espanolEl estudio utiliza el analisis logistico multinivel aplicado a los resul-tados de los alumnos peruanos en las pruebas de rendimiento en Ciencia, Matematica y Lectura en la ronda PISA 2015. Se centra en dimensionar el impacto de los factores socioeconomicos y contextuales en el bajo desem-peno academico. La condicion social del alumno y la composicion social de su escuela destacan como los factores que afectan mayormente el bajo rendimiento, asociados a factores contextuales como la repeticion, la lengua materna, la matricula oportuna, la dimension de la escuela, el ausentismo y el genero. Asimismo, destaca la presencia de factores emocionales no contextuales que afectan la mayor probabilidad de riesgo academico, tales como el sentido de pertenencia a la escuela, la motivacion al logro y la ansiedad frente a las pruebas EnglishThis study applies a logistic multilevel analysis to the test results of Peruvian students in science, mathematics, and reading in the PISA 2015 round. It focuses on measuring the impact of student socioeconomic and contextual factors on low academic performance. The socioeconomic of the students and the socioeconomic composition of the school appear to be the main factors that affect the poor performance. Other contextual factors, such as repetition, mother tongue, school size, grade, non-truancy and gender, are associated with low achievement. It is also worth highligh-ting the presence of non-contextual emotional factors that affect academic risk such as sense of belonging to a school, achievement motivation, and test anxiety
这项研究使用了多层次逻辑分析，应用于秘鲁学生在2015年PISA回合的科学、数学和阅读成绩测试中的结果。它侧重于衡量社会经济和环境因素对低学术表现的影响。学生的社会状况和学校的社会构成是影响成绩不佳的主要因素，与重复、母语、及时入学、学校规模、旷课和性别等环境因素有关。还强调,存在不关联的情感因素影响academico风险概率较大,如归属感,上学前motivacion实现和焦虑适用证据EnglishThis研究总经理multilevel analysis to the test results of秘鲁students in science,数学的and reading in the比萨2015年一轮。它的重点是衡量学生的社会经济和环境因素对低学业成绩的影响。学生的社会经济状况和学校的社会经济构成似乎是影响成绩差的主要因素。其他相关因素，如重复、母亲的语言、学校规模、年级、非欺负性和性别，都与成绩低下有关。也值得强调影响学术风险的非情境情绪因素的存在，如对学校的归属感、成就动机和测试焦虑
{"title":"Factores socioeconómicos y contextuales asociados al bajo rendimiento académico de alumnos peruanos en PISA 2015","authors":"Luis Muelle","doi":"10.21678/apuntes.86.943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.86.943","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl estudio utiliza el analisis logistico multinivel aplicado a los resul-tados de los alumnos peruanos en las pruebas de rendimiento en Ciencia, Matematica y Lectura en la ronda PISA 2015. Se centra en dimensionar el impacto de los factores socioeconomicos y contextuales en el bajo desem-peno academico. La condicion social del alumno y la composicion social de su escuela destacan como los factores que afectan mayormente el bajo rendimiento, asociados a factores contextuales como la repeticion, la lengua materna, la matricula oportuna, la dimension de la escuela, el ausentismo y el genero. Asimismo, destaca la presencia de factores emocionales no contextuales que afectan la mayor probabilidad de riesgo academico, tales como el sentido de pertenencia a la escuela, la motivacion al logro y la ansiedad frente a las pruebas EnglishThis study applies a logistic multilevel analysis to the test results of Peruvian students in science, mathematics, and reading in the PISA 2015 round. It focuses on measuring the impact of student socioeconomic and contextual factors on low academic performance. The socioeconomic of the students and the socioeconomic composition of the school appear to be the main factors that affect the poor performance. Other contextual factors, such as repetition, mother tongue, school size, grade, non-truancy and gender, are associated with low achievement. It is also worth highligh-ting the presence of non-contextual emotional factors that affect academic risk such as sense of belonging to a school, achievement motivation, and test anxiety","PeriodicalId":40995,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes-Revista de Ciencias Sociales","volume":"29 1","pages":"117-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67820485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ohanna Larissa Fraga Pereira, Vinicius Silva Santos, Guilherme Jonas Costa da Silva, Sibele Vasconcelos de Oliveira
espanolDebido a las diversas vulnerabilidades socioeconomicas y la representatividad de la juventud brasilena, este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar una medida multidimensional de la pobreza para este publico en las cinco principales regiones del pais. Para ello, se utilizo el metodo Alki-re-Foster con la base de datos recopilada en la PNAD (2015). La muestra fue compuesta por 85.388 individuos, investigados en cuatro dimensiones y 12 indicadores de privacion. Los resultados senalaron que la incidencia de pobreza afecta al 11,4% de los jovenes brasilenos y el IPM del pais fue del 4,5%, donde los mayores indices de privacion correspondieron a las regiones Norte y Nordeste, mayores que el promedio nacional. Los indicadores que mas contribuyeron para este estado de privacion fueron: acceso a internet, grado educativo, acceso a la red de alcantarillado y recoleccion de basura. EnglishGiven the representativeness of Brazil’s youth population and the various socioeconomic vulnerabilities they face, the present study aims to provide a multidimensional measure of poverty for this population group across the country’s five macroregions. To this end, the Alkire-Foster method is used along with a database from the National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, PNAD, 2015). The sample consists of 85,388 individuals, analyzed across four dimensions and twelve indicators of deprivation. The results indicate that the incidence of poverty among Brazilian youth is 11.4% and that the country’s MPI is 4.5%, with the North and Northeast macroregions presenting deprivation indices higher than the national average. The indicators that most contributed to deprivation are internet access, educational level, access to a sewerage network, and garbage collection
{"title":"Sobre el futuro y la juventud de Brasil: un análisis de la incidencia de la pobreza multidimensional en las grandes regiones","authors":"Ohanna Larissa Fraga Pereira, Vinicius Silva Santos, Guilherme Jonas Costa da Silva, Sibele Vasconcelos de Oliveira","doi":"10.21678/apuntes.86.937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.86.937","url":null,"abstract":"espanolDebido a las diversas vulnerabilidades socioeconomicas y la representatividad de la juventud brasilena, este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar una medida multidimensional de la pobreza para este publico en las cinco principales regiones del pais. Para ello, se utilizo el metodo Alki-re-Foster con la base de datos recopilada en la PNAD (2015). La muestra fue compuesta por 85.388 individuos, investigados en cuatro dimensiones y 12 indicadores de privacion. Los resultados senalaron que la incidencia de pobreza afecta al 11,4% de los jovenes brasilenos y el IPM del pais fue del 4,5%, donde los mayores indices de privacion correspondieron a las regiones Norte y Nordeste, mayores que el promedio nacional. Los indicadores que mas contribuyeron para este estado de privacion fueron: acceso a internet, grado educativo, acceso a la red de alcantarillado y recoleccion de basura. EnglishGiven the representativeness of Brazil’s youth population and the various socioeconomic vulnerabilities they face, the present study aims to provide a multidimensional measure of poverty for this population group across the country’s five macroregions. To this end, the Alkire-Foster method is used along with a database from the National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, PNAD, 2015). The sample consists of 85,388 individuals, analyzed across four dimensions and twelve indicators of deprivation. The results indicate that the incidence of poverty among Brazilian youth is 11.4% and that the country’s MPI is 4.5%, with the North and Northeast macroregions presenting deprivation indices higher than the national average. The indicators that most contributed to deprivation are internet access, educational level, access to a sewerage network, and garbage collection","PeriodicalId":40995,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes-Revista de Ciencias Sociales","volume":"47 1","pages":"61-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67820479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21678/apuntes.86.1231
M. Montero, G. Rodríguez, Luis Araya-Castillo
espanolCosta Rica es un pais con amplia experiencia en el desarrollo de cooperativas, las cuales han ocupado un lugar importante en sus estrate-gias de desarrollo y han generado un importante volumen y diversidad de iniciativas. Historicamente, las cooperativas han tenido un impacto en el desarrollo humano a traves de la generacion de empleo y la reduccion de la pobreza y la desigualdad. Por otro lado, el concepto de trabajo decente constituye un enfoque integral del trabajo, de manera que promoverlo significa tambien cambiar la forma en que funciona la economia global, para que sus beneficios lleguen cada vez a mas personas. El objetivo de este articulo es la medicion de la variable del trabajo decente en las cooperativas de autogestion costarricenses EnglishCosta Rica is a country with extensive experience in the deve-lopment of cooperatives, which have occupied an important place in the development strategies of the country, generating a significant volume and diversity of initiatives. Historically, cooperatives have had an impact on human development through the generation of employment and reduction of poverty and inequality. On the other hand, the concept of decent work is an integral approach to work, so that promoting it also means changing the way the global economy works, so that its benefits reach more and more people. The objective of this article is the measurement of the variable of decent work in Costa Rican self-management cooperatives.
哥斯达黎加是一个在发展合作社方面具有丰富经验的国家，合作社在其发展战略中占有重要地位，并产生了大量和多样化的倡议。从历史上看，合作社通过创造就业机会、减少贫困和不平等对人类发展产生了影响。另一方面，体面工作的概念是对工作的一种综合方法，因此促进体面工作也意味着改变全球经济的运作方式，使其利益惠及越来越多的人。这篇文章的目的是体面工作的variable medicion合作社哥斯达黎加autogestion EnglishCosta丰富is a country with广泛的experience in the deve-lopment of occupied合作社,which have an important place in the development strategies of the country,创造of倡议促请volume和多样化。从历史上看，合作社通过创造就业和减少贫困和不平等对人类发展产生了影响。另一方面，体面工作的概念是一种全面的工作方式，因此，促进体面工作也意味着改变全球经济的运作方式，使其惠及越来越多的人。本文的目的是衡量哥斯达黎加自我管理合作社体面工作的变量。
{"title":"Medición del trabajo decente en las cooperativas de autogestión: aplicación en Costa Rica","authors":"M. Montero, G. Rodríguez, Luis Araya-Castillo","doi":"10.21678/apuntes.86.1231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.86.1231","url":null,"abstract":"espanolCosta Rica es un pais con amplia experiencia en el desarrollo de cooperativas, las cuales han ocupado un lugar importante en sus estrate-gias de desarrollo y han generado un importante volumen y diversidad de iniciativas. Historicamente, las cooperativas han tenido un impacto en el desarrollo humano a traves de la generacion de empleo y la reduccion de la pobreza y la desigualdad. Por otro lado, el concepto de trabajo decente constituye un enfoque integral del trabajo, de manera que promoverlo significa tambien cambiar la forma en que funciona la economia global, para que sus beneficios lleguen cada vez a mas personas. El objetivo de este articulo es la medicion de la variable del trabajo decente en las cooperativas de autogestion costarricenses EnglishCosta Rica is a country with extensive experience in the deve-lopment of cooperatives, which have occupied an important place in the development strategies of the country, generating a significant volume and diversity of initiatives. Historically, cooperatives have had an impact on human development through the generation of employment and reduction of poverty and inequality. On the other hand, the concept of decent work is an integral approach to work, so that promoting it also means changing the way the global economy works, so that its benefits reach more and more people. The objective of this article is the measurement of the variable of decent work in Costa Rican self-management cooperatives.","PeriodicalId":40995,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes-Revista de Ciencias Sociales","volume":"47 1","pages":"183-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67819482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21678/apuntes.87.1347
J. C. Serna
{"title":"Armas Asín, Fernando. Una historia del turismo en el Perú. El Estado, los visitantes y los empresarios (1800-2000). (Dos volúmenes). Lima: Universidad de San Martín de Porres, 2018. 570 pp.","authors":"J. C. Serna","doi":"10.21678/apuntes.87.1347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.87.1347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40995,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes-Revista de Ciencias Sociales","volume":"47 1","pages":"255-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67820531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolEl presente articulo analiza el impacto de la crisis de 1929 y de la fuerte importacion de textiles japoneses en el sector de textiles de algodon peruano en la decada de 1930, y como las empresas lideres del sector enfrentaron esta situacion mediante la gestion de medidas de pro-teccion ante el Gobierno. Para comprenderlo, primero se contextualiza presentando las caracteristicas de las empresas que lideraban la industria textil antes de 1929. Se plantea que la crisis de 1929 y el incremento de la importacion japonesa crearon perdidas en el sector textil que impul-saron a las empresas lideres a movilizar su capacidad de influenciar en el Gobierno y lograr su proteccion, situacion que no se habian dado en los periodos previos. EnglishThis article analyzes the impact of the financial crisis of 1929 and large Japanese textile imports on the Peruvian cotton textile sector in the 1930s, and how leading enterprises defended themselves. We start by descri-bing the characteristics of the enterprises that led the textile industry before 1929. We then suggest that the 1929 crisis and the increase in Japanese imports led textile entrepreneurs to mobilize their capacity to influence the government in order to protect their companies, something that had not occurred in previous periods.
{"title":"En defensa del mercado interno. Importación japonesa y empresarios textiles en el Perú, 1929-1939","authors":"Juan Franco Lobo Collantes","doi":"10.21678/apuntes.86.931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.86.931","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl presente articulo analiza el impacto de la crisis de 1929 y de la fuerte importacion de textiles japoneses en el sector de textiles de algodon peruano en la decada de 1930, y como las empresas lideres del sector enfrentaron esta situacion mediante la gestion de medidas de pro-teccion ante el Gobierno. Para comprenderlo, primero se contextualiza presentando las caracteristicas de las empresas que lideraban la industria textil antes de 1929. Se plantea que la crisis de 1929 y el incremento de la importacion japonesa crearon perdidas en el sector textil que impul-saron a las empresas lideres a movilizar su capacidad de influenciar en el Gobierno y lograr su proteccion, situacion que no se habian dado en los periodos previos. EnglishThis article analyzes the impact of the financial crisis of 1929 and large Japanese textile imports on the Peruvian cotton textile sector in the 1930s, and how leading enterprises defended themselves. We start by descri-bing the characteristics of the enterprises that led the textile industry before 1929. We then suggest that the 1929 crisis and the increase in Japanese imports led textile entrepreneurs to mobilize their capacity to influence the government in order to protect their companies, something that had not occurred in previous periods.","PeriodicalId":40995,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes-Revista de Ciencias Sociales","volume":"47 1","pages":"91-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67820464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21678/apuntes.86.1232
Viviana Fridman, A. Otero
espanolLa inclusion laboral joven convoca a un debate sobre sus proble-maticas y las alternativas para atenderla. Este texto presenta hallazgos de un estudio sobre la Cooperativa Mundo de zapatillas xx, experiencia ligada a la economia social y gestada en la decada de 2000 en el marco de profundas reestructuraciones en las formas organizativas del trabajo asalariado. Aqui, intereso indagar en su genesis, asi como en la dinamica de su organizacion productiva y laboral, a la luz de su potencialidad como caso que nuclea una amplia proporcion de trabajadores jovenes. Se adopto una metodologia cualitativa mediante la realizacion de entrevistas semiestructuradas mas encuestas, y como hallazgos se identificaron caracteristicas que permiten considerarla un espacio de capacitacion e insercion laboral con apertura a la poblacion joven sin experiencias previas EnglishThe topic of youth labor inclusion requires a debate on the pro-blematics of the issue and alternatives to address it. This article presents the findings of a study of the Cooperativa Mundo de zapatillas xx in Argentina, a social economy experience, which was created in the 2000s at a time when a profound restructuring of the organization of salaried labor was taking place. The study focuses on how the cooperative was formed and on the organization of its productive activities and its labor force in order to review its potential as a case that includes a high proportion of young workers. Qualitative methodology was employed consisting of semi-structured interviews in addition to surveys. The findings identify the characteristics that make this cooperative a space for training and labor insertion which is open to young people without previous experience.
西班牙青年劳工包容呼吁就其问题和解决这些问题的替代方案进行辩论。本文提出了一项关于合作社世界zapatillas xx的研究结果，这是一项与社会经济有关的经验，诞生于2000年，在工资劳动组织形式的深刻重组的背景下。在这里，我感兴趣的是调查它的起源，以及它的生产和劳动组织的动态，鉴于它作为一个案例的潜力，形成了大量的年轻工人。承担了一个质的metodologia通过realizacion面试、确定更多的调查,发现caracteristicas未必能够培训空间和insercion岗位与先前开放年轻没有经验不合EnglishThe和钟青年工作融入requires the pro-blematics of the issue辩论针对it问题的替代办法。本文介绍了阿根廷合作社Mundo de zapatillas xx的研究结果，这是一种社会经济经验，创建于2000年，当时正在进行一场大规模的工资劳动组织重组。研究的重点是合作社是如何形成的，以及合作社的生产活动和劳动力的组织方式，以便审查合作社的潜力，因为合作社中青年工人的比例很高。采用定性方法，除调查外，还采用半结构化访谈。这些调查结果确定了使该合作社成为培训和劳动融合空间的特点，并向以前没有经验的年轻人开放。
{"title":"El cooperativismo como mecanismo de inclusion laboral joven: un estudio de caso en Argentina","authors":"Viviana Fridman, A. Otero","doi":"10.21678/apuntes.86.1232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.86.1232","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa inclusion laboral joven convoca a un debate sobre sus proble-maticas y las alternativas para atenderla. Este texto presenta hallazgos de un estudio sobre la Cooperativa Mundo de zapatillas xx, experiencia ligada a la economia social y gestada en la decada de 2000 en el marco de profundas reestructuraciones en las formas organizativas del trabajo asalariado. Aqui, intereso indagar en su genesis, asi como en la dinamica de su organizacion productiva y laboral, a la luz de su potencialidad como caso que nuclea una amplia proporcion de trabajadores jovenes. Se adopto una metodologia cualitativa mediante la realizacion de entrevistas semiestructuradas mas encuestas, y como hallazgos se identificaron caracteristicas que permiten considerarla un espacio de capacitacion e insercion laboral con apertura a la poblacion joven sin experiencias previas EnglishThe topic of youth labor inclusion requires a debate on the pro-blematics of the issue and alternatives to address it. This article presents the findings of a study of the Cooperativa Mundo de zapatillas xx in Argentina, a social economy experience, which was created in the 2000s at a time when a profound restructuring of the organization of salaried labor was taking place. The study focuses on how the cooperative was formed and on the organization of its productive activities and its labor force in order to review its potential as a case that includes a high proportion of young workers. Qualitative methodology was employed consisting of semi-structured interviews in addition to surveys. The findings identify the characteristics that make this cooperative a space for training and labor insertion which is open to young people without previous experience.","PeriodicalId":40995,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes-Revista de Ciencias Sociales","volume":"35 1","pages":"33-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67819583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolEste articulo analiza el prolongado debate existente en la bibliografia sobre los meritos relativos para la eleccion de mujeres a traves de listas abiertas y cerradas; describe los muy distintos sistemas empleados en las elecciones congresales y municipales en el Peru; y examina las disparidades existentes entre Lima y las provincias del pais desde una perspectiva de genero. Una serie de comparaciones empiricas demuestran que el tipo de listas no reviste mayor importancia en la capital, pero que las listas cerradas favorecen mucho mas a candidatas mujeres en provincias, donde el contexto socioeconomico y la cultura politica alientan menos a las mujeres EnglishThis article reviews the longstanding debate in the literature on electoral systems regarding the relative merits of open and closed lists for the election of women, describes the very different systems used in congressional and municipal elections in Peru, and examines gendered disparities between Lima and the provinces. A series of empirical com-parisons demonstrates that the type of list is not of great importance in the capital, but that female candidates fare better under closed lists in the provinces, where the socioeconomic context and political culture are less supportive of women.
本文分析了文献中关于通过公开和封闭名单选举妇女的相对优点的长期辩论;描述秘鲁国会和市政选举中使用的非常不同的制度;它从性别的角度审查了利马和全国各省之间的差距。一系列比较表明empiricas类型清单没有更重要的资本,但封闭性名单候选人远远超过支持妇女在省socioeconomico背景和政治文化不鼓励妇女EnglishThis条反革命分子选举辩论longstanding in the文献》关于优缺点open systems and推出去年新长官的妇女,它描述了秘鲁国会和市级选举中使用的非常不同的制度，并审查了利马和各省之间的性别差异。一系列实证比较表明，名单的类型在首都并不重要，但在各省，女性候选人在封闭名单下表现更好，因为各省的社会经济背景和政治文化对妇女的支持较少。
{"title":"¿Favorecen a las candidatas las listas abiertas o cerradas?: comparaciones entre Lima y las provincias en el Perú","authors":"Gregory D. Schmidt","doi":"10.21678/apuntes.86.930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.86.930","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste articulo analiza el prolongado debate existente en la bibliografia sobre los meritos relativos para la eleccion de mujeres a traves de listas abiertas y cerradas; describe los muy distintos sistemas empleados en las elecciones congresales y municipales en el Peru; y examina las disparidades existentes entre Lima y las provincias del pais desde una perspectiva de genero. Una serie de comparaciones empiricas demuestran que el tipo de listas no reviste mayor importancia en la capital, pero que las listas cerradas favorecen mucho mas a candidatas mujeres en provincias, donde el contexto socioeconomico y la cultura politica alientan menos a las mujeres EnglishThis article reviews the longstanding debate in the literature on electoral systems regarding the relative merits of open and closed lists for the election of women, describes the very different systems used in congressional and municipal elections in Peru, and examines gendered disparities between Lima and the provinces. A series of empirical com-parisons demonstrates that the type of list is not of great importance in the capital, but that female candidates fare better under closed lists in the provinces, where the socioeconomic context and political culture are less supportive of women.","PeriodicalId":40995,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes-Revista de Ciencias Sociales","volume":"47 1","pages":"155-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67820322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es estimar el impacto del programa social Pension 65 sobre el gasto per capita en alimentos. El estudio se basa en una perspectiva metodologica cuantitativa, con la tecnica de doble diferencia con propensity score matching (DD-PSM). Para este fin, se utilizan la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (Enaho) 2017-2018, tanto para grupo de tratamiento como para el de control.La unidad de analisis son los hogares del Peru a nivel nacional que participan dos anos consecutivos en el programa, y se toma como linea de base el ano 2017. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el gasto per capita en alimentos se ha incrementado en un 15,02% para aquellos hogares beneficiarios del programa Pension 65 EnglishThe objective of this article is to estimate the impact of the Pension 65 social program on per capita expenditures on food. The study is based on a quantitative methodological perspective, using the differences-in-differences technique with propensity score matching (DD-PSM). For this purpose, the database of the 2017-2018 National Household Survey (ENAHO) is used, both for the treatment and the control group. The unit of analysis are Peruvian households at the national level that participated in the program for two consecutive years, with 2017 as the baseline. The results obtained indicate that per capita expenditure on food has increased by 15.02% for those households that receive the Pension 65 program.
{"title":"Impacto del programa social Pensión 65 sobre el gasto en alimentos 2017-2018","authors":"Juan Inquilla Mamani, A. Mendoza","doi":"10.21678/apuntes.86.985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.86.985","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es estimar el impacto del programa social Pension 65 sobre el gasto per capita en alimentos. El estudio se basa en una perspectiva metodologica cuantitativa, con la tecnica de doble diferencia con propensity score matching (DD-PSM). Para este fin, se utilizan la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (Enaho) 2017-2018, tanto para grupo de tratamiento como para el de control.La unidad de analisis son los hogares del Peru a nivel nacional que participan dos anos consecutivos en el programa, y se toma como linea de base el ano 2017. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el gasto per capita en alimentos se ha incrementado en un 15,02% para aquellos hogares beneficiarios del programa Pension 65 EnglishThe objective of this article is to estimate the impact of the Pension 65 social program on per capita expenditures on food. The study is based on a quantitative methodological perspective, using the differences-in-differences technique with propensity score matching (DD-PSM). For this purpose, the database of the 2017-2018 National Household Survey (ENAHO) is used, both for the treatment and the control group. The unit of analysis are Peruvian households at the national level that participated in the program for two consecutive years, with 2017 as the baseline. The results obtained indicate that per capita expenditure on food has increased by 15.02% for those households that receive the Pension 65 program.","PeriodicalId":40995,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes-Revista de Ciencias Sociales","volume":"47 1","pages":"215-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67820499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolEl presente articulo busca demostrar que el interes de un sector de la elite peruana por modernizar la educacion publica a inicios del siglo XX, y utilizarla como herramienta de modernizacion indigena, estaba intimamente ligado a la concepcion racial con que esta veia a la sociedad peruana. Esta vision no quedo solo en los discursos sino que se materializo en el aumento del presupuesto educativo, una vision limitada de la educacion rural y la implementacion de escuelas de formacion docente diferenciadas. EnglishThis article seeks to demonstrate that the interest of a sector of Peru’s elite in modernizing public education, and using it as a tool for indigenous modernization, was closely linked with their racial conceptualization of Peruvian society in the early 20th century. This vision is evident in speeches as well as in increases to the education budget, constraints placed on rural edu-cation, and the implementation of differentiated teacher-training schools.
{"title":"La reforma educativa de 1905: Estado, indígenas y políticas racializadas en la República Aristocrática","authors":"Jorge Alberto Ccahuana Córdova","doi":"10.21678/apuntes.86.880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.86.880","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl presente articulo busca demostrar que el interes de un sector de la elite peruana por modernizar la educacion publica a inicios del siglo XX, y utilizarla como herramienta de modernizacion indigena, estaba intimamente ligado a la concepcion racial con que esta veia a la sociedad peruana. Esta vision no quedo solo en los discursos sino que se materializo en el aumento del presupuesto educativo, una vision limitada de la educacion rural y la implementacion de escuelas de formacion docente diferenciadas. EnglishThis article seeks to demonstrate that the interest of a sector of Peru’s elite in modernizing public education, and using it as a tool for indigenous modernization, was closely linked with their racial conceptualization of Peruvian society in the early 20th century. This vision is evident in speeches as well as in increases to the education budget, constraints placed on rural edu-cation, and the implementation of differentiated teacher-training schools.","PeriodicalId":40995,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes-Revista de Ciencias Sociales","volume":"47 1","pages":"5-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67819188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.21678/apuntes.87.1348
M. Paredes
{"title":"Bebbington, A., Abdulai, A.-G., Bebbington, D. H., Hinfelaar, M., & Sanborn, C. (2019). Gobernanza de las industrias extractivas: política, historia, ideas. Lima: Universidad del Pacífico. 352 pp.","authors":"M. Paredes","doi":"10.21678/apuntes.87.1348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.87.1348","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40995,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes-Revista de Ciencias Sociales","volume":"47 1","pages":"258-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67820538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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