Pub Date : 2003-06-01DOI: 10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.109
Kyung-Ho Park, Seung Il Kim, S. Ko, Byeong-Woo Park, Kyong-Sik Lee
Purpose: Systemic failure after intial treatment of breast cancer is the most troublesome issue. To investigate the factors influencing on the outcome of metastatic breast cancer, this study was designed. Methods: Two hundred sixty-seven breast cancer patients with distant metastasis after initial treatment were included for this study. The patients showing confined metastasis to the ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node, were excluded. Preferred sites of metastasis, intervals to distant metastasis, survival rates after systemic failure were investigated in association with clinico-pathological parameters. Student ttest, chi-square test and log-rank test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Patient age ranges from 20 to 71 years of age (mean 44.9). Forty-eight patients (18%) were initially included in stage 0 or I, 137 (51%) in stage II, and 82 (31%) in stage III. The preferred sites of metastasis were bone (47%), lung (29%), liver (9%), brain (8%) and multiple organs (4%) in descending order. Initial pathologic stage (P 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.016) were associated with the interval to distant metastasis, but not the tumor size (P= 0.246). Poor survival after systemic failure was associated with metastasis to the multiple organs or to liver (P 0.001), with no treatment after failure (P 0.001), and with failure within 3 years after initial treatment (P=0.056) Conclusion: Bone is the most prevalent metastatic site of breast cancer. Axillary lymph node status, especially the number of involved nodes, was associated with shorter disease free survival after initial treatment, which suggests that it might be a predictor of micrometastasis and a marker for an aggressive systemic treatment. Hepatic metastasis and metastasis to multiple organs was a poor prognostic marker of metastatic breast cancer. An aggressive systemic treatment after systemic failure might improve the survival. (Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society 2003;6:109-116)
{"title":"The Pattern of Systemic Failure and Factors Influencing on the Outcome after Distant Metastastasis in Breast Cancer","authors":"Kyung-Ho Park, Seung Il Kim, S. Ko, Byeong-Woo Park, Kyong-Sik Lee","doi":"10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Systemic failure after intial treatment of breast cancer is the most troublesome issue. To investigate the factors influencing on the outcome of metastatic breast cancer, this study was designed. Methods: Two hundred sixty-seven breast cancer patients with distant metastasis after initial treatment were included for this study. The patients showing confined metastasis to the ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node, were excluded. Preferred sites of metastasis, intervals to distant metastasis, survival rates after systemic failure were investigated in association with clinico-pathological parameters. Student ttest, chi-square test and log-rank test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Patient age ranges from 20 to 71 years of age (mean 44.9). Forty-eight patients (18%) were initially included in stage 0 or I, 137 (51%) in stage II, and 82 (31%) in stage III. The preferred sites of metastasis were bone (47%), lung (29%), liver (9%), brain (8%) and multiple organs (4%) in descending order. Initial pathologic stage (P 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.016) were associated with the interval to distant metastasis, but not the tumor size (P= 0.246). Poor survival after systemic failure was associated with metastasis to the multiple organs or to liver (P 0.001), with no treatment after failure (P 0.001), and with failure within 3 years after initial treatment (P=0.056) Conclusion: Bone is the most prevalent metastatic site of breast cancer. Axillary lymph node status, especially the number of involved nodes, was associated with shorter disease free survival after initial treatment, which suggests that it might be a predictor of micrometastasis and a marker for an aggressive systemic treatment. Hepatic metastasis and metastasis to multiple organs was a poor prognostic marker of metastatic breast cancer. An aggressive systemic treatment after systemic failure might improve the survival. (Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society 2003;6:109-116)","PeriodicalId":414717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133163674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-01DOI: 10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.45
D. Choi
Hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer and responsible for autosomal-dominant transmission, most commonly due to germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 has been recognized for many years. Hereditary breast cancer is characterized by early age at onset, bilaterality, vertical transmission through both maternal and paternal lines, and familial association with tumors of other organs, particularly the ovary and prostate gland. Most of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are predicted to produce a truncated protein product, supporting the hypothesis that they are tumor suppressor genes. Progress in determining the function of BRCA1 and BRCA2 suggests that they are involved in two fundamental cellular processes, DNA damage repair and transcriptional regulation. Several series have examined the prevalence of germline BRCA mutations in population or hospital based samples of breast cancer patients mainly European ancestry and studies have demonstrated BRCA1/2 mutation between 5% and 10% with early-onset breast cancer. The assessments of familial cancer risk are extremely varied, including families from different ethnic backgrounds with greater or less numbers of affective relatives at varying ages. And estimates of penetrance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations range from 36% to 85% for breast cancer, and 16% to 60% for ovarian cancer. For molecular correlations, BRCA1 cancers were shown to be more often estrogen receptor negative, more high grade tumors and more frequent mutations in p53 than nonhereditary cancers. The phenotype for BRCA2-related tumor sappears to be more heterogeneous. The prognosis of BRCA related tumor is elusive, despite of a significantly increased risk of contralateral breast cancer. Surveillance recommendations for women with germline BRCA mutations are necessary and women are encouraged to learn and practice breast self-examination beginning at age 18 and to begin annual mammogram screening at age 25. A number of women with BRCA mutations may consider undergoing surgical procedures (mastectomy and salpingooophorectomy) in attempt to reduce their risk. Nonsurgical options (tamoxifen medication) for the prevention of hereditary breast cancer are currently limited. The choice of whether to undergo genetic testing is difficult one and should be made only after extensive consultation with a professional who is well versed in the counselling and management of families at hereditary risk. And psychological consequences of testing and the potential impact on family dynamics are important considerations that must be individually addressed. Most of above mentioned data are based on studies of European ancestry. To apply these results to Korean patients with breast cancer, we have to collect a lot of data specific to Korean patients. Therefore, it is needed to study many aspects of Korean breast cancer including age specific mutation prevalence, penetrance, molecular correlation, pathology, prognosis, surveillance and prevention option
{"title":"Breast Cancer Gene, BRCA1 and BRCA2","authors":"D. Choi","doi":"10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.45","url":null,"abstract":"Hereditary predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer and responsible for autosomal-dominant transmission, most commonly due to germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 has been recognized for many years. Hereditary breast cancer is characterized by early age at onset, bilaterality, vertical transmission through both maternal and paternal lines, and familial association with tumors of other organs, particularly the ovary and prostate gland. Most of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are predicted to produce a truncated protein product, supporting the hypothesis that they are tumor suppressor genes. Progress in determining the function of BRCA1 and BRCA2 suggests that they are involved in two fundamental cellular processes, DNA damage repair and transcriptional regulation. Several series have examined the prevalence of germline BRCA mutations in population or hospital based samples of breast cancer patients mainly European ancestry and studies have demonstrated BRCA1/2 mutation between 5% and 10% with early-onset breast cancer. The assessments of familial cancer risk are extremely varied, including families from different ethnic backgrounds with greater or less numbers of affective relatives at varying ages. And estimates of penetrance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations range from 36% to 85% for breast cancer, and 16% to 60% for ovarian cancer. For molecular correlations, BRCA1 cancers were shown to be more often estrogen receptor negative, more high grade tumors and more frequent mutations in p53 than nonhereditary cancers. The phenotype for BRCA2-related tumor sappears to be more heterogeneous. The prognosis of BRCA related tumor is elusive, despite of a significantly increased risk of contralateral breast cancer. Surveillance recommendations for women with germline BRCA mutations are necessary and women are encouraged to learn and practice breast self-examination beginning at age 18 and to begin annual mammogram screening at age 25. A number of women with BRCA mutations may consider undergoing surgical procedures (mastectomy and salpingooophorectomy) in attempt to reduce their risk. Nonsurgical options (tamoxifen medication) for the prevention of hereditary breast cancer are currently limited. The choice of whether to undergo genetic testing is difficult one and should be made only after extensive consultation with a professional who is well versed in the counselling and management of families at hereditary risk. And psychological consequences of testing and the potential impact on family dynamics are important considerations that must be individually addressed. Most of above mentioned data are based on studies of European ancestry. To apply these results to Korean patients with breast cancer, we have to collect a lot of data specific to Korean patients. Therefore, it is needed to study many aspects of Korean breast cancer including age specific mutation prevalence, penetrance, molecular correlation, pathology, prognosis, surveillance and prevention option","PeriodicalId":414717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117207791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-01DOI: 10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.75
Byeong-Woo Park, K. Kim, M. Heo, S. Hong, Seung Il Kim, Kyong-Sik Lee
{"title":"Expression of Estrogen Receptor-beta mRNA in Various Mammary Tissues","authors":"Byeong-Woo Park, K. Kim, M. Heo, S. Hong, Seung Il Kim, Kyong-Sik Lee","doi":"10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133614109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-06-01DOI: 10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.103
S. Kim, W. Han, I. Park, June-Key Chung, J. Yeo, W. Moon, J. Cha, K. Choe, S. Oh, Y. Youn, D. Noh
Purpose: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been widely used in the management of melanoma and breast cancer. The aims of this study were (1) to compare the results obtained with the different injection, intraoperative sentinel node evaluation, and postoperative evaluation; and (2) to determine the reliability of SLN to predict the regional lymph node status. Methods: We prospectively studied selected 162 female primary breast cancer patients from Jun. 1999 to Apr. 2003. For identification of sentinel lymph node, Tc99m-antimony trisulfate was used as a tracer with two injection methods and SLN biopsy using a gamma-detection probe was done after breast lymphoscintigraphy. Frozen section biopsy or touch-print cytology was done for intraoperative evaluation. If a SLN biopsy was free of metastasis by permanent hematoxylin and eosin (HE6:103-108)
{"title":"Prospective Study of 162 Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsies in Breast Cancer: Usefulness of Ultrasonography in Patients Selection","authors":"S. Kim, W. Han, I. Park, June-Key Chung, J. Yeo, W. Moon, J. Cha, K. Choe, S. Oh, Y. Youn, D. Noh","doi":"10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.2.103","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been widely used in the management of melanoma and breast cancer. The aims of this study were (1) to compare the results obtained with the different injection, intraoperative sentinel node evaluation, and postoperative evaluation; and (2) to determine the reliability of SLN to predict the regional lymph node status. Methods: We prospectively studied selected 162 female primary breast cancer patients from Jun. 1999 to Apr. 2003. For identification of sentinel lymph node, Tc99m-antimony trisulfate was used as a tracer with two injection methods and SLN biopsy using a gamma-detection probe was done after breast lymphoscintigraphy. Frozen section biopsy or touch-print cytology was done for intraoperative evaluation. If a SLN biopsy was free of metastasis by permanent hematoxylin and eosin (HE6:103-108)","PeriodicalId":414717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121607418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-03-01DOI: 10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.20
Myung Chul Chang, Chan Dong Kim, H. Roh, G. Chae, D. Yang, Won Jin Choi
Purpose: Computer-aided diagnosis system was developed to improve the accuracy and the efficacy of the image interpretation. This article is to provide a possibility of computeraided diagnosis for detection of masses in mammograms. Methods: The craniocaudal and mediolateral images of 120 mammograms from 30 patients that were histologically proven to be malignant and 30 patients that were histologically proven to be benign were analysed using the mammography softwere. The contralateral mammograms were used as control images. Correct marks of the lesions were scored as a true positive and marks not at the location of the lesions were scored as a false negative. Any marks of the normal images were scored as a false positive and no mark of normal images were scored as a true negative. Results: It took approximately 2 min to scan and 1 min to process 24 by 18-cm mammograms. There was an average of 1.4, 2.0 and 2.1 marks per image in normal, benign and malignant mammograms respectively. Mass detection rate of malignant lesion was 90.0% (27 of 30) and that of benign lesion was 63.6% (21 of 33). Mass detection rate of dense breasts was 68.8% (22 of 32) and that of fatty breasts was 83.9% (26 of 31). Mass detection rate of BI-RADS category 4, 5 and 0 was 85.7% (42 of 49) and that of category 1, 2 and 3 was 42.9% (6 of 14). The overall sensitivity was 76.2% and specificity was 28.1%. Conclusion: In this study, mass detection rate for malignant lesions was higher than that of benign lesions and dense breast has lower detection rate than fatty breast. According to the BI-RADS category, mass detection rate was higher in the more malignant category. Computer-aided diagnosis system for this study had limited specificity but acceptable sensitivity. (Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society 2003;6:20-23) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ
{"title":"Detection of Breast Mass in Mammogram Using Computer-Aided Diagnosis System","authors":"Myung Chul Chang, Chan Dong Kim, H. Roh, G. Chae, D. Yang, Won Jin Choi","doi":"10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Computer-aided diagnosis system was developed to improve the accuracy and the efficacy of the image interpretation. This article is to provide a possibility of computeraided diagnosis for detection of masses in mammograms. Methods: The craniocaudal and mediolateral images of 120 mammograms from 30 patients that were histologically proven to be malignant and 30 patients that were histologically proven to be benign were analysed using the mammography softwere. The contralateral mammograms were used as control images. Correct marks of the lesions were scored as a true positive and marks not at the location of the lesions were scored as a false negative. Any marks of the normal images were scored as a false positive and no mark of normal images were scored as a true negative. Results: It took approximately 2 min to scan and 1 min to process 24 by 18-cm mammograms. There was an average of 1.4, 2.0 and 2.1 marks per image in normal, benign and malignant mammograms respectively. Mass detection rate of malignant lesion was 90.0% (27 of 30) and that of benign lesion was 63.6% (21 of 33). Mass detection rate of dense breasts was 68.8% (22 of 32) and that of fatty breasts was 83.9% (26 of 31). Mass detection rate of BI-RADS category 4, 5 and 0 was 85.7% (42 of 49) and that of category 1, 2 and 3 was 42.9% (6 of 14). The overall sensitivity was 76.2% and specificity was 28.1%. Conclusion: In this study, mass detection rate for malignant lesions was higher than that of benign lesions and dense breast has lower detection rate than fatty breast. According to the BI-RADS category, mass detection rate was higher in the more malignant category. Computer-aided diagnosis system for this study had limited specificity but acceptable sensitivity. (Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society 2003;6:20-23) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ","PeriodicalId":414717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121635175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-03-01DOI: 10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.15
B. Seo, H. Jeon, Jeong Hee Park, K. Cho, Ji Young Lee, Bo-Kyung Je, E. Choi, J. Lee, J. Bae, S. Kim
Purpose: The subareolar area is often difficult to evaluate ultrasonographically due to tissue shadowing, which obscures visualization of ducts and parenchymal tissue. The purpose of this study is to determine if real-time compound imaging improves evaluation of normal subareolar tissue and solid nodules in subareolar area compared to conventional ultrasonography. Methods: 190 images of the subareolar area were obtained from 135 patients from March 2001 to July 2002. Thirty-three of 190 images showed solid nodules, extraductal nodules in 30 and intraductal nodules in three. We scanned both conventional and compound imaging with a stationary probe, to maintain an identical projection and tissue pressure. We used two compound techniques; survey mode (S) is made by 3 coplanar images and target mode (T) by 9 coplanar images. The evaluating points were 1) reduction in the density of shadowing, 2) resolution of duct wall, 3) resolution of duct lumen, 4) margin of nodule, and 5) internal echoes of nodule. In a blinded fashion, three radiologists graded the quality of images on a 5-point scale. Results: For reviewer 1/2/3, S showed grade improvements in 1) reduction in the density of shadowing (0.4±0.6/1.1± 0.6/0.5±0.5), 2) resolution of duct wall (0.9±0.2/1.5± 0.6/1.0±0.5), 3) resolution of duct lumen (0.9±0.2/1.6± 0.6/0.7±0.6), 4) margin of nodule (1.0±0.3/1.5±0.5/1.2± 0.5), and 5) internal echoes of nodule (1.1±0.3/1.5±0.5/1.2 ±0.4) and T showed grade improvements in 1) reduction in the density of shadowing (0.4±0.6/1.2±0.6/0.7±0.7), 2) resolution of duct wall (1.0±0.3/1.5±0.6/1.1±0.5), 3) resolution of duct lumen (0.9±0.3/1.6±0.6/0.8±0.6), 4)
{"title":"A Comparison Study between Compound Imaging and Conventional Ultrasonography in Subareolar Area","authors":"B. Seo, H. Jeon, Jeong Hee Park, K. Cho, Ji Young Lee, Bo-Kyung Je, E. Choi, J. Lee, J. Bae, S. Kim","doi":"10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The subareolar area is often difficult to evaluate ultrasonographically due to tissue shadowing, which obscures visualization of ducts and parenchymal tissue. The purpose of this study is to determine if real-time compound imaging improves evaluation of normal subareolar tissue and solid nodules in subareolar area compared to conventional ultrasonography. Methods: 190 images of the subareolar area were obtained from 135 patients from March 2001 to July 2002. Thirty-three of 190 images showed solid nodules, extraductal nodules in 30 and intraductal nodules in three. We scanned both conventional and compound imaging with a stationary probe, to maintain an identical projection and tissue pressure. We used two compound techniques; survey mode (S) is made by 3 coplanar images and target mode (T) by 9 coplanar images. The evaluating points were 1) reduction in the density of shadowing, 2) resolution of duct wall, 3) resolution of duct lumen, 4) margin of nodule, and 5) internal echoes of nodule. In a blinded fashion, three radiologists graded the quality of images on a 5-point scale. Results: For reviewer 1/2/3, S showed grade improvements in 1) reduction in the density of shadowing (0.4±0.6/1.1± 0.6/0.5±0.5), 2) resolution of duct wall (0.9±0.2/1.5± 0.6/1.0±0.5), 3) resolution of duct lumen (0.9±0.2/1.6± 0.6/0.7±0.6), 4) margin of nodule (1.0±0.3/1.5±0.5/1.2± 0.5), and 5) internal echoes of nodule (1.1±0.3/1.5±0.5/1.2 ±0.4) and T showed grade improvements in 1) reduction in the density of shadowing (0.4±0.6/1.2±0.6/0.7±0.7), 2) resolution of duct wall (1.0±0.3/1.5±0.6/1.1±0.5), 3) resolution of duct lumen (0.9±0.3/1.6±0.6/0.8±0.6), 4)","PeriodicalId":414717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125559406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-03-01DOI: 10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.1
K. Chung, Soo‐Jung Ahn, Sung-Won Kim, W. Han, Hee J. Kim, Ji‐Yeon Bae, Joong-Soo Han, D. Noh
Purpose: Tibolone is a tissue specific steroid hormone newly recognized as an estrogenic agent for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The aim of the study is to characterize the basic mechanism of tibolone in the PLD signal transduction pathway of breast cancer cell lines. Methods: The levels of phospholipase D (PLD), caspase 3 mRNA and protein, and the cell counts were measured in estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 and negative MDA-MB-231 cell lines treated with estradiol, tamoxifen and tibolone and three metabolite forms of tibolone (3β-OH-tibolone, ∆4 isomer, 3α-OH-tibolone). Multimodality methods such as RT-PCR, immunoblot analysis and in vivo enzyme activity assay were used. Results: The addition of estradiol to MCF-7 cell line resulted in cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner while that of tamoxifen and tibolone showed antiproliferative effects. The addition of tamoxifen or tibolone to MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 cell lines resulted in the elevation of caspase 3 mRNA levels, indicating the induction of apoptosis. PLD mRNA level was elevated in both cell lines treated with tamoxifen, but decreased in those treated with the various tibolones, except for 3βOH-tibolone. In immunoblot analysis, while MCF-7 cell line treated with tamoxifen showed an increased level of PLD expression, in MDA-MB-231 cell line the expression was decreased. Similar results were observed in the addition of tibolones, which resulted in an increase of PLD expression level in MCF-7 cell line and a decrease in MDA-MB-231 cell line. In vitro PLD activity assay showed decreased activity after estradiol treatment and increased activity after tamoxifen and tibolone treatment in MDA-MB231 cell line. In MCF-7 cell line,among the tibolones only ∆4 isomer increased PLD activity. Tiboloneshowed antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. But its influence on the signal transduction pathway varied slightly between the two cell lines. Conclusion: we were able to find the antiestrogenic properties of the estrogenic agent tibolone. (Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society 2003;6:1-7)
{"title":"The Effects of Tibolone in Breast Cancer Cell Lines: The Role of Tibolone in Phospholipase D Signal Transduction Pathway","authors":"K. Chung, Soo‐Jung Ahn, Sung-Won Kim, W. Han, Hee J. Kim, Ji‐Yeon Bae, Joong-Soo Han, D. Noh","doi":"10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Tibolone is a tissue specific steroid hormone newly recognized as an estrogenic agent for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The aim of the study is to characterize the basic mechanism of tibolone in the PLD signal transduction pathway of breast cancer cell lines. Methods: The levels of phospholipase D (PLD), caspase 3 mRNA and protein, and the cell counts were measured in estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 and negative MDA-MB-231 cell lines treated with estradiol, tamoxifen and tibolone and three metabolite forms of tibolone (3β-OH-tibolone, ∆4 isomer, 3α-OH-tibolone). Multimodality methods such as RT-PCR, immunoblot analysis and in vivo enzyme activity assay were used. Results: The addition of estradiol to MCF-7 cell line resulted in cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner while that of tamoxifen and tibolone showed antiproliferative effects. The addition of tamoxifen or tibolone to MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 cell lines resulted in the elevation of caspase 3 mRNA levels, indicating the induction of apoptosis. PLD mRNA level was elevated in both cell lines treated with tamoxifen, but decreased in those treated with the various tibolones, except for 3βOH-tibolone. In immunoblot analysis, while MCF-7 cell line treated with tamoxifen showed an increased level of PLD expression, in MDA-MB-231 cell line the expression was decreased. Similar results were observed in the addition of tibolones, which resulted in an increase of PLD expression level in MCF-7 cell line and a decrease in MDA-MB-231 cell line. In vitro PLD activity assay showed decreased activity after estradiol treatment and increased activity after tamoxifen and tibolone treatment in MDA-MB231 cell line. In MCF-7 cell line,among the tibolones only ∆4 isomer increased PLD activity. Tiboloneshowed antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. But its influence on the signal transduction pathway varied slightly between the two cell lines. Conclusion: we were able to find the antiestrogenic properties of the estrogenic agent tibolone. (Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society 2003;6:1-7)","PeriodicalId":414717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122964252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-03-01DOI: 10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.35
Tae Yun Kim, M. Chae, Hyung Hwan Kim, S. Kim, M. Baek, Moon-Soo Lee, Chang Ho Kim, E. Kim, Min-Hyuk Lee, M. Cho, O. Song
{"title":"A Case of Malignant Melanoma Presenting as a Breast Mass","authors":"Tae Yun Kim, M. Chae, Hyung Hwan Kim, S. Kim, M. Baek, Moon-Soo Lee, Chang Ho Kim, E. Kim, Min-Hyuk Lee, M. Cho, O. Song","doi":"10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130919863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-03-01DOI: 10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.8
W. Noh, N. Paik
분자의학적 암치료(molecular targeted therapy)의 궁극적 인 목표는 특정한 암 환자에게서 나타나는 유전적 또는 생물학적인 이상 소견을 찾아내어 이러한 소견을 바탕으 로 개개인 환자들에게 가장 적합한 치료법을 적용하는 것 이다. 분자의학적 암치료는 기존의 항암 요법과는 달리 특정한 물질이나 신호전달체계를 선택적으로 차단하여 암의 성장을 억제하거나 암세포의 아포토시스를 유발한 다. 최근 수년간 이 분야는 괄목할 만한 발전을 이룩하여 많은 약제들이 개발되어 임상시험 과정을 거치고 있으며 Tratzuzumab, Glivec (STI-571) 등을 비롯한 몇몇 약제들은 임상적인 효능이 이미 입증된 바 있다. 단백질의 합성은 인체 대사 과정의 가장 기본적인 부분 이며 여러 유전자의 발현을 조절하는 가장 중요한 과정이 기도 하다. 최근 세포의 성장과 분열에 중요한 역할을 하 는 물질들이 단백질의 번역 과정(translational level)에서 조 절되고 있음이 밝혀졌고, 이에 따라 단백질의 번역과정에 관여하는 물질들과 경로(pathway)가 암 치료의 새로운 표 적으로 떠오르고 있다. 본 논문에서 저자는 단백질 합성 과정과 암과의 관계에 대한 최근 연구결과들을 간단히 살 펴보고 유방암에서 mTOR 신호전달체계를 표적으로 한 새로운 치료법에 관한 전임상 연구 결과를 간단히 소개하 고자 한다.
{"title":"Translational Regulation: A Novel Target for Breast Cancer Therapy","authors":"W. Noh, N. Paik","doi":"10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"분자의학적 암치료(molecular targeted therapy)의 궁극적 인 목표는 특정한 암 환자에게서 나타나는 유전적 또는 생물학적인 이상 소견을 찾아내어 이러한 소견을 바탕으 로 개개인 환자들에게 가장 적합한 치료법을 적용하는 것 이다. 분자의학적 암치료는 기존의 항암 요법과는 달리 특정한 물질이나 신호전달체계를 선택적으로 차단하여 암의 성장을 억제하거나 암세포의 아포토시스를 유발한 다. 최근 수년간 이 분야는 괄목할 만한 발전을 이룩하여 많은 약제들이 개발되어 임상시험 과정을 거치고 있으며 Tratzuzumab, Glivec (STI-571) 등을 비롯한 몇몇 약제들은 임상적인 효능이 이미 입증된 바 있다. 단백질의 합성은 인체 대사 과정의 가장 기본적인 부분 이며 여러 유전자의 발현을 조절하는 가장 중요한 과정이 기도 하다. 최근 세포의 성장과 분열에 중요한 역할을 하 는 물질들이 단백질의 번역 과정(translational level)에서 조 절되고 있음이 밝혀졌고, 이에 따라 단백질의 번역과정에 관여하는 물질들과 경로(pathway)가 암 치료의 새로운 표 적으로 떠오르고 있다. 본 논문에서 저자는 단백질 합성 과정과 암과의 관계에 대한 최근 연구결과들을 간단히 살 펴보고 유방암에서 mTOR 신호전달체계를 표적으로 한 새로운 치료법에 관한 전임상 연구 결과를 간단히 소개하 고자 한다.","PeriodicalId":414717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society","volume":"33 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127442247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-03-01DOI: 10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.29
Jin Wook Choi, H. Lee, Byeong-Woo Park, W. Jung, K. Oh, Y. H. Ryu
Purpose: Although an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) has been considered as an ultimate procedure for axilla in the breast carcinoma, complications after ALND and conceptual revolution for the role of axillary nodes have made it necessary to look for an alternative. Recent studies of sentinel lymphadenectomy (SLND) have shown that SLND accurately predict axillary nodal status. However, for a satisfying outcome in SLND, a learning period would be required, as other surgical procedures do. In this study, the necessity of the learning period for SLND were examined. Methods: From Nov. 1998 to Dec. 2001, 178 patients with invasive breast carcinoma were treated with SLND simultaneously followed by ALND. The period for the first 54 patients, Nov. 1998 to May. 1999, was set as a 'learning period'. Differences of the detection rate and the false negative rate for the 'learning period' and 'after the learning period' were compared. Also changes in the detection rate and the false negative rate with the accumulated experiences for SLND were evaluated. Results: The sentinel lymph nodes were not identified in 5 patients through the whole period. Three of them occurred in the 'learning period' (5.6%, 3/54) and the rest occurred 'after the learning period' (1.6%, 2/124)(P=0.04). The false negative rate was 16.7% (4/24) in the 'learning period' and 0.0% in 'after the learning period' (P=0.00). The detection rate and the false negative rate improved with the accumulation of experiences for SLND. Conclusion: It is certain that 'learning period' for SLND is crucial. During this period, the improvement and stabilization of this skill is achieved. (Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society 2003;6:29-34) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ
{"title":"The Necessity of Learning Period for Sentinel Lymphadenectomy in Breast Carcinoma","authors":"Jin Wook Choi, H. Lee, Byeong-Woo Park, W. Jung, K. Oh, Y. H. Ryu","doi":"10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4048/JKBCS.2003.6.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Although an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) has been considered as an ultimate procedure for axilla in the breast carcinoma, complications after ALND and conceptual revolution for the role of axillary nodes have made it necessary to look for an alternative. Recent studies of sentinel lymphadenectomy (SLND) have shown that SLND accurately predict axillary nodal status. However, for a satisfying outcome in SLND, a learning period would be required, as other surgical procedures do. In this study, the necessity of the learning period for SLND were examined. Methods: From Nov. 1998 to Dec. 2001, 178 patients with invasive breast carcinoma were treated with SLND simultaneously followed by ALND. The period for the first 54 patients, Nov. 1998 to May. 1999, was set as a 'learning period'. Differences of the detection rate and the false negative rate for the 'learning period' and 'after the learning period' were compared. Also changes in the detection rate and the false negative rate with the accumulated experiences for SLND were evaluated. Results: The sentinel lymph nodes were not identified in 5 patients through the whole period. Three of them occurred in the 'learning period' (5.6%, 3/54) and the rest occurred 'after the learning period' (1.6%, 2/124)(P=0.04). The false negative rate was 16.7% (4/24) in the 'learning period' and 0.0% in 'after the learning period' (P=0.00). The detection rate and the false negative rate improved with the accumulation of experiences for SLND. Conclusion: It is certain that 'learning period' for SLND is crucial. During this period, the improvement and stabilization of this skill is achieved. (Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society 2003;6:29-34) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ","PeriodicalId":414717,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Breast Cancer Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115510565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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