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Introducing a local legal vocabulary in a Latin context 在拉丁语境中介绍当地法律词汇
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-11-02 DOI: 10.24989/fs.v50i3-4.1500
Hans Låndqvist, Lena Rogström
In this article, the use and consolidation of legal vocabulary is investigated in two Swedish legal handbooks from the 17th century written by Clas Rålamb and Claudius Kloot respectively. Both handbooks were written in Swedish but include elements in Latin. Sections of the handbooks that deal with civil cases were analyzed from a lexicological starting point. The 106 legal concepts (LC) and 169 lexical units (LU) identified are sorted into four central semantic areas of the legal process: ACTIONS, ARENAS, PARTICIPANTS and TOOLS. Kloot uses more LCs and more LUs than Rålamb who, on the other hand, shows greater lexical differentiation than Kloot. Rålamb is also shown to use a greater number of Latin LUs than Kloot. The area of TOOLS has the closest connection to Latin. Both authors make use of Latin LUs that are still part of Swedish legal vocabulary. Kloot has a stronger tendency to use Swedish LUs when possible, while Rålamb more freely combines Swedish and Latin LUs. Rålamb’s and Kloot’s use of Latin and Swedish LUs is discussed as well as their policies regarding the use of Latin and Swedish. Finally, the lexication of Latin and Swedish LUs in the legal domain in Swedish is discussed.
在这篇文章中,法律词汇的使用和巩固在两本17世纪瑞典法律手册中进行了调查,分别由Clas r lamb和Claudius Kloot撰写。这两本手册都是用瑞典语写的,但包含了拉丁语的元素。手册中涉及民事案件的部分从词汇学的角度进行了分析。106个法律概念(LC)和169个词汇单位(LU)被划分为法律过程的四个中心语义区域:ACTIONS、ARENAS、PARTICIPANTS和TOOLS。Kloot比r lamb使用更多的LCs和LUs,另一方面,r lamb比Kloot表现出更大的词汇分化。r lamb也比Kloot使用更多的拉丁字母。TOOLS领域与拉丁语的联系最为密切。两位作者都使用了至今仍是瑞典法律词汇的一部分的拉丁语LUs。Kloot在可能的情况下更倾向于使用瑞典语的语言,而r lamb则更自由地结合了瑞典语和拉丁语的语言。讨论了r lamb和Kloot对拉丁语和瑞典语的使用,以及他们对拉丁语和瑞典语使用的政策。最后,讨论了瑞典语法律领域中拉丁文和瑞典语法律词汇的用法。
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引用次数: 2
Supportive Medien in der wissensvermittelnden Hochschulkommunikation. Analyse des handlungszwecks von Kreidetafel, OHP, PPT und Interactive Whiteboard 位于知识代媒的支持媒体。大字黑板、OHP、比特和互动白板的操作分析
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-11-02 DOI: 10.24989/FS.V50I3-4.1711
Arne Krause
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引用次数: 1
Lexical Metaphor as Judgment: Attitudinal positioning of editorial writers in business newspapers 作为判断的词汇隐喻:商业报纸社论作者的态度定位
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-11-02 DOI: 10.24989/FS.V40I3-4.1479
H. Katajamäki, M. Koskela
Drawing on appraisal theory, this paper aims to analyze how the attitudinal positioning of writers of the editorials of business newspapers can be construed by means of lexical metaphors. The focus is on judgment, the evaluation of human actors, because it indicates the subjective presence of a writer. Based on a dataset o3f 32 editorials of two Finnish business newspapers, the results show that the lexical metaphors used during assessments are mostly dead metaphors, representing the source domains of competition and sports, humans and animals, and war, battle, and violence. The most common targets of judgment are institutional actors that are described by the meanings of capacity, tenacity, and propriety. Economic actors are mostly evaluated positively while political actors are mostly evaluated negatively. Cases where economic actors are evaluated negatively and where individual persons are mentioned are unusual but do arise. In general, judgments in editorials reflect the shared values and ideological beliefs of the papers and their readers. Lexical metaphors offer a subtle way of praising and criticizing institutions and individual people, which makes them an important way of communicating as expected in a discourse community.
本文旨在运用评价理论,分析如何利用词汇隐喻来解释商业报纸社论作者的态度定位。重点是判断,对人类演员的评价,因为它表明了作家的主观存在。基于两家芬兰商业报纸的32篇社论的数据集,结果表明,在评估过程中使用的词汇隐喻大多是死隐喻,代表了竞争和体育、人类和动物、战争、战斗和暴力的来源领域。判断的最常见目标是由能力、坚韧和适当的含义所描述的制度行为者。经济行为者大多得到正面评价,而政治行为者大多得到负面评价。负面评价经济行为者和提及个人的情况并不常见,但确实会出现。一般来说,社论中的判断反映了报纸及其读者的共同价值观和意识形态信仰。词汇隐喻提供了一种微妙的赞扬和批评机构和个人的方式,这使它们成为话语社区中预期的重要交流方式。
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引用次数: 0
Journalistic news writing 新闻写作
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-11-02 DOI: 10.24989/FS.V50I3-4.1517
R. Haugaard
News media possess an orchestrating, manipulating power over the public debate; they create the framework in which we discuss events and learn about ourselves and our surroundings. At the same time, news products provide much of our foundation for knowing about the world we inhabit. However, we lack empirical knowledge about the process of writing news texts, i.e. knowledge about the choices made by journalists as to what to communicate and how to communicate it, in other words, the decisions they make as regards content and linguistic form, respectively. Revisions made during writing yield insights into the progression of a text, providing a signficant element to the understanding of how journalists juggle content and form in their mediation of knowledge. Thus, (NN 2016) of journalists’ revision activity when producing a text. The study was designed as a multiple case study and explored different aspects of revisions occurring during three specific instances of professional text producers’ ordinary writing practices as they unfolded in their natural setting in an editorial office of a major Spanish newspaper. Placing the research agenda at the center and with a view to presenting a description as comprehensive as possible of the revisions made during the writing processes, the study applied a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, i.e. keystroke logging, participant observation and retrospective interviews. For each journalist, the study investigated the characteristics of the revisions of content and form separately. In this sense, the study examined time of occurrence during the writing process, revision type, such as addition, omission and substitution and the possible relation between timing and revision type. Moreover, the study analysed the distribution of revisions between content and form and the differences between and similarities shared by the three journalists. To operationalise the content-form dichotomy, the analysis builds on Faigley/Witte’s (1981) taxonomy. Accordingly, content revisions add new content or omit existing content that cannot otherwise be inferred from the extant text. By contrast, revisions that only affect the form of the text neither omit nor substitute original content that cannot be inferred from the extant text as it is, nor do they add content that cannot already be inferred. When tracking the text production process as it unfolds in computer-based writing, the continuous revisions made as part of the ongoing text production process become visible to the researcher. At any given point during writing, the written text can be revised at its leading edge, where new text is being transcribed, and in the text already written, i.e. after the text has been transcribed. This distinction between revisions according to their location, i.e. in the text currently being transcribed (pre-contextual revision) or in the text already transcribed (contextual revision) is relevant when the effect of a revision (conten
新闻媒体拥有对公众辩论进行策划和操纵的权力;它们创造了一个框架,我们在其中讨论事件,了解我们自己和我们的环境。与此同时,新闻产品为我们了解我们所居住的世界提供了很多基础。然而,我们缺乏关于新闻文本写作过程的经验知识,即关于记者选择传播什么和如何传播的知识,换句话说,他们分别在内容和语言形式方面做出决定。在写作过程中所做的修订产生洞察文本的进展,提供了一个重要的元素,以了解记者如何兼顾内容和形式在他们的知识调解。因此,(NN 2016)记者在生成文本时的修改活动。该研究被设计为一个多案例研究,并探讨了在专业文本生产者的普通写作实践的三个具体实例中发生的修订的不同方面,因为他们在西班牙一家主要报纸的编辑部的自然环境中展开。本研究以研究议程为中心,为了尽可能全面地描述在写作过程中所做的修订,本研究采用了定性和定量方法的混合,即按键记录、参与者观察和回顾性访谈。对于每个记者,研究分别调查了内容和形式修订的特点。从这个意义上说,本研究考察了写作过程中发生的时间、修改类型,如添加、省略和替换,以及时间与修改类型之间可能存在的关系。此外,该研究还分析了三名记者在内容和形式上的修改分布,以及他们之间的异同。为了操作内容-形式二分法,分析建立在Faigley/Witte(1981)分类法的基础上。因此,内容修订添加新内容或省略无法从现有文本推断出的现有内容。相比之下,只影响文本形式的修订既不会省略也不会替换无法从现有文本中推断出来的原始内容,也不会添加无法推断出来的内容。当在计算机写作中跟踪文本生产过程时,作为正在进行的文本生产过程的一部分,研究者可以看到不断进行的修订。在写作过程中的任何给定点,书面文本都可以在其前缘进行修改,在新文本被转录的地方,以及在已经写好的文本中,即在文本被转录之后。当要解释修订的效果(内容或形式)时,根据修订的位置,即在当前正在转录的文本中(上下文前修订)或在已经转录的文本中(上下文修订)对修订进行区分是相关的;一般来说,只有上下文修改的效果是可以单独根据击键记录来解释的。修订分析的方法受到Lindgren/Sullivan (2006a, 2006b)与Stevenson/Schoonen/de Glopper(2006)合作开发的在线修订分类法的启发。然而,分类法被证明不够准确,无法进行操作,而且过于粗糙,无法对数据中所有可解释的修订进行分类。因此,在现有理论和数据的基础上,建立了一个严格而细致的分析框架。该框架将文本生产过程中所做的修订置于语义意义上下文的连续体上。在连续体的一端是潜在的最完整的语义有意义的语境,由补句字符结束的句子表示,在另一端是语义无意义的语境。在这两个端点之间,连续体包含可能不太完整的语义有意义的上下文,例如没有补句字符的语义有意义的句子和语义有意义的短语。通过引入关于修订是否在语义上有意义的上下文中进行的解释,分析框架将自己与更客观的修订位置分类保持距离,这些分类位于前沿或转录文本中。这样就可以对可以解释前沿修订效果的上下文进行系统化,而在已经转录的文本中进行的修订效果无法解释的上下文进行系统化。该研究的探索性和定性性质为记者的修改活动提供了详细的分析,并为他们的文本制作提供了细致入微的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Data science and communications management 数据科学和通信管理
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.15173/JPC.V5I2.3745
A. Sévigny
In this editorial for issue two of volume five of the Journal of ProfessionalCommunication, the author discusses how data science is changingthe communications landscape. He suggests that advances intechnology are making it easier to learn about and communicate withpublics. The author challenges communciations professionals to makebetter use of this new technology in their own work.
在《Journal of ProfessionalCommunication》第五卷第二期的这篇社论中,作者讨论了数据科学是如何改变通信领域的。他认为,科技的进步使人们更容易了解公众并与之交流。作者向通信专业人员提出挑战,要求他们在自己的工作中更好地利用这项新技术。
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引用次数: 1
Thirty percent off Ontario tuition 安大略省学费减免30%
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.15173/JPC.V5I2.3751
D. Tisch
The Argyle Public Relationships team worked with the Ministryof Training, Colleges, and Universities to develop a campaignfor a government program providing tuition rebates topost-secondary students. Argyle used research-based communicationsand evaluated the student environment, identifyingkey issues — including the narrowness of the program scope,difficulty of completing the application, an unidentified targetaudience, and potential controversy — and strategies to addressthem. By focusing on “student-to-student” communications,finding ways to pre-qualify students, and pairing oncampusinteraction with online socialization, the team madeface-to-face contact with 29,000 students on 47 campuses in 21days, resulting in a 27.5% increase of registrations on average.
阿盖尔公共关系小组与培训、学院和大学部合作,为一项政府项目开展了一项活动,为中学生提供学费回扣。Argyle采用基于研究的沟通方式,评估了学生环境,确定了关键问题——包括项目范围狭窄、完成申请的难度、目标受众不明以及潜在的争议——以及解决这些问题的策略。通过专注于“学生与学生”的交流,寻找预先获得学生资格的方法,并将校园互动与在线社交相结合,该团队在21天内与47所大学的29,000名学生进行了面对面的接触,使注册人数平均增加了27.5%。
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引用次数: 0
Liberal vs. professional advertising education 自由与专业广告教育
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.15173/JPC.V5I2.3747
R. Spring, A. Nesterenko
The issue of liberal vs. professional education is central to theconversation about advertising education. Practitioners influencethe development of advertising curricula, so it is necessaryto have data representing their views. A national survey wasconducted with 366 practitioners in the United States. Findingsshow that practitioners believe a four-year college degree isimportant. They also believe that the best educational formatincludes a balance of liberal and professional education. Practitionersbelieve soft skills should be taught, though the mostattainable entry-level jobs require digital technology skills.Digital technology also is identified as the most significant challengefor the field.
自由教育与专业教育的问题是广告教育讨论的核心。从业者影响着广告课程的发展,所以有必要有代表他们观点的数据。一项对美国366名从业人员进行的全国性调查。调查结果显示,从业人员认为四年制大学学位很重要。他们还认为,最好的教育形式包括自由教育和专业教育的平衡。从业人员认为应该教授软技能,尽管最稳定的入门级工作需要数字技术技能。数字技术也被认为是该领域面临的最大挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Public relations in strategic management 战略管理中的公共关系
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.15173/jpc.v5i2.3749
Mark Dottori
This article proposes that it is advantageous for organizations’public relations (PR) departments to adopt strategic managementas a core function. A series of theories that have shapedour understanding of organizational strategy were reviewedto identify links to PR practice and scholarship, suggesting PRshould move beyond providing information and assisting inthe implementation of strategy. Instead, PR should facilitatethe ongoing process of becoming ‘strategized’ towards desiredorganizational characteristics. This perspective provides a linkbetween strategy and PR theory, allowing each to bring newthoughts and insights to the other, providing a future researchagenda for PR. Findings also support a resulting pathway perGrunig’s (1992, 2013) desire that PR practitioners be included inthe strategy apex of an organization (Mintzberg, 1979).
本文提出将战略管理作为组织公共关系部门的核心职能是有利的。我们回顾了一系列塑造我们对组织战略理解的理论,以确定与公关实践和学术的联系,并建议公关不应局限于提供信息和协助战略实施。相反,公关应该促进朝着理想的组织特征“战略化”的持续过程。这一观点提供了战略和公关理论之间的联系,允许各自为对方带来新的想法和见解,为公关提供未来的研究议程。研究结果还支持perGrunig(1992,2013)的愿望,即公关从业者被纳入组织的战略顶点(Mintzberg, 1979)。
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引用次数: 2
Creating and implementing a new visual identity 创建和实现一个新的视觉识别
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.15173/jpc.v5i2.3750
Paul McIvor
In 2015, Halton Healthcare, a hospital corporation in the GreaterToronto Area, began to create and implement a disciplinedvisual identity. To do so, the organization enhanced and reorganizedits communications capabilities. Over the next year,they created a new visual identity and applied it across threehospitals and several community-based care settings. The teamused an iterative approach, obtaining buy-in from internalstakeholders, including senior leadership. The result was anaward-winning new visual identity consonant with the mission,vision, and values of Halton Healthcare.
2015年,大多伦多地区的一家医院公司豪顿医疗开始创建并实施一种纪律严明的视觉识别。为此,该组织加强并重组了通信能力。在接下来的一年里,他们创建了一个新的视觉标识,并将其应用于三家医院和几个社区护理机构。团队使用迭代方法,从内部利益相关者,包括高层领导那里获得支持。结果是屡获殊荣的新视觉识别与豪顿医疗保健的使命、愿景和价值观相一致。
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引用次数: 0
Public relations excellence 卓越的公共关系
IF 0.4 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.15173/JPC.V5I2.3746
A. Rizzo
In this commentary, the author explains why theoretical publicrelations scholarship is necessary to focus on the impact of behaviourin three areas: socio-cultural studies on internal businessculture; organization-public relationship (OPR) focusedon publics’perceptions; and functional integrative stratificationin the context of an organization to its society and in the evolutionof public relations practice. Research in these three areasstand to enhance internal collaboration, facilitate quality relationshipswith publics, build organizational acceptance in society,and outline the evolution of public relations—all of whichestablish excellence in the field of public relations.
在这篇评论中,作者解释了为什么理论公共关系研究有必要关注行为在三个方面的影响:对内部商业文化的社会文化研究;关注公众感知的组织-公众关系(OPR);以及在组织与社会以及公共关系实践演变的背景下的功能整合分层。这三个领域的研究有助于加强内部合作,促进与公众的高质量关系,建立社会对组织的认可,并概述公共关系的演变——所有这些都在公共关系领域建立了卓越。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Fachsprache-Journal of Professional and Scientific Communication
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