In most manufacturing environments, data representing an object are scattered over multiple databases and shared by multiple sources. We refer to such a cooperative work environment as a multidatabase multisource (MDMS) data environment. One of the most important issues in a MDMS data environment is how to select a value for an object which has multiple records of values. We introduce a model by which optimal decision is made in terms of determining values for objects to manufacture.
{"title":"A model to optimize object management in cooperative work environment","authors":"M. Kim","doi":"10.1145/567352.567360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/567352.567360","url":null,"abstract":"In most manufacturing environments, data representing an object are scattered over multiple databases and shared by multiple sources. We refer to such a cooperative work environment as a multidatabase multisource (MDMS) data environment. One of the most important issues in a MDMS data environment is how to select a value for an object which has multiple records of values. We introduce a model by which optimal decision is made in terms of determining values for objects to manufacture.","PeriodicalId":390207,"journal":{"name":"ACM Siggroup Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114801377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
My research interest is in the role of information technology in cooperative systems. My work is grounded in ethnomethodologically informed observation-based workplace studies focussing on procedures, conventions and coordinative artefacts. Recently I have started investigating work settings characterized by a high degree of mobility. This work is part of the project "Developing a Research Methodology for Studying Mobile IT Usage and Person Mobility", that I work on with Gloria Mark.
{"title":"Conventions and articulation work in a mobile workplace","authors":"U. Christensen","doi":"10.1145/567352.567355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/567352.567355","url":null,"abstract":"My research interest is in the role of information technology in cooperative systems. My work is grounded in ethnomethodologically informed observation-based workplace studies focussing on procedures, conventions and coordinative artefacts. Recently I have started investigating work settings characterized by a high degree of mobility. This work is part of the project \"Developing a Research Methodology for Studying Mobile IT Usage and Person Mobility\", that I work on with Gloria Mark.","PeriodicalId":390207,"journal":{"name":"ACM Siggroup Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124491029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the last eight years I've worked as a long-distance teleworker from my home in Minneapolis, first for Apple Computer in California, and then for IBM in New York. In this essay I offer reflections on the nature of my workplace(s), in the hope that they may provide grist for those concerned with providing technological and organizational support for remote workers.Obviously this is a highly personal and particular account. Nevertheless, I believe that such reflections on personal experience have an important role to play in informing the ways in which the meaning of 'the workplace' is changing under the impact of new technologies. As such, this essay fits into a tradition of examinations of ways in which particular workplaces are shaped by technologies, ranging from a wide variety of studies carried out in the ethnographic tradition (e.g. [8, 9]) to more personal, reflective accounts (e.g. [1, 3]).In this essay, I work from the macro level to the micro level. I begin with the organization for which I work, and take up the complexities which emerge when I try to answer the question "Where do you work?" While one might think that at least saying where one works is a relatively simple matter, I suggest that this isn't so. Next I focus on group workplaces. In particular, I look at the meeting room, and describe an unusual experience attending a meeting via speaker phone. On the basis of this example, I suggest that while places are obviously important, something that is also important --- and much more difficult to support --- is the way in which collective interaction changes over time within a workplace. Third, I focus in on my personal workplace in my home office. I note that much of my daily activity can be viewed as movement through a trajectory of places, each which provides a different configuration of resources for collective interaction. I conclude with a discussion of my personal experiences with Loops, an online environment under development by my work group, that blends elements of group and personal workplaces.
{"title":"Here and there, now and then: four views of a long-distance teleworker's 'workplace'","authors":"T. Erickson","doi":"10.1145/567352.567354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/567352.567354","url":null,"abstract":"For the last eight years I've worked as a long-distance teleworker from my home in Minneapolis, first for Apple Computer in California, and then for IBM in New York. In this essay I offer reflections on the nature of my workplace(s), in the hope that they may provide grist for those concerned with providing technological and organizational support for remote workers.Obviously this is a highly personal and particular account. Nevertheless, I believe that such reflections on personal experience have an important role to play in informing the ways in which the meaning of 'the workplace' is changing under the impact of new technologies. As such, this essay fits into a tradition of examinations of ways in which particular workplaces are shaped by technologies, ranging from a wide variety of studies carried out in the ethnographic tradition (e.g. [8, 9]) to more personal, reflective accounts (e.g. [1, 3]).In this essay, I work from the macro level to the micro level. I begin with the organization for which I work, and take up the complexities which emerge when I try to answer the question \"Where do you work?\" While one might think that at least saying where one works is a relatively simple matter, I suggest that this isn't so. Next I focus on group workplaces. In particular, I look at the meeting room, and describe an unusual experience attending a meeting via speaker phone. On the basis of this example, I suggest that while places are obviously important, something that is also important --- and much more difficult to support --- is the way in which collective interaction changes over time within a workplace. Third, I focus in on my personal workplace in my home office. I note that much of my daily activity can be viewed as movement through a trajectory of places, each which provides a different configuration of resources for collective interaction. I conclude with a discussion of my personal experiences with Loops, an online environment under development by my work group, that blends elements of group and personal workplaces.","PeriodicalId":390207,"journal":{"name":"ACM Siggroup Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124551162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The workshop's call for participation points out the changes in work and society related to the development of new technologies, forms of work and patterns of activity. The traditional notion of workplace is challenged by the convergence and intercommunication of technological devices, as are our approaches to design and theory. I'd like to argue that this is only problematic because the traditional view is rather reductionist and simplistic. I'd like to explore a different notion of what place is, and hence workplace. This builds on and extends the discussion of space and place in CSCW by Harrison and Dourish, taking an approach based on post-structuralist semiology that takes fuller account of the interdependence of media in human activity than older HCI and CSCW People's activity continually combines and cuts across different media, interweaving those media and building up the patterns of association and use that make meaning. How people act and work is determined by the full combination of media that they can use, and hence a narrow focus on space as the paramount determinant of activity underrates the influence of other media. 'Place' is not solely determined by the physical medium of space. A person's work or activity may be influenced by the configuration of space around them and the interactions that space affords, but also by books, telephones, hypermedia, 3D computer graphics and so forth. Recent technological developments heighten or highlight a phenomenon already familiar through analysis of the effect of older media such as written text, maps and cinema. This stance is now being explored in the city project, which focuses on a treatment of the city that deliberately blurs the boundaries between physical and digital spaces. By combining mobile computers, hypermedia and virtual environments in one system, and allowing each person using each medium or combination of media to interact with people using every other medium, our system is both driven by our theoretical approach and driving the development of theory.
{"title":"Place, media and activity","authors":"M. Chalmers","doi":"10.1145/567352.567359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/567352.567359","url":null,"abstract":"The workshop's call for participation points out the changes in work and society related to the development of new technologies, forms of work and patterns of activity. The traditional notion of workplace is challenged by the convergence and intercommunication of technological devices, as are our approaches to design and theory. I'd like to argue that this is only problematic because the traditional view is rather reductionist and simplistic. I'd like to explore a different notion of what place is, and hence workplace. This builds on and extends the discussion of space and place in CSCW by Harrison and Dourish, taking an approach based on post-structuralist semiology that takes fuller account of the interdependence of media in human activity than older HCI and CSCW People's activity continually combines and cuts across different media, interweaving those media and building up the patterns of association and use that make meaning. How people act and work is determined by the full combination of media that they can use, and hence a narrow focus on space as the paramount determinant of activity underrates the influence of other media. 'Place' is not solely determined by the physical medium of space. A person's work or activity may be influenced by the configuration of space around them and the interactions that space affords, but also by books, telephones, hypermedia, 3D computer graphics and so forth. Recent technological developments heighten or highlight a phenomenon already familiar through analysis of the effect of older media such as written text, maps and cinema. This stance is now being explored in the city project, which focuses on a treatment of the city that deliberately blurs the boundaries between physical and digital spaces. By combining mobile computers, hypermedia and virtual environments in one system, and allowing each person using each medium or combination of media to interact with people using every other medium, our system is both driven by our theoretical approach and driving the development of theory.","PeriodicalId":390207,"journal":{"name":"ACM Siggroup Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114686180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wireless, portable communication devices continue to promise newer and better ways of being constantly available and in touch with information and with other people. In tandem with developments in wireless, mobile access, dreams of refashioning the world of work are woven: if we are to believe the rhetoric, work activities and communications can now take place anytime, anywhere. In this short paper, we raise a number of issues that have been appearing in common discourses of the impact of wireless technologies on the world of work, and consider the relationship of these discourses to ideas of the design of the workplace. Further, we present a summary of papers that appear in this special issue. As the papers were initially presented at a workshop held at ECSCW in Bonn in September of 2001, we present in addition an overview of the comments and discussions that took place at the workshop.
{"title":"Work/place: mobile technologies and arenas of activity","authors":"E. Churchill, Alan J. Munro","doi":"10.1145/567352.567353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/567352.567353","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless, portable communication devices continue to promise newer and better ways of being constantly available and in touch with information and with other people. In tandem with developments in wireless, mobile access, dreams of refashioning the world of work are woven: if we are to believe the rhetoric, work activities and communications can now take place anytime, anywhere. In this short paper, we raise a number of issues that have been appearing in common discourses of the impact of wireless technologies on the world of work, and consider the relationship of these discourses to ideas of the design of the workplace. Further, we present a summary of papers that appear in this special issue. As the papers were initially presented at a workshop held at ECSCW in Bonn in September of 2001, we present in addition an overview of the comments and discussions that took place at the workshop.","PeriodicalId":390207,"journal":{"name":"ACM Siggroup Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129473777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last two decades of the twentieth century we have seen various transformations in our society as a whole. In particular, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have played a critical role in this transformation process. Because of their pervasiveness and our intensive use of them, ICTs have changed our ways of living in virtually all realms of our social lives. ICT is of course not the sole factor of this transformation; various "old" technologies have also played a significant part. Modern transportation technologies, for example, have become dramatically sophisticated in terms of effectiveness and usefulness since the early twentieth century. The train and airline infrastructures are highly integrated with ICTs such as electronic reservation systems and traffic control systems. It is therefore important to recognize that the fundamental nature of technological revolution in the late twentieth century is the dynamic and complex interplay between old and new technologies and between the reconfiguration of the technological fabric and its domestication [6, 27, 32, 40].This paper concerns the concept of mobility, which manifests such a transformation of our social lives combining new and old technologies. It is now widely argued that our life styles have become increasingly mobile in the sense that the speed of transportation and hence geographical reach within a given time span is dramatically augmented by modern technological developments and sophistication such as train and airplane systems. However, in spite of the upsurge of concern with mobility in our social lives, current research perspectives define the notion of mobility quite narrowly, exclusively in terms of humans' independency from geographical constraints. For example, Makimoto and Manners [28] argue that within the next decade or so, a large part of the facilities and tools at home and in the office will be reduced enough in size to be carried, making people "geographically independent" (p. 2) and that people who use such mobile technologies, it is claimed, will be "free to live where they want and travel as much as they want" (p. 6). Their arguments for the significance of mobility, or nomadicity, are clearly confined to the corporeal characteristic of human movement freed from geographical constraints thanks to mobile computing technologies and services such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Likewise, most of research on mobility in the Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) field has been showing the same tendency [e.g. 5, 11].Considering such a confined situation of the debates on mobility looking only at human geographical movement, we reconsider in this paper the notion of mobility and try to expand our perspective towards it. To do so, we argue that "being mobile" is not just a matter of people traveling but, far more importantly, related to the interaction they perform --- the way in which they interact with each other in thei
{"title":"Expanding the 'mobility' concept","authors":"Masao Kakihara, C. Sørensen","doi":"10.1145/567352.567358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/567352.567358","url":null,"abstract":"During the last two decades of the twentieth century we have seen various transformations in our society as a whole. In particular, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have played a critical role in this transformation process. Because of their pervasiveness and our intensive use of them, ICTs have changed our ways of living in virtually all realms of our social lives. ICT is of course not the sole factor of this transformation; various \"old\" technologies have also played a significant part. Modern transportation technologies, for example, have become dramatically sophisticated in terms of effectiveness and usefulness since the early twentieth century. The train and airline infrastructures are highly integrated with ICTs such as electronic reservation systems and traffic control systems. It is therefore important to recognize that the fundamental nature of technological revolution in the late twentieth century is the dynamic and complex interplay between old and new technologies and between the reconfiguration of the technological fabric and its domestication [6, 27, 32, 40].This paper concerns the concept of mobility, which manifests such a transformation of our social lives combining new and old technologies. It is now widely argued that our life styles have become increasingly mobile in the sense that the speed of transportation and hence geographical reach within a given time span is dramatically augmented by modern technological developments and sophistication such as train and airplane systems. However, in spite of the upsurge of concern with mobility in our social lives, current research perspectives define the notion of mobility quite narrowly, exclusively in terms of humans' independency from geographical constraints. For example, Makimoto and Manners [28] argue that within the next decade or so, a large part of the facilities and tools at home and in the office will be reduced enough in size to be carried, making people \"geographically independent\" (p. 2) and that people who use such mobile technologies, it is claimed, will be \"free to live where they want and travel as much as they want\" (p. 6). Their arguments for the significance of mobility, or nomadicity, are clearly confined to the corporeal characteristic of human movement freed from geographical constraints thanks to mobile computing technologies and services such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Likewise, most of research on mobility in the Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) field has been showing the same tendency [e.g. 5, 11].Considering such a confined situation of the debates on mobility looking only at human geographical movement, we reconsider in this paper the notion of mobility and try to expand our perspective towards it. To do so, we argue that \"being mobile\" is not just a matter of people traveling but, far more importantly, related to the interaction they perform --- the way in which they interact with each other in thei","PeriodicalId":390207,"journal":{"name":"ACM Siggroup Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131284091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The uptake of mobile phones in the UK has increased exponentially in the past two years, indicating that a wider range of users are now utilising mobile technologies in different contexts than ever before. Still little is known about how mobile technologies are used amongst different populations in specific contexts and this research addresses the context of work use by blue-collar workers with an aim to augmenting this with new mobile technologies better suited to their informational and communicative needs.Most of the current public domain research into mobile device use practice concentrates primarily on professional workers (the ubiquitous 'mobile professional') and 'knowledge workers' (e.g. Bellotti and Bly, 1996; O'Hara et al. 2001). It seeks to discover how mobile technology, particularly Personal Digital Assistants (PDA's) and 'communicators', can be designed to help mobile professionals retain a sense of awareness of their workplace and work colleagues while they are away from their traditional workplaces. To a lesser extent, 'teens' (Ling, 2000) using SMS/text messaging and novice users (e.g. Palen, 2000) are also examined, but there is very little understanding of the nature of other, and equally as important (in terms of the numbers of users and their importance to the economy), less well represented user groups.
在过去的两年里，英国的手机使用量呈指数级增长，这表明现在比以往任何时候都有更广泛的用户在不同的环境中使用移动技术。对于移动技术是如何在特定环境下被不同人群使用的，我们所知甚少，本研究针对蓝领工人的工作环境，旨在通过更适合他们信息和交流需求的新移动技术来扩大这一范围。目前大多数关于移动设备使用实践的公共领域研究主要集中在专业工作者(无处不在的“移动专业人员”)和“知识工作者”(例如Bellotti和Bly, 1996;O'Hara et al. 2001)。它旨在发现如何设计移动技术，特别是个人数字助理(PDA)和“通信器”，以帮助移动专业人员在离开传统工作场所时保持对工作场所和同事的意识。在较小程度上，使用短信/短信的“青少年”(Ling, 2000)和新手用户(例如Palen, 2000)也进行了调查，但对其他同样重要的(就用户数量及其对经济的重要性而言)，代表性较差的用户群体的性质了解甚少。
{"title":"Designing for mobility, collaboration and information use by blue-collar workers","authors":"J. Brodie, Mark J. Perry","doi":"10.1145/567352.567356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/567352.567356","url":null,"abstract":"The uptake of mobile phones in the UK has increased exponentially in the past two years, indicating that a wider range of users are now utilising mobile technologies in different contexts than ever before. Still little is known about how mobile technologies are used amongst different populations in specific contexts and this research addresses the context of work use by blue-collar workers with an aim to augmenting this with new mobile technologies better suited to their informational and communicative needs.Most of the current public domain research into mobile device use practice concentrates primarily on professional workers (the ubiquitous 'mobile professional') and 'knowledge workers' (e.g. Bellotti and Bly, 1996; O'Hara et al. 2001). It seeks to discover how mobile technology, particularly Personal Digital Assistants (PDA's) and 'communicators', can be designed to help mobile professionals retain a sense of awareness of their workplace and work colleagues while they are away from their traditional workplaces. To a lesser extent, 'teens' (Ling, 2000) using SMS/text messaging and novice users (e.g. Palen, 2000) are also examined, but there is very little understanding of the nature of other, and equally as important (in terms of the numbers of users and their importance to the economy), less well represented user groups.","PeriodicalId":390207,"journal":{"name":"ACM Siggroup Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129789611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concerning the development and adoption of the computer-based patient record (CPR), an unsolved problem is still the approach that should be taken to construct a highly configurable, generic CPR. The first step in finding such an approach, is the identification of generic activity patterns. These are considered to be helpful in the identification of components. We identified twelve generic activity patterns in the interaction between a patient and a care-cluster.
{"title":"Activity patterns in health care: identifying building blocks for the CPR","authors":"Nathalie Habing, J. Dietz, B. Zwetsloot-Schonk","doi":"10.1145/605676.605678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/605676.605678","url":null,"abstract":"Concerning the development and adoption of the computer-based patient record (CPR), an unsolved problem is still the approach that should be taken to construct a highly configurable, generic CPR. The first step in finding such an approach, is the identification of generic activity patterns. These are considered to be helpful in the identification of components. We identified twelve generic activity patterns in the interaction between a patient and a care-cluster.","PeriodicalId":390207,"journal":{"name":"ACM Siggroup Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115376783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the design and use of a web-based application-"virtual dialectic"-created to facilitate learning from experience among distributed participants who are also engaged in work. The approach taken in developing this application embraces the observation that language is a form of action and the importance of technological design in helping people manage "break down" in ongoing activities [1]. The virtual dialectic, unlike many CSCW systems, is not designed to directly support the conduct of some particular work practice. Instead, the application addresses how people make sense of communication at work and in professional life with the goal of helping individuals develop their self-understanding and identity as professionals. The application draws users attention to aspects of organizational action they might otherwise take for granted by providing "micro" and "macro" tools for participants to orchestrate their distant interaction as a type of reflective dialogue.The virtual dialectic application is an interesting case for those interested in the language action perspective on communication modeling because this application explores, essentially, how to articulate cooperation at conflict. Such a design goal may, on its face, seem odd since many CSCW systems are geared toward the achievement of consensus and intersubjectivity among users. Alterity, disagreement, and conflict, however, are important collaborative achievements that contribute to learning, decision-making, and innovation processes.This paper has two parts. First, the key aspects of the virtual dialectic application are described relative to the background assumptions, and the context of development, that inform its design. This section outlines the rationale for framing design as the management of disagreement rather than the management of consensus. The broader design assumptions, requirements, and procedures of the virtual dialectic are described in derail elsewhere [2]. Second, an example of online interaction using the virtual dialectic is discussed to illustrate the complex ways in which participants avoid and express opposition. The main purpose is to explore the important puzzle managing disagreement presents for designing systems to support processes such as learning and deliberation.
{"title":"Designing reflective dialogue to support learning from experience","authors":"Mark Aakhus","doi":"10.1145/605676.605681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/605676.605681","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the design and use of a web-based application-\"virtual dialectic\"-created to facilitate learning from experience among distributed participants who are also engaged in work. The approach taken in developing this application embraces the observation that language is a form of action and the importance of technological design in helping people manage \"break down\" in ongoing activities [1]. The virtual dialectic, unlike many CSCW systems, is not designed to directly support the conduct of some particular work practice. Instead, the application addresses how people make sense of communication at work and in professional life with the goal of helping individuals develop their self-understanding and identity as professionals. The application draws users attention to aspects of organizational action they might otherwise take for granted by providing \"micro\" and \"macro\" tools for participants to orchestrate their distant interaction as a type of reflective dialogue.The virtual dialectic application is an interesting case for those interested in the language action perspective on communication modeling because this application explores, essentially, how to articulate cooperation at conflict. Such a design goal may, on its face, seem odd since many CSCW systems are geared toward the achievement of consensus and intersubjectivity among users. Alterity, disagreement, and conflict, however, are important collaborative achievements that contribute to learning, decision-making, and innovation processes.This paper has two parts. First, the key aspects of the virtual dialectic application are described relative to the background assumptions, and the context of development, that inform its design. This section outlines the rationale for framing design as the management of disagreement rather than the management of consensus. The broader design assumptions, requirements, and procedures of the virtual dialectic are described in derail elsewhere [2]. Second, an example of online interaction using the virtual dialectic is discussed to illustrate the complex ways in which participants avoid and express opposition. The main purpose is to explore the important puzzle managing disagreement presents for designing systems to support processes such as learning and deliberation.","PeriodicalId":390207,"journal":{"name":"ACM Siggroup Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126680223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a meta-communication model for discursive construction of communication action patterns that may be part of an information system which supports communication and cooperation in virtual intercultural communities. The paper also provides a brief review of previous ideas on meta-communication from the language action perspective.
{"title":"A meta-communication model for structuring intercultural communication action patterns","authors":"F. Yetim","doi":"10.1145/605676.605679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/605676.605679","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a meta-communication model for discursive construction of communication action patterns that may be part of an information system which supports communication and cooperation in virtual intercultural communities. The paper also provides a brief review of previous ideas on meta-communication from the language action perspective.","PeriodicalId":390207,"journal":{"name":"ACM Siggroup Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134048098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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