Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.27564
Francisco Palmero, S. Hang, E. I. Lucini, Ezequiel Darío Bigatton, V. Davidenco, M. Díaz-Zorita
RESUMEN Azospirillum spp. y Pseudomonas spp. son rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal que mejoran el crecimiento y la productividad de los cultivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los efectos de Azospirillum brasilense y de Pseudomonas psychrophila sobre el crecimiento inicial de trigo según condiciones contrastantes de fertilidad. El estudio se realizó en condiciones controladas de crecimiento combinando la inoculación con la fertilización con P y K en un sustrato estéril. Se evaluó el largo de raíces a los 10 días después de la siembra (DDS) y la acumulación de biomasa aérea y radicular a los 10 y a los 40 DDS. A los 10 DDS los tratamientos inoculados presentaron en promedio un aumento del 8 % en el largo de las radículas, mientras que la biomasa total aumentó 6,3 % al inocular con A. brasilense y 4,9 % al inocular con P. psychrophila. A los 40 DDS, ambas rizobacterias aumentaron el crecimiento de las raíces en 21 %. En ambos momentos de evaluación, la acumulación de biomasa fue independiente de la fertilidad del sustrato, lo que sugiere que la presencia de A. brasilense y de P. psychrophila fue relevante durante la implantación y el crecimiento inicial del cultivo.
{"title":"Modificaciones en el crecimiento temprano de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) en presencia de Azospirillum brasilense y de Pseudomonas psychrophila","authors":"Francisco Palmero, S. Hang, E. I. Lucini, Ezequiel Darío Bigatton, V. Davidenco, M. Díaz-Zorita","doi":"10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.27564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.27564","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN Azospirillum spp. y Pseudomonas spp. son rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal que mejoran el crecimiento y la productividad de los cultivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los efectos de Azospirillum brasilense y de Pseudomonas psychrophila sobre el crecimiento inicial de trigo según condiciones contrastantes de fertilidad. El estudio se realizó en condiciones controladas de crecimiento combinando la inoculación con la fertilización con P y K en un sustrato estéril. Se evaluó el largo de raíces a los 10 días después de la siembra (DDS) y la acumulación de biomasa aérea y radicular a los 10 y a los 40 DDS. A los 10 DDS los tratamientos inoculados presentaron en promedio un aumento del 8 % en el largo de las radículas, mientras que la biomasa total aumentó 6,3 % al inocular con A. brasilense y 4,9 % al inocular con P. psychrophila. A los 40 DDS, ambas rizobacterias aumentaron el crecimiento de las raíces en 21 %. En ambos momentos de evaluación, la acumulación de biomasa fue independiente de la fertilidad del sustrato, lo que sugiere que la presencia de A. brasilense y de P. psychrophila fue relevante durante la implantación y el crecimiento inicial del cultivo.","PeriodicalId":39278,"journal":{"name":"AgriScientia","volume":"37 1","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48349734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.27514
E. J. Jacobo, Natalia Cadaviz, M. C. Vecchio, Adriana M. Rodríguez
RESUMEN Se comparó el balance de gases efecto invernadero (GEI) de dos modelos de producción ganadera de la cuenca del río Salado, provincia de Buenos Aires. Uno, caracterizado por el uso predominante de pastizal natural en buena condición debido al pastoreo controlado (MP 1), y otro por una mayor superficie de pasturas y cultivos forrajeros, mayor carga animal y producción de carne (MP 2). Se estimaron las emisiones primarias según el IPCC (Panel Intergubernamental del Cambio Climático). Al balance de GEI se incorporaron las estimaciones de las emisiones secundarias y de la ganancia o pérdida de carbono del suelo. Las emisiones resultaron mayores en el MP 2 que en el MP 1 (4500 vs 2273 kg CO2 eq. ha -1año-1 respectivamente, p<0,01). El MP 1 secuestró carbono como carbono orgánico del suelo a una tasa de 1851 kg CO2 eq. ha -1 año-1, mientras que el MP 2 emitió carbono a una tasa de 601 kg CO2 eq. ha -1 año-1. El balance de GEI fue diez veces más negativo en el MP 2 que en el MP 1, cuyo balance resultó neutro. Los sistemas pastoriles de esta región con predominio de pastizal natural bajo pastoreo controlado pueden mitigar los efectos del cambio climático.
{"title":"Estimación del balance de gases de efecto invernadero en sistemas de producción ganadera de la cuenca del río Salado","authors":"E. J. Jacobo, Natalia Cadaviz, M. C. Vecchio, Adriana M. Rodríguez","doi":"10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.27514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.27514","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMEN Se comparó el balance de gases efecto invernadero (GEI) de dos modelos de producción ganadera de la cuenca del río Salado, provincia de Buenos Aires. Uno, caracterizado por el uso predominante de pastizal natural en buena condición debido al pastoreo controlado (MP 1), y otro por una mayor superficie de pasturas y cultivos forrajeros, mayor carga animal y producción de carne (MP 2). Se estimaron las emisiones primarias según el IPCC (Panel Intergubernamental del Cambio Climático). Al balance de GEI se incorporaron las estimaciones de las emisiones secundarias y de la ganancia o pérdida de carbono del suelo. Las emisiones resultaron mayores en el MP 2 que en el MP 1 (4500 vs 2273 kg CO2 eq. ha -1año-1 respectivamente, p<0,01). El MP 1 secuestró carbono como carbono orgánico del suelo a una tasa de 1851 kg CO2 eq. ha -1 año-1, mientras que el MP 2 emitió carbono a una tasa de 601 kg CO2 eq. ha -1 año-1. El balance de GEI fue diez veces más negativo en el MP 2 que en el MP 1, cuyo balance resultó neutro. Los sistemas pastoriles de esta región con predominio de pastizal natural bajo pastoreo controlado pueden mitigar los efectos del cambio climático.","PeriodicalId":39278,"journal":{"name":"AgriScientia","volume":"37 1","pages":"15-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48915096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.25427
M. G. Barrionuevo, Eloisa Monje, M. Enrico, L. Ryan, C. M. Asensio, V. Nepote, N. Grosso
The objective of this work was to study the effect of the addition of polyphenolic peanut skin extracts (PSE) and oregano essential oil (OEO) on the microbiological, chemical, and sensory properties of frankfurter-type sausages during storage. Seven treatments were prepared: control sample (C: without additives); sausage with commercial additives (F); with OEO (O); with Runner PSE (R); with Virginia PSE (V); with OEO and Runner PSE (OR), and with OEO and Virginia PSE (OV). Consumer tests and general composition analysis were performed on the fresh products (sausages without storage). Sausages were stored at 4 °C during 37 days and samples were extracted at days 0, 12, 23, and 37 for microbiological, chemical (peroxide value and conjugated dienes), and sensory descriptive analysis. All sausages had low fat content (3.36 g/100g) and good colour, flavour and texture acceptance scores by consumers (between 57 on a 9-point hedonic scale). The absence of commercial additives (nitrite, nitrate, and other compounds) affected the sausage characteristic colour, reducing the consumer’s acceptance. The treatments with natural additives had less microbiological and chemical deterioration compared to control sample. The results suggest peanut skin extracts and oregano essential oil can replace commercial additives as preservatives in sausages.
{"title":"Incorporation of polyphenolic peanut skin extracts and oregano essential oil into frankfurter-type sausage: effects on properties and shelf life","authors":"M. G. Barrionuevo, Eloisa Monje, M. Enrico, L. Ryan, C. M. Asensio, V. Nepote, N. Grosso","doi":"10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.25427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.25427","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to study the effect of the addition of polyphenolic peanut skin extracts (PSE) and oregano essential oil (OEO) on the microbiological, chemical, and sensory properties of frankfurter-type sausages during storage. Seven treatments were prepared: control sample (C: without additives); sausage with commercial additives (F); with OEO (O); with Runner PSE (R); with Virginia PSE (V); with OEO and Runner PSE (OR), and with OEO and Virginia PSE (OV). Consumer tests and general composition analysis were performed on the fresh products (sausages without storage). Sausages were stored at 4 °C during 37 days and samples were extracted at days 0, 12, 23, and 37 for microbiological, chemical (peroxide value and conjugated dienes), and sensory descriptive analysis. All sausages had low fat content (3.36 g/100g) and good colour, flavour and texture acceptance scores by consumers (between 57 on a 9-point hedonic scale). The absence of commercial additives (nitrite, nitrate, and other compounds) affected the sausage characteristic colour, reducing the consumer’s acceptance. The treatments with natural additives had less microbiological and chemical deterioration compared to control sample. The results suggest peanut skin extracts and oregano essential oil can replace commercial additives as preservatives in sausages.","PeriodicalId":39278,"journal":{"name":"AgriScientia","volume":"37 1","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47078305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.28068
M. Karlin, A. Cora, J. Bernasconi Salazar, S. Arnulphi
Para evaluar la revegetación natural como estrategia de restauración debe comprenderse la dinámica, estructura y regeneración de las comunidades vegetales. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los cambios en la estructura forestal de comunidades vegetales del centro de Córdoba, su dinámica y regeneración en el lapso de seis años, evaluando el efecto del ganado y las precipitaciones. En 16 sitios de la Reserva Natural de la Defensa La Calera se relevaron especies forestales y su regeneración (2013, 2016, 2019) en cuatro comunidades vegetales diferentes. Se excluyó el ganado vacuno de siete sitios y en los nueve restantes estuvo presente en bajas cargas (~12 ha EV-1). Se calcularon los índices de precipitación estandarizados locales. La exclusión del ganado no se tradujo en mayor regeneración. En las comunidades se observó una evolución positiva hacia la madurez, siendo las más dinámicas las de Sebastiania. En las áreas deforestadas, Geoffroea decorticans y Schinus fasciculatus presentan una importante tasa de sobrevida y velocidad de crecimiento. En comunidades de Vachellia y Schinopsis la regeneración sigue la dinámica de las precipitaciones. De acuerdo a los resultados, la revegetación pasiva es una estrategia importante de recuperación en ambientes naturales y semi-naturales del centro de Córdoba.
为了评估自然植被作为一种恢复战略，必须了解植物群落的动态、结构和再生。这项工作的目的是分析科尔多瓦中部植物群落森林结构的变化、动态和六年来的更新，评估牲畜和降雨的影响。在La Calera国防自然保护区的16个地点，在四个不同的植物群落中恢复了森林物种及其再生（2013年、2016年、2019年）。牛被排除在7个地点之外，其余9个地点的负荷较低（~12 ha EV-1）。计算了当地标准化降水指数。将牲畜排除在外并没有导致更多的再生。在社区中，观察到了走向成熟的积极发展，其中塞巴斯蒂安最具活力。在森林砍伐地区，脱皮Geoffroea和Schinus fasciculatus的存活率和生长速度很高。在Vachellia和Schinopsis社区，再生遵循降雨动态。根据结果，被动植被恢复是科尔多瓦中部自然和半自然环境中的一项重要恢复战略。
{"title":"Dinámica a mediano plazo de la revegetación natural de comunidades forestales del centro de Córdoba (Argentina)","authors":"M. Karlin, A. Cora, J. Bernasconi Salazar, S. Arnulphi","doi":"10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.28068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.28068","url":null,"abstract":"Para evaluar la revegetación natural como estrategia de restauración debe comprenderse la dinámica, estructura y regeneración de las comunidades vegetales. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los cambios en la estructura forestal de comunidades vegetales del centro de Córdoba, su dinámica y regeneración en el lapso de seis años, evaluando el efecto del ganado y las precipitaciones. En 16 sitios de la Reserva Natural de la Defensa La Calera se relevaron especies forestales y su regeneración (2013, 2016, 2019) en cuatro comunidades vegetales diferentes. Se excluyó el ganado vacuno de siete sitios y en los nueve restantes estuvo presente en bajas cargas (~12 ha EV-1). Se calcularon los índices de precipitación estandarizados locales. La exclusión del ganado no se tradujo en mayor regeneración. En las comunidades se observó una evolución positiva hacia la madurez, siendo las más dinámicas las de Sebastiania. En las áreas deforestadas, Geoffroea decorticans y Schinus fasciculatus presentan una importante tasa de sobrevida y velocidad de crecimiento. En comunidades de Vachellia y Schinopsis la regeneración sigue la dinámica de las precipitaciones. De acuerdo a los resultados, la revegetación pasiva es una estrategia importante de recuperación en ambientes naturales y semi-naturales del centro de Córdoba.","PeriodicalId":39278,"journal":{"name":"AgriScientia","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49640567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.24402
G. Serra, E. Trumper
Diatraea saccharalis es una plaga clave del cultivo de maíz en la región pampeana argentina. Los umbrales económicos que se utilizan no están basados en un cálculo actual del nivel de daño económico. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: caracterizar la relación existente entre presión de infestación de D. saccharalis y rendimiento del cultivo de maíz, y calcular niveles de daño económico en distintas situaciones de desarrollo del cultivo. Se realizó un ensayo con el híbrido DK696 con riego e infestación natural, siguiendo un diseño experimental de parcelas divididas con cinco fechas de siembra y distintas ventanas de protección al cultivo. El rendimiento mostró una relación lineal con la intensidad de daño medida como número de entrenudos barrenados por larvas grandes. La actividad de las larvas se concentra en el estrato medio e inferior de la planta, independientemente de la fecha de siembra y del estado fenológico en que comenzó el ataque. El daño en el tercio medio de las plantas mostró la mayor influencia en la determinación del rendimiento, seguido por el estrato inferior, mientras que daños en el estrato superior no afectaron el rendimiento. Se proponen niveles de daño económico para distintos escenarios de desarrollo del cultivo.
{"title":"Incidencia del barrenador del tallo Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) sobre el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz y cálculo de niveles de daño económicos","authors":"G. Serra, E. Trumper","doi":"10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.24402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v37.n1.24402","url":null,"abstract":"Diatraea saccharalis es una plaga clave del cultivo de maíz en la región pampeana argentina. Los umbrales económicos que se utilizan no están basados en un cálculo actual del nivel de daño económico. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: caracterizar la relación existente entre presión de infestación de D. saccharalis y rendimiento del cultivo de maíz, y calcular niveles de daño económico en distintas situaciones de desarrollo del cultivo. Se realizó un ensayo con el híbrido DK696 con riego e infestación natural, siguiendo un diseño experimental de parcelas divididas con cinco fechas de siembra y distintas ventanas de protección al cultivo. El rendimiento mostró una relación lineal con la intensidad de daño medida como número de entrenudos barrenados por larvas grandes. La actividad de las larvas se concentra en el estrato medio e inferior de la planta, independientemente de la fecha de siembra y del estado fenológico en que comenzó el ataque. El daño en el tercio medio de las plantas mostró la mayor influencia en la determinación del rendimiento, seguido por el estrato inferior, mientras que daños en el estrato superior no afectaron el rendimiento. Se proponen niveles de daño económico para distintos escenarios de desarrollo del cultivo.","PeriodicalId":39278,"journal":{"name":"AgriScientia","volume":"37 1","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42256190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.24833
C. G. Agüero
El objetivo del estudio fue establecer lineamientos para realizar el test de viabilidad de semillas por tetrazolio en Cenchrus ciliaris utilizando los protocolos de Panicum (ISTA, 2012). Se trabajó con fascículos (unidad de dispersión) de Cenchrus ciliaris del cultivar Texas de los cuales se extrajeron cariópsides para realizar los ensayos. Se determinó el método apropiado de corte de cariópsides y los tiempos de tinción; se probaron dos concentraciones de solución de tetrazolio. Además, se desarrollaron protocolos de evaluación. Las condiciones adecuadas para realizar el test de viabilidad son: 18 h de humedecimiento entre papel a temperatura de 20 °C; corte longitudinal incompleto a través del embrión; concentración de tetrazolio al 0,5 o 1 % y 10 h de tinción a 30 °C. Los mapas de tinción permiten diferenciar de forma precisa la viabilidad de las cariópsides.
{"title":"Ajuste de las especificaciones técnicas del test de viabilidad por tetrazolio en semillas de Cenchrus ciliaris L. (buffel grass)","authors":"C. G. Agüero","doi":"10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.24833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.24833","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo del estudio fue establecer lineamientos para realizar el test de viabilidad de semillas por tetrazolio en Cenchrus ciliaris utilizando los protocolos de Panicum (ISTA, 2012). Se trabajó con fascículos (unidad de dispersión) de Cenchrus ciliaris del cultivar Texas de los cuales se extrajeron cariópsides para realizar los ensayos. Se determinó el método apropiado de corte de cariópsides y los tiempos de tinción; se probaron dos concentraciones de solución de tetrazolio. Además, se desarrollaron protocolos de evaluación. Las condiciones adecuadas para realizar el test de viabilidad son: 18 h de humedecimiento entre papel a temperatura de 20 °C; corte longitudinal incompleto a través del embrión; concentración de tetrazolio al 0,5 o 1 % y 10 h de tinción a 30 °C. Los mapas de tinción permiten diferenciar de forma precisa la viabilidad de las cariópsides.","PeriodicalId":39278,"journal":{"name":"AgriScientia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.24833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43069117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.31047/1668.298X.V36.N2.23599
F. Morla, Ó. Giayetto, E. M. Fernandez, G. Cerioni
Assimilate partitioning into reproductive structures is a relevant physiological feature in increasing peanut yield, and its analysis through the source-sink relationship is an important contribution to genetic improvement and crop management. The objective was to analyze the source-sink relationship of runner-type cultivars grown in Argentina. Two field experiments were performed, Exp1 consisted in the analysis of the cultivar Granoleico in three sowing dates during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. In Exp2, six runner-type cultivars (Florunner, Florman, Manigran, Asem-485, Pepe-Asem and Granoleico) were sown during 2011-2012. The source-sink relationship was analyzed using two methodologies: total biomass assigned to each pod during pod filling period (g pod-1) in relation to its final weight, and analysis of the trade-off between pod number and pod weight at harvest. The lack of trade-off between pod number and weight showed that the peanut plant has conditions to fill a wide number of pods (20-57 pods plant-1) in the same way. Also, the average pod weight (1.05 g) was lower than the total plant biomass assigned to that pod during its formation (2.63 g). A marked limitation by sinks was determined, indicating the possibility of to increase the peanut yield by means of improvements in sinks size.
{"title":"Relación fuente-destino en cultivares de maní tipo runner (Arachis hypogaea L.) sembrados en Argentina","authors":"F. Morla, Ó. Giayetto, E. M. Fernandez, G. Cerioni","doi":"10.31047/1668.298X.V36.N2.23599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298X.V36.N2.23599","url":null,"abstract":"Assimilate partitioning into reproductive structures is a relevant physiological feature in increasing peanut yield, and its analysis through the source-sink relationship is an important contribution to genetic improvement and crop management. The objective was to analyze the source-sink relationship of runner-type cultivars grown in Argentina. Two field experiments were performed, Exp1 consisted in the analysis of the cultivar Granoleico in three sowing dates during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. In Exp2, six runner-type cultivars (Florunner, Florman, Manigran, Asem-485, Pepe-Asem and Granoleico) were sown during 2011-2012. The source-sink relationship was analyzed using two methodologies: total biomass assigned to each pod during pod filling period (g pod-1) in relation to its final weight, and analysis of the trade-off between pod number and pod weight at harvest. The lack of trade-off between pod number and weight showed that the peanut plant has conditions to fill a wide number of pods (20-57 pods plant-1) in the same way. Also, the average pod weight (1.05 g) was lower than the total plant biomass assigned to that pod during its formation (2.63 g). A marked limitation by sinks was determined, indicating the possibility of to increase the peanut yield by means of improvements in sinks size.","PeriodicalId":39278,"journal":{"name":"AgriScientia","volume":"36 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48211926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.19093
Victor Merani, Matilde Mur, Federico Ramirez, M. J. Ponce, Facundo Guilino, Telmo Palancar
Pesticide spraying is the most widespread form of pest control. Spraying is a complex process, from the agronomic and environmental point of view. A field trial was carried out, to evaluate the effect of three agrochemical application techniques. In all of them, an air-induced flat fan was used, with different application rates, sprayer speeds and noozle spacing. Three techniques were defined: T1 (57 l ha-1, 18 km h-1 and 0,35 m), T2 (28,7 l ha-1, 18 km h-1 and 0,70 m) and T3 (57 l ha-1, 9 km h-1 and 0,70 m. To assess the techniques, water-sensitive cards were placed on the ground in vertical columns, to measure the quality of application, sedimenting spray drift and cumulative airborne spray drift. The three techniques were similar in application quality but T1 reached a greater coverage. Regarding the airborne drift factor, T2 presented significant differences with respect to the other two techniques, which leads to the conclusion that higher speeds, larger noozle space and lower application rates increase airborne drift. There were no differences in sedimenting drift. Operational variables affect environmental risks regardless of the drop size produced.
喷洒农药是最普遍的害虫防治方式。从农学和环境的角度来看，喷雾是一个复杂的过程。进行了田间试验，评价了三种农药施用技术的效果。在所有这些试验中，都使用了空气诱导平板风扇，具有不同的应用速率、喷雾器速度和喷嘴间距。定义了三种技术：T1（57 l ha-1，18 km h-1和0,35 m）、T2（28,7 l ha-1、18 km h-2和0,70 m）和T3（57 l ha-1，9 km h-1，0,70 m。为了评估技术，在地面上垂直放置了水敏卡，以测量应用质量、沉降喷雾漂移和累积空气喷雾漂移。这三种技术在应用质量上相似，但T1达到了更大的覆盖范围。关于空气漂移因子，T2与其他两种技术存在显著差异，这导致了更高的速度、更大的喷嘴空间和更低的应用率会增加空气漂移的结论。沉降漂移没有差异。操作变量会影响环境风险，而与产生的液滴大小无关。
{"title":"Efecto de variables operativas sobre la calidad de aplicación y la deriva en la pulverización de agroquímicos","authors":"Victor Merani, Matilde Mur, Federico Ramirez, M. J. Ponce, Facundo Guilino, Telmo Palancar","doi":"10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.19093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.19093","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide spraying is the most widespread form of pest control. Spraying is a complex process, from the agronomic and environmental point of view. A field trial was carried out, to evaluate the effect of three agrochemical application techniques. In all of them, an air-induced flat fan was used, with different application rates, sprayer speeds and noozle spacing. Three techniques were defined: T1 (57 l ha-1, 18 km h-1 and 0,35 m), T2 (28,7 l ha-1, 18 km h-1 and 0,70 m) and T3 (57 l ha-1, 9 km h-1 and 0,70 m. To assess the techniques, water-sensitive cards were placed on the ground in vertical columns, to measure the quality of application, sedimenting spray drift and cumulative airborne spray drift. The three techniques were similar in application quality but T1 reached a greater coverage. Regarding the airborne drift factor, T2 presented significant differences with respect to the other two techniques, which leads to the conclusion that higher speeds, larger noozle space and lower application rates increase airborne drift. There were no differences in sedimenting drift. Operational variables affect environmental risks regardless of the drop size produced.","PeriodicalId":39278,"journal":{"name":"AgriScientia","volume":"36 1","pages":"45-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41598839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-24DOI: 10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.20629
L. C. Pereira, T. C. Matera, A. Braccini, Andreia Kazumi Sukukawa, Danilo Cesar Volpato Marteli, L. V. Correia
This study aimed at evaluating, during storage, the yield components and germination of the soybean crop based on seeds industrially treated with mineral- biological fertilizer containing amino acids. To achieve this, the experiment was carried out by using a completely randomized experimental design with the treatments arranged in subdivided plots, with four replications. The plots included the industrial seed treatments (IST), while the storage periods (0 and 45 days) were allocated to the subplots. The following characteristics were assessed: germination, initial stand, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pods, number of lateral branches per plant, thousand-seed mass and yield. Under the conditions tested, the storage period contributed to a reduction in the agronomic parameters herein assessed, especially considering the control. However, compared to the seeds submitted only to the standard IST and, especially in relation to the untreated seeds (control), the use of biostimulant fertilizer in the industrial treatment enabled an increase in the agronomic characteristics during storage.
{"title":"Soybean yield and performance in response to the industrial seed treatment with biostimulant fertilizer","authors":"L. C. Pereira, T. C. Matera, A. Braccini, Andreia Kazumi Sukukawa, Danilo Cesar Volpato Marteli, L. V. Correia","doi":"10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.20629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.20629","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at evaluating, during storage, the yield components and germination of the soybean crop based on seeds industrially treated with mineral- biological fertilizer containing amino acids. To achieve this, the experiment was carried out by using a completely randomized experimental design with the treatments arranged in subdivided plots, with four replications. The plots included the industrial seed treatments (IST), while the storage periods (0 and 45 days) were allocated to the subplots. The following characteristics were assessed: germination, initial stand, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pods, number of lateral branches per plant, thousand-seed mass and yield. Under the conditions tested, the storage period contributed to a reduction in the agronomic parameters herein assessed, especially considering the control. However, compared to the seeds submitted only to the standard IST and, especially in relation to the untreated seeds (control), the use of biostimulant fertilizer in the industrial treatment enabled an increase in the agronomic characteristics during storage.","PeriodicalId":39278,"journal":{"name":"AgriScientia","volume":"36 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.20629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48829479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-24DOI: 10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.24036
R. Ordoñez-Araque, Christian Narváez-Aldáz
The food industry aims at offering food that provides not only nutritional but also functional properties. Celery has been used for a long time, but its bioactive compounds have remained unknown. The objective of this research is to measure the changes in the physical and chemical characteristics, total polyphenols (TP) and antioxidant activity (AA) after applying hot air dehydration (DA) and lyophilization (LF) with two different cut types: rod-shaped (R) and sliced (S). It was found that dehydration treatments can enhance some characteristics in celery. When comparing the results, the treatment of (LF-S) presented the best characteristics with less water activity, 46 % of total dietary fiber constituted by 41 % of insoluble fiber and 5 % soluble fiber, 377.69 mg GAE/100g in total polyphenol content and an antioxidant activity of 82.17 μmol TE/100g. These results allow to conclude that celery is a raw material with functional attributes and that it can be industrialized with dehydration technologies, which will enable a long useful life for its bioactive compounds.
{"title":"Changes in the psysical-chemical composition, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of fresh celery (Apium graveolens L.) dehydrated by hot air and by lyophilization","authors":"R. Ordoñez-Araque, Christian Narváez-Aldáz","doi":"10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.24036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31047/1668.298x.v36.n2.24036","url":null,"abstract":"The food industry aims at offering food that provides not only nutritional but also functional properties. Celery has been used for a long time, but its bioactive compounds have remained unknown. The objective of this research is to measure the changes in the physical and chemical characteristics, total polyphenols (TP) and antioxidant activity (AA) after applying hot air dehydration (DA) and lyophilization (LF) with two different cut types: rod-shaped (R) and sliced (S). It was found that dehydration treatments can enhance some characteristics in celery. When comparing the results, the treatment of (LF-S) presented the best characteristics with less water activity, 46 % of total dietary fiber constituted by 41 % of insoluble fiber and 5 % soluble fiber, 377.69 mg GAE/100g in total polyphenol content and an antioxidant activity of 82.17 μmol TE/100g. These results allow to conclude that celery is a raw material with functional attributes and that it can be industrialized with dehydration technologies, which will enable a long useful life for its bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":39278,"journal":{"name":"AgriScientia","volume":"36 1","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44421635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：