The present study investigates to what extent the effect of context is responsible in facilitating L2 idiom comprehension. Forty students of Italian as a foreign language (L1 Croatian) completed comprehension tests consisting of unfamiliar L2 Italian metaphorical idioms, first presented with only general context and then with a specific context. To date, a large number of studies have described and analysed factors that influence the recognition and comprehension of idioms in one’s native language, and in the last twenty years the same topic has also been investigated for L2 idiom comprehension. However, many of these studies differ in terms of methodology (eye-tracking, control L1 groups, comprehension tests), the aim of the study, and ultimately, the corpus of the study (processing literal vs. metaphorical recognition, unfamiliar vs. familiar idioms, typology of idioms). Through a carefully designed questionnaire, in this study we exclude all possible factors that could influence idiom comprehension and isolate the context factor in the results. Given that in our previous research (2018) we collected highly unfamiliar Italian L2 opaque idioms and idioms without absolute and partial formal equivalents in Croatian, such as essere al verde, essere in gamba, and essere nato con la camicia, we can now psycholinguisticaly analyse to what extent the appropriate context can infer the correct comprehension of Italian L2 idioms.
本研究探讨语境在多大程度上促进了二语习语的理解。40名意大利语作为外语（L1克罗地亚语）的学生完成了由不熟悉的L2意大利语隐喻性习语组成的理解测试，首先只呈现一般上下文，然后呈现特定上下文。到目前为止，大量的研究已经描述和分析了影响母语习语识别和理解的因素，在过去的二十年里，同样的主题也被研究用于二语习语理解。然而，这些研究中的许多在方法论（眼动追踪、对照L1组、理解测试）、研究目的以及最终的研究语料库（处理字面与隐喻识别、陌生与熟悉习语、习语类型学）方面都有所不同。本研究通过精心设计的调查问卷，排除了所有可能影响成语理解的因素，并在调查结果中孤立了语境因素。鉴于在我们之前的研究（2018）中，我们收集了非常不熟悉的意大利二语不透明习语和克罗地亚语中没有绝对和部分形式对等词的习语，如essere al-verde、essere in gamba和essere nato con la camicia，我们现在可以从心理语言学角度分析适当的语境在多大程度上可以推断出对意大利二语习语的正确理解。
{"title":"THE RELEVANCE OF CONTEXT IN UNFAMILIAR L2 IDIOM COMPREHENSION","authors":"I. Marković","doi":"10.31902/fll.39.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates to what extent the effect of context is responsible in facilitating L2 idiom comprehension. Forty students of Italian as a foreign language (L1 Croatian) completed comprehension tests consisting of unfamiliar L2 Italian metaphorical idioms, first presented with only general context and then with a specific context. To date, a large number of studies have described and analysed factors that influence the recognition and comprehension of idioms in one’s native language, and in the last twenty years the same topic has also been investigated for L2 idiom comprehension. However, many of these studies differ in terms of methodology (eye-tracking, control L1 groups, comprehension tests), the aim of the study, and ultimately, the corpus of the study (processing literal vs. metaphorical recognition, unfamiliar vs. familiar idioms, typology of idioms). Through a carefully designed questionnaire, in this study we exclude all possible factors that could influence idiom comprehension and isolate the context factor in the results. Given that in our previous research (2018) we collected highly unfamiliar Italian L2 opaque idioms and idioms without absolute and partial formal equivalents in Croatian, such as essere al verde, essere in gamba, and essere nato con la camicia, we can now psycholinguisticaly analyse to what extent the appropriate context can infer the correct comprehension of Italian L2 idioms.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43063525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research is focused on the comparison between the abbreviations in modern Italian and those in Serbian and Montenegrin language, as stems for derivation by nominal, adjectival, and verbal suffixes. The approach is contrastive, and for the corpora were used mostly materials extracted from the daily press, as well as dictionaries of neologisms in the case of Italian corpus. For the Italian corpus, the dictionaries used were Neologismi: Parole nuove dai giornali (2009) by Istituto Treccani, with an updated online version of that dictionary on the publisher’s site https://www.treccani.it/magazine/lingua_italiana/neologismi/, as well as the database ONLI: Osservatorio Neologico della Lingua Italiana (https://www.iliesi.cnr.it/ONLI/), which collects materials mostly from daily and weekly press. Several studies on abbreviations were also very helpful as the source for examples of suffixation. Serbian and Montenegrin press was analyzed as one corpus, as there are virtually no differences between these languages as far as abbreviations are concerned. The latter corpus relies mostly on online versions of Serbian and Montenegrin daily press (Vijesti, Pobjeda, Dan, Novosti, Telegraf, Politika, and so on), with several examples taken from social media, blogs and web portals, for the most part through the web site Kontekst.io (https://www.kontekst.io/) which for Serbian corpus uses database srWaC (Serbian Web, https://www.clarin.si/noske/run.cgi/corp_info?corpname=srwac&struct_attr_ stats=1&subcorpora=1). As in printed Serbian and Montenegrin literature were found only older and, in some cases, outdated examples, it was necessary to complement this corpus with newer and more up-to-date materials. In the corpora analysis, neologisms derived from acronyms by suffixation were of particular interest, as an indicator of vitality and productivity of these lexical items in modern language. As they become more and more present in modern languages, this traditional approach to abbreviations as a marginal anomaly should be revised. It is necessary to establish consistent rules of writing and pronouncing for some acronyms, as well as to meet the requirements of everyday use which their limited inflection and morphosyntactic irregularity can complicate. Although their form does not conform to the rest of the language system, their use is becoming more frequent and encompassing, and the number of derivations from the most used and present abbreviations keeps growing. In both Serbian and Montenegrin linguistics, the research of abbreviations has merely started as far as word formation is concerned. Therefore, this field offers a lot of potential for further research, especially if one observes the daily influence of extralinguistic context on the changes in modern language.
研究的重点是现代意大利语中的缩写与塞尔维亚语和黑山语中的缩写之间的比较，作为名词后缀、形容词后缀和动词后缀派生的词干。这种方法是对比的，语料库主要使用从日报中提取的材料，以及意大利语语料库中的新词词典。对于意大利语语料库，使用的词典是Istituto Treccani的《新语序：Parole nuove dai giornali》（2009），该词典的更新在线版本在出版商网站上https://www.treccani.it/magazine/lingua_italiana/neologismi/，以及ONLI:Osservatorio Neologico della Lingua Italiana数据库(https://www.iliesi.cnr.it/ONLI/)，主要从日报和周报收集资料。一些关于缩写的研究也非常有助于作为后缀示例的来源。塞尔维亚语和黑山语报刊被分析为一个语料库，因为就缩写而言，这两种语言之间几乎没有区别。后一个语料库主要依赖于塞尔维亚和黑山日报的在线版本（Vijesti、Pobjeda、Dan、Novosti、Telegraf、Politika等），其中一些例子来自社交媒体、博客和门户网站，大部分是通过Kontekst.io网站(https://www.kontekst.io/)其对于塞尔维亚语语料库使用数据库srWaC（Serbia Web，https://www.clarin.si/noske/run.cgi/corp_info?corpname=srwac&struct_attr_stats=1&子公司=1）。正如在印刷的塞尔维亚和黑山文献中发现的那样，只有更古老的例子，在某些情况下是过时的例子，有必要用更新和最新的材料来补充这一语料库。在语料库分析中，通过后缀从首字母缩略词派生的新词特别令人感兴趣，作为这些词汇在现代语言中活力和生产力的指标。随着缩写在现代语言中越来越多地出现，这种将缩写视为边缘异常的传统方法应该得到修正。有必要为一些首字母缩略词建立一致的书写和发音规则，并满足日常使用的要求，因为它们的有限屈折和形态句法的不规则性会使日常使用变得复杂。尽管它们的形式与语言系统的其他部分不一致，但它们的使用越来越频繁和广泛，从最常用和最流行的缩写派生出来的派生词数量也在不断增加。在塞尔维亚语和黑山语语言学中，就单词的形成而言，对缩写的研究才刚刚开始。因此，这一领域为进一步研究提供了很大的潜力，尤其是如果我们观察到语言外语境对现代语言变化的日常影响。
{"title":"WORD-FORMATION PRODUCTIVITY OF ABBREVIATIONS IN ITALIAN AND SERBIAN / MONTENEGRIN: DERIVATION BY SUFFIXATION","authors":"Radmila Lazarević","doi":"10.31902/fll.39.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"The research is focused on the comparison between the abbreviations in modern Italian and those in Serbian and Montenegrin language, as stems for derivation by nominal, adjectival, and verbal suffixes. The approach is contrastive, and for the corpora were used mostly materials extracted from the daily press, as well as dictionaries of neologisms in the case of Italian corpus. For the Italian corpus, the dictionaries used were Neologismi: Parole nuove dai giornali (2009) by Istituto Treccani, with an updated online version of that dictionary on the publisher’s site https://www.treccani.it/magazine/lingua_italiana/neologismi/, as well as the database ONLI: Osservatorio Neologico della Lingua Italiana (https://www.iliesi.cnr.it/ONLI/), which collects materials mostly from daily and weekly press. Several studies on abbreviations were also very helpful as the source for examples of suffixation. Serbian and Montenegrin press was analyzed as one corpus, as there are virtually no differences between these languages as far as abbreviations are concerned. The latter corpus relies mostly on online versions of Serbian and Montenegrin daily press (Vijesti, Pobjeda, Dan, Novosti, Telegraf, Politika, and so on), with several examples taken from social media, blogs and web portals, for the most part through the web site Kontekst.io (https://www.kontekst.io/) which for Serbian corpus uses database srWaC (Serbian Web, https://www.clarin.si/noske/run.cgi/corp_info?corpname=srwac&struct_attr_ stats=1&subcorpora=1). As in printed Serbian and Montenegrin literature were found only older and, in some cases, outdated examples, it was necessary to complement this corpus with newer and more up-to-date materials. In the corpora analysis, neologisms derived from acronyms by suffixation were of particular interest, as an indicator of vitality and productivity of these lexical items in modern language. As they become more and more present in modern languages, this traditional approach to abbreviations as a marginal anomaly should be revised. It is necessary to establish consistent rules of writing and pronouncing for some acronyms, as well as to meet the requirements of everyday use which their limited inflection and morphosyntactic irregularity can complicate. Although their form does not conform to the rest of the language system, their use is becoming more frequent and encompassing, and the number of derivations from the most used and present abbreviations keeps growing. In both Serbian and Montenegrin linguistics, the research of abbreviations has merely started as far as word formation is concerned. Therefore, this field offers a lot of potential for further research, especially if one observes the daily influence of extralinguistic context on the changes in modern language.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45969093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.31902//fll.39.2022.20
Radenko Scekic
Novo djelo, istoričara dr Slavka Burzanovića “Crna Gora u Italijanskoj spoljnoj politici 1861–1923.”, predstavlja sistematski zaokupljene odgovore na zadatu temu, bez premca u crnogorskoj istoriografiji. Predstavlja rezultat autorovih istraživanja u domaćim i stranim arhivima i višegodišnjeg predanog bavljenja ovom temom, čije rezultate je kolega Burzanović ranije publikovao u formi nekoliko članaka i priloga.
{"title":"SLAVKO BURZANOVIĆ: CRNA GORA U ITALIJANSKOJ SPOLJNOJ POLITICI 1861–1923","authors":"Radenko Scekic","doi":"10.31902//fll.39.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902//fll.39.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"Novo djelo, istoričara dr Slavka Burzanovića “Crna Gora u Italijanskoj spoljnoj politici 1861–1923.”, predstavlja sistematski zaokupljene odgovore na zadatu temu, bez premca u crnogorskoj istoriografiji. Predstavlja rezultat autorovih istraživanja u domaćim i stranim arhivima i višegodišnjeg predanog bavljenja ovom temom, čije rezultate je kolega Burzanović ranije publikovao u formi nekoliko članaka i priloga.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43243878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article analyzes the peculiarities of aphorisms functioning in linguistic scientific discourse. Linguistic aphorisms have been identified as individual authorial utterances that reflect subjective interpretation of linguistic terms. Over seven hundred aphoristic utterances were taken from scientific, academic, reference and fiction books, as well as from collections of aphorisms, where the linguistic terms have been presented. They serve as the material for research. Applied here are methods of targeted sampling, cognitive analysis and quantitative analysis, as well as descriptive method. A primary aim was to differentiate between two types of definitions of linguistic terms: scientific ones (i.e. the utterances of the primary nomination) and fictional ones, which serve the purpose of secondary nomination. The scientific definitions render the essential and core features of linguistic terms, while the fictional ones focus on the indirect and peripheral term characteristics determined by author’s communicative and pragmatic goal. Defining of linguistic terms through aphoristic utterances has been viewed as a unity of semantic, pragmatic and cognitive aspects. The research findings distinguish between aphoristic definitions-elucidations and definitions interpretations, depending on either objective-logical or expressive-stylistic information dominance. Aphoristic utterances created by linguists have been viewed as the definitions-elucidations characterized by high level of reference and frequent use of linguistic terminology that bring them closer to the logical designations or scientific definitions. Associative and metaphorical thinking forms the background of definitions-interpretations, typical for writers’ discourse. Therefore, their utterances have been considered as artistic definitions of linguistic terms, that are the means of additional semantization of corresponding notions. Such aphorisms illustrate anthropological approach to the analysis of linguistic phenomena. The secondary aim was to trace the ways of rendering the meaning of linguistic terms through aphoristic utterances. The following types of aphoristic definitions have been singled out considering the modes of explaining linguistic terms: descriptive definitions, comparative definitions (simile), definitions based on either semantic opposition or similarity.
{"title":"APHORISMS AS MEANS OF INTERPRETING OF LINGUISTIC TERMS: PECULIARITIES OF DEFINING","authors":"H.Yu. Odyntsova, T. Kondratieva","doi":"10.31902/fll.39.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the peculiarities of aphorisms functioning in linguistic scientific discourse. Linguistic aphorisms have been identified as individual authorial utterances that reflect subjective interpretation of linguistic terms. Over seven hundred aphoristic utterances were taken from scientific, academic, reference and fiction books, as well as from collections of aphorisms, where the linguistic terms have been presented. They serve as the material for research. Applied here are methods of targeted sampling, cognitive analysis and quantitative analysis, as well as descriptive method. A primary aim was to differentiate between two types of definitions of linguistic terms: scientific ones (i.e. the utterances of the primary nomination) and fictional ones, which serve the purpose of secondary nomination. The scientific definitions render the essential and core features of linguistic terms, while the fictional ones focus on the indirect and peripheral term characteristics determined by author’s communicative and pragmatic goal. Defining of linguistic terms through aphoristic utterances has been viewed as a unity of semantic, pragmatic and cognitive aspects. The research findings distinguish between aphoristic definitions-elucidations and definitions interpretations, depending on either objective-logical or expressive-stylistic information dominance. Aphoristic utterances created by linguists have been viewed as the definitions-elucidations characterized by high level of reference and frequent use of linguistic terminology that bring them closer to the logical designations or scientific definitions. Associative and metaphorical thinking forms the background of definitions-interpretations, typical for writers’ discourse. Therefore, their utterances have been considered as artistic definitions of linguistic terms, that are the means of additional semantization of corresponding notions. Such aphorisms illustrate anthropological approach to the analysis of linguistic phenomena. The secondary aim was to trace the ways of rendering the meaning of linguistic terms through aphoristic utterances. The following types of aphoristic definitions have been singled out considering the modes of explaining linguistic terms: descriptive definitions, comparative definitions (simile), definitions based on either semantic opposition or similarity.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44046817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.31902//fll.39.2022.15
Sanja Ćetković
This paper deals with the use of evaluative devices in police written reports. A police officer, as a representative of an institution, bears in mind the main goal of a report, i.e. presenting and explaining facts to the legal audience and convincing them of the propriety of the decisions s/he made in execution of his duties. As far as his actions and decisions are concerned, s/he expects as low input of contradictory opinions as possible. Police reports ought to be strictly informative. This fact defines their language in terms of impersonality and objective reference to sources of information. In this respect, direct assessments of facts and authorial voice are highly suppressed in the texts, although the reports inevitably reflect personal involvement. Objectivity and distancing are expected and presumed by both the author and the audience. However, this stereotype often confronts with indirect or covert means by which the author positions himself/herself with regard to the information given in the reports. This short analysis has found that police officers are very careful when it comes to expressing their own interpretation of events, other people’s behavior or propositions. They avoid speculating, making subjective judgments without the support of solid evidence. Police officers often rely on perceptual type of evidence for their claims (I could clearly see, hear, smell, observe) and consider such sensory experience more substantial. Also, they are prone to making negative rather than positive evaluations, criticizing rather than affirming other people’s behavior and actions. Such evaluation is rarely given explicitly, but frequently permeates the context.
{"title":"EVALUATION IN POLICE WRITTEN REPORTS IN ENGLISH","authors":"Sanja Ćetković","doi":"10.31902//fll.39.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902//fll.39.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the use of evaluative devices in police written reports. A police officer, as a representative of an institution, bears in mind the main goal of a report, i.e. presenting and explaining facts to the legal audience and convincing them of the propriety of the decisions s/he made in execution of his duties. As far as his actions and decisions are concerned, s/he expects as low input of contradictory opinions as possible. Police reports ought to be strictly informative. This fact defines their language in terms of impersonality and objective reference to sources of information. In this respect, direct assessments of facts and authorial voice are highly suppressed in the texts, although the reports inevitably reflect personal involvement. Objectivity and distancing are expected and presumed by both the author and the audience. However, this stereotype often confronts with indirect or covert means by which the author positions himself/herself with regard to the information given in the reports. This short analysis has found that police officers are very careful when it comes to expressing their own interpretation of events, other people’s behavior or propositions. They avoid speculating, making subjective judgments without the support of solid evidence. Police officers often rely on perceptual type of evidence for their claims (I could clearly see, hear, smell, observe) and consider such sensory experience more substantial. Also, they are prone to making negative rather than positive evaluations, criticizing rather than affirming other people’s behavior and actions. Such evaluation is rarely given explicitly, but frequently permeates the context.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43793915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the work of Franz Kafka, there is an intertwining of two poetics — one is the poetics of details, which are of the realistic type, while the other is the poetics of the surreal. At the linguistic level, the poetics of detail is very precisely emphasized, with numerous linguistic expressions and descriptions that are carved as if they were a diamond. However, the intertwining is not a mixture, but rather a penetration of one poetics into the other. The poetics of detailing, no matter how thorough, in the end, is still not enough. Kafka points out that language as such is not quite ready to express directly and indirectly our thoughts, feelings, and anything related to our inner states. The poetics of the surreal and the super-real merged into the poetics of detail and made realistic poetics not only magical but also gave itself, as a surreal poetics, a basis, and a reference. The reader has found themself between the text, between the words, not always finding their way in every part. References elude, and what remains is a deconstructionist game between different forms of referentiality. The poetics of realism supports the poetics of the surreal, and the poetics of the surreal gives meaning to the poetics of realism. Penetration and intertwining remain as threads of textual fabric that the reader needs to unravel, revealing the laws of the text and adding their own threads. Kafka raised many a question, out of which many have been given answers to through a careful deconstructionist reading of the novel itself and the short story, which is simultaneously a part of the novel and a part that functions independently. Such is the entirety of Kafka’s opus, metaphorically speaking — an image that should be carefully observed, because in some corners lies the author’s intention, or a sign that had been looked for in order to uncover literature and the literary in the secret.
{"title":"FRANZ KAFKA BEFORE THE LAW OF FICTION","authors":"Milena Vladić Jovanov","doi":"10.31902/fll.39.2022.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.7","url":null,"abstract":"In the work of Franz Kafka, there is an intertwining of two poetics — one is the poetics of details, which are of the realistic type, while the other is the poetics of the surreal. At the linguistic level, the poetics of detail is very precisely emphasized, with numerous linguistic expressions and descriptions that are carved as if they were a diamond. However, the intertwining is not a mixture, but rather a penetration of one poetics into the other. The poetics of detailing, no matter how thorough, in the end, is still not enough. Kafka points out that language as such is not quite ready to express directly and indirectly our thoughts, feelings, and anything related to our inner states. The poetics of the surreal and the super-real merged into the poetics of detail and made realistic poetics not only magical but also gave itself, as a surreal poetics, a basis, and a reference. The reader has found themself between the text, between the words, not always finding their way in every part. References elude, and what remains is a deconstructionist game between different forms of referentiality. The poetics of realism supports the poetics of the surreal, and the poetics of the surreal gives meaning to the poetics of realism. Penetration and intertwining remain as threads of textual fabric that the reader needs to unravel, revealing the laws of the text and adding their own threads. Kafka raised many a question, out of which many have been given answers to through a careful deconstructionist reading of the novel itself and the short story, which is simultaneously a part of the novel and a part that functions independently. Such is the entirety of Kafka’s opus, metaphorically speaking — an image that should be carefully observed, because in some corners lies the author’s intention, or a sign that had been looked for in order to uncover literature and the literary in the secret.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43735810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Along history, sociology and literature have formed various associations with each other. From the sociology of literature that has considered literature as a social production to the usages of sociological perspectives as literary theories or the usage of literature as illustration of sociological abstract notions, literature and sociology have been constantly and interrelatedly studied. Nevertheless, this study aims at revealing another interrelation between literature and sociology by referring to the beginning of the twentieth century when the replacement of religious thinking with secular ideas was dominant in modern society. Sociologists like Emile Durkheim detected and studied this shift in modern society and later on literary authors of the time followed the promotion of secularism in their literary works. However, T.S. Eliot reacted to this replacement in his poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock". He wrote the poem while he was reviewing Durkheim’s The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life in the journal the Westminster Gazette. This paper argues that T.S. Eliot’s "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" is written with a mindset loaded by Durkheim’s sociological perspectives such as the notions of the sacred and the profane to further conclude that T. S. Eliot’s creation of Prufrock is consistent with the view that the modern man is unable to establish himself in a society which is devoid of the notions of sacred and profane and that he may consider committing suicide to save himself as the final resort.
{"title":"T. S. ELIOT AND EMILE DURKHEIM: SACRED AND PROFANE IN \"THE LOVE SONG OF J. ALFRED PRUFROCK\"","authors":"Muhammad Hussein Oroskhan, Hossein Jahantigh","doi":"10.31902/fll.39.2022.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.2","url":null,"abstract":"Along history, sociology and literature have formed various associations with each other. From the sociology of literature that has considered literature as a social production to the usages of sociological perspectives as literary theories or the usage of literature as illustration of sociological abstract notions, literature and sociology have been constantly and interrelatedly studied. Nevertheless, this study aims at revealing another interrelation between literature and sociology by referring to the beginning of the twentieth century when the replacement of religious thinking with secular ideas was dominant in modern society. Sociologists like Emile Durkheim detected and studied this shift in modern society and later on literary authors of the time followed the promotion of secularism in their literary works. However, T.S. Eliot reacted to this replacement in his poem \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\". He wrote the poem while he was reviewing Durkheim’s The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life in the journal the Westminster Gazette. This paper argues that T.S. Eliot’s \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\" is written with a mindset loaded by Durkheim’s sociological perspectives such as the notions of the sacred and the profane to further conclude that T. S. Eliot’s creation of Prufrock is consistent with the view that the modern man is unable to establish himself in a society which is devoid of the notions of sacred and profane and that he may consider committing suicide to save himself as the final resort.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41733053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper strives to introduce terminology tools in creating a German Slovak terminology database of the relevant specialized terms used in hunting in the context of the diversity of available resources and verification tools such as the German and Slovak national corpora. The focus will be on corpora as verification tools and their role in creating a terminology database. In addition, we will consider the principle of the diversity of existing sources. The theoretical basis is grounded in corpus linguistics, technical language, terminology work, and semantics. The authors of the study being presented have explored corpora as a relevant tool in terms of quantity and quality. The German and Slovak national corpus serves as an indicator of rare terms – with a low occurrence presupposing a higher professional level of specialized lexemes. The approach of common or zero occurrence in national corpora needs to be implemented into terminology work and creating terminology databases. Thus, the authors of the study use, compare, and analyze the German federal corpus – DWDS (Digitales Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache) and the Slovak national corpus (SNK). In the process of terminological search in the canons, they have applied homogenous search criteria. As a result of the analysis underpinned with concrete examples from the hunting field, they demonstrate a procedure for creating a terminological database of a specialized domain. Overall, they attempt to deliver an innovative approach combining the latest knowledge in linguistics and terminology work.
{"title":"CREATING A GERMAN-SLOVAK HUNTING TERMINOLOGY DATABASE","authors":"Jozef Štefčík, Zuzana Gašová","doi":"10.31902/fll.39.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"The paper strives to introduce terminology tools in creating a German Slovak terminology database of the relevant specialized terms used in hunting in the context of the diversity of available resources and verification tools such as the German and Slovak national corpora. The focus will be on corpora as verification tools and their role in creating a terminology database. In addition, we will consider the principle of the diversity of existing sources. The theoretical basis is grounded in corpus linguistics, technical language, terminology work, and semantics. The authors of the study being presented have explored corpora as a relevant tool in terms of quantity and quality. The German and Slovak national corpus serves as an indicator of rare terms – with a low occurrence presupposing a higher professional level of specialized lexemes. The approach of common or zero occurrence in national corpora needs to be implemented into terminology work and creating terminology databases. Thus, the authors of the study use, compare, and analyze the German federal corpus – DWDS (Digitales Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache) and the Slovak national corpus (SNK). In the process of terminological search in the canons, they have applied homogenous search criteria. As a result of the analysis underpinned with concrete examples from the hunting field, they demonstrate a procedure for creating a terminological database of a specialized domain. Overall, they attempt to deliver an innovative approach combining the latest knowledge in linguistics and terminology work.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46713928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article investigates lexical, semantic and grammatical peculiarities of the language and style of Anna Gavalda’s novel “La Consolante” and their reproduction in the Spanish and Ukrainian translations. The objective of the research focuses on the translation of the French novel into Spanish and Ukrainian, taking into account that French and Spanish are closely related languages from the group of Romance languages, and French and Ukrainian are distant languages that belong to a different language group, having different grammatical structures. The paper identifies the fragments, which present difficulties for the translation, and provides options for correct and adequate translation. In this article, the results of an exploratory study (contextual, contrastive, qualitative, and descriptive) carried out on the novel “La Consolante” by Anna Gavalda and two translations into Ukrainian and Spanish. Famous translator, winner of Hryhoriy Skovoroda and Maksym Rylskiy Prices, Petro Tarashchuk, translated it into Ukrainian. “La Consolante” was edited by the Kharkiv publishing house “Folio” in 2015. This novel, in Spanish translation, was translated by Isabel González-Gallarza and published in 2008 by the publishing house “Seix Barral” in Barcelona. We studied the procedures and transformations of translation from related and distant languages, to demonstrate how to overcome the difficulties of translation and to achieve the equal pragmatic effect of translated text as that of the original. The analysis clearly indicates that the translations of Anna Gavalda’s novel “La Consolante” by Petro Taraschuk and Isabel González-Gallarza are perceived as holistic works that convey French culture and the realities of French life and reproduce them adequately in the Spanish and Ukrainian translations.
{"title":"THE PECULIARITIES OF LANGUAGE AND STYLE OF ANNA GAVALDA’S NOVEL “LA CONSOLANTE” AND THEIR REPRODUCTION IN SPANISH AND UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONS","authors":"L. Diachuk, Iryna Nichaenko","doi":"10.31902/fll.39.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates lexical, semantic and grammatical peculiarities of the language and style of Anna Gavalda’s novel “La Consolante” and their reproduction in the Spanish and Ukrainian translations. The objective of the research focuses on the translation of the French novel into Spanish and Ukrainian, taking into account that French and Spanish are closely related languages from the group of Romance languages, and French and Ukrainian are distant languages that belong to a different language group, having different grammatical structures. The paper identifies the fragments, which present difficulties for the translation, and provides options for correct and adequate translation. In this article, the results of an exploratory study (contextual, contrastive, qualitative, and descriptive) carried out on the novel “La Consolante” by Anna Gavalda and two translations into Ukrainian and Spanish. Famous translator, winner of Hryhoriy Skovoroda and Maksym Rylskiy Prices, Petro Tarashchuk, translated it into Ukrainian. “La Consolante” was edited by the Kharkiv publishing house “Folio” in 2015. This novel, in Spanish translation, was translated by Isabel González-Gallarza and published in 2008 by the publishing house “Seix Barral” in Barcelona. We studied the procedures and transformations of translation from related and distant languages, to demonstrate how to overcome the difficulties of translation and to achieve the equal pragmatic effect of translated text as that of the original. The analysis clearly indicates that the translations of Anna Gavalda’s novel “La Consolante” by Petro Taraschuk and Isabel González-Gallarza are perceived as holistic works that convey French culture and the realities of French life and reproduce them adequately in the Spanish and Ukrainian translations.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45317955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering the fact that there are certain similarities between the cultural endeavours of the early Chinese modernists and Italian futurists, at first glance, it seems strange that futurist ideas mostly failed to take root in Chinese literary modernism. From the outset, Chinese literary modernism was a heterogeneous movement, but the common denominator in these different movements in post-dynastic China was a radical antitraditionalism that bears similarities to the goals of Italian futurism that was often called the down-with-the-past movement (antipassatismo). Contemporary literary studies usually recognize three distinct waves of Chinese modernism: the first wave refers to the new literary scene in China’s Republican era (1911-1949), but due to the eclecticism of early Chinese modernists who were deriving inspiration and ideas from a broad and diverse range of sources, this initial stage of Chinese modernism includes the authors whose work was inspired by the pre-modern Western movements such as romanticism, symbolism etc. The second wave of Chinese modernism emerged on Taiwan in the 1950s, and the final wave brought modernism back to mainland China at the end of the 1970s. This paper attempts to examine the reception of Italian futurism in early Chinese modernist literature, therefore our research is chronologically focused on the first wave of Chinese modernism.
{"title":"A SOULLESS CAMERA: THE PERCEPTION OF ITALIAN FUTURISM IN EARLY CHINESE MODERNIST POETRY","authors":"Zoran Skrobanović","doi":"10.31902/fll.39.2022.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.5","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the fact that there are certain similarities between the cultural endeavours of the early Chinese modernists and Italian futurists, at first glance, it seems strange that futurist ideas mostly failed to take root in Chinese literary modernism. From the outset, Chinese literary modernism was a heterogeneous movement, but the common denominator in these different movements in post-dynastic China was a radical antitraditionalism that bears similarities to the goals of Italian futurism that was often called the down-with-the-past movement (antipassatismo). Contemporary literary studies usually recognize three distinct waves of Chinese modernism: the first wave refers to the new literary scene in China’s Republican era (1911-1949), but due to the eclecticism of early Chinese modernists who were deriving inspiration and ideas from a broad and diverse range of sources, this initial stage of Chinese modernism includes the authors whose work was inspired by the pre-modern Western movements such as romanticism, symbolism etc. The second wave of Chinese modernism emerged on Taiwan in the 1950s, and the final wave brought modernism back to mainland China at the end of the 1970s. This paper attempts to examine the reception of Italian futurism in early Chinese modernist literature, therefore our research is chronologically focused on the first wave of Chinese modernism.","PeriodicalId":40358,"journal":{"name":"Folia Linguistica et Litteraria","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48984297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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