tool for identifying battery abnormalities.
要改进电池管理系统（BMS），就必须采用先进的电池状态检测技术，以便对异常情况发出预警。本研究使用专门设计的电池声学测试系统收集了电池在 0.5 C 和 3 C 两种放电速率下的声学数据。通过在时域分析选定的声学参数，声学信号随着放电电流的变化呈现出明显的差异，突出了声学信号在电流异常检测方面的潜力。在频域分析中，观察到不同放电电流下声学响应信号的频域参数有明显变化。声学特征参数的识别证明了检测短期大电流放电的强大能力，这反映了电池内部结构对不同运行压力的敏感性。声发射 (AE) 技术与电极测量相结合，可有效跟踪异常高放电电流。声学信号与放电电流有明显的相关性，表明选择关键的声学参数可以揭示电池结构对大电流的反应。这种方法可以作为识别电池异常的重要诊断工具。
{"title":"Detection and Analysis of Abnormal High-Current Discharge of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Acoustic Characteristics Research","authors":"Nan Zhou, Kunbai Wang, Xiang Shi, Zeyu Chen","doi":"10.3390/wevj15060229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15060229","url":null,"abstract":"The improvement of battery management systems (BMSs) requires the incorporation of advanced battery status detection technologies to facilitate early warnings of abnormal conditions. In this study, acoustic data from batteries under two discharge rates, 0.5 C and 3 C, were collected using a specially designed battery acoustic test system. By analyzing selected acoustic parameters in the time domain, the acoustic signals exhibited noticeable differences with the change in discharge current, highlighting the potential of acoustic signals for current anomaly detection. In the frequency domain analysis, distinct variations in the frequency domain parameters of the acoustic response signal were observed at different discharge currents. The identification of acoustic characteristic parameters demonstrates a robust capability to detect short-term high-current discharges, which reflects the sensitivity of the battery’s internal structure to varying operational stresses. Acoustic emission (AE) technology, coupled with electrode measurements, effectively tracks unusually high discharge currents. The acoustic signals show a clear correlation with discharge currents, indicating that selecting key acoustic parameters can reveal the battery structure’s response to high currents. This approach could serve as a crucial diagnostic tool for identifying battery abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141100599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiahao Zhang, Chengye Liu, Jingbo Zhao, Haimei Liu
The four-wheel steering distributed drive vehicle is a novel type of vehicle with independent control over the four-wheel angle and wheel torque. A method for jointly controlling the distribution of the wheel angle and torque is proposed based on this characteristic. Firstly, the two-degrees-of-freedom model and ideal reference model of four-wheel steering vehicle are established; then, the four-wheel steering controller and torque distribution controller are designed. The rear wheel angle is controlled by the feedforward controller and the feedback controller. The feedforward controller takes the side slip angle of the center of mass as the control target, and the feedback controller takes the yaw angle as the control target. Torque is controlled by two control layers, the additional yaw moment of the upper layer is calculated by the vehicle motion state and fuzzy control theory, and the lower layer distributes wheel torque through the road adhesion coefficient and wheel load. Finally, a simulation platform is established to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
{"title":"Research on Stability Control of Distributed Drive Vehicle with Four-Wheel Steering","authors":"Jiahao Zhang, Chengye Liu, Jingbo Zhao, Haimei Liu","doi":"10.3390/wevj15060228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15060228","url":null,"abstract":"The four-wheel steering distributed drive vehicle is a novel type of vehicle with independent control over the four-wheel angle and wheel torque. A method for jointly controlling the distribution of the wheel angle and torque is proposed based on this characteristic. Firstly, the two-degrees-of-freedom model and ideal reference model of four-wheel steering vehicle are established; then, the four-wheel steering controller and torque distribution controller are designed. The rear wheel angle is controlled by the feedforward controller and the feedback controller. The feedforward controller takes the side slip angle of the center of mass as the control target, and the feedback controller takes the yaw angle as the control target. Torque is controlled by two control layers, the additional yaw moment of the upper layer is calculated by the vehicle motion state and fuzzy control theory, and the lower layer distributes wheel torque through the road adhesion coefficient and wheel load. Finally, a simulation platform is established to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last decade, permanent magnet (PM)-free or hybrid PM machines have been extensively researched to find an alternative for high cost rare-earth PM machines. Brushless wound rotor synchronous machines (BL-WRSMs) are one of the alternatives to these PM machines. BL-WRSMs have a lower torque density compared to PM machines. In this paper, a new topology is introduced to improve the torque producing capability of the existing BL-WRSM by utilizing the vacant spaces in the rotor slots. The new topology has two harmonic windings placed on the rotor which induce separate currents. A capacitor is used between the two harmonic windings to bring the currents in phase with each other. The harmonic winding currents are fed to the rectifier which is also placed on the rotor. Due to additional harmonic winding, the overall field current fed to the rotor field winding has been increased and hence the average torque has also increased. Finite element analysis (FEA)-based simulations are performed using ANSYS Maxwell to validate the proposed topology. The results show that the average torque of the machine has been significantly increased compared to the reference model. The detailed comparison results are provided in this paper.
{"title":"A Novel Rotor Harmonic Winding Configuration for the Brushless Wound Rotor Synchronous Machine","authors":"Farhan Arif, A. Arif, Q. Ali, Asif Hussain, Abid Imran, Mukhtar Ullah, Asif Khan","doi":"10.3390/wevj15060226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15060226","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, permanent magnet (PM)-free or hybrid PM machines have been extensively researched to find an alternative for high cost rare-earth PM machines. Brushless wound rotor synchronous machines (BL-WRSMs) are one of the alternatives to these PM machines. BL-WRSMs have a lower torque density compared to PM machines. In this paper, a new topology is introduced to improve the torque producing capability of the existing BL-WRSM by utilizing the vacant spaces in the rotor slots. The new topology has two harmonic windings placed on the rotor which induce separate currents. A capacitor is used between the two harmonic windings to bring the currents in phase with each other. The harmonic winding currents are fed to the rectifier which is also placed on the rotor. Due to additional harmonic winding, the overall field current fed to the rotor field winding has been increased and hence the average torque has also increased. Finite element analysis (FEA)-based simulations are performed using ANSYS Maxwell to validate the proposed topology. The results show that the average torque of the machine has been significantly increased compared to the reference model. The detailed comparison results are provided in this paper.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dual-credit policy promotes green transition in automobile companies. This paper investigates the dual-credit policy framework in the Chinese automotive industry, with a focus on the phenomenon of free riding. This occurs when traditional vehicle manufacturers within an alliance benefit from the excess credits generated by a transitioning vehicle company without fully committing to their own green transitioning. The focus of this study lies on an alliance constituted by a transitioning vehicle company in partnership with two traditional vehicle manufacturers, all interconnected via equity ties. Utilizing an agent-based system dynamics model, this study explores the strategic behaviors emerging from such credit collaborations and their consequent effects on operational efficiency and financial performance. The findings reveal that 1. free riding negatively impacts the transitioning company’s revenue but benefits the alliance by easing transition pressures and boosting collective performance; 2. stricter policies increase intra-alliance credit transfers and performance, while lower credit prices reduce transfer value and harm the transitioning company’s earnings. This study implies that transitioning vehicle companies with equity-linked partners can benefit from a nuanced understanding of how policy mechanisms interact with alliance dynamics under free riding. By adjusting credit transfer strategies in line with market conditions and policy trends, they can better navigate the dual-credit policy landscape, balancing individual profitability with the needs of the broader alliance and long-term sustainability goals.
{"title":"Free Riding of Vehicle Companies under Dual-Credit Policy: An Agent-Based System Dynamics Model","authors":"Zhong Zhou, Yuqi Shen","doi":"10.3390/wevj15060227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15060227","url":null,"abstract":"The dual-credit policy promotes green transition in automobile companies. This paper investigates the dual-credit policy framework in the Chinese automotive industry, with a focus on the phenomenon of free riding. This occurs when traditional vehicle manufacturers within an alliance benefit from the excess credits generated by a transitioning vehicle company without fully committing to their own green transitioning. The focus of this study lies on an alliance constituted by a transitioning vehicle company in partnership with two traditional vehicle manufacturers, all interconnected via equity ties. Utilizing an agent-based system dynamics model, this study explores the strategic behaviors emerging from such credit collaborations and their consequent effects on operational efficiency and financial performance. The findings reveal that 1. free riding negatively impacts the transitioning company’s revenue but benefits the alliance by easing transition pressures and boosting collective performance; 2. stricter policies increase intra-alliance credit transfers and performance, while lower credit prices reduce transfer value and harm the transitioning company’s earnings. This study implies that transitioning vehicle companies with equity-linked partners can benefit from a nuanced understanding of how policy mechanisms interact with alliance dynamics under free riding. By adjusting credit transfer strategies in line with market conditions and policy trends, they can better navigate the dual-credit policy landscape, balancing individual profitability with the needs of the broader alliance and long-term sustainability goals.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the issue of leakage current at the transmitter in the Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) system for electric vehicles and puts forward a novel bilateral resonant compensation topology structure based on the conventional LCC-S architecture. Based on the LCC-S framework, a circuit model was developed for traditional (unilateral)/bilateral resonant compensation topologies. The Fourier series voltage-to-earth expansions for the power supply rail were deduced for both topologies. Subsequently, the voltage-to-earth waveforms for the power supply rail were obtained by utilizing the Fourier series expansions of the voltage-to-earth and the corresponding circuit simulation models. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the bilateral resonant compensation topology in mitigating higher-order harmonics of the voltage to earth on the power supply rail by effectively suppressing the distortion in the leakage current and minimizing its conduction. The effectiveness of the double-ended resonant compensation topology in suppressing leakage current conduction has been verified through experimental tests and waveform comparisons of the voltage to earth and leakage current on the power supply rail under two different topologies. Through experimental testing, during which the unilateral/bilateral resonant compensation topologies were compared, an analysis was conducted on the waveforms of the voltage to earth and leakage current of the power supply rail. The results verified the effectiveness of the bilateral resonant compensation topology in mitigating the conduction of leakage current. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the use of the bilateral resonant compensation topology for suppressing leakage current in power rail applications.
{"title":"Analysis of Leakage Current in Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Systems Based on LCC-S Architecture","authors":"Siyu Hou, Benhui Zhang, Yanjin Hou, Xuenan Sun, Tongkun Zhang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Qianfang Sun","doi":"10.3390/wevj15060225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15060225","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the issue of leakage current at the transmitter in the Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) system for electric vehicles and puts forward a novel bilateral resonant compensation topology structure based on the conventional LCC-S architecture. Based on the LCC-S framework, a circuit model was developed for traditional (unilateral)/bilateral resonant compensation topologies. The Fourier series voltage-to-earth expansions for the power supply rail were deduced for both topologies. Subsequently, the voltage-to-earth waveforms for the power supply rail were obtained by utilizing the Fourier series expansions of the voltage-to-earth and the corresponding circuit simulation models. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the bilateral resonant compensation topology in mitigating higher-order harmonics of the voltage to earth on the power supply rail by effectively suppressing the distortion in the leakage current and minimizing its conduction. The effectiveness of the double-ended resonant compensation topology in suppressing leakage current conduction has been verified through experimental tests and waveform comparisons of the voltage to earth and leakage current on the power supply rail under two different topologies. Through experimental testing, during which the unilateral/bilateral resonant compensation topologies were compared, an analysis was conducted on the waveforms of the voltage to earth and leakage current of the power supply rail. The results verified the effectiveness of the bilateral resonant compensation topology in mitigating the conduction of leakage current. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the use of the bilateral resonant compensation topology for suppressing leakage current in power rail applications.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Schutzeich, Stefan Pischinger, David Hemkemeyer, Kai Franke, Paul Hamelbeck
This paper is based on the work presented at EVS36 in Sacramento. The core of the work deals with the cabin climate control of battery electric vehicles (BEV) using model predictive control (MPC) approaches. These aim to reduce the energy demand for cabin air conditioning while maintaining comfort and air quality. The first step briefly overviews model predictive control approaches and the respective fundamentals. Afterward, the modeling for the system dynamics is explained. The challenge for the system model considering humid air is discussed, and the first implementation method is presented. With the added equations for the air quality and humidity, a logic to prevent window fogging was developed to improve safety. Ultimately, model-in-the-loop (MiL) investigations identified an energy-saving potential of up to 15.4% for cold and 39.7% for hot conditions compared to a rule-based strategy. In addition, the investigations carried out showed that it was also possible to improve indoor comfort by specifically influencing the air quality and humidity. Together with the safety criteria introduced to prevent window fogging, it was possible to present a strategy that can significantly improve thermal management for the cabin in modern BEVs.
{"title":"A Predictive Cabin Conditioning Strategy for Battery Electric Vehicles","authors":"Patrick Schutzeich, Stefan Pischinger, David Hemkemeyer, Kai Franke, Paul Hamelbeck","doi":"10.3390/wevj15060224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15060224","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based on the work presented at EVS36 in Sacramento. The core of the work deals with the cabin climate control of battery electric vehicles (BEV) using model predictive control (MPC) approaches. These aim to reduce the energy demand for cabin air conditioning while maintaining comfort and air quality. The first step briefly overviews model predictive control approaches and the respective fundamentals. Afterward, the modeling for the system dynamics is explained. The challenge for the system model considering humid air is discussed, and the first implementation method is presented. With the added equations for the air quality and humidity, a logic to prevent window fogging was developed to improve safety. Ultimately, model-in-the-loop (MiL) investigations identified an energy-saving potential of up to 15.4% for cold and 39.7% for hot conditions compared to a rule-based strategy. In addition, the investigations carried out showed that it was also possible to improve indoor comfort by specifically influencing the air quality and humidity. Together with the safety criteria introduced to prevent window fogging, it was possible to present a strategy that can significantly improve thermal management for the cabin in modern BEVs.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141109272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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