Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1726
M. Rummel, A. Heine
Innerhalb der Ingenieurwissenschaften bestehen spezifische kommunikative Anforderungen, deren Auswirkungen auf die formalsprachliche Realisierung bislang nur qualitativ-exemplarisch oder quantitativ anhand kleinerer Datensätze untersucht wurden. Der vorliegende Beitrag unternimmt einen Schritt in Richtung einer quantitativ gesicherten Beschreibung semantischer Marker in ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Texten, die auch Rückschlüsse auf das zugrundeliegende semantisch-funktionale Profil erlaubt. Im Zentrum stehen maschinell erfassbare Ausdrücke, die bestimmte semantische Relationen encodieren; um jedoch auch Spezifika ingenieurwissenschaftlicher Fachsprache jenseits der lexikalischen Ebene erfassen zu können, werden diese Einheiten hier nicht isoliert betrachtet, sondern in ihrer syntaktisch-musterhaften Einbettung im Kontext analysiert. Merkmale, die sich in der Betrachtung unseres eigenen Korpus als salient herausstellen und auf mögliche Spezifika ingenieurwissenschaftlicher Fachsprache hindeuten, werden in einem weiteren Schritt punktuell mit weiteren (wissenschaftlichen und nicht-wissenschaftlichen) Korpora abgeglichen, um sie von Charakteristika anderer Wissenschaftstexte abgrenzen zu können.
{"title":"Von lexikalischen Markern zu komplexen Mustern – zum semantischen Profil automobiltechnischer Fachtexte","authors":"M. Rummel, A. Heine","doi":"10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1726","url":null,"abstract":"Innerhalb der Ingenieurwissenschaften bestehen spezifische kommunikative Anforderungen, deren Auswirkungen auf die formalsprachliche Realisierung bislang nur qualitativ-exemplarisch oder quantitativ anhand kleinerer Datensätze untersucht wurden. Der vorliegende Beitrag unternimmt einen Schritt in Richtung einer quantitativ gesicherten Beschreibung semantischer Marker in ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Texten, die auch Rückschlüsse auf das zugrundeliegende semantisch-funktionale Profil erlaubt. Im Zentrum stehen maschinell erfassbare Ausdrücke, die bestimmte semantische Relationen encodieren; um jedoch auch Spezifika ingenieurwissenschaftlicher Fachsprache jenseits der lexikalischen Ebene erfassen zu können, werden diese Einheiten hier nicht isoliert betrachtet, sondern in ihrer syntaktisch-musterhaften Einbettung im Kontext analysiert. Merkmale, die sich in der Betrachtung unseres eigenen Korpus als salient herausstellen und auf mögliche Spezifika ingenieurwissenschaftlicher Fachsprache hindeuten, werden in einem weiteren Schritt punktuell mit weiteren (wissenschaftlichen und nicht-wissenschaftlichen) Korpora abgeglichen, um sie von Charakteristika anderer Wissenschaftstexte abgrenzen zu können.","PeriodicalId":41240,"journal":{"name":"Fachsprache-Journal of Professional and Scientific Communication","volume":"72 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75715762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1731
A. Nurmi, Marja Kivilehto
Even though deontic modality is one central feature of statutory texts, codifying obligation, the descriptions of obligation in Finnish legal texts are still few. This corpus-assisted study of Finnish statutory texts has an innovative approach in using English translations as a starting point for identifying the linguistic forms obligation takes in Finnish statutory texts. Beyond describing Finnish deontic modality, we look at ways it has been translated into legally valid Swedish statutes, paying special attention on existing instructions for translators. The results show that, in addition to explicitly modal expressions, Finnish statutory texts express obligation frequently using the present indicative. In Swedish, there is a range of options, but there, too, the use of the present indicative is common. Based on this study, using English translations to identify such cases for further study is a viable option. The results of the study can be applied in translator training as well as in the work of legal translators.
{"title":"Identifying Obligation in Legal Finnish and Swedish through English Translations: A Corpus-Assisted Approach","authors":"A. Nurmi, Marja Kivilehto","doi":"10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1731","url":null,"abstract":"Even though deontic modality is one central feature of statutory texts, codifying obligation, the descriptions of obligation in Finnish legal texts are still few. This corpus-assisted study of Finnish statutory texts has an innovative approach in using English translations as a starting point for identifying the linguistic forms obligation takes in Finnish statutory texts. Beyond describing Finnish deontic modality, we look at ways it has been translated into legally valid Swedish statutes, paying special attention on existing instructions for translators. The results show that, in addition to explicitly modal expressions, Finnish statutory texts express obligation frequently using the present indicative. In Swedish, there is a range of options, but there, too, the use of the present indicative is common. Based on this study, using English translations to identify such cases for further study is a viable option. The results of the study can be applied in translator training as well as in the work of legal translators.","PeriodicalId":41240,"journal":{"name":"Fachsprache-Journal of Professional and Scientific Communication","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88272163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1736
Carmen Bestué
Interpreting is a phenomenon of such complexity that, particularly in highly specialized fields, such as court interpreting, it is easy to detect errors and omissions made not only by students, but even by experienced professional interpreters. These errors are often attributed to a lack of competence on the part of the interpreter, but they can also arise from the highly specialized nature of the setting in which the task is performed. The present study focuses on the second of these two factors in relation to both transcription and interpretation. It sets out to characterise errors of comprehension that may precede target discourse production in another language due to a particular setting in which much of the dialogic exchange takes place within a closed circuit, in the form of a triangle consisting of the judge, the defence counsel and the prosecution, and from which the defendant (and his or her interpreter) is excluded. To this end, we worked with an oral corpus of recordings of real criminal trial proceedings and the transcripts of those proceedings made by technicians employed and trained by the TIPp project (Translation and Interpreting in Criminal Proceedings), led by Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
{"title":"From the Trial to the Transcription: Listening Problems Related to Thematic Knowledge. Some Implications for the Didactics of Court Interpreting Studies","authors":"Carmen Bestué","doi":"10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1736","url":null,"abstract":"Interpreting is a phenomenon of such complexity that, particularly in highly specialized fields, such as court interpreting, it is easy to detect errors and omissions made not only by students, but even by experienced professional interpreters. These errors are often attributed to a lack of competence on the part of the interpreter, but they can also arise from the highly specialized nature of the setting in which the task is performed. The present study focuses on the second of these two factors in relation to both transcription and interpretation. It sets out to characterise errors of comprehension that may precede target discourse production in another language due to a particular setting in which much of the dialogic exchange takes place within a closed circuit, in the form of a triangle consisting of the judge, the defence counsel and the prosecution, and from which the defendant (and his or her interpreter) is excluded. To this end, we worked with an oral corpus of recordings of real criminal trial proceedings and the transcripts of those proceedings made by technicians employed and trained by the TIPp project (Translation and Interpreting in Criminal Proceedings), led by Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.","PeriodicalId":41240,"journal":{"name":"Fachsprache-Journal of Professional and Scientific Communication","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84107986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1703
W. Thielmann
Abstract Languages for special purposes have mainly been considered from the point of view that they are specialized, i.e. that they satisfy the terminological needs of expression of specialized groups. The purpose of this contribution is to demonstrate that specialized discourses such as university lectures may make specific use of ordinary language devices. An analysis of sections from German lectures in physics and mechanical engineering reveals that deictics play a special role in propositional composition. The findings are relevant for the general principles of linguistic science and knowledge transfer as well as for teaching German as a first or second academic language. Schlagwörter: Sprache wissenschaftlicher Lehre – Deixis – Physik – Maschinenbau – propositionale Komposition Key words: Language of academic teaching – deictics – physics – mechanical engineering – propositional composition
{"title":"Gemeinsprachliche Ressourcen beim Wissens- und Wissenschaftstransfer - die Rolle der Deixis bei der propositionalen Komposition in universitären Vorlesungen in den Fächern Physik und Maschinenbau","authors":"W. Thielmann","doi":"10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/fs.v41i3-4.1703","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Languages for special purposes have mainly been considered from the point of view that they are specialized, i.e. that they satisfy the terminological needs of expression of specialized groups. The purpose of this contribution is to demonstrate that specialized discourses such as university lectures may make specific use of ordinary language devices. An analysis of sections from German lectures in physics and mechanical engineering reveals that deictics play a special role in propositional composition. The findings are relevant for the general principles of linguistic science and knowledge transfer as well as for teaching German as a first or second academic language. \u0000Schlagwörter: Sprache wissenschaftlicher Lehre – Deixis – Physik – Maschinenbau – propositionale Komposition \u0000Key words: Language of academic teaching – deictics – physics – mechanical engineering – propositional composition","PeriodicalId":41240,"journal":{"name":"Fachsprache-Journal of Professional and Scientific Communication","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88328091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1501
Tanja Wissik, Claudia Resch
{"title":"Rechtssprachliche Aspekte in historischen Flugblättern des 18. Jahrhunderts","authors":"Tanja Wissik, Claudia Resch","doi":"10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41240,"journal":{"name":"Fachsprache-Journal of Professional and Scientific Communication","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82446310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1598
Melania Cabezas-García, P. Faber
Multi-word terms (MWTs), in the form of noun compounds (NCs), are frequently used in specialized texts (Nakov 2013). They consist of juxtaposed terms with underlying semantic structures that limit the combination of arguments (Pinker 1989). However, NCs formed by more than two terms have received little attention. This study focused on English and Spanish three-term endocentric NCs used in Coastal Engineering. To explore the presence of semantic preference and semantic prosody in these MWTs, a set of terms was extracted from a Coastal Engineering corpus. The structure of the MWTs was disambiguated and the semantic relations between their components were specified. Verb paraphrases were also elicited from field experts and the web, and then semantically analyzed. The results showed that semantic preference and semantic prosody play an important role in the formation of MWTs and should be taken into account when rendering a text into another language.
{"title":"Semantic prosody and semantic preference in multi-word terms","authors":"Melania Cabezas-García, P. Faber","doi":"10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1598","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-word terms (MWTs), in the form of noun compounds (NCs), are frequently used in specialized texts (Nakov 2013). They consist of juxtaposed terms with underlying semantic structures that limit the combination of arguments (Pinker 1989). However, NCs formed by more than two terms have received little attention. This study focused on English and Spanish three-term endocentric NCs used in Coastal Engineering. To explore the presence of semantic preference and semantic prosody in these MWTs, a set of terms was extracted from a Coastal Engineering corpus. The structure of the MWTs was disambiguated and the semantic relations between their components were specified. Verb paraphrases were also elicited from field experts and the web, and then semantically analyzed. The results showed that semantic preference and semantic prosody play an important role in the formation of MWTs and should be taken into account when rendering a text into another language.","PeriodicalId":41240,"journal":{"name":"Fachsprache-Journal of Professional and Scientific Communication","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79368337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1498
D. Banks
Je pense que prendre en considération le développement historique du langage peut nous aider à comprendre son fonctionnement actuel. Par conséquent je vais étudier un échantillon des premiers exemples de la traduction d’articles savants entre deux langues vernaculaires. Le premier périodique savant est le Journal des Sçavans, paru à Paris le 5 janvier 1665. Deux mois plus tard, le 6 mars 1665, les Philosophical Transactions parurent à Londres. Le Journal des Sçavans était rédigé par Denis de Sallo, à l’instigation de Colbert, dont l’objectif était le contrôle de la connaissance nouvelle et son utilisation pour célébrer la gloire de Louis XIV. La France était totalement stable et elle était le centre économique et culturel de l’Europe. Les Philosophical Transactions furent lancés comme une entreprise privée par Henry Oldenburg, un des secrétaires de la Royal Society, comme moyen d’augmenter ses revenus. L’Angleterre venait de traverser un demi-siècle parmi les plus chaotiques de son histoire, mais, à ce moment-là elle se confortait dans l’espoir retrouvé de la Restauration de la monarchie. Le Journal des Sçavans traitait toutes les disciplines de la nouvelle connaissance, y compris la théologie, le droit et l’histoire, et comportait principalement des recensements de livres. Les Philosophical Transactions se restreignaient aux sciences et à la technologie, et se basaient sur le courrier de H. Oldenburg. Son courrier était volumineux car il était au centre d’un réseau de correspondance scientifique. Le premier numéro des Philosophical Transactions comporte la traduction d’un item paru dans le premier numéro du Journal des Sçavans. Cela constitue alors la toute première traduction d’un article savant d’une langue vernaculaire vers une autre. Une étude des traits linguistiques (notamment la thématisation et les types de procès) de ces deux textes démontre que H. Oldenburg suivit de près le texte français, bien qu’il simplifiât son organisation afin de le rendre plus clair. Le Journal des Sçavans fut supprimé après 13 semaines, mais fut ressuscité au début de l’année suivante avec l’Abbé Bignon comme rédacteur. Le numéro du 11 janvier 1666 comporte la traduction d’un item paru aux Philosophical Transactions le 8 mai 1665. Le texte français le présente comme étant un résumé, mais il s’agit plutôt de la traduction d’extraits choisis que d’un résumé proprement dit. L’étude des traits linguistiques fait ressortir les différences entre les deux textes. Etudier ces textes s’avère fascinant en soi. Mis à part leur intérêt propre, il faut souligner le fait qu’ils étaient les premières tentatives de traduire des articles savants. Par conséquent, on peut considérer que l’évolution de la traduction de l’article savant commence ici.
我认为考虑语言的历史发展可以帮助我们理解它现在是如何工作的。因此，我将研究在两种方言之间翻译学术文章的第一个例子。第一份学术期刊是1665年1月5日在巴黎出版的《Journal des scavans》。两个月后，1665年3月6日，《哲学学报》在伦敦出版。《Journal des scaavans》是在科尔伯特的鼓动下由丹尼斯·德·萨罗(Denis de Sallo)撰写的，科尔伯特的目的是控制新知识，并利用它来庆祝路易十四的荣耀。法国是完全稳定的，是欧洲的经济和文化中心。《哲学交易》是由英国皇家学会的秘书之一亨利·奥尔登堡作为私人企业发起的，目的是增加他的收入。英国刚刚经历了半个世纪历史上最混乱的时期之一，但在那一刻，它重新燃起了恢复君主制的希望。《scavans杂志》涵盖了所有新知识的学科，包括神学、法律和历史，主要包括书名。《哲学学报》仅限于科学和技术领域，并以奥尔登堡的《信使》为基础。他的邮件很大，因为他是一个科学通信网络的中心。《哲学学报》第一期包含了《Journal des scavans》第一期文章的翻译。这是第一次将一篇学术文章从一种方言翻译成另一种方言。对这两篇文本的语言特征(特别是主题和程序类型)的研究表明，奥尔登堡密切遵循法语文本，尽管他简化了组织，使其更清晰。13周后，《les scavans报》被取缔，但在第二年年初，由比农神父担任编辑，报纸又复活了。1666年1月11日的一期包含了1665年5月8日发表在《哲学学报》上的一篇文章的翻译。法语文本以摘要的形式呈现，但它更多的是摘录的翻译，而不是摘要本身。对语言特征的研究揭示了这两个文本之间的差异。研究这些文本本身就很吸引人。除了他们自己的兴趣，应该强调的是，他们是最早尝试翻译学术文章的人。因此，我们可以认为，学术文章翻译的演变从这里开始。
{"title":"L’écriture de l’article scientifique et ses premières traductions","authors":"D. Banks","doi":"10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1498","url":null,"abstract":"Je pense que prendre en considération le développement historique du langage peut nous aider à comprendre son fonctionnement actuel. Par conséquent je vais étudier un échantillon des premiers exemples de la traduction d’articles savants entre deux langues vernaculaires. Le premier périodique savant est le Journal des Sçavans, paru à Paris le 5 janvier 1665. Deux mois plus tard, le 6 mars 1665, les Philosophical Transactions parurent à Londres. Le Journal des Sçavans était rédigé par Denis de Sallo, à l’instigation de Colbert, dont l’objectif était le contrôle de la connaissance nouvelle et son utilisation pour célébrer la gloire de Louis XIV. La France était totalement stable et elle était le centre économique et culturel de l’Europe. Les Philosophical Transactions furent lancés comme une entreprise privée par Henry Oldenburg, un des secrétaires de la Royal Society, comme moyen d’augmenter ses revenus. L’Angleterre venait de traverser un demi-siècle parmi les plus chaotiques de son histoire, mais, à ce moment-là elle se confortait dans l’espoir retrouvé de la Restauration de la monarchie. Le Journal des Sçavans traitait toutes les disciplines de la nouvelle connaissance, y compris la théologie, le droit et l’histoire, et comportait principalement des recensements de livres. Les Philosophical Transactions se restreignaient aux sciences et à la technologie, et se basaient sur le courrier de H. Oldenburg. Son courrier était volumineux car il était au centre d’un réseau de correspondance scientifique. Le premier numéro des Philosophical Transactions comporte la traduction d’un item paru dans le premier numéro du Journal des Sçavans. Cela constitue alors la toute première traduction d’un article savant d’une langue vernaculaire vers une autre. Une étude des traits linguistiques (notamment la thématisation et les types de procès) de ces deux textes démontre que H. Oldenburg suivit de près le texte français, bien qu’il simplifiât son organisation afin de le rendre plus clair. Le Journal des Sçavans fut supprimé après 13 semaines, mais fut ressuscité au début de l’année suivante avec l’Abbé Bignon comme rédacteur. Le numéro du 11 janvier 1666 comporte la traduction d’un item paru aux Philosophical Transactions le 8 mai 1665. Le texte français le présente comme étant un résumé, mais il s’agit plutôt de la traduction d’extraits choisis que d’un résumé proprement dit. L’étude des traits linguistiques fait ressortir les différences entre les deux textes. Etudier ces textes s’avère fascinant en soi. Mis à part leur intérêt propre, il faut souligner le fait qu’ils étaient les premières tentatives de traduire des articles savants. Par conséquent, on peut considérer que l’évolution de la traduction de l’article savant commence ici.","PeriodicalId":41240,"journal":{"name":"Fachsprache-Journal of Professional and Scientific Communication","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73103212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1742
T. Suojanen
User instructions are everyday texts that give information about technical devices and systems and help people use them. This dissertation examines the ways Finnish household appliance manufacturers domesticated their products through the use of domestication strategies in the user instructions in the period 1945–1995 (Suojanen 2018). “Domestication” refers to the ways people start using new technologies and eventually integrate them into their everyday lives (e. g. Suominen 2003: 9 f., Lie/Sørensen 1996: 17 f.). Particularly in the 1950s and 1960s, many new household appliances entered the Finnish market (Huokuna 2010), and these required a variety of domestication strategies to help users “tame” technology (Pantzar 1996) and integrate it into their daily routines. The first domestication strategy examined in the dissertation is called the you-attitude, which refers to strategies used to persuade users and prioritize their needs in the user instructions (e. g. Jameson 2004, Rodman 2001). The second strategy that is studied contains elements that are used to build a relationship between the writer, the company and the user. For this purpose, the concept of the we-attitude is created as part of the study. Thus, domestication is used as an overarching concept, incorporating elements of the youand we-attitudes. In addition, the dissertation explores changes that have occurred in the domestication strategies and their connection with the development of Finnish society and technical communication. The research material analyzed in the dissertation consists of 132 Finnish user instructions for household appliances produced by different companies. Furthermore, user instructions created by two well-known Finnish companies, Helkama and Upo, are compared. The material is analyzed by adopting a mixed methods research design with an emphasis on qualitative research. This is the first Finnish-language dissertation in the field of technical communication. It adds to our understanding of Finnish technical communication and its history, as well as to the role of user instructions in Finnish society. The dissertation also opens up new viewpoints for technical communication professionals, teachers and researchers as well as ideas for the translation processes of user instructions and user-centered translation, UCT (Suojanen/Koskinen/ Tuominen 2015).
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Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1623
A. Hill-Madsen, M. Pilegaard
This paper responds to the call often voiced in today's knowledge society for popularization of specialized knowledge within a field relevant to us all, viz. medicine. Specifically, the aim of the paper is to explore the popularization potential of specialized terminology within this field. Whereas many previous studies of popularization within different LSP fields have been preoccupied with the actual linguistic strategies employed in the mediation of specialized knowledge to non-expert audiences, the present study explores whether subcategories of terms associated with medicinal products exhibit different degrees of popularization potential, i.e. whether there are differences in the degree to which terminological subcategories in this field lend themselves to popularization. Empirically, the investigation is based on a corpus of two derivationally related text types: The specialized pharmaceutical genre named Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) and the patient-oriented counterpart, the so-called Patient Information Leaflet (PIL), which contains user-relevant information, recontextualized from the SmPC, about the medicinal product in question. The PILs are legally required to be written in a lay-friendly register. We identified four categories of specialized terms from the SmPCs that are recontextualized in the PILs: a) terms for medical disorders, b) biochemical and microbiological terms, c) terms for medicinal products or the active substances of these, and d) terms for so-called excipients (carrier substances in the drug). Using the so-called ‘coupled-pairs’ methodology known from Translation Studies, whereby lexical items with a medico-pharmaceutical content in the PILs were traced back to their origin in a specialized SmPC term, we identified patterns of popularization strategies that differed markedly between the four categories of terms: Terms for medical disorders are either replaced with established core-vocabulary equivalents, or their constituent Greek/Latin morphemes or words are translated more or less directly into English. Biochemical/microbiological terms and terms for medicinal products/active substances, on the other hand, are not actually replaced by such reformulations, but are in virtually all cases retained in the PILs and accompanied by a definition. Excipients, it turned out, are in effect not popularized at all, but transferred directly from the SmPC without any kind of reformulation or explanation. We argue that these different types of strategy, i.e. a) replacement by a core-vocabulary equivalent or translation, b) definition and c) direct transfer, represent a scale of popularization, with replacement strategies representing the top degree and direct transfer the lowest degree. Since the findings show a very clear correspondence between the different types/degrees of popularization and the terminological subcategories, we conclude that this overlap indicates clear differences in popularization potential: Whe
{"title":"Variable scope for popularization of specialized terminology","authors":"A. Hill-Madsen, M. Pilegaard","doi":"10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/FS.V41I1-2.1623","url":null,"abstract":"This paper responds to the call often voiced in today's knowledge society for popularization of specialized knowledge within a field relevant to us all, viz. medicine. Specifically, the aim of the paper is to explore the popularization potential of specialized terminology within this field. Whereas many previous studies of popularization within different LSP fields have been preoccupied with the actual linguistic strategies employed in the mediation of specialized knowledge to non-expert audiences, the present study explores whether subcategories of terms associated with medicinal products exhibit different degrees of popularization potential, i.e. whether there are differences in the degree to which terminological subcategories in this field lend themselves to popularization. \u0000Empirically, the investigation is based on a corpus of two derivationally related text types: The specialized pharmaceutical genre named Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) and the patient-oriented counterpart, the so-called Patient Information Leaflet (PIL), which contains user-relevant information, recontextualized from the SmPC, about the medicinal product in question. The PILs are legally required to be written in a lay-friendly register. \u0000We identified four categories of specialized terms from the SmPCs that are recontextualized in the PILs: a) terms for medical disorders, b) biochemical and microbiological terms, c) terms for medicinal products or the active substances of these, and d) terms for so-called excipients (carrier substances in the drug). \u0000Using the so-called ‘coupled-pairs’ methodology known from Translation Studies, whereby lexical items with a medico-pharmaceutical content in the PILs were traced back to their origin in a specialized SmPC term, we identified patterns of popularization strategies that differed markedly between the four categories of terms: Terms for medical disorders are either replaced with established core-vocabulary equivalents, or their constituent Greek/Latin morphemes or words are translated more or less directly into English. Biochemical/microbiological terms and terms for medicinal products/active substances, on the other hand, are not actually replaced by such reformulations, but are in virtually all cases retained in the PILs and accompanied by a definition. Excipients, it turned out, are in effect not popularized at all, but transferred directly from the SmPC without any kind of reformulation or explanation. \u0000We argue that these different types of strategy, i.e. a) replacement by a core-vocabulary equivalent or translation, b) definition and c) direct transfer, represent a scale of popularization, with replacement strategies representing the top degree and direct transfer the lowest degree. Since the findings show a very clear correspondence between the different types/degrees of popularization and the terminological subcategories, we conclude that this overlap indicates clear differences in popularization potential: Whe","PeriodicalId":41240,"journal":{"name":"Fachsprache-Journal of Professional and Scientific Communication","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81072505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-02DOI: 10.24989/FS.V50I3-4.1712
Marian Flanagan, C. Heine
As teachers of English as a second language (L2) in web communication, our aim is to help L2 students improve their spoken and written English language skills. Teacher feedback has been shown to do this in some cases. However, only using teacher feedback can put huge pressure on the teacher, both in terms of time and resources. This paper describes and discusses our attempt at introducing peer feedback as an additional way of providing students with feedback on their English writing. Before conducting this study, we did not know if peer feedback would be feasible in our teaching environment or whether it would benefit the students and teachers. Our aim was to establish a status quo of our students’ abilities in providing and implementing peer feedback. We introduced peer-feedback tasks and focused on the types of feedback provided by the students, the phrasing of the feedback, both when implemented and not implemented by the students, and the types of revisions made by the students. Our findings allowed us to develop peer-feedback process guidelines for web communication as a way towards improving written feedback processes in higher education, and hopefully for others to adapt and implement in their own communication classrooms.
{"title":"Improving English L2 Writing in Web Communication: Can Peer Feedback Help?","authors":"Marian Flanagan, C. Heine","doi":"10.24989/FS.V50I3-4.1712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/FS.V50I3-4.1712","url":null,"abstract":"As teachers of English as a second language (L2) in web communication, our aim is to help L2 students improve their spoken and written English language skills. Teacher feedback has been shown to do this in some cases. However, only using teacher feedback can put huge pressure on the teacher, both in terms of time and resources. This paper describes and discusses our attempt at introducing peer feedback as an additional way of providing students with feedback on their English writing. Before conducting this study, we did not know if peer feedback would be feasible in our teaching environment or whether it would benefit the students and teachers. Our aim was to establish a status quo of our students’ abilities in providing and implementing peer feedback. We introduced peer-feedback tasks and focused on the types of feedback provided by the students, the phrasing of the feedback, both when implemented and not implemented by the students, and the types of revisions made by the students. Our findings allowed us to develop peer-feedback process guidelines for web communication as a way towards improving written feedback processes in higher education, and hopefully for others to adapt and implement in their own communication classrooms.","PeriodicalId":41240,"journal":{"name":"Fachsprache-Journal of Professional and Scientific Communication","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73902398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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