Klev Gaïtan Sikam, Liliane Clotilde Dzouemo, G. Happi, J. Wansi
Pycnanthus angolensis, widely known under its trade name "ilomba", is a medicinal plant from the family Myristicaceae that has occupied a prominent place in African traditional medicine for several decades; its broad application to treat numerous diseases, including malaria, bacterial infections and most recently COVID-19. The various chemical studies undertaken on the plant identified many classes of specialized compounds, including quinone-terpenoids, lignans and isoflavonoids, as the most abundant and bioactive components. The plant is defined as a major asset in developing new potent drugs and deserves further investigation in this regard. This mini-review aims to compile the newly documented findings on the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of P. angolensis over the last decade from 2012 to 2021. In this regard, a literature search using the keyword Pycnanthus has been done without language restriction in numerous online libraries, including Scifinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, and only papers on Pycnanthus angolensis published after 2011 have been exploited during the writing.
{"title":"Recent Advances on Pharmacology and Chemistry of Pycnanthus angolensis over the last decade (2012-2021)","authors":"Klev Gaïtan Sikam, Liliane Clotilde Dzouemo, G. Happi, J. Wansi","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/145487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/145487","url":null,"abstract":"Pycnanthus angolensis, widely known under its trade name \"ilomba\", is a medicinal plant from the family Myristicaceae that has occupied a prominent place in African traditional medicine for several decades; its broad application to treat numerous diseases, including malaria, bacterial infections and most recently COVID-19. The various chemical studies undertaken on the plant identified many classes of specialized compounds, including quinone-terpenoids, lignans and isoflavonoids, as the most abundant and bioactive components. The plant is defined as a major asset in developing new potent drugs and deserves further investigation in this regard. This mini-review aims to compile the newly documented findings on the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of P. angolensis over the last decade from 2012 to 2021. In this regard, a literature search using the keyword Pycnanthus has been done without language restriction in numerous online libraries, including Scifinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, and only papers on Pycnanthus angolensis published after 2011 have been exploited during the writing.","PeriodicalId":394827,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124070873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Taduri, Suvarchala Vankudoth, Pavani Chirumamilla, Spoorthi Veera
The study aimed to identify bioactive compounds in Muntingia calabura leaf and root methanolic extracts. The Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique were used to identify bioactive compounds. GC-MS analysis revealed 38 compounds in the leaf and 15 compounds in the root methanolic extracts of M. calabura. The prime potent compound found in leaf extract is 2-{3-[(E)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}phenol with 5.78% peak area and cholest-4-en-6-on-3-ol is found in root extracts, has the highest 63.7% peak area and another potent compound Lupeol has 7.3% peak area. The bioactive compounds identified in M. calabura have antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains such as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which showed the efficacy of in vivo plant extracts. These findings validate the therapeutic potentiality of M. calabura leaf and root samples. Furthermore, these screened potential bioactive compounds can be used effectively for biomedical and therapeutic applications.
{"title":"Gas Chromatographic analysis of potentially bioactive compounds in leaf and root extracts of Muntingia calabura and their expected antibacterial activities","authors":"S. Taduri, Suvarchala Vankudoth, Pavani Chirumamilla, Spoorthi Veera","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/145564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/145564","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to identify bioactive compounds in Muntingia calabura leaf and root methanolic extracts. The Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique were used to identify bioactive compounds. GC-MS analysis revealed 38 compounds in the leaf and 15 compounds in the root methanolic extracts of M. calabura. The prime potent compound found in leaf extract is 2-{3-[(E)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl}phenol with 5.78% peak area and cholest-4-en-6-on-3-ol is found in root extracts, has the highest 63.7% peak area and another potent compound Lupeol has 7.3% peak area. The bioactive compounds identified in M. calabura have antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains such as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which showed the efficacy of in vivo plant extracts. These findings validate the therapeutic potentiality of M. calabura leaf and root samples. Furthermore, these screened potential bioactive compounds can be used effectively for biomedical and therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":394827,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129039897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Tchamgoue, Amelework N. Eyado, Boniface P. Kamdem Kamdem, Y. A. Ngandjui, J. Tchouankeu, S. Kouam, Y. Mekonnen
Malaria is regarded as one of the most lethal diseases. Resistance to artemisinin and its derivatives jeopardises effective malaria treatment. Finding novel antimalarial chemicals is critical given the existing treatment situation. This work aimed to examine the antiplasmodial capabilities of Pseudarthria hookeri fractions and flavonoids in vivo. The fractions and compounds antiplasmodial activity were evaluated on male Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, and on healthy female Swiss albino mice, the crude extract's acute toxicity was assessed. The EtOAc fraction had significant antiplasmodial activity (32.53 percent suppression at 500 mg/kg BW) and considerably prolonged the survival period of infected mice (9.8 days) compared to control mice (7.8 days). Parasitaemia was dramatically reduced (85.01, 59.41, and 70.39 percent), and the mean survival time extended (11.33, 10.00, and 9.33 days) with 15, 20 and 35 mg/kg of quercetin (1), 7-O-benzyl-6-prenylpinocembrin (6) and 6,8-diprenyleriodictyol (11) (isolates of the EtOAc fraction), respectively. BW loss and PCV reduction were also averted. Moreover, at 2500 mg/kg, the crude extract of P. hookeri showed no acute toxicity in mice. LC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction enabled the identification of nine flavonoids, with 8 and 11 being the main components. The present investigation confirmed P. hookeri's antiplasmodial action, substantiating its ethnomedicinal application for malaria treatment.
疟疾被认为是最致命的疾病之一。对青蒿素及其衍生物的耐药性危及疟疾的有效治疗。鉴于现有的治疗情况，寻找新的抗疟药物至关重要。本研究旨在研究假构草和黄酮类化合物在体内的抗疟原虫能力。对感染伯氏疟原虫的雄性瑞士白化小鼠和健康的瑞士白化雌性小鼠进行了急性毒性评价。EtOAc组分具有显著的抗疟原虫活性(500 mg/kg BW时抑制32.53%)，与对照小鼠(7.8天)相比，感染小鼠的生存期(9.8天)大大延长。15、20和35 mg/kg槲皮素(1)、7- o -苄基-6-烯丙基匹诺松素(6)和6,8-二烯丙基匹诺松醇(11)(EtOAc分离物)分别显著降低了寄生率(85.01、59.41和70.39%)，延长了平均生存时间(11.33、10.00和9.33 d)。BW损失和PCV减少也得以避免。此外，2500 mg/kg的粗提物对小鼠无急性毒性。对乙酸乙酯组分进行LC-MS分析，鉴定出9种黄酮类化合物，其中8和11为主要成分。本研究证实了虎氏单胞菌的抗疟原虫作用，证实了其在疟疾治疗中的民族医药应用。
{"title":"In vivo antiplasmodial properties of fractions and flavonoids of Pseudarthria hooheri Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae)","authors":"J. Tchamgoue, Amelework N. Eyado, Boniface P. Kamdem Kamdem, Y. A. Ngandjui, J. Tchouankeu, S. Kouam, Y. Mekonnen","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/145411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/145411","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is regarded as one of the most lethal diseases. Resistance to artemisinin and its derivatives jeopardises effective malaria treatment. Finding novel antimalarial chemicals is critical given the existing treatment situation. This work aimed to examine the antiplasmodial capabilities of Pseudarthria hookeri fractions and flavonoids in vivo. The fractions and compounds antiplasmodial activity were evaluated on male Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, and on healthy female Swiss albino mice, the crude extract's acute toxicity was assessed. The EtOAc fraction had significant antiplasmodial activity (32.53 percent suppression at 500 mg/kg BW) and considerably prolonged the survival period of infected mice (9.8 days) compared to control mice (7.8 days). Parasitaemia was dramatically reduced (85.01, 59.41, and 70.39 percent), and the mean survival time extended (11.33, 10.00, and 9.33 days) with 15, 20 and 35 mg/kg of quercetin (1), 7-O-benzyl-6-prenylpinocembrin (6) and 6,8-diprenyleriodictyol (11) (isolates of the EtOAc fraction), respectively. BW loss and PCV reduction were also averted. Moreover, at 2500 mg/kg, the crude extract of P. hookeri showed no acute toxicity in mice. LC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction enabled the identification of nine flavonoids, with 8 and 11 being the main components. The present investigation confirmed P. hookeri's antiplasmodial action, substantiating its ethnomedicinal application for malaria treatment.","PeriodicalId":394827,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126182948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reactive species, such as the free radicals produced during cell metabolism, are described as the main cause of oxidative stress, a process responsible for the development of degenerative diseases. Thus, the investigation of natural products containing chemical components with antioxidant capacity becomes necessary, since the frequent ingestion of these products may prevent the occurrence of this adverse event. In this perspective, total phenols (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) of the crude methanolic extract (MCE) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) obtained from Gladiolus dalenii bulbs were quantified and their antioxidant capacity evaluated and compared with that of gallic acid (GA), tannic acid (TA), pyrogallol (PyG), n-propyl gallate (nPG), quercetin (Qtn), rutin (Rut), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) and ascorbic acid (Asc) using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The study revealed that the antioxidant activity of MCE (EC50=6.550 ± 0.31 µg/mL) and EAF (EC50=5.960 ± 0.61 µg/mL) was higher effect than Rut (EC50=9.110 ± 0.04 µg/mL) and BHT (EC50=11.18 ± 0.03 µg/mL), and in turn lower than that of the other substances analyzed. The antioxidant activity found for G. dalenii extracts may be due to the high level of TPC found in this species.
{"title":"A comparative study on the antioxidant activity of Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel and nine commonly used substances to compare the antioxidant activity of foods and medicinal plants","authors":"Paulo Cumbane, Abrão Estivila, Isabel Magaia","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/144716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/144716","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive species, such as the free radicals produced during cell metabolism, are described as the main cause of oxidative stress, a process responsible for the development of degenerative diseases. Thus, the investigation of natural products containing chemical components with antioxidant capacity becomes necessary, since the frequent ingestion of these products may prevent the occurrence of this adverse event. In this perspective, total phenols (<b>TPC</b>) and total flavonoids (<b>TFC</b>) of the crude methanolic extract (<b>MCE</b>) and ethyl acetate fraction (<b>EAF</b>) obtained from <i>Gladiolus dalenii</i> bulbs were quantified and their antioxidant capacity evaluated and compared with that of gallic acid (<b>GA</b>), tannic acid (<b>TA</b>), pyrogallol (<b>PyG</b>), n-propyl gallate (<b>nPG</b>), quercetin (<b>Qtn</b>), rutin (<b>Rut</b>), butylated hydroxytoluene (<b>BHT</b>), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid (<b>Trolox</b>) and ascorbic acid (<b>Asc)</b> using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The study revealed that the antioxidant activity of <b>MCE</b> (EC<sub>50</sub>=6.550 ± 0.31 µg/mL) and <b>EAF</b> (EC<sub>50</sub>=5.960 ± 0.61 µg/mL) was higher effect than <b>Rut</b> (EC<sub>50</sub>=9.110 ± 0.04 µg/mL) and <b>BHT</b> (EC<sub>50</sub>=11.18 ± 0.03 µg/mL), and in turn lower than that of the other substances analyzed. The antioxidant activity found for <i>G. dalenii</i> extracts may be due to the high level of TPC found in this species.","PeriodicalId":394827,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129572393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The utilization of chitosan nanoparticles is a novel technique for gene transformation into plant tissues. It takes a few minutes to transform gene to plant. UidA gene was detected in Escherichia coli (K12 strain) using polymerase chain reaction analysis by UidA-specific primers. The gene was transformed into the explants of two different plant species (Solanum tuberosum and Paulownia tomentosa). These plants have different natures as crop and woody plants respectively. Therefore, they have different abilities to express the UidA gene. The gene is expressed into blue color in plant tissues due to the formation and expression of the GUS enzyme. The transformation of the UidA gene was detected morphologically by the formation of blue color; and molecular using PCR. Chitosan nanoparticles were characterized by UV/Visible spectroscope and photographing with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). As a result of this research, it is suggested that chitosan nanoparticles be used in gene transformation into plant tissues. Because it is safe, quick, and inexpensive, as well as biocompatible and biodegradable.
{"title":"Chitosan nanoparticles as a new technique in gene transformation into different plants tissues","authors":"Eman Tawfik, M. Ahmed","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/144414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/144414","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of chitosan nanoparticles is a novel technique for gene transformation into plant tissues. It takes a few minutes to transform gene to plant. UidA gene was detected in Escherichia coli (K12 strain) using polymerase chain reaction analysis by UidA-specific primers. The gene was transformed into the explants of two different plant species (Solanum tuberosum and Paulownia tomentosa). These plants have different natures as crop and woody plants respectively. Therefore, they have different abilities to express the UidA gene. The gene is expressed into blue color in plant tissues due to the formation and expression of the GUS enzyme. The transformation of the UidA gene was detected morphologically by the formation of blue color; and molecular using PCR. Chitosan nanoparticles were characterized by UV/Visible spectroscope and photographing with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). As a result of this research, it is suggested that chitosan nanoparticles be used in gene transformation into plant tissues. Because it is safe, quick, and inexpensive, as well as biocompatible and biodegradable.","PeriodicalId":394827,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133555475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comparative nutritional analysis of citrus varieties cultivated in Pakistan has not been reported. Citrus is consumed all over the world due to its taste and also has pharmacological components. The present investigation evaluated the antioxidant, reducing power, total flavonoids and phenolics, DPPH free radical scavenging, protein kinase inhibition, and the antimicrobial activities of eight Pakistani citrus varieties. Grapefruit showed maximum total antioxidant potential (77 µg AAE/100 mg), followed by Kinnow and Shakri. Khatai showed maximum reducing power potential (69.6 µg AAE/100 mg) while Shakri and Grapefruit trailed it. All the varieties showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Maximum total phenolics in citrus juice were found in Shakri and Kinnow; 26.2 and 25.9 µg GAE/100mg, respectively. Variation in total flavonoids content was observed as Kinnow>Grapefruit>Shakri>Khatai. All the citrus juices showed mild to moderate antibacterial activity, while Mosambi and Malta contained potent antifungal components. HPLC analysis of citrus juices revealed that catechin was present in all citrus genotypes except Kinnow. The study concludes that citrus juices contain strong antioxidative potential, bear protein kinase inhibitors and can be used as cancer chemoprevention and supportive nutrition.
{"title":"Antioxidative, phytochemical and antimicrobial analysis of juices of eight citrus cultivars grown in Pakistan","authors":"S. Naz, Anila Sajjad, Joham Ali, Muhammad Zia","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/145221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/145221","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative nutritional analysis of citrus varieties cultivated in Pakistan has not been reported. Citrus is consumed all over the world due to its taste and also has pharmacological components. The present investigation evaluated the antioxidant, reducing power, total flavonoids and phenolics, DPPH free radical scavenging, protein kinase inhibition, and the antimicrobial activities of eight Pakistani citrus varieties. Grapefruit showed maximum total antioxidant potential (77 µg AAE/100 mg), followed by Kinnow and Shakri. Khatai showed maximum reducing power potential (69.6 µg AAE/100 mg) while Shakri and Grapefruit trailed it. All the varieties showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Maximum total phenolics in citrus juice were found in Shakri and Kinnow; 26.2 and 25.9 µg GAE/100mg, respectively. Variation in total flavonoids content was observed as Kinnow>Grapefruit>Shakri>Khatai. All the citrus juices showed mild to moderate antibacterial activity, while Mosambi and Malta contained potent antifungal components. HPLC analysis of citrus juices revealed that catechin was present in all citrus genotypes except Kinnow. The study concludes that citrus juices contain strong antioxidative potential, bear protein kinase inhibitors and can be used as cancer chemoprevention and supportive nutrition.","PeriodicalId":394827,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127311833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ashande, Adrien Masunda, K. Ngbolua, J. T. Kilembe, A. Matondo, Inkoto Liyongo Clément, Gbolo Zoawe Benjamin, Lengbiye Moke Emmanuel, D. Tshibangu, D. Tshilanda, P. Mpiana, V. Mudogo
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in the world. In Africa, more than 80% of patients use plants for their treatment. However, the methods of validation of endogenous knowledge usually used are costly. The alternative method developed in this study aims at creating hyperglycemia in vitro and exploiting the metabolic pathway involving glucose oxidase for UV-visible spectrophotometric screening of medicinal plants’ antidiabetic activity. The evolution of glucose oxidation as a function of drug concentration is followed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The formation of the stable complex between the enzyme and the inhibitor is studied using molecular docking. Drugs used (Gliben) and plant extracts exhibited an in vitro hypoglycemic effect by reducing exponentially, in vitro, the level of free glucose. The results also showed that L. multiflora is more active than V. amygdalina (IC50: 1.36 ± 0.09 mg/mL Vs IC50: 3.00 ± 0.54 mg/mL). Gliben (0.5 mg/mL) and L. multiflora (2 mg/mL) reduced both the rate of oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase (catalytic power Vmax: 0.84 ± 0.11 mg*mL-1*min-1 for Gliben and 1.72 ± 0.13 mg*mL-1*min-1 for L. multiflora); and the affinity of this enzyme for its substrate-glucose (KM: 15.11 ± 2.72 mg*mL-1 for Gliben and 9.17 ± 1.56 mg*mL-1 for L. multiflora) when these results are compared to enzyme catalysis in the absence of inhibitor (Vmax: 2.86 ± 0.44 mg*mL-1*min-1; KM: 8.07 ± 1.96 mg*mL-1). The binding of GOX (1GAL) to selected phytocompounds derived from L. multiflora was confirmed by molecular docking. The most stable complexes were obtained for four compounds; 8 (-10.1±0.0 Kcal/mol), 6 (-9.5±0.1 Kcal/mol), 3 (-8.3±0.0 Kcal/mol) and 9 (-8.2±0.1 Kcal/mol). Among these, compounds 8 and 6 formed complexes with the enzyme stabilized by hydrogen bonds, the compound 8 forms 5 hydrogen bonds (ASN514, ASP424, ARG95, TYP68, LEU65) while compound 6 forms 2 hydrogen bonds (ASN514 and SER422). However, no H-bonding interaction occurs in the complex that involves ligands 9 and 3 despite their high binding energy (-8.2±0.1 Kcal/mol and -8.3±0.0 Kcal/mol respectively). Glucose oxidase can serve as a marker enzyme for in vitro antidiabetic activity evaluation of medicinal plants.
{"title":"Glucose oxidase as a model enzyme for antidiabetic activity evaluation of medicinal plants: In vitro and in silico evidence","authors":"C. Ashande, Adrien Masunda, K. Ngbolua, J. T. Kilembe, A. Matondo, Inkoto Liyongo Clément, Gbolo Zoawe Benjamin, Lengbiye Moke Emmanuel, D. Tshibangu, D. Tshilanda, P. Mpiana, V. Mudogo","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/144779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/144779","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in the world. In Africa, more than 80% of patients use plants for their treatment. However, the methods of validation of endogenous knowledge usually used are costly. The alternative method developed in this study aims at creating hyperglycemia <i>in vitro</i> and exploiting the metabolic pathway involving glucose oxidase for UV-visible spectrophotometric screening of medicinal plants’ antidiabetic activity. The evolution of glucose oxidation as a function of drug concentration is followed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The formation of the stable complex between the enzyme and the inhibitor is studied using molecular docking. Drugs used (Gliben) and plant extracts exhibited an <i>in vitro</i> hypoglycemic effect by reducing exponentially, <i>in vitro</i>, the level of free glucose. The results also showed that <i>L. multiflora</i> is more active than <i>V. amygdalina</i> (IC<sub>50</sub>: 1.36 ± 0.09 mg/mL Vs IC<sub>50</sub>: 3.00 ± 0.54 mg/mL). Gliben (0.5 mg/mL) and <i>L. multiflora</i> (2 mg/mL) reduced both the rate of oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase (catalytic power V<sub>max</sub>: 0.84 ± 0.11 mg*mL<sup>-1</sup>*min<sup>-1</sup> for Gliben and 1.72 ± 0.13 mg*mL<sup>-1</sup>*min<sup>-1</sup> for <sup>L. multiflora</sup>); and the affinity of this enzyme for its substrate-glucose (K<sub>M</sub>: 15.11 ± 2.72 mg*mL<sup>-1</sup> for Gliben and 9.17 ± 1.56 mg*mL<sup>-1</sup> for <i>L. multiflora</i>) when these results are compared to enzyme catalysis in the absence of inhibitor (V<sub>max</sub>: 2.86 ± 0.44 mg*mL<sup>-1</sup>*min-1; K<sub>M</sub>: 8.07 ± 1.96 mg*mL<sup>-1</sup>). The binding of GOX (1GAL) to selected phytocompounds derived from <i>L. multiflora</i> was confirmed by molecular docking. The most stable complexes were obtained for four compounds; <b>8</b> (-10.1±0.0 Kcal/mol), <b>6</b> (-9.5±0.1 Kcal/mol), <b>3</b> (-8.3±0.0 Kcal/mol) and <b>9</b> (-8.2±0.1 Kcal/mol). Among these, compounds <b>8</b> and <b>6</b> formed complexes with the enzyme stabilized by hydrogen bonds, the compound <b>8</b> forms 5 hydrogen bonds (<b>ASN514</b>, <b>ASP424</b>, <b>ARG95</b>, <b>TYP68</b>, <b>LEU65</b>) while compound <b>6</b> forms 2 hydrogen bonds (<b>ASN514</b> and <b>SER422</b>). However, no H-bonding interaction occurs in the complex that involves ligands <b>9</b> and <b>3</b> despite their high binding energy (-8.2±0.1 Kcal/mol and -8.3±0.0 Kcal/mol respectively). Glucose oxidase can serve as a marker enzyme for<i> in vitro</i> antidiabetic activity evaluation of medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":394827,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126876583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Oloninefa, Abalaka Moses Enemaduku, Daniyan Safiya Yahaya, M. Abdullahi
The menace of drug resistance, bioavailability and drug delivery to the target sites has motivated researchers to search for new antimicrobial agents from medicinal plants and subsequently use them for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles for effective killing of bacteria challenging to kill using crude extracts. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was done using aqueous extract (AQE) of Euphorbia heterophylla, while characterization and the killing rate of conjugated silver nanoparticles (CAgNPs) were carried out using standard methods. The maximum wavelength obtained for CAgNPs was 410.33 nm, while the size distribution was 237.8 d.nm. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red result showed O-H (3308.94 cm-1), which is responsible for stabilising and reducing silver ions, while the Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed the presence of monodispersed spherical shapes CAgNPs. The Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of silver. There were reductions in the clinical bacterial isolates exposed to CAgNPs as the exposure time increased. Escherichia coli was killed between 6-7 h while Salmonella typhimurium was killed at the seven has the value of 0.00 log10 CFU/ml was recorded respectively. However, there were increments in the populations of clinical bacterial isolates in control as the time of exposure increased. Therefore, the study suggests that the CAgNPs exhibit intense antimicrobial activity and the potential to be developed as an alternative agent to treat bacterial infections, curb multidrug-resistant bacterial infection, and promote speedy drug delivery to the target sites.
{"title":"Characterization and Rate of Killing of Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles Against Selected Clinical Bacterial Isolates","authors":"S. Oloninefa, Abalaka Moses Enemaduku, Daniyan Safiya Yahaya, M. Abdullahi","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/145339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/145339","url":null,"abstract":"The menace of drug resistance, bioavailability and drug delivery to the target sites has motivated researchers to search for new antimicrobial agents from medicinal plants and subsequently use them for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles for effective killing of bacteria challenging to kill using crude extracts. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was done using aqueous extract (AQE) of Euphorbia heterophylla, while characterization and the killing rate of conjugated silver nanoparticles (CAgNPs) were carried out using standard methods. The maximum wavelength obtained for CAgNPs was 410.33 nm, while the size distribution was 237.8 d.nm. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red result showed O-H (3308.94 cm-1), which is responsible for stabilising and reducing silver ions, while the Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed the presence of monodispersed spherical shapes CAgNPs. The Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of silver. There were reductions in the clinical bacterial isolates exposed to CAgNPs as the exposure time increased. Escherichia coli was killed between 6-7 h while Salmonella typhimurium was killed at the seven has the value of 0.00 log10 CFU/ml was recorded respectively. However, there were increments in the populations of clinical bacterial isolates in control as the time of exposure increased. Therefore, the study suggests that the CAgNPs exhibit intense antimicrobial activity and the potential to be developed as an alternative agent to treat bacterial infections, curb multidrug-resistant bacterial infection, and promote speedy drug delivery to the target sites.","PeriodicalId":394827,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127048869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study was to analyse the species utilization pattern and their relative prevalence in homegardens varying in size and altitude. Four sites were selected along an altitudinal gradient viz., very low (up to 350 m), low (350-700 m), mid (700-1500 m) and high altitudes (above 2000 m) in Kumaun Himalaya, India. At each altitude, homegardens were categorized into three size classes viz., large (above 0.007 ha), medium (0.004-0.006 ha) and small homegardens (up to 0.003 ha). Maximum species richness was recorded in large sized homegarden at all altitudes except mid altitude where maximum species was observed in medium sized homegardens. Across altitudes, maximum plant species (39) was recorded at mid altitude whereas minimum species (24) were present in high altitude homegardens. Amaryllidaceae was the most important family followed by Oxalidaceae across all the altitudes. In case of plant utilization pattern, maximum species were utilized as a medicine (44.23 %) followed by vegetables (26.66 %), fodder (18.1 %), miscellaneous (15.97 %), spices (13.97 %) and fruits (12.34 %). Among the species, A. cepa (1380) and C. annuum (1026) showed most prevalence whereas S. cumini (278) was the least prevalent species. Across the altitudinal gradient, mid altitude showed most (2341, 1330) relative prevalence whereas high altitude showed least (876, 0) relative prevalence for A. cepa and M. indica, respectively. Management practices and conventional activity could show a higher effect on species composition and their utilization pattern to improve food security and conserving plant genetic diversity in altitudes.
{"title":"Changing pattern of plant species utilization in relation to altitude and their relative prevalence in homegardens of Kumaun Himalaya, India","authors":"V. –, K. Bargali, S. Bargali","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/144792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/144792","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to analyse the species utilization pattern and their relative prevalence in homegardens varying in size and altitude. Four sites were selected along an altitudinal gradient viz., very low (up to 350 m), low (350-700 m), mid (700-1500 m) and high altitudes (above 2000 m) in Kumaun Himalaya, India. At each altitude, homegardens were categorized into three size classes viz., large (above 0.007 ha), medium (0.004-0.006 ha) and small homegardens (up to 0.003 ha). Maximum species richness was recorded in large sized homegarden at all altitudes except mid altitude where maximum species was observed in medium sized homegardens. Across altitudes, maximum plant species (39) was recorded at mid altitude whereas minimum species (24) were present in high altitude homegardens. Amaryllidaceae was the most important family followed by Oxalidaceae across all the altitudes. In case of plant utilization pattern, maximum species were utilized as a medicine (44.23 %) followed by vegetables (26.66 %), fodder (18.1 %), miscellaneous (15.97 %), spices (13.97 %) and fruits (12.34 %). Among the species, A. cepa (1380) and C. annuum (1026) showed most prevalence whereas S. cumini (278) was the least prevalent species. Across the altitudinal gradient, mid altitude showed most (2341, 1330) relative prevalence whereas high altitude showed least (876, 0) relative prevalence for A. cepa and M. indica, respectively. Management practices and conventional activity could show a higher effect on species composition and their utilization pattern to improve food security and conserving plant genetic diversity in altitudes.","PeriodicalId":394827,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127945604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuradh Joseph, S. Durairaj, Oviya Gowthaman, Vinothapooshan Ganesan
Herbal medicines can make therapeutic drugs and are an essential part of the worldwide healthcare system. Plants have always been an essential part of many indigenous peoples' life. Snakebite is a typical tropical condition that goes unnoticed. Snakebite is still a significant public health issue in many parts of the world, particularly in India, where the disease is particularly prevalent. Morbidity and mortality rates among rural and indigenous populations in the country are among the highest in the world. The problem is made worse by people delaying or refusing to seek medical care because they believe in traditional healers. People worldwide use plants to treat poisonous snakebites as folk medicine. Five hundred twenty-three plant species belonging to the 122 families are recognized as a source of drugs/compounds recognized as a possible cure for snakebite. However, this assessment is limited to a small number of essential plants used in snakebite poisoning in India. The most important groups from which various plants are employed include Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fab Lamiaceae and Moraceae. In this investigation, phytocompounds with anti-venom action were discovered in 29 plants belonging to 22 families used as a traditional medicine to treat poisonous snakebites.
{"title":"Updated review on venomous snakebites, therapeutic uses and future prospects of Indian traditional medicine","authors":"Nuradh Joseph, S. Durairaj, Oviya Gowthaman, Vinothapooshan Ganesan","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/145144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/145144","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicines can make therapeutic drugs and are an essential part of the worldwide healthcare system. Plants have always been an essential part of many indigenous peoples' life. Snakebite is a typical tropical condition that goes unnoticed. Snakebite is still a significant public health issue in many parts of the world, particularly in India, where the disease is particularly prevalent. Morbidity and mortality rates among rural and indigenous populations in the country are among the highest in the world. The problem is made worse by people delaying or refusing to seek medical care because they believe in traditional healers. People worldwide use plants to treat poisonous snakebites as folk medicine. Five hundred twenty-three plant species belonging to the 122 families are recognized as a source of drugs/compounds recognized as a possible cure for snakebite. However, this assessment is limited to a small number of essential plants used in snakebite poisoning in India. The most important groups from which various plants are employed include Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fab Lamiaceae and Moraceae. In this investigation, phytocompounds with anti-venom action were discovered in 29 plants belonging to 22 families used as a traditional medicine to treat poisonous snakebites.","PeriodicalId":394827,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131865176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：