Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.1163/18750214-bja10006
Nils Renard
The Memoirs of Jakob Meyer offer a precious account of what Jewish soldiers experienced during the Napoleonic wars. Written in German in 1836–1838, they were translated into French and published, thanks to the work of Ernest Kallmann and Françoise Lyon-Caen (J. Meyer, Jakob Meyer, soldat de Napoléon. Mes aventures de guerre, 1808–1813 [Paris 2009]). The narrative of Meyer’s experience is a unique testimony of the way Jewish soldiers experienced their being Jewish, while indicating the way in which Jews reacted to wars. From his idealistic enlistment in the army, driven by hopes of emancipation, to the disaster of the Russian campaign and retreat, we follow Meyer, who seems to get closer to Jewish communities and his Jewish identity, while the dislocation of the Grande Armée makes these communities’ help increasingly more valuable. This narrative can be interrogated through the anthropological categories of ‘Jewish Warrior’ and ‘War Jew.’
雅各布·迈耶的回忆录对犹太士兵在拿破仑战争中的经历进行了宝贵的描述。1836-1838年用德语写成，由于Ernest Kallmann和Françoise Lyon Caen的工作，它们被翻译成法语并出版（J.Meyer，Jakob Meyer，soldat de Napoléon。Mes aventures de guerre，1808-1813[巴黎，2009年]）。迈耶的经历独特地证明了犹太士兵作为犹太人的经历，同时也表明了犹太人对战争的反应。从他在解放希望的驱使下理想主义地参军，到俄罗斯战役和撤退的灾难，我们跟随迈耶，他似乎越来越接近犹太社区和他的犹太身份，而大军队的错位使这些社区的帮助越来越有价值。这种叙述可以通过“犹太战士”和“战争犹太人”这两个人类学类别进行审问
{"title":"Being a Jewish Soldier in the Grande Armée: The Memoirs of Jakob Meyer during the Napoleonic Wars (1808–1813)","authors":"Nils Renard","doi":"10.1163/18750214-bja10006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750214-bja10006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Memoirs of Jakob Meyer offer a precious account of what Jewish soldiers experienced during the Napoleonic wars. Written in German in 1836–1838, they were translated into French and published, thanks to the work of Ernest Kallmann and Françoise Lyon-Caen (J. Meyer, Jakob Meyer, soldat de Napoléon. Mes aventures de guerre, 1808–1813 [Paris 2009]). The narrative of Meyer’s experience is a unique testimony of the way Jewish soldiers experienced their being Jewish, while indicating the way in which Jews reacted to wars. From his idealistic enlistment in the army, driven by hopes of emancipation, to the disaster of the Russian campaign and retreat, we follow Meyer, who seems to get closer to Jewish communities and his Jewish identity, while the dislocation of the Grande Armée makes these communities’ help increasingly more valuable. This narrative can be interrogated through the anthropological categories of ‘Jewish Warrior’ and ‘War Jew.’","PeriodicalId":40667,"journal":{"name":"Zutot","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43873851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1163/18750214-bja10004
S. Campanini
The article deals with Gershom Scholem’s interest in the historical figure of Moses Dobrushka (also known as Thomas von Schönfeld, and, in his last days, as Junius Frey), a central European Frankist, who first converted to Christianity and then to Jacobinism, embracing revolutionary ideals in Paris. The reasons for this interest, it is argued, were not merely scientific, but firmly rooted in Scholem’s construction of Zionism’s negative political theology.
这篇文章讨论了Gershom Scholem对历史人物Moses Dobrushka(也被称为Thomas von Schönfeld，在他最后的日子里，被称为Junius Frey)的兴趣，他是中欧的法兰克主义者，他首先皈依基督教，然后皈依雅各宾主义，在巴黎拥抱革命理想。人们认为，产生这种兴趣的原因不仅仅是科学上的，而是牢牢植根于肖勒姆对犹太复国主义消极政治神学的建构。
{"title":"Scholem’s Dobrushka: The Political Career of a Frankist","authors":"S. Campanini","doi":"10.1163/18750214-bja10004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750214-bja10004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The article deals with Gershom Scholem’s interest in the historical figure of Moses Dobrushka (also known as Thomas von Schönfeld, and, in his last days, as Junius Frey), a central European Frankist, who first converted to Christianity and then to Jacobinism, embracing revolutionary ideals in Paris. The reasons for this interest, it is argued, were not merely scientific, but firmly rooted in Scholem’s construction of Zionism’s negative political theology.","PeriodicalId":40667,"journal":{"name":"Zutot","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48473628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1163/18750214-bja10003
D. Mano
This study examines the Memorandum written by the Jewish delegates of Tuscany on July 23, 1799, in the aftermath of the starkly violent anti-Jewish incidents that marked the Tuscan counter-revolution. The analysis is focused on Jewish defense against discursive and physical manifestations of anti-Judaism, and proposes to consider Jewish diplomacy as an essential component of European contentious politics.
{"title":"‘Defense through Tears’: Jewish Diplomacy and Contentious Politics in the Memorandum of the Jewish Delegates of Tuscany (July 23, 1799)","authors":"D. Mano","doi":"10.1163/18750214-bja10003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750214-bja10003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study examines the Memorandum written by the Jewish delegates of Tuscany on July 23, 1799, in the aftermath of the starkly violent anti-Jewish incidents that marked the Tuscan counter-revolution. The analysis is focused on Jewish defense against discursive and physical manifestations of anti-Judaism, and proposes to consider Jewish diplomacy as an essential component of European contentious politics.","PeriodicalId":40667,"journal":{"name":"Zutot","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47616540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.1163/18750214-bja10005
F. Guesnet
A letter by the army contractor Eliezer Dileon to the community board of Minsk relating his audience with Tsar Alexander I of Russia in January 1817 sheds light on the significance of the performative dimension of Jewish intercession. In the perception of the intercessor, due to the personal encounter between the sovereign ruler and himself, the Jews in Russia constitute part of the political and societal fabric of the Empire, it sees them as ‘a people.’ The letter is one of the very few documents describing and confirming the symbolic meaning of an encounter between a monarch and a Jewish intercessor. It reflects on the reciprocal nature of negotiations between the state and the Jewish minority, the limitations in concrete outcomes notwithstanding.
{"title":"Constitutio in actu? Eliezer Dileon’s Letter to the Minsk Kahal, 1817","authors":"F. Guesnet","doi":"10.1163/18750214-bja10005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750214-bja10005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000A letter by the army contractor Eliezer Dileon to the community board of Minsk relating his audience with Tsar Alexander I of Russia in January 1817 sheds light on the significance of the performative dimension of Jewish intercession. In the perception of the intercessor, due to the personal encounter between the sovereign ruler and himself, the Jews in Russia constitute part of the political and societal fabric of the Empire, it sees them as ‘a people.’ The letter is one of the very few documents describing and confirming the symbolic meaning of an encounter between a monarch and a Jewish intercessor. It reflects on the reciprocal nature of negotiations between the state and the Jewish minority, the limitations in concrete outcomes notwithstanding.","PeriodicalId":40667,"journal":{"name":"Zutot","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42954407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-03DOI: 10.1163/18750214-bja10020
Leor Jacobi
The Passover Cup of Elijah is often explained as an expression of rabbinic uncertainty regarding a fifth cup mandated by some opinions in the Babylonian Talmud. The explanation is based upon other talmudic passages which mention halakhic uncertainties that will be resolved by Elijah when he eventually comes to herald the long anticipated redemption. The explanation is commonly attributed to the Gaon of Vilna; however, no historically reliable source supports this attribution. This explanation was first published by the great maskil, Isaac Ber Levinsohn, and was attributed to the Gaon of Vilna by Eliezer Zweifel. An alternate shift of attribution was to R. Ephraim Zalman Margolioth. Attribution to a great rabbinic authority helped the explanation gain circulation and approval among the general rabbinic audience to the present day.
{"title":"Making a Maskil Mainstream: Adapting Haskalah Scholarship for a 19th-Century Rabbinic Audience","authors":"Leor Jacobi","doi":"10.1163/18750214-bja10020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750214-bja10020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Passover Cup of Elijah is often explained as an expression of rabbinic uncertainty regarding a fifth cup mandated by some opinions in the Babylonian Talmud. The explanation is based upon other talmudic passages which mention halakhic uncertainties that will be resolved by Elijah when he eventually comes to herald the long anticipated redemption. The explanation is commonly attributed to the Gaon of Vilna; however, no historically reliable source supports this attribution. This explanation was first published by the great maskil, Isaac Ber Levinsohn, and was attributed to the Gaon of Vilna by Eliezer Zweifel. An alternate shift of attribution was to R. Ephraim Zalman Margolioth. Attribution to a great rabbinic authority helped the explanation gain circulation and approval among the general rabbinic audience to the present day.","PeriodicalId":40667,"journal":{"name":"Zutot","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47071073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1163/18750214-bja10019
Shalem Yahalom
This article will demonstrate that Nahmanides’s statement regarding the unamended Palestinian Talmud relates to the sources cited in that work. The advantage of the Palestinian Talmud stemmed from the neglect suffered by that work which enabled it to escape the hegemony of the Babylonian Talmud whose textual versions were imposed on all other Oral Torah works. Of course, it also stemmed from the proximity of the Palestinian Talmud in both time and place to the Mishnah and Tosefta. This advantage lent great significance to the exegesis of these sources in the Palestinian Talmud.
{"title":"‘The Palestinian Talmud Was Not Tampered with by the Pens of Emenders’: Clarifying a Textual Version Rule","authors":"Shalem Yahalom","doi":"10.1163/18750214-bja10019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750214-bja10019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article will demonstrate that Nahmanides’s statement regarding the unamended Palestinian Talmud relates to the sources cited in that work. The advantage of the Palestinian Talmud stemmed from the neglect suffered by that work which enabled it to escape the hegemony of the Babylonian Talmud whose textual versions were imposed on all other Oral Torah works. Of course, it also stemmed from the proximity of the Palestinian Talmud in both time and place to the Mishnah and Tosefta. This advantage lent great significance to the exegesis of these sources in the Palestinian Talmud.","PeriodicalId":40667,"journal":{"name":"Zutot","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43765770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1163/18750214-bja10016
Amir Engel
The purpose of this essay is to examine one of Gershom Scholem’s most obscure undertakings, a proto-Dadaist and antiwar text that he published, together with a few friends, during the first year of World War One. As is shown, this project has drawn heavily from the work of one of the leading avant-garde poets, later among the founding members of the Dada movement in Zurich, Hugo Ball. Discussed side by side, the works of Gershom Scholem and Hugo Ball offer a unique view onto the anti-war sentiment and the need for experimental language in an attempt to express a disdain so profound and fundamental that words and sentences seem unable to capture.
{"title":"‘Jugendbewegung’: Gerhard Scholem as a Figure of the German Avant-Garde","authors":"Amir Engel","doi":"10.1163/18750214-bja10016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750214-bja10016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The purpose of this essay is to examine one of Gershom Scholem’s most obscure undertakings, a proto-Dadaist and antiwar text that he published, together with a few friends, during the first year of World War One. As is shown, this project has drawn heavily from the work of one of the leading avant-garde poets, later among the founding members of the Dada movement in Zurich, Hugo Ball. Discussed side by side, the works of Gershom Scholem and Hugo Ball offer a unique view onto the anti-war sentiment and the need for experimental language in an attempt to express a disdain so profound and fundamental that words and sentences seem unable to capture.","PeriodicalId":40667,"journal":{"name":"Zutot","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41827784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.1163/18750214-BJA10007
E. Rosenfeld
In this article, I present a midrashic reference to one mishnah of tractate Avot that would appear to undermine its canonical status. A close reading of the midrash, will show that it makes use of various satirical tools, including exaggeration and ridicule, which appear to be aimed at a mocking of the mishnah. However, further reading of the midrash in light of a more comprehensive look at tractate Avot will show that contrary to this initial impression, the use of satire may not be directed at undermining the canonical status of Avot but rather at strengthening it. According to this reading, the satire is directed at internal criticism that the midrash identifies in the heart of the mishnaic text, with the result that Avot’s status is restored.
{"title":"Canonization, Satire, and Criticism of Avot in Midrash Yelammedenu from the Genizah","authors":"E. Rosenfeld","doi":"10.1163/18750214-BJA10007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750214-BJA10007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In this article, I present a midrashic reference to one mishnah of tractate Avot that would appear to undermine its canonical status. A close reading of the midrash, will show that it makes use of various satirical tools, including exaggeration and ridicule, which appear to be aimed at a mocking of the mishnah. However, further reading of the midrash in light of a more comprehensive look at tractate Avot will show that contrary to this initial impression, the use of satire may not be directed at undermining the canonical status of Avot but rather at strengthening it. According to this reading, the satire is directed at internal criticism that the midrash identifies in the heart of the mishnaic text, with the result that Avot’s status is restored.","PeriodicalId":40667,"journal":{"name":"Zutot","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41435387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-21DOI: 10.1163/18750214-bja10017
Tamir Karkason
Barukh Mitrani was an Ottoman maskil who wandered between the Balkans, Istanbul and Palestine. While living in Edirne, Mitrani established his first periodical, Carmi (Pressburg 1881). Carmi’s issues were an ongoing maskilic sermon, drawing on a deep acquaintance with the Jewish bookshelf. This paper examines selections from the fifth article in Carmi, ‘Our Nationhood.’ Influenced by the moderate Haskalah, Mitrani idealized a ‘Golden Mean,’ which sought to balance the agendas of ‘the two poles’: insular Ultra-Orthodox Jews on the one hand, and secularized ‘Westernizers’ on the other. Mitrani also espoused a Jewish nationalism which had affinities with the Hebrew ‘republic of letters’ and the national resurgence in the Balkans. He perceived every Jew as part of three circles: the individual, the family, and the nation. Yet his nationalism was not separatist; he obliged Jews to remain loyal Ottoman citizens and promote the Sultanate while also settling in Palestine.
{"title":"Between Two Poles: Barukh Mitrani between Moderate Haskalah and Jewish Nationalism","authors":"Tamir Karkason","doi":"10.1163/18750214-bja10017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750214-bja10017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Barukh Mitrani was an Ottoman <em>maskil</em> who wandered between the Balkans, Istanbul and Palestine. While living in Edirne, Mitrani established his first periodical, <em>Carmi</em> (Pressburg 1881). <em>Carmi</em>’s issues were an ongoing maskilic sermon, drawing on a deep acquaintance with the Jewish bookshelf. This paper examines selections from the fifth article in <em>Carmi</em>, ‘Our Nationhood.’ Influenced by the moderate Haskalah, Mitrani idealized a ‘Golden Mean,’ which sought to balance the agendas of ‘the two poles’: insular Ultra-Orthodox Jews on the one hand, and secularized ‘Westernizers’ on the other. Mitrani also espoused a Jewish nationalism which had affinities with the Hebrew ‘republic of letters’ and the national resurgence in the Balkans. He perceived every Jew as part of three circles: the individual, the family, and the nation. Yet his nationalism was not separatist; he obliged Jews to remain loyal Ottoman citizens and promote the Sultanate while also settling in Palestine.</p>","PeriodicalId":40667,"journal":{"name":"Zutot","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-17DOI: 10.1163/18750214-BJA10015
Alex Harris, Michael Zellmann-Rohrer
This zuta provides an edition of a new copy of a known piyyut by Abraham ibn Ezra, ‘Goat beautiful of voice’ (יַעְלָה יְפַת קוֹל), with translation, full collation, and commentary. This copy, now in the collection of the University of Michigan (P.Mich. inv. 531), offers some valuable new readings as well as evidence for the readership of Ibn Ezra in a provincial setting in medieval Egypt, as its provenance can be traced to the city of Medinet el-Fayyūm; the text can be added to evidence for a Jewish presence there, of which an overview is also given.
这zuta提供一个版本的一个新副本的已知piyyut亚伯拉罕伊本以斯拉,“山羊美丽的声音”(יַעְלָהיְפַתקוֹל),翻译,全面整理,和评论。这份副本现为密歇根大学(University of Michigan)收藏。公元前531年)，提供了一些有价值的新读物，以及在中世纪埃及省设置伊本以斯拉的读者的证据，因为它的来源可以追溯到麦地那城el-Fayyūm;该文本可以添加到犹太人存在的证据中，对此也给出了概述。
{"title":"‘Goat Beautiful of Voice’: A Piyyut of Abraham ibn Ezra from Medinet el-Fayyūm, Egypt","authors":"Alex Harris, Michael Zellmann-Rohrer","doi":"10.1163/18750214-BJA10015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18750214-BJA10015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This zuta provides an edition of a new copy of a known piyyut by Abraham ibn Ezra, ‘Goat beautiful of voice’ (יַעְלָה יְפַת קוֹל), with translation, full collation, and commentary. This copy, now in the collection of the University of Michigan (P.Mich. inv. 531), offers some valuable new readings as well as evidence for the readership of Ibn Ezra in a provincial setting in medieval Egypt, as its provenance can be traced to the city of Medinet el-Fayyūm; the text can be added to evidence for a Jewish presence there, of which an overview is also given.","PeriodicalId":40667,"journal":{"name":"Zutot","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45852557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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